Prosanta Chakrabarty: Clues to prehistoric times, found in blind cavefish
Просанта Чакрабарти: Как слепые пещерные рыбы проливают свет на доисторические времена
Prosanta Chakrabarty studies fish to help explain the evolution of human beings and our planet. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
"you only live once,"
«you only live once» [живём только раз].
what I always dreamt of doing:
о чём всегда мечтал:
and discovering new species.
и открывать новые виды живых существ.
on caves for finding new species.
чтобы найти новых существ,
cavefish species out there.
много новых видов рыб.
a lot about biology and geology.
о биологии и геологии.
around them have changed and moved
вокруг них двигалась и менялась,
в образовавшихся лакунах,
the evolution of sight, by being blind.
рассказать мне о развитии зрения.
that are essentially the same as ours.
по сути, аналогичные нашим.
a fish species starts to adapt
но когда рыбы начинают адаптироваться
they lose their eyes and their eyesight
они теряют зрение и глаза,
cavefish like this one here.
как вот эта.
has evolved in a slightly different way,
эволюционировала по-своему,
and biological story to tell us,
геологическую и биологическую историю,
when we find a new species.
находить новый вид рыб.
we described, from southern Indiana.
Мы её описали и назвали
[прозвище жителей штата Индиана]
the Hoosier cavefish.
are cavefishes in Kentucky,
пещерные рыбы из штата Кентукки,
when the Ohio River split them
когда их разделила река Огайо
these subtle differences
небольшие различия
behind their blindness.
that's super-critical for sight.
отвечающий за ключевой зрительный пигмент.
all function in that gene,
его функция полностью потеряна,
natural experiment
природный эксперимент,
behind our vision,
на наши зрительные гены,
about deep geological time,
и о древнем геологическом времени,
than in this species here.
we described from Madagascar
описанный нами на Мадагаскаре,
«сильная тошнота»,
to collect this species.
собирать этих рыб.
full of dead things
полных мертвечины,
be doing with your life,
that it tried to kill us,
хотя он и пытался нас убить,
this species in Madagascar,
из Мадагаскара —
are 6,000 kilometers away,
пещерных рыб Австралии,
freshwater cavefish
длиной 7,5 см
the DNA of these species
мы обнаружили,
for more than 100 million years,
более 100 миллионов лет назад,
continents were last together.
последний раз были вместе.
didn't move at all.
these ancient geological events.
эти древние геологические события.
to tell you its name yet,
разглашать его название,
it's a new species from Mexico,
the only known cave system it's from
пещерная система, в которой он обитал,
когда поблизости построили плотину.
питьевой воды.
this species' closest relative, yet.
ближайших сородичей этих рыб.
anything else in Mexico,
something new about the geology
так мы узнаем что-то новое о геологии
of how to better diagnose
что поможет нам точнее диагностировать
before it goes extinct too.
до того, как они тоже вымрут.
trying to discover and save
about the geology of the planet
о геологии нашей планеты
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Prosanta Chakrabarty - IchthyologistProsanta Chakrabarty studies fish to help explain the evolution of human beings and our planet.
Why you should listen
Dr. Prosanta Chakrabarty is an Associate Professor and Curator of Fishes at the Museum of Natural Science and Department of Biological Science at Louisiana State University.
Chakrabarty is a systematist and an ichthyologist studying the evolution and biogeography of both freshwater and marine fishes. His work includes studies of Neotropical (Central and South America, Caribbean) and Indo-West Pacific (Indian and Western Pacific Ocean) fishes. His natural history collecting efforts include trips to Japan, Australia, Taiwan, Madagascar, Panama, Kuwait and many other countries. He has discovered over a dozen new species including new anglerfishes and cavefishes.
The LSU Museum of Natural Science fish collection that Chakrabarty oversees includes nearly half a million fish specimens and nearly 10,000 DNA samples covering most major groups of fishes. He earned his PhD at the University of Michigan and his undergraduate degree is from McGill University in Montreal. He has written two books including A Guide to Academia: Getting into and Surviving Grad School, Postdocs and a Research Job. He is also a former Program Director at the National Science Foundation. He was named a TED Fellow in 2016 and a TED Senior Fellow in 2018.
Prosanta Chakrabarty | Speaker | TED.com