Dana Kanze: The real reason female entrepreneurs get less funding
Dana Kanze: Voilà pourquoi les femmes entrepreneurs sont moins subventionnées
Dana Kanze is a doctoral fellow at Columbia Business School where she applies behavioral insights to understand sources of inequality in entrepreneurship. Full bio
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into this beautifully still pool of water.
magnifique et tranquille piscine.
that this pool is completely empty
brutale que cette piscine est vide
is near freezing
no matter how hard I try.
malgré tous mes efforts.
trying to do before blacking out.
souviens avant de m’évanouir.
had been chatting with two girls
service discutait avec deux filles
see or hear me struggle.
ni m’entendre me débattre.
by a girl walking near the pool
marchant le long de la piscine
dans l’eau et m’a vue.
I'm getting mouth-to-mouth
je me retrouve à être réanimée
to determine the extent of my brain loss.
la sévérité de ma perte de conscience.
at the water's surface,
de l’eau,
and come to save me.
et serait venu me secourir.
because it illustrates
imminente car elle montre
when they're just beneath the surface.
lorsqu’elles sont juste sous la surface.
gender bias in start-ups,
homme-femme indirecte dans les start-ups,
far more insidious than mere overt bias
pour la même raison.
towards an entrepreneur,
envers un entrepreneur,
to do something about it.
between investors and entrepreneurs
investisseurs et entrepreneurs
ni voir ni entendre d’emblée ?
at Columbia Business School,
à la Columbia Business School,
and raising money for my own start-up.
des fonds pour ma propre start-up.
to meet with prospective investors
rencontré des investisseurs potentiels
mon entreprise.
that I had reluctantly pitched
friend, colleague, angel investor
amis, collègues, investisseurs et VC
to all these investors,
en parlant à tous ces investisseurs,
interesting was happening.
set of questions than my male cofounder.
bien différente qu’à mon cofondateur.
that could go wrong with the venture
qui pouvait mal tourner dans l’entreprise
pour les investisseurs,
about our venture's home run potential
sur le potentiel de notre société
that could go right with the venture.
se passer pour l’entreprise.
we were going to bring on,
nouveaux clients nous allions apporter,
to hang on to the ones we already had.
conserver ceux que l’on avait déjà.
I found this to be rather odd.
j’ai trouvé ça plutôt étrange.
I was taking crazy pills.
l’impression d’halluciner.
rationalized it by thinking,
en pensant :
with how I'm presenting myself,
la manière dont je me présente »
simply unique to my start-up.
de propre à ma start-up ».
decision to leave my start-up
le choix difficile de quitter ma start-up
of getting my PhD.
celui d’obtenir mon doctorat.
about a social psychological theory
d’une théorie de psychologie sociale
called "regulatory focus,"
nommée « orientation régulatrice »
two distinct motivational orientations
deux orientations motivationnelles
se focalise sur les gains
and advancement needs,
et besoins d’évolution professionnelle,
is concerned with losses
porte sur les pertes
responsibility and security needs.
la responsabilité et la protection.
for a prevention focus
être orienté prévention
just to stay afloat,
du sur-place pour assurer notre survie,
has us swimming in the right direction.
fait avancer dans la bonne direction.
of how far we can advance.
jusqu’où nous pouvons aller.
when it dawned on me
lorsque j’ai réalisé que
posed to my male cofounder,
posées à mon cofondateur,
those questions asked of me.
s’apparentait plus aux miennes.
on start-up financing
sur le financement des start-ups
that male and female founders raise.
par les fondateurs homme et femme.
38 percent of US companies,
ont été fondées par des femmes,
of the venture funding.
des financements.
to any fundamental difference
n’était pas dû à un contraste majeur
par des hommes et des femmes ?
started by men and women?
moins de fonds que les hommes
in the questions that they get asked?
questions qui leur sont posées ?
financer des entreprises à risque,
to venture funding,
of their start-up's home run potential.
l’argent de l’investisseur.
your investors' money.
would be getting less funding than men
reçoivent moins de fonds que les hommes
promotion-oriented dialogues.
plutôt que sur la promotion.
to test this hypothesis
de tester cette hypothèse
and funding needs across all years
et aux besoins de financement
known as TechCrunch Disrupt
connu sous le nom de Start-up Battlefield,
in New York City
the ideal place for start-ups to launch,
l’endroit idéal pour lancer une start-up,
that have since become household names,
sont devenus célèbres depuis,
most prominent VCs.
certains des VC les plus en vue.
of companies in my sample,
les sociétés dans mon jeu de données,
to raise five times as much funding
ont récolté cinq fois plus de fonds
what's driving this gender disparity.
cette disparité entre les sexes.
both the pitches and the Q and A sessions
toutes les vidéos de présentation
and I had them transcribed.
of regulatory-focused terms
d’orientation régulatrice
and Word Count software called LIWC.
Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC).
generated the frequencies
in the transcribed text.
dans la transcription.
and answers manually coded
chaque question-réponse
Research Lab at Columbia.
Tory Higgins à Columbia.
s’inscrire dans le concept de promotion
in promotion or prevention.
I mentioned briefly earlier.
citée plus tôt.
do you plan to acquire this year?"
projetez-vous d’acquérir cette année ? »
elle devient :
your existing customers?"
préserver votre clientèle existante ? »
les informations de base
that can affect their funding outcomes,
susceptibles d’affecter leur financement,
quality and funding needs
de financement de la start-up,
as controls in my analysis.
comme points de contrôle pour mon analyse.
entrepreneurs present their companies.
présentent leur société.
and female entrepreneurs
et femmes entrepreneurs
of promotion and prevention language
de promotion que de prévention
on the entrepreneur's side,
ne vient pas des entrepreneurs,
des investisseurs
with the VCs after pitching.
à la suite de leur pitch.
de 2 000 questions-réponses
in these exchanges,
showed significant support
get asked promotion questions
ont des questions axées promotion,
get asked prevention questions.
sont testées sur la prévention.
of the questions posed
car cela représente respectivement
were promotion-focused,
entrepreneurs were prevention-focused.
and the venture-funding literature,
étant omniprésente dans les médias
theory of homophily to hold here,
le financement, je m’attendais à ce que
would favor male entrepreneurs
les entrepreneurs
for female entrepreneurs.
envers les entrepreneuses.
the same implicit gender bias
font preuve du même sexisme tacite
of the questions they posed
usant de l’orientation régulatrice,
et les candidates.
male entrepreneurs promotion questions
questions de promotion aux entrepreneurs
female entrepreneurs prevention questions
en termes de prévention,
that both male and female VCs
on start-up funding outcomes?
sur le financement des start-ups ?
it has a significant effect.
que l’impact est conséquent.
how well the start-ups would perform
le rendement des start-ups
went on to raise in the open market.
qu’elles ont levés sur le marché libre.
predominantly promotion questions
posé des questions de promotion
seven times as much funding
responses to those questions,
des entrepreneurs
are apt to respond in kind
les ajustent habilement
begets a promotion response
l’orientation de la question
begets a prevention response.
intuitive sense to all of us here,
in this context of venture funding.
lorsqu’il s’agit de financement VC.
gets asked a promotion question,
dans le concept de promotion,
to reinforce his association
d’être fortement associé au profit
of gains by responding in kind,
gets asked a prevention question
interrogée dans l’idée de prévention
aggravates her association
of losses by doing so.
en s’adaptant pourtant elle aussi...
capitalists' subsequent biased questions,
d’autres questions biaisées des VC,
collectively fuel a cycle of bias
alimentent ce cycle de préjugés
the gender disparity.
la disparité entre les sexes.
a silver lining to my findings.
dans mes découvertes.
who managed to switch focus
qui ont réussi à détourner
with promotion answers
avec des réponses axées sur la promotion
to prevention questions
leurs réponses.
is that if you're asked a question
posait une question
your start-up's market share,
de votre start-up,
to frame your response
of the overall pie
de croissance du marché global,
to protect your sliver of that pie.
vous protégeriez votre propre part.
and fast-growing market
si vaste et si actif
d’attirer de nouveaux venus.
increasing share in this market
une part croissante du marché
unique assets."
into the favorable domain of gains.
la conversation vers le profit.
among start-ups that launched at TechCrunch
pour les start-ups lancées à TechCrunch,
le terrain ne révèlent qu’une corrélation
that there's a correlational relationship
et le financement.
this difference in regulatory focus
dans l’orientation motivationnelle
and ordinary people.
et les personnes lambda.
Disrupt environment,
de l’environnement TechCrunch,
to four six-minute audio files
quatre extraits de six minutes chacun,
for promotion and prevention language,
de promotion et de prévention.
to allocate a sum of funding
d’attribuer un montant
comme bon leur semblait.
reinforced my findings from the field.
mes constats faits sur le terrain.
were asked promotion questions
à des questions de promotion
were asked prevention questions.
des questions de prévention.
where entrepreneurs switched
changer le cours de l’entretien
when they received prevention questions
à des questions de prévention,
from both sets of participants.
de tous les participants VC.
qui m’entendent,
simple things you could do.
sur ce que vous pourriez faire.
the question you're being asked.
la question qui vous est posée.
à une question de prévention ?
the question at hand by all means,
quoiqu’il arrive,
your response in promotion
votre réponse sur la promotion
of funding for your start-ups.
plus élevés pour financer vos start-ups.
evaluating start-ups
évaluant les start-ups
gender bias in their questioning,
du même sexisme implicite
male entrepreneurs over female ones.
les entrepreneurs
an opportunity here
more even-handedly,
de manière plus juste ;
could do the right thing,
de faire ce qu’il s’impose,
the quality of your decision making.
la qualité de votre prise de décision.
on every start-up's potential
et leurs risques de pertes,
start-ups to shine
les start-ups de briller
beneath the surface.
quelque chose sous la surface.
to break this cycle
de briser ce cycle
in start-up funding.
le financement de start-ups.
les plus prometteuses,
they're led by men or women,
par un homme ou une femme,
grandir et prospérer.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Dana Kanze - ResearcherDana Kanze is a doctoral fellow at Columbia Business School where she applies behavioral insights to understand sources of inequality in entrepreneurship.
Why you should listen
Prior to embarking upon her PhD, Dana Kanze co-founded and ran a venture-funded startup for five years. Her experiences as a female entrepreneur and CEO inspired her to examine gender distinctions among founders. Her research embraces a mixed methods approach, combining field and archival studies that explore correlational relationships with controlled experiments that develop causal stories. Her work has been published in The Academy of Management and The Harvard Business Review and featured in Bloomberg, Business Insider, Entrepreneur, Forbes, Fortune and The Wall Street Journal, among others. Kanze graduated magna cum laude with a BS in economics from The Wharton School and began her career as an investment banker and strategic consultant.
Dana Kanze | Speaker | TED.com