Dana Kanze: The real reason female entrepreneurs get less funding
다나 칸제(Dana Kanze): 여성 기업가들이 자금을 덜 받는 실제 이유
Dana Kanze is a doctoral fellow at Columbia Business School where she applies behavioral insights to understand sources of inequality in entrepreneurship. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
into this beautifully still pool of water.
뛰어들기 직전에
that this pool is completely empty
곧 알게 됩니다.
거의 꽁꽁 얼 지경이었기 때문이었고
is near freezing
물 밖을 나올 수가 없었어요.
no matter how hard I try.
trying to do before blacking out.
마지막으로 기억하는 것이에요.
had been chatting with two girls
여자와 얘기를 나누고 있었죠.
보거나 듣지 못했죠.
see or hear me struggle.
by a girl walking near the pool
아래를 내려다 보고
입으로 인공호흡을 받은 거죠.
I'm getting mouth-to-mouth
뇌 손상이 어는 정도 되었나 확인했죠.
to determine the extent of my brain loss.
at the water's surface,
팔을 흔들었다면,
구해줬겠죠.
and come to save me.
바로 아래에 있을 때 어떤지 알기에
because it illustrates
when they're just beneath the surface.
성 편견에 대해 연구하고 있어요.
gender bias in start-ups,
far more insidious than mere overt bias
towards an entrepreneur,
기회가 있죠.
to do something about it.
between investors and entrepreneurs
at Columbia Business School,
신규 업체 공부를 시작하기 전
뛰어 다니며 돈을 모았어요.
and raising money for my own start-up.
바쁘게 뛰어 다니며
to meet with prospective investors
that I had reluctantly pitched
미시시치주 투자자 한명 한명에게
friend, colleague, angel investor
to all these investors,
이야기를 하는 과정에서
것을 인지하게 되죠.
interesting was happening.
set of questions than my male cofounder.
질문을 받았어요.
that could go wrong with the venture
모든 것을 물어 보았어요.
투자자들의 이익을 최대화 하기 위해
about our venture's home run potential
물어 보았죠.
될 것에 대한 모든 것을요.
that could go right with the venture.
갖게 될 것인가를 물어본 반면
we were going to bring on,
어떻게 유지할 것인가를 물어봤죠.
to hang on to the ones we already had.
전 이것이 이상하다고 생각해요.
I found this to be rather odd.
있는 것 같은 기분이었어요.
I was taking crazy pills.
rationalized it by thinking,
with how I'm presenting myself,
톡특한 것으로요.
simply unique to my start-up.
사업을 떠나기로 힘들게 마음 먹어요.
decision to leave my start-up
박사학위를 받을 수 있으니 까요.
of getting my PhD.
토리 히진 교수가 만든
about a social psychological theory
called "regulatory focus,"
사회적 심리학을 공부하죠.
두 가지 뚜렷한 동기지향성을 구별하죠.
two distinct motivational orientations
필요성을 강조하는 반면,
and advancement needs,
is concerned with losses
필요성을 강조하죠.
responsibility and security needs.
for a prevention focus
물 위를 걸어다닐 수 있게 하는 반면,
just to stay afloat,
has us swimming in the right direction.
올바른 방향으로 수영을 이끌어 주죠.
진격하는 냐의 문제죠.
of how far we can advance.
when it dawned on me
남성 사업가가 받았던
편견에 가까웠다는 것을
posed to my male cofounder,
those questions asked of me.
연구를 파헤지기 시작했죠.
on start-up financing
모금하는 기금에
that male and female founders raise.
미국 기업을 찾은 반면,
38 percent of US companies,
of the venture funding.
to any fundamental difference
started by men and women?
자금 격차가 생긴 것이 아니라면요?
간단한 차이 때문에
자금을 모금한다면요?
in the questions that they get asked?
to venture funding,
관한 일일 때
있다고 투자자를 설득해야 해요.
of their start-up's home run potential.
입증하기에 충분하지 않아요.
your investors' money.
would be getting less funding than men
자금을 모의는 이유를 설명하죠.
관계를 맺게 된다면요.
promotion-oriented dialogues.
기회가 있었어요.
to test this hypothesis
자금 경쟁에서
and funding needs across all years
필요로 하는 회사들을 대상으로요.
known as TechCrunch Disrupt
뉴욕에서 진행되었으며
in New York City
이상적인 곳으로 널리 알려져있죠.
the ideal place for start-ups to launch,
누구나 다 알만한 회사인
that have since become household names,
몇몇의 벤처 투자자들(VC)에게 소개를 합니다.
most prominent VCs.
of companies in my sample,
공통점을 가지고 있지만,
다섯 배 더 많은 자금을 모금했습니다.
to raise five times as much funding
what's driving this gender disparity.
만드는 지 궁금했습니다.
질문 응답이 담긴 비디오를
both the pitches and the Q and A sessions
and I had them transcribed.
소프트웨어로
of regulatory-focused terms
and Word Count software called LIWC.
generated the frequencies
기록문에 있는 발전적인 언어와
in the transcribed text.
연구소에 수동으로
and answers manually coded
질문과 답변을 가지고 있었어요.
Research Lab at Columbia.
예방적 언어로 틀이 잡혔습니다.
in promotion or prevention.
I mentioned briefly earlier.
주제를 담아보죠.
획득할 계획 인가요?" 같은 것이죠.
do you plan to acquire this year?"
your existing customers?"
계획이죠?" 같은 것이예요.
자금후원 필요성과
결과에 영향을 미칠 수 있는
that can affect their funding outcomes,
quality and funding needs
저의 분석자료의 통제역학을 하죠.
as controls in my analysis.
방법은 같았다는 거예요.
entrepreneurs present their companies.
and female entrepreneurs
발적인이고 예방적인
of promotion and prevention language
on the entrepreneur's side,
차이점을 제외하고 나서
with the VCs after pitching.
in these exchanges,
showed significant support
받는 다는 사실이
get asked promotion questions
get asked prevention questions.
of the questions posed
were promotion-focused,
질문들이 67%나 되었어요.
entrepreneurs were prevention-focused.
66%는 예방책에 관해 집중되었어요.
행동을 할 것을 기대했었어요.
동종선호의 이론이 대중매체나
and the venture-funding literature,
theory of homophily to hold here,
여기에서도 유효하다고 생각했어요
남성 기업가들을 선호하고
would favor male entrepreneurs
똑같이 대할 것이라 기대했어요.
for female entrepreneurs.
the same implicit gender bias
암암리에 성 편향성을 보였어요.
제시된 질문들의
of the questions they posed
male entrepreneurs promotion questions
발전 관련 질문들을 던졌고
예방책 질문을 했어요.
female entrepreneurs prevention questions
that both male and female VCs
어떤 영향을 미칠까요?
on start-up funding outcomes?
it has a significant effect.
현저한 효과를 드러냅니다.
how well the start-ups would perform
조달할지 예측했습니다.
went on to raise in the open market.
predominantly promotion questions
seven times as much funding
responses to those questions,
반응을 분석했고
are apt to respond in kind
알아냈습니다.
begets a promotion response
낳는다는 의미입니다.
begets a prevention response.
직관적으로 이해할 수 있게 하지만
intuitive sense to all of us here,
in this context of venture funding.
불행한 결과입니다.
gets asked a promotion question,
to reinforce his association
호화로운 보상을 얻게 됩니다.
of gains by responding in kind,
예방책 질문을 받고,
gets asked a prevention question
손해를 입고 불리한 영역과 함께
aggravates her association
of losses by doing so.
그 후의 편파 질문의 계기가 되고,
capitalists' subsequent biased questions,
collectively fuel a cycle of bias
편파적 순환에 연료가 됩니다.
the gender disparity.
a silver lining to my findings.
한 줄기 빛이 있습니다.
who managed to switch focus
옹호성 답변으로 대응하면서
with promotion answers
예방책 답변으로 대응한 이들보다
to prevention questions
여러분이 스타트업 시장 점유율을
is that if you're asked a question
your start-up's market share,
크기와 성장 잠재력에서
to frame your response
단지 계획한 것에서
of the overall pie
것이 더 좋습니다.
to protect your sliver of that pie.
끌어들이기 마련인
and fast-growing market
놀고 있습니다.
increasing share in this market
끌어올릴 것입니다."
unique assets."
into the favorable domain of gains.
교묘하게 바꾸었습니다.
스타트업들 사이에서 꽤 설득력이 있지만
among start-ups that launched at TechCrunch
that there's a correlational relationship
상관 관계가 있다는 것을 말합니다.
this difference in regulatory focus
투자자들 모두에게
알아보려고 합니다.
and ordinary people.
Disrupt environment,
환경 시뮬레이션입니다.
조작되어진
to four six-minute audio files
참가자들에게 들려주었습니다.
for promotion and prevention language,
적절해 보이는 만큼
to allocate a sum of funding
질문했습니다.
reinforced my findings from the field.
현장에서 얻은 발견을 보강시켜 주었습니다.
질문을 받은 시나리오가
were asked promotion questions
were asked prevention questions.
where entrepreneurs switched
반대로 바꾼 시나리오가
when they received prevention questions
더 자금을 받았다는 사실입니다.
from both sets of participants.
간단한 것들이 있습니다.
simple things you could do.
the question you're being asked.
받은 질문을 알아차려야 합니다.
the question at hand by all means,
질문에 답변하되
더 많은 양의 자금을 얻기 위해
your response in promotion
of funding for your start-ups.
evaluating start-ups
gender bias in their questioning,
남성 사업가에 호의를 드러냅니다.
male entrepreneurs over female ones.
옳은 일을 하게 할뿐만 아니라,
an opportunity here
more even-handedly,
여러분이 더 공평하게 접근할 수 있게
could do the right thing,
the quality of your decision making.
on every start-up's potential
스타트업들이 빛날 수 있으며
start-ups to shine
수익을 극대화 할 수 있습니다.
알리는 소녀가 됩니다.
beneath the surface.
to break this cycle
암묵적 성 편견의
in start-up funding.
남성이 이끌든 상관없이
they're led by men or women,
싸울 기회를 줍니다.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Dana Kanze - ResearcherDana Kanze is a doctoral fellow at Columbia Business School where she applies behavioral insights to understand sources of inequality in entrepreneurship.
Why you should listen
Prior to embarking upon her PhD, Dana Kanze co-founded and ran a venture-funded startup for five years. Her experiences as a female entrepreneur and CEO inspired her to examine gender distinctions among founders. Her research embraces a mixed methods approach, combining field and archival studies that explore correlational relationships with controlled experiments that develop causal stories. Her work has been published in The Academy of Management and The Harvard Business Review and featured in Bloomberg, Business Insider, Entrepreneur, Forbes, Fortune and The Wall Street Journal, among others. Kanze graduated magna cum laude with a BS in economics from The Wharton School and began her career as an investment banker and strategic consultant.
Dana Kanze | Speaker | TED.com