Dana Kanze: The real reason female entrepreneurs get less funding
Dana Kanze: A verdadeira razão para as mulheres empresárias terem menos financiamento
Dana Kanze is a doctoral fellow at Columbia Business School where she applies behavioral insights to understand sources of inequality in entrepreneurship. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
into this beautifully still pool of water.
de água bonita e tranquila.
that this pool is completely empty
que esta piscina está completamente vazia
is near freezing
no matter how hard I try.
por mais que tente.
trying to do before blacking out.
de tentar fazer antes de desmaiar.
had been chatting with two girls
estava a falar com duas raparigas
see or hear me struggle.
ver ou ouvir a lutar.
by a girl walking near the pool
que passava junto à piscina
I'm getting mouth-to-mouth
de me fazerem respiração boca-a-boca
to determine the extent of my brain loss.
para determinar o grau de danos cerebrais.
at the water's surface,
à superfície da água,
and come to save me.
e teria ido salvar-me.
because it illustrates
porque ilustra
when they're just beneath the surface.
quando estão debaixo da superfície.
gender bias in start-ups,
de género implícitos em "start-ups",
far more insidious than mere overt bias
do que meros preconceitos evidentes
towards an entrepreneur,
para com um empresário,
to do something about it.
de fazer algo sobre isso.
between investors and entrepreneurs
entre investidores e empresários
não temos consciência,
at Columbia Business School,
na Columbia Business School,
and raising money for my own start-up.
dinheiro para a minha própria "start-up".
to meet with prospective investors
para me reunir com possíveis investidores
that I had reluctantly pitched
dizendo que tinha persuadido
friend, colleague, angel investor
amigos, colegas, investidor-anjo
deste lado do Mississippi.
to all these investors,
com todos estes investidores,
interesting was happening.
interessante estava a acontecer.
set of questions than my male cofounder.
ao meu cofundador masculino.
that could go wrong with the venture
correr mal com este negócio
about our venture's home run potential
sobre o potencial do negócio
that could go right with the venture.
correr bem com este negócio.
we were going to bring on,
novos iríamos trazer,
to hang on to the ones we already had.
os que já tínhamos.
I found this to be rather odd.
achei isto estranho.
I was taking crazy pills.
a tomar comprimidos malucos.
rationalized it by thinking,
with how I'm presenting myself,
com a forma de me apresentar,
simply unique to my start-up.
decision to leave my start-up
decisão de deixar a minha "start-up"
of getting my PhD.
de fazer o doutoramento.
about a social psychological theory
uma teoria da Psicologia Social
called "regulatory focus,"
chamada "foco regulatório,"
two distinct motivational orientations
duas orientações motivacionais distintas
and advancement needs,
e evolução de necessidades
is concerned with losses
refere-se a perdas
responsibility and security needs.
e a necessidade de garantia.
for a prevention focus
para um caso de foco de prevenção
just to stay afloat,
só para nos mantermos ao de cima,
has us swimming in the right direction.
põem-nos a nadar na direcção certa.
of how far we can advance.
de quão longe podemos avançar.
when it dawned on me
quando me apercebi
posed to my male cofounder,
feitas ao meu cofundador,
those questions asked of me.
às perguntas que me faziam.
on start-up financing
sobre financiamento a "start-ups"
that male and female founders raise.
por fundadores homens e mulheres.
38 percent of US companies,
38% das companhias dos EUA,
of the venture funding.
do capital de investimento.
to any fundamental difference
a ver com uma diferença fundamental
started by men and women?
por homens e mulheres?
que os homens
in the questions that they get asked?
das perguntas que lhes são feitas?
to venture funding,
a capital de investimento,
of their start-up's home run potential.
os investidores
your investors' money.
o dinheiro dos investidores.
would be getting less funding than men
tenham menos financiamento que os homens
promotion-oriented dialogues.
orientados para a promoção.
to test this hypothesis
de testar esta hipótese
and funding needs across all years
e precisão de financiamento, durante anos,
known as TechCrunch Disrupt
conhecido por TechCrunch Disrupt
in New York City
tem realizado em Nova Iorque,
the ideal place for start-ups to launch,
para o lançamento de "start-ups",
that have since become household names,
que desde aí se tornaram nomes conhecidos,
most prominent VCs.
proeminentes VCs mundiais.
of companies in my sample,
das companhias na minha amostra,
to raise five times as much funding
conseguiram cinco vezes mais investimento
what's driving this gender disparity.
o que move esta disparidade de géneros.
both the pitches and the Q and A sessions
e das sessões de perguntas e respostas
and I had them transcribed.
e pedi para transcrevê-los.
of regulatory-focused terms
de termos regulamentares
and Word Count software called LIWC.
and Word Count, chamado LIWC.
generated the frequencies
in the transcribed text.
no texto transcrito.
and answers manually coded
e resposta codificadas manualmente
Research Lab at Columbia.
de Tory Higgins em Columbia.
in promotion or prevention.
em promoção ou prevenção.
I mentioned briefly earlier.
que mencionei antes.
para promoção deve soar assim:
do you plan to acquire this year?"
planeia angariar este ano?"
para prevenção soa assim:
your existing customers?"
os clientes existentes?"
that can affect their funding outcomes,
que pode afectar o resultado das verbas,
e as necessidades de financiamento
quality and funding needs
as controls in my analysis.
como controlos na minha análise.
entrepreneurs present their companies.
como os empresários falam das empresas.
and female entrepreneurs
tanto homens como mulheres,
of promotion and prevention language
de linguagem de promoção e prevenção
on the entrepreneur's side,
do lado dos empresários,
de perguntas e respostas
with the VCs after pitching.
com os VCs após a apresentação.
in these exchanges,
nestes diálogos,
showed significant support
mostraram apoio significativo
get asked promotion questions
perguntas de promoção
get asked prevention questions.
perguntas de prevenção.
of the questions posed
eram centradas em promoção
were promotion-focused,
entrepreneurs were prevention-focused.
feitas às empresárias
que os VCs homens.
and the venture-funding literature,
na literatura de capitais de investimento,
theory of homophily to hold here,
da homofilia se mantivesse aqui,
would favor male entrepreneurs
favorecessem empresários
for female entrepreneurs.
o mesmo às empresárias.
the same implicit gender bias
de risco exibiam preconceito de género
of the questions they posed
das perguntas colocadas
male entrepreneurs promotion questions
a empresários perguntas de promoção
female entrepreneurs prevention questions
às empresárias perguntas de prevenção,
that both male and female VCs
homens e mulheres VCs
preconceito de género,
on start-up funding outcomes?
no êxito do financiamento da "start-up"?
que tem um efeito significativo.
it has a significant effect.
das perguntas dos investidores
how well the start-ups would perform
quão bem as "start-ups" iriam actuar
iriam obter no mercado aberto.
went on to raise in the open market.
sobretudo sobre questões de promoção
predominantly promotion questions
seven times as much funding
sobre questões de prevenção.
responses to those questions,
a essas perguntas,
estão aptos a responder da mesma forma
are apt to respond in kind
begets a promotion response
recebe uma resposta de promoção
begets a prevention response.
recebe uma resposta de prevenção.
intuitive sense to all of us here,
in this context of venture funding.
no contexto de financiamento de risco.
uma pergunta de promoção,
gets asked a promotion question,
to reinforce his association
de reforçar a sua associação
of gains by responding in kind,
por responder da mesma forma,
gets asked a prevention question
uma pergunta de prevenção
aggravates her association
of losses by doing so.
de perdas, ao fazer isso.
preconceituosas dos capitalistas de risco,
capitalists' subsequent biased questions,
alimentam o ciclo de preconceitos
collectively fuel a cycle of bias
the gender disparity.
nas minhas descobertas.
a silver lining to my findings.
que conseguiram mudar o foco
who managed to switch focus
com respostas de promoção
with promotion answers
às perguntas de prevenção
to prevention questions
is that if you're asked a question
se vos for feita uma pergunta
your start-up's market share,
da vossa "start-up"
to frame your response
of the overall pie
global do mercado em geral.
to protect your sliver of that pie.
o vosso fragmento da quota de mercado.
e de tão rápida expansão
and fast-growing market
a atrair novos participantes.
increasing share in this market
a quota-parte neste mercado
unique assets."
da nossa 'start-up'."
into the favorable domain of gains.
para o domínio favorável de ganhos.
among start-ups that launched at TechCrunch
das "start-ups" lançadas na TechCrunch
that there's a correlational relationship
que há uma correlação
e o financiamento.
this difference in regulatory focus
a diferença no foco regulatório
como com pessoas comuns.
and ordinary people.
da TechCrunch Disrupt,
Disrupt environment,
quatro ficheiros áudio de 6 minutos
to four six-minute audio files
for promotion and prevention language,
para linguagem de promoção e prevenção.
para atribuir um valor de financiamento
to allocate a sum of funding
reinforced my findings from the field.
reforçaram as minhas descobertas de campo.
aos empresários perguntas de promoção
were asked promotion questions
were asked prevention questions.
eram feitas perguntas de prevenção.
where entrepreneurs switched
em que os empresários trocavam
when they received prevention questions
quando recebiam perguntas de prevenção
from both sets of participants.
de ambos os conjuntos de participantes.
coisas simples que podem fazer.
simple things you could do.
the question you're being asked.
a pergunta que vos está a ser feita.
à pergunta em questão,
the question at hand by all means,
a vossa resposta em promoção
your response in promotion
of funding for your start-ups.
mais elevado para as vossas "start-ups."
que avaliam "start-ups"
evaluating start-ups
gender bias in their questioning,
de género nas suas perguntas,
male entrepreneurs over female ones.
os empresários em vez das empresárias.
an opportunity here
e respostas de forma mais imparcial,
more even-handedly,
o mais correcto,
could do the right thing,
the quality of your decision making.
a qualidade da vossa tomada de decisão.
o potencial de todas as "start-ups"
on every start-up's potential
merecedoras, brilhem
start-ups to shine
beneath the surface.
sob a superfície.
to break this cycle
para quebrar este ciclo
no financiamento de "start-ups".
in start-up funding.
por homens ou mulheres,
they're led by men or women,
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Dana Kanze - ResearcherDana Kanze is a doctoral fellow at Columbia Business School where she applies behavioral insights to understand sources of inequality in entrepreneurship.
Why you should listen
Prior to embarking upon her PhD, Dana Kanze co-founded and ran a venture-funded startup for five years. Her experiences as a female entrepreneur and CEO inspired her to examine gender distinctions among founders. Her research embraces a mixed methods approach, combining field and archival studies that explore correlational relationships with controlled experiments that develop causal stories. Her work has been published in The Academy of Management and The Harvard Business Review and featured in Bloomberg, Business Insider, Entrepreneur, Forbes, Fortune and The Wall Street Journal, among others. Kanze graduated magna cum laude with a BS in economics from The Wharton School and began her career as an investment banker and strategic consultant.
Dana Kanze | Speaker | TED.com