Brett Hennig: What if we replaced politicians with randomly selected people?
브렛 헤니그(Brett Hennig): 정치인을 추첨으로 뽑으면 어떻게 될까요?
Brett Hennig co-founded and directs the Sortition Foundation, which campaigns to institute the use of stratified, random selection (also called sortition) in government. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
one of the big questions,
who perhaps live in a city
아니면 심지어 같은 행성에서
the rules that govern us?
어떻게 만들어야 할까요?
an important question.
it's even more important than ever
더욱 중요해졌다고 생각합니다.
climate change, the refugee crisis,
난민 위기 등과 같은
themselves this question
살기 시작한 이래로
in organized societies.
for the greater good of everyone.
필요하다고 생각했습니다.
they could be those guardians,
보호자가 될 수 있을 거라 생각했지만,
they tended to lose their heads.
목이 날아갔습니다.
his answer of how to live together.
적용하기 위해 노력해왔습니다.
비인륜적이었습니다.
a different kind of answer,
관심 받지 못했던
into hibernation for 2,000 years,
at the modern history of democracy,
to put the last 200 years.
the number of democracies.
표시할 겁니다.
증가했다는 것입니다.
of democracy's triumph,
the end of history,
방법에 대한 해답이 밝혀져서
has been answered,
living in a democracy is a good thing?
민주주의가 좋은 거라 생각하시나요?
keep your hands down.
생각하시면 손을 들지 마세요.
who didn't raise their hands,
걱정하실 필요는 없어요.
are functioning well?
생각하시나요?
in the audience somewhere.
하나쯤은 계실 거라고 생각하는데요.
is the end of history,
역사의 종언이라면,
or contradiction here.
is about the ideal of democracy,
이상향에 대한 것이었고,
are very appealing.
제대로 작동하지 않고 있죠.
our politicians aren't trusted,
정치인을 신뢰하지 않고,
by powerful vested interests.
이해관계에 의해 왜곡되었습니다.
to resolve this paradox.
두 가지가 있다고 저는 생각합니다.
it doesn't work.
효과가 없잖아요.
who will ignore democratic norms,
민주적인 규범은 무시하고,
is to fix this broken system,
in our parliaments
evidence-based laws
심사숙고한, 증거에 기반한
대해 말씀드릴게요.
"Why wouldn't this work?"
"왜 잘 작동하지 않는 걸까?"
afterwards about it.
주셨으면 좋겠습니다.
"임의 선출"이라고 합니다.
and put them in parliament.
의회에 보내는 것이죠.
for a few more minutes, shall we?
and you and you and you down there
다른 사람들을 임의로 골라서
for the next couple of years.
to make sure that it matched
profile of the country
sample of people.
추첨할 수도 있습니다.
some would be old,
노인도 일부 있을 것이며
ordinary people like you and me.
평범한 사람들일 것입니다.
how we would all think,
충분한 시간과 정보,
the moral crux of political decisions.
할 생각들을 엿보게 해줄 겁니다.
someone of your gender,
and someone with your background
would build on the wisdom of crowds.
기반한 것일 겁니다.
than the sum of their parts.
사람들일 것입니다.
that diversity can trump ability
of societal questions and problems.
증명해 줄 것입니다.
by public opinion poll.
would move beyond public opinion
이 집단은 단지 여론을 넘어
단계까지 갈 것입니다.
one major side effect:
하나 있을 수도 있습니다.
truly representative of society,
대표할 수 있게 만든다면,
pretty sad to see that.
굉장히 슬플 거예요.
of how democracy was done
핵심을 이룬 부분이
is called a kleroteria.
random-selection device.
randomly selected citizens
of their political posts.
사람들로 채웠습니다.
were aristocratic devices.
장치라는 걸 알았던 것이죠.
were a thing to be avoided.
피해야한다는 사실도요.
알고 있다고 저는 생각합니다.
the ancient use of random selection
더 흥미로운 사실은
of random selection in politics
타당성에 대한 재발견은
too many examples to talk about.
that it's going to be difficult
우리 의회에 도입하는 것은
with randomly selected people."
의석을 채워야한다고 생각해."
separate his recycling."
but overwhelming and compelling evidence
놀랍지만 압도적이고
효과가 있다는 것입니다.
they act responsibly.
만병통치약이라는 것은 아닙니다.
Would this be perfect?
완벽하냐는 게 아니니까요.
will continue to exist.
핵심적인 질문입니다.
to me at least, is obviously yes.
최소한 제 생각에는 그렇다입니다.
to our original question:
돌아가 보도록 하죠.
방법은 무엇일까요?
답을 알고 있습니다.
그 상태로 갈 수 있을까요?
다시 만들 방법은 뭘까요?
things that we can do,
방법이 있는데요,
happening right now.
and workplaces and other institutions,
볼리비아에서 하고 있는 것처럼
is doing in Bolivia.
추첨제를 도입할 수 있습니다.
and citizens' assemblies,
모을 수도 있을 겁니다.
is doing in Australia,
is doing in the US
is doing right now.
하는 것처럼 말이죠.
demanding change,
is doing in the UK.
시작할 수도 있습니다.
a second chamber in our parliament,
시민 의원이라 부를 수 있는
만드는 것이 될 겁니다.
for a citizens' senate in France
이미 시민 의원을 도입하자는
right here in Hungary.
시작할 수 있습니다.
right into the heart of government.
것과 같다고 할 수 있을 겁니다.
in the current system,
elections with sortition.
추첨으로 바꿔야 할 것입니다.
systems have been created,
torn down and replaced
일어날 것입니다.
일어나는지가 문제죠.
(Hungarian) Thank you.
(헝가리어) 감사합니다.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Brett Hennig - Author, activistBrett Hennig co-founded and directs the Sortition Foundation, which campaigns to institute the use of stratified, random selection (also called sortition) in government.
Why you should listen
Before co-founding the Sortition Foundation, Brett Hennig wore a variety of hats: as a taxi driver, a software engineer, a social justice activist, a mathematics tutor and the primary carer of four boys. He finished his PhD in astrophysics just before his first son arrived.
After spending several disheartening years in civil society organizations and politics, Hennig became inspired by Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri's trilogy on political philosophy and began investigating and researching network forms of democracy. The resulting book, The End of Politicians: Time for a Real Democracy, has been called "a book for visionaries" by New Internationalist contributing editor James Kelsey Fry and described as "a powerful critique and provocative alternative" by Professor Erik Olin Wright of the University of Wisconsin-Madison.
Hennig has given many talks promoting sortition and has contributed a chapter, "Who needs elections? Accountability, Equality, and Legitimacy under Sortition," to the forthcoming book Legislature by Lot: Transformative Designs for Deliberative Governance (Verso, 2019).
Brett Hennig | Speaker | TED.com