TEDWomen 2013
Krista Donaldson: The $80 prosthetic knee that's changing lives
Krista Donaldson: Lutut palsu berharga USD80 yang dapat mengubah kehidupan
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Beberapa tahun kebelakangan ini, kita telah menghasilkan teknologi yang amat canggih, tetapi selalunya hanya orang-orang yang bernasib baik yang dapat menikmatinya. Jurutera, Krista Donaldson, memperkenalkan ReMotion Knee, iaitu lutut palsu untuk orang yang telah menjalani amputasi sehingga bahagian atas lutut. Pendapatan harian bagi kebanyakan daripada mereka ini kurang daripada USD4. Reka bentuk lutut palsu ini mempunyai teknologi yang bertaraf dunia tetapi ia lebih murah daripada lutut palsu lain di pasaran.
Krista Donaldson - Engineer
Krista Donaldson is the CEO of D-Rev, a non-profit product development company improving the health and incomes of people around the world. Full bio
Krista Donaldson is the CEO of D-Rev, a non-profit product development company improving the health and incomes of people around the world. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Nine years ago, I worked
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Sembilan tahun yang lalu,
saya bekerja
saya bekerja
00:14
for the U.S. government in Iraq,
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untuk kerajaan Amerika di Iraq.
00:16
helping rebuild the electricity infrastructure.
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Saya membantu membina semula
infrastruktur elektrik.
infrastruktur elektrik.
00:19
And I was there, and I worked in that job
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Saya bekerja di situ
00:22
because I believe that technology
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kerana saya percaya
bahawa teknologi
bahawa teknologi
00:24
can improve people's lives.
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dapat meingkatkan
kualiti kehidupan.
kualiti kehidupan.
00:27
One afternoon, I had tea with a storekeeper
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Pada suatu petang, saya minum teh
bersama seorang penjaga stor
bersama seorang penjaga stor
00:29
at the Al Rasheed Hotel in Baghdad,
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di Hotel Al Rasheed, Baghdad.
00:32
and he said to me, "You Americans,
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Dia beritahu saya,
"Orang Amerika
"Orang Amerika
00:35
you can put a man on the moon,
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mampu hantar orang ke bulan,
00:36
but when I get home tonight,
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tapi apabila saya
balik ke rumah nanti,
balik ke rumah nanti,
00:38
I won't be able to turn on my lights."
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saya tidak dapat
hidupkan lampu rumah."
hidupkan lampu rumah."
00:41
At the time, the U.S. government had spent
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Pada masa itu,
kerajaan Amerika telah belanjakan
kerajaan Amerika telah belanjakan
00:42
more than two billion dollars
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lebih daripada USD2 juta
00:45
on electricity reconstruction.
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dalam pembinaan semula elektrik.
00:47
How do you ensure technology reaches users?
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Bagaimanakah kita pastikan teknologi
sampai kepada pengguna?
sampai kepada pengguna?
00:50
How do you put it in their hands
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Apakah yang perlu kita buat
00:52
so that it is useful?
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agar ia berguna?
00:55
So those are the questions that my colleagues and I
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Soalan-soalan inilah yang
rakan sekerja saya dan saya
rakan sekerja saya dan saya
00:58
at D-Rev ask ourselves.
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fikirkan di D-Rev.
01:00
And D-Rev is short for Design Revolution.
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D-Rev ialah singkatan
bagi "Design Revolution".
bagi "Design Revolution".
01:03
And I took over the organization four years ago
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Saya ambil alih organisasi itu
4 tahun yang lalu
4 tahun yang lalu
01:05
and really focused it on developing products
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dan tumpukan pada cara
untuk membangunkan produk
untuk membangunkan produk
01:08
that actually reach users,
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yang dapat sampai
kepada pengguna.
kepada pengguna.
01:10
and not just any users,
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Ia bukannya untuk sesiapa saja,
01:11
but customers who live on
less than four dollars a day.
less than four dollars a day.
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tapi mereka yang tiada
USD4 pun sehari.
USD4 pun sehari.
01:16
One of the key areas we've been working on recently
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Baru-baru ini,
kami menumpukan pada
kami menumpukan pada
01:17
is medical devices, and while it may not be obvious
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alat perubatan.
Mungkin nampaknya
Mungkin nampaknya
01:20
that medical devices have something in common
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ia tidak berkaitan dengan
01:22
with Iraq's electricity grid then,
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bekalan elektrik di Iraq,
01:25
there are some commonalities.
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sebenarnya, ia berkaitan.
01:27
Despite the advanced technology,
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Walaupun terdapat
teknologi yang canggih,
teknologi yang canggih,
01:29
it's not reaching the people who need it most.
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ia tidak sampai kepada orang
yang memerlukannya.
yang memerlukannya.
01:32
So I'm going to tell you about one of
the projects we've been working on,
the projects we've been working on,
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Saya akan bercakap tentang
01:35
the ReMotion Knee, and it's a prosthetic knee
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projek ReMotion Knee,
iaitu sebuah lutut
iaitu sebuah lutut
01:38
for above-knee amputees.
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untuk mereka yang
telah menjalani amputasi.
telah menjalani amputasi.
01:40
And this project started when
the Jaipur Foot Organization,
the Jaipur Foot Organization,
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Projek ini bermula apabila
Jaipur Foot Organization,
Jaipur Foot Organization,
01:43
the largest fitter of prosthetic limbs in the world,
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pemasang kaki palsu
terbesar di dunia,
terbesar di dunia,
01:46
came to the Bay Area and they said,
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pergi ke Bay Area dan berkata,
01:47
"We need a better knee."
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"Kami perlukan lutut
yang lebih baik."
yang lebih baik."
01:50
Chances are, if you're living on
less than four dollars a day,
less than four dollars a day,
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Bagi orang yang
tiada USD4 pun sehari,
tiada USD4 pun sehari,
01:53
and you're an amputee,
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dan telah menjalani amputasi,
01:55
you've lost your limb in a vehicle accident.
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mungkin dia kehilangan
kakinya dalam kemalangan,
kakinya dalam kemalangan,
01:57
Most people think it's land mines,
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tapi banyak orang ingat sebabnya
ranjau letupan darat.
ranjau letupan darat.
01:59
but it's a vehicle accident.
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tapi banyak orang ingat sebabnya
ranjau letupan darat.
ranjau letupan darat.
02:00
You're walking by the side of the road
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Mungkin orang itu
berjalan di tepi jalan
berjalan di tepi jalan
02:02
and you're hit by a truck,
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dan dilanggar trak,
02:04
or you're trying to to jump on a moving train,
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atau cuba melompat
ke atas kereta api
ke atas kereta api
02:05
you're late for work, and your pant leg gets caught.
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dia lewat ke tempat kerja,
dan kaki seluarnya tersangkut.
dan kaki seluarnya tersangkut.
02:09
And the reality is that if
you don't have much money,
you don't have much money,
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Jika dia tiada wang yang cukup,
02:13
like this young named Kamal right here,
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seperti anak muda ini, Kamal,
02:15
the option you really have
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dia cuma boleh
02:17
is a bamboo staff to get around.
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gunakan penyokong buluh
untuk membantunya bergerak.
untuk membantunya bergerak.
02:19
And how big a problem is this?
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Betapa seriusnya masalah ini?
02:22
There's over three million amputees every year
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Setiap tahun, lebih daripada
3 juta orang menjalani amputasi
3 juta orang menjalani amputasi
02:25
who need a new or replacement knee.
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dan memerlukan
lutut yang baru.
lutut yang baru.
02:28
And what are their options?
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Apakah pilihan yang mereka ada?
02:30
This is a high-end. This is
what we'd call a "smart knee."
what we'd call a "smart knee."
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Ini "lutut pintar"
yang sangat canggih.
yang sangat canggih.
02:32
It's got a microprocessor inside.
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Terdapat mikropemproses di dalam.
02:34
It can pretty much do anything,
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Ia sangat membantu,
tapi harganya USD20,000.
tapi harganya USD20,000.
02:37
but it's 20,000 dollars,
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Ia sangat membantu,
tapi harganya USD20,000.
tapi harganya USD20,000.
02:38
and to give you a sense of who wears this,
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Rasanya anda tahu
siapa yang mampu membelinya.
siapa yang mampu membelinya.
02:40
veterans, American veterans coming
back from Afghanistan or Iraq
back from Afghanistan or Iraq
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Veteran perang yang balik dari
Afghanistan atau Iraq
Afghanistan atau Iraq
02:44
would be fit with something like this.
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mampu membelinya.
02:46
This is a low-end titanium knee.
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Ini lutut yang tidak canggih.
02:49
It's a polycentric knee, and all that that means
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Ia lutut polisentrik.
02:51
is the mechanism, is a four-bar mechanism,
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Ia mempunyai
mekanisme empat bar
mekanisme empat bar
02:53
that mimics a natural human knee.
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yang meniru lutut manusia.
02:56
But at 1,400 dollars, it's still too expensive
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Harganya USD1,400.
Ia masih terlalu mahal
Ia masih terlalu mahal
02:58
for people like Kamal.
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bagi orang seperti Kamal.
03:01
And lastly, here you see a low-end knee.
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Akhirnya, ini satu lagi
lutut yang tidak canggih.
lutut yang tidak canggih.
03:03
This is a knee that's been designed specifically
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Ia direka khas untuk
03:05
for poor people.
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orang miskin.
03:07
And while you have affordability,
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Ia tidak mahal,
03:09
you've lost on functionality.
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tapi fungsinya kurang.
03:10
The mechanism here is a single axis,
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Ia cuma mempunyai satu paksi,
03:13
and a single axis is like a door hinge.
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seperti engsel pintu.
03:15
So you can think about how unstable that would be.
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Jadi, ia sangat tidak stabil.
03:18
And this is the type of mechanism
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Inilah mekanisme
yang pernah digunakan
yang pernah digunakan
03:20
that the Jaipur Foot Organization was using
when they were looking for a better knee,
when they were looking for a better knee,
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Jaipur Foot Organization.
03:23
and I just wanted to give you a sense
of what a leg system looks like,
of what a leg system looks like,
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Saya mahu jelaskan
sistem kaki kepada anda,
sistem kaki kepada anda,
03:26
because I'm showing you all these knees
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kerana saya bercakap tentang lutut.
03:27
and I imagine it's hard to think
how it all fits together.
how it all fits together.
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Saya tahu anda
sukar membayangkannya.
sukar membayangkannya.
03:29
So at the top you have a socket,
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Ini soket.
03:32
and this fits over someone's residual limb,
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Kaki residual
dimasukkan ke sini.
dimasukkan ke sini.
03:33
and everyone's residual limb is a little bit different.
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Kaki residual setiap orang
adalah berbeza.
adalah berbeza.
03:36
And then you have the knee,
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Ini lutut.
03:37
and here I've got a single axis on the knee
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Terdapat satu paksi di sini.
03:39
so you can see how it rotates,
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Anda boleh lihat
bagaimana ia bergerak.
bagaimana ia bergerak.
03:41
and then a pylon, and then a foot.
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Ini pilon dan kaki.
03:45
And we've been able to develop a knee,
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Kami telah berjaya membangunkan
03:47
a polycentric knee, so that type of knee
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lutut polisentrik.
03:49
that acts like a human knee, mimics human gait,
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Ia meniru gaya jalan kaki manusia.
03:52
for 80 dollars retail.
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Harganya USD80.
03:55
(Applause)
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(Tepukan)
03:58
But the key is, you can have this great invention,
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Walaupun mekanisme ini tercipta
04:01
you can have this great design, but how do you get it
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dan reka bentuknya baik,
tapi bagaimana caranya
tapi bagaimana caranya
04:03
to the people who most need it?
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ia sampai kepada
mereka yang memerlukannya?
mereka yang memerlukannya?
04:05
How do you ensure it gets to them
and it improves their lives?
and it improves their lives?
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Bagaimana ia meningkatkan
kualiti kehidupan mereka?
kualiti kehidupan mereka?
04:08
So at D-Rev, we've done some other projects,
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Di D-Rev, kami telah
mengusahakan projek lain,
mengusahakan projek lain,
04:11
and we looked at three things that we really believe
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dan kami menumpukan pada
3 perkara yang kami percaya
3 perkara yang kami percaya
04:13
gets technologies to customers, to users,
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membawa teknologi kepada orang
04:17
to people who need it.
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yang memerlukannya.
04:19
And the first thing is that the product
needs to be world class.
needs to be world class.
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Perkara pertama,
produk kami mesti bertaraf dunia.
produk kami mesti bertaraf dunia.
04:21
It needs to perform on par
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Ia mesti setanding dengan
04:23
or better than the best products on the market.
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atau lebih baik daripada
produk terbaik di pasaran.
produk terbaik di pasaran.
04:26
Regardless of your income level,
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Tak kira tahap berpendapatan anda,
04:28
you want the most beautiful,
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anda mahukan produk yang
04:30
the best product that there is.
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tercantik dan terbaik.
04:32
I'm going to show you a video now
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Saya akan tunjukkan sebuah video.
04:36
of a man named Ash. You can see him walking.
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Dia Ash.
04:37
He's wearing the same knee system here
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Dia memakai sistem lutut
04:39
with a single axis knee.
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yang mempunyai satu paksi.
04:41
And he's doing a 10-meter walk test.
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Dia sedang mengujinya
sejauh 10 meter.
sejauh 10 meter.
04:43
And you'll notice that he's struggling
with stability as he's walking.
with stability as he's walking.
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Anda dapat lihat bahawa
kestabilannya tidak baik.
kestabilannya tidak baik.
04:47
And something that's not obvious, that you can't see,
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Apa yang anda
tidak dapat lihat ialah,
tidak dapat lihat ialah,
04:49
is that it's psychologically draining
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dari segi psikologi,
ia agak memenatkan
ia agak memenatkan
04:52
to walk and to be preventing yourself from falling.
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untuk berjalan dan cuba
mengelakkan diri terjatuh.
mengelakkan diri terjatuh.
04:56
Now this is a video of Kamal.
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Dia Kamal.
04:58
You remember Kamal earlier,
holding the bamboo staff.
holding the bamboo staff.
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Dialah yang menggunakan
penyokong buluh tadi.
penyokong buluh tadi.
05:00
He's wearing one of the earlier versions of our knee,
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Dia memakai salah satu
versi awal produk kami,
versi awal produk kami,
05:03
and he's doing that same 10-meter walk test.
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dan dia sedang mengujinya
sejauh 10 meter.
sejauh 10 meter.
05:06
And you can see his stability is much better.
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Anda boleh lihat bahawa
kestabilannya lebih baik.
kestabilannya lebih baik.
05:11
So world class isn't just about
technical performance.
technical performance.
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Maksud bertaraf dunia bukan saja
dari segi prestasi teknikal,
dari segi prestasi teknikal,
05:14
It's also about human performance.
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ia juga dari segi
prestasi manusia.
prestasi manusia.
05:18
And most medical devices, we've learned,
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Banyak alat perubatan
05:20
as we've dug in, are really designed for Westerners,
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direka bentuk untuk orang barat,
05:22
for wealthier economies.
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untuk orang yang lebih kaya.
05:24
But the reality is our users, our customers,
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Tapi pada hakibatnya,
pelanggan kami
pelanggan kami
05:27
they do different things. They sit cross-legged more.
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adalah berbeza.
Mereka duduk bersila,
Mereka duduk bersila,
05:30
We see that they squat. They kneel in prayer.
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bercangkung dan berlutut
semasa bersembahyang.
semasa bersembahyang.
05:33
And we designed our knee to have
the greatest range of motion
the greatest range of motion
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Produk kami dapat
menyokong pelbagai
menyokong pelbagai
05:35
of almost any other knee on the market.
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jenis pergerakan
berbanding produk lain.
berbanding produk lain.
05:39
So the second thing we learned, and this leads
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Perkara kedua,
05:41
into my second point, which is that we believe
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kami percaya
bahawa reka bentuk
bahawa reka bentuk
05:43
that products need to be
designed to be user-centric.
designed to be user-centric.
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produk kami perlu
berpusatkan pengguna.
berpusatkan pengguna.
05:46
And at D-Rev, we go one step further and we say
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Di D-Rev, kami
mengutamakan pengguna kami.
mengutamakan pengguna kami.
05:49
you need to be user-obsessed.
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Di D-Rev, kami
mengutamakan pengguna kami.
mengutamakan pengguna kami.
05:51
So it's not just the end user
that you're thinking about,
that you're thinking about,
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Kami bukan saja memikirkan
tentang pengguna akhir,
tentang pengguna akhir,
05:53
but everyone who interacts with the product,
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malahan setiap orang yang
berkaitan dengan produk itu.
berkaitan dengan produk itu.
05:55
so, for example, the prosthetist who fits the knee,
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Contohnya,
pengguna produk kami
pengguna produk kami
05:58
but also the context in which the knee is being fit.
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dan konteks
di mana ia dipakai.
di mana ia dipakai.
06:01
What is the local market like?
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Bagaimanakah keadaan
pasaran tempatan?
pasaran tempatan?
06:03
How do all these components get to the clinic?
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Bagaimanakah semua komponen ini
sampai ke klinik?
sampai ke klinik?
06:05
Do they all get there on time? The supply chain.
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Adakah bekalan sampai
tepat pada masanya?
tepat pada masanya?
06:07
Everything that goes into ensuring
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Semuanya untuk memastikan
06:09
that this product gets to the end user,
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bahawa produk ini sampai
kepada pengguna akhir,
kepada pengguna akhir,
06:11
and it goes in as part of the system, and it's used.
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dan ia menjadi sebahagian
daripada sistem dan digunakan.
daripada sistem dan digunakan.
06:15
So I wanted to show you some of the iterations
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Saya mahu tunjukkan
beberapa pengubahsuaian
beberapa pengubahsuaian
06:17
we did between the first version, the Jaipur Knee,
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yang telah dibuat pada
versi yang pertama, Jaipur Knee.
versi yang pertama, Jaipur Knee.
06:22
so this is it right here.
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Ini dia.
06:24
(Clicking)
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(Bunyi klik)
06:25
Notice anything about it?
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Adakah anda perasan?
06:28
It clicks.
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Bunyi klik.
06:30
We'd seen that users had actually modified it.
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Terdapat pengguna yang
cuba mengubahsuainya.
cuba mengubahsuainya.
06:33
So do you see that black strip right there?
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Anda nampak benda hitam itu?
06:37
That's a homemade noise dampener.
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Ia peredam bunyi
buatan sendiri.
buatan sendiri.
06:40
We also saw that our users had modified it
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Pengguna lain juga mengubahsuainya
06:42
in other ways.
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dengan cara lain.
06:43
You can see there that that particular amputee,
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Orang ini telah
membalut kakinya
membalut kakinya
06:45
he had wrapped bandages around the knee.
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dengan kain pembalut.
06:47
He'd made a cosmesis.
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Dia mencantikkannya.
06:49
And if you look at the knee,
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Lihatlah lutut ini.
06:51
it's got those pointy edges, right?
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Ia berbentuk segi empat, kan?
06:55
So if you're wearing it under pants or a skirt
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Jika anda memakai
seluar, skirt
seluar, skirt
06:57
or a sari, it's really obvious
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atau sari, ia agak ketara
06:59
that you're wearing a prosthetic limb,
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bahawa anda memakai
lutut palsu.
lutut palsu.
07:01
and in societies where there's social
stigma around being disabled,
stigma around being disabled,
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Dalam masyarakat yang mempunyai
stigma sosial terhadap orang kurang upaya,
stigma sosial terhadap orang kurang upaya,
07:05
people are particularly acute about this.
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mereka amat sensitif terhadap hal ini.
07:08
So I'm going to show you some
of the modifications we did.
of the modifications we did.
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Saya akan tunjukkan
pengubahsuaian yang kami buat.
pengubahsuaian yang kami buat.
07:10
We did a lot of iterations, not just
around this, but some other things.
around this, but some other things.
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Saya akan tunjukkan
pengubahsuaian yang kami buat.
pengubahsuaian yang kami buat.
07:13
But here we have the version three,
the ReMotion Knee,
the ReMotion Knee,
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Ini versi ketiga,
ReMotion Knee.
ReMotion Knee.
07:16
but if you look in here, you can see
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Anda dapat lihat
07:17
the noise dampener. It's quieter.
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ini peredam bunyi.
Ia lebih senyap.
Ia lebih senyap.
07:22
The other thing we did is that
we smoothed the profile.
we smoothed the profile.
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Ia tidak lagi
berbentuk segi empat.
berbentuk segi empat.
07:26
We made it thinner.
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kami telah mengubahnya.
07:27
And something that's not obvious is that we
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Selain itu,
kami mengeluarkannya
kami mengeluarkannya
07:29
designed it for mass production.
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secara besar-besaran.
07:32
And this goes into my last point.
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Akhirnya, perkara ketiga.
07:34
We really, truly believe that if a product
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Kami benar-benar percaya
bahawa jika sesuatu produk itu
bahawa jika sesuatu produk itu
07:36
is going to reach users at the scale that it's needed,
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perlu sampai kepada
banyak pengguna,
banyak pengguna,
07:38
it needs to be market-driven,
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maka ia perlu dipasarkan.
07:40
and market-driven means that products are sold.
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Maksudnya,
produk itu perlu dijual.
produk itu perlu dijual.
07:43
They're not donated. They're not heavily subsidized.
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Ia tidak didermakan. Ia tidak
diberikan subsidi yang tinggi.
diberikan subsidi yang tinggi.
07:46
Our product needs to be designed to offer value
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Produk kami perlu
memberikan nilai
memberikan nilai
07:48
to the end user.
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kepada pengguna akhir.
07:50
It also has to be designed to be very affordable.
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Pengguna perlu berasa selesa
semasa memakainya.
semasa memakainya.
07:52
But a product that is valued by a customer
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Produk yang bernilai
07:54
is used by a customer,
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akan digunakan oleh pelanggan,
07:56
and use is what creates impact.
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dan penggunaanlah
yang mendatangkan kesan.
yang mendatangkan kesan.
07:58
And we believe that as designers,
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Sebagai pereka,
kami percaya bahawa
kami percaya bahawa
08:00
it holds us accountable to our customers.
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kami perlu bertanggungjawab
terhadap pelanggan kami.
terhadap pelanggan kami.
08:03
And with centralized manufacturing,
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Dengan pengeluaran terpusat,
08:06
you can control the quality control,
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kami dapat mengawal
kualiti produk,
kualiti produk,
08:08
and you can hit that $80 price point
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dan harga USD80
mendatangkan keuntungan.
mendatangkan keuntungan.
08:09
with profit margins built in.
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dan harga USD80
mendatangkan keuntungan.
mendatangkan keuntungan.
08:12
And now, those profit margins are critical,
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Keuntungan adalah penting
08:14
because if you want to scale, if you want to reach
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kerana jika produk itu
disasarkan kepada
disasarkan kepada
08:16
all the people in the world who possibly need a knee,
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semua orang di dunia ini
yang memerlukan lutut palsu,
yang memerlukan lutut palsu,
08:18
it needs to be economically sustainable.
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maka harganya mesti
dapat ditampung pembeli.
dapat ditampung pembeli.
08:21
So I want to give you a sense of where we are at.
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Saya mahu bercakap
tentang pencapaian kami.
tentang pencapaian kami.
08:24
We have fit over 5,000 amputees,
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Kami telah memasang
lutut palsu untuk 5,000 orang.
lutut palsu untuk 5,000 orang.
08:27
and one of the big indicators
we're looking at, of course,
we're looking at, of course,
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Salah satu perkara yang
kami ingin tahu ialah,
kami ingin tahu ialah,
08:30
is, does it improve lives?
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adakah ia meningkatkan
kualiti kehidupan?
kualiti kehidupan?
08:31
Well, the standard is, is someone
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Piawaiannya ialah,
adakah seseorang itu
adakah seseorang itu
08:33
still wearing their knee six months later?
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masih memakai lutut palsunya
selepas 6 bulan?
selepas 6 bulan?
08:36
The industry average is about 65 percent.
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Kadar purata dalam industri ini
adalah kira-kira 65%.
adalah kira-kira 65%.
08:38
Ours is 79 percent,
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Kadar kami ialah 79%,
08:41
and we're hoping to get that higher.
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dan kami berharap
ia akan meningkat.
ia akan meningkat.
08:44
Right now, our knees are worn in 12 countries.
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Kini, lutut palsu kami
dipakai di 12 buah negara.
dipakai di 12 buah negara.
08:47
This is where we want to get, though,
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Kami mempunyai sasaran
08:48
in the next three years.
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untuk 3 tahun seterusnya.
08:50
We'll double the impact in 2015,
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Kami mahu gandakannya
pada tahun 2015,
pada tahun 2015,
08:52
and we'll double it each of
the following years after that.
the following years after that.
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begitu juga pada
tahun-tahun berikutnya.
tahun-tahun berikutnya.
08:55
But then we hit a new challenge,
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Tapi, kami berdepan
dengan satu cabaran,
dengan satu cabaran,
08:57
and that's the number of skilled prosthetists
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iaitu jumlah pemakai
08:59
who are able to fit knees.
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yang tahu memakai lutut palsu.
09:02
So I want to end with a story of Prinima.
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Akhirnya, saya mahu
bercakap tentang Prinima.
bercakap tentang Prinima.
09:05
Prinima was 18 years old
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Prinima berusia 18 tahun
09:07
when she was in a car accident
where she lost her leg,
where she lost her leg,
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semasa dia kemalangan
dan kehilangan sebelah kaki.
dan kehilangan sebelah kaki.
09:10
and she traveled 12 hours by train
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Dia menaiki kereta api
selama 12 jam
selama 12 jam
09:13
to come to the clinic to be fit with a knee,
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untuk pergi ke klinik agar
lutut palsunya boleh dipasang.
lutut palsunya boleh dipasang.
09:15
and while all of the amputees who wear our knees
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Pemakai lutut palsu kami
09:18
affect us as the designers,
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telah meninggalkan kesan
pada para pereka.
pada para pereka.
09:20
she's particularly meaningful to me
as an engineer and as a woman,
as an engineer and as a woman,
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Bagi saya, sebagai jurutera dan wanita,
kes Prinima sangat bermakna
kes Prinima sangat bermakna
09:24
because she was in school,
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kerana dia seorang pelajar.
09:26
she had just started school to study engineering.
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Dia baru memulakan
pengajian kejuruteraan.
pengajian kejuruteraan.
09:29
And she said, "Well, now that I can walk again,
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Dia berkata, "Oleh sebab
saya boleh berjalan semula,
saya boleh berjalan semula,
09:31
I can go back and complete my studies."
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saya boleh balik dan
menamatkan pengajian saya."
menamatkan pengajian saya."
09:33
And to me she represents the next generation
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Bagi saya, dia mewakili
generasi jurutera seterusnya
generasi jurutera seterusnya
09:36
of engineers solving problems
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yang dapat menyelesaikan masalah
09:39
and ensuring meaningful technologies
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dan memastikan
teknologi yang bermakna
teknologi yang bermakna
09:42
reach their users.
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sampai kepada pengguna.
09:44
So thank you.
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Terima kasih.
09:46
(Applause)
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(Tepukan)
Reviewed by PF Ng
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Krista Donaldson - EngineerKrista Donaldson is the CEO of D-Rev, a non-profit product development company improving the health and incomes of people around the world.
Why you should listen
Prosthetic limbs are expensive and complex, and they must be fit to each individual -- yet having a replacement for a lost limb can mean the difference between working and not, having a social life and not. So, Krista Donaldson and her team at the nonprofit design firm, D-Rev, are attacking the problem on several fronts, from re-engineering the moving parts, to exploring way-new materials that replace expensive titanium, to forming deep local partnerships for distribution and maintenance around the world.
It's the kind of work that D-Rev does; with a mission "to improve the health and incomes of people living on less than $4 per day," their motto is "Design for the other 90%." Taking a truly user-centered approach that could be summarized as "Listen before you build."
As Donaldson wrote in a paper for the WEF: "The world is confounded by difficult problems in healthcare that are ripe for innovative solutions. The information most needed for these solutions ... is readily available -- from the users. They need to be asked: How can we solve X? What is your experience with Y? Instead of focusing on asking people in developing countries to change their behavior, those of us who work in healthcare should sit up and listen to what they have to say."
Krista Donaldson | Speaker | TED.com