Prosanta Chakrabarty: Clues to prehistoric times, found in blind cavefish
プロサンタ・チャクラバーティ: 盲目の洞窟魚に見る先史時代へのヒント
Prosanta Chakrabarty studies fish to help explain the evolution of human beings and our planet. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
聞こえるかもしれませんが
「YOLO(人生は一度きり)」がつく
頭のいい若者の皆さんは
"you only live once,"
短縮語だと知っていますよね
what I always dreamt of doing:
実行するつもりです
and discovering new species.
そして 新種を発見すること
on caves for finding new species.
洞窟を集中的に調査しています
cavefish species out there.
新種の洞窟魚がいることが判明しました
いいんです
a lot about biology and geology.
多くのことを教えてくれます
around them have changed and moved
閉じ込められているので
変化し動いたか分かり
the evolution of sight, by being blind.
視覚の進化が分かるのです
that are essentially the same as ours.
我々の目と同じ構造をしています
a fish species starts to adapt
そして 暗く寒い洞窟の環境に置かれると
they lose their eyes and their eyesight
彼らの目と視力は退化し
cavefish like this one here.
洞窟魚になるのです
has evolved in a slightly different way,
少しずつ異なった進化をするので
and biological story to tell us,
それぞれに物語っています
when we find a new species.
we described, from southern Indiana.
発見した新種です
the Hoosier cavefish.
「インディアナ在住の洞窟魚」と名付けました
are cavefishes in Kentucky,
マンモス・ケーヴ・システムの種が
when the Ohio River split them
棲みかが分かれ
these subtle differences
盲目に関する遺伝子構造に
behind their blindness.
that's super-critical for sight.
ロドプシンという遺伝子があります
all function in that gene,
全機能を失っているのに対し
natural experiment
行われているようなもので
behind our vision,
考察することができます
about deep geological time,
伝えてくれるのです
than in this species here.
そのもっともよい例でしょう
we described from Madagascar
命名しました
いかに我々が病みつきになって
to collect this species.
full of dead things
洞窟を泳ぐのは
be doing with your life,
最良の選択ではありませんが
that it tried to kill us,
― まあ ずいぶん面倒がありましたが…
this species in Madagascar,
最も近い親類は
are 6,000 kilometers away,
オーストラリアの
freshwater cavefish
the DNA of these species
for more than 100 million years,
1億年以上も前 つまり
continents were last together.
一続きだった頃でした
didn't move at all.
一切動かないので
古代の地殻変動が起きたのか
these ancient geological events.
つい最近なので
to tell you its name yet,
できませんが
it's a new species from Mexico,
絶滅していると思われます
the only known cave system it's from
近くのダム建設に伴って―
絶滅したであろうと考えられるのです
洞窟魚たちにとって
主要な飲み水の水源なのです
this species' closest relative, yet.
まだ分かっていませんが
anything else in Mexico,
something new about the geology
of how to better diagnose
より優れた生物学的な分析方法の
before it goes extinct too.
発見できることを願います
trying to discover and save
生物学的見識をもたらす
about the geology of the planet
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Prosanta Chakrabarty - IchthyologistProsanta Chakrabarty studies fish to help explain the evolution of human beings and our planet.
Why you should listen
Dr. Prosanta Chakrabarty is an Associate Professor and Curator of Fishes at the Museum of Natural Science and Department of Biological Science at Louisiana State University.
Chakrabarty is a systematist and an ichthyologist studying the evolution and biogeography of both freshwater and marine fishes. His work includes studies of Neotropical (Central and South America, Caribbean) and Indo-West Pacific (Indian and Western Pacific Ocean) fishes. His natural history collecting efforts include trips to Japan, Australia, Taiwan, Madagascar, Panama, Kuwait and many other countries. He has discovered over a dozen new species including new anglerfishes and cavefishes.
The LSU Museum of Natural Science fish collection that Chakrabarty oversees includes nearly half a million fish specimens and nearly 10,000 DNA samples covering most major groups of fishes. He earned his PhD at the University of Michigan and his undergraduate degree is from McGill University in Montreal. He has written two books including A Guide to Academia: Getting into and Surviving Grad School, Postdocs and a Research Job. He is also a former Program Director at the National Science Foundation. He was named a TED Fellow in 2016 and a TED Senior Fellow in 2018.
Prosanta Chakrabarty | Speaker | TED.com