ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Margaret Gould Stewart - User experience master
At Facebook (and previously at YouTube), Margaret Gould Stewart designs experiences that touch the lives of a large percentage of the world's population.

Why you should listen

Margaret Gould Stewart has spent her career asking, “How do we design user experiences that change the world in fundamental ways?” It's a powerful question that has led her to manage user experiences for six of the ten most visited websites in the world, including Facebook, where she serves as Director of Product Design.

Before joining Facebook, Margaret managed the User Experience Team for YouTube, where she oversaw the largest redesign in the company's history, including the YouTube player page. She came to YouTube after two years leading Search and Consumer Products UX at Google. She approaches her work with a combined appreciation for timeless great design and transient digital technologies, and always with the end goal of improving people's lives. As she says: "Design is creativity in service of others."

More profile about the speaker
Margaret Gould Stewart | Speaker | TED.com
TED2010

Margaret Gould Stewart: How YouTube thinks about copyright

Margaret Gould Stewart: Korleis YouTube ser på copyright

Filmed:
941,966 views

Margaret Gould Stewart, sjef for brukaroppleving fra YouTube, snakkar om korleis den allestadsnærverande videosida arbeider med opphavsrettsinnehavarar og skaparar for å fostra (i beste fall) eit kreativt økosystem der alle vinn.
- User experience master
At Facebook (and previously at YouTube), Margaret Gould Stewart designs experiences that touch the lives of a large percentage of the world's population. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:15
So, if you're in the audience today,
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Så, viss du er ein av publikum i dag,
00:17
or maybe you're watching this talk in some other time or place,
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eller kanskje du ser på dette føredraget seinare ein annan stad,
00:20
you are a participant in the digital rights ecosystem.
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så er du ein deltakar i økosystemet av digitale rettar.
00:23
Whether you're an artist, a technologist,
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Anten du er ein artist, ein teknolog,
00:25
a lawyer or a fan,
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ein advokat eller ein fan,
00:27
the handling of copyright directly impacts your life.
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har praktiseringa av opphavsretten noko å seia for livet ditt.
00:30
Rights management is no longer
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No er ikkje styringa av rettane
00:32
simply a question of ownership,
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berre eit spørsmål om eigarskap.
00:35
it's a complex web of relationships
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Det er ein kompleks vev av samband
00:37
and a critical part of our cultural landscape.
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og ein kritisk del av det kulturelle landskapet vårt.
00:40
YouTube cares deeply about the rights of content owners,
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YouTube er djupt opptatt av rettane til innhaldseigarane.
00:43
but in order to give them choices about what they can do
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Men for å gje dei høve til å velja kva dei kan gjera
00:45
with copies, mashups and more,
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med kopiar, mash-ups og meir,
00:48
we need to first identify
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må me først identifisera
00:50
when copyrighted material is uploaded to our site.
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kva tid materiale med opphavsrett blir lasta opp på sida vår.
00:53
Let's look at a specific video so you can see how it works.
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La oss sjå på éin video så de kan få sjå korleis det virkar.
00:56
Two years ago, recording artist Chris Brown
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For to år sidan, utgav plateartisten Chris Brown
00:58
released the official video of his single "Forever."
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den offisielle video til singelen hans "Forever".
01:01
A fan saw it on TV,
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Ein fan såg han på TV,
01:03
recorded it with her camera phone,
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tok han opp med mobilkameraet hennar,
01:05
and uploaded it to YouTube.
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og lasta han opp på YouTube.
01:08
Because Sony Music had registered Chris Brown's video
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Men, fordi Sony Music hadde registrert videoen til Chris Brown,
01:11
in our Content ID system,
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i systemet vårt for innhaldsidentifikasjon,
01:13
within seconds of attempting to upload the video,
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tok det berre få sekund etter forsøket på å lasta opp videoen,
01:15
the copy was detected,
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før videoen blei sletta.
01:17
giving Sony the choice of what to do next.
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Dette gav Sony høvet til å velja kva dei ville gjera.
01:20
But how do we know that the user's video was a copy?
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Men korleis veit me at videoen til brukaren er ein kopi?
01:23
Well, it starts with content owners
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Vel, det startar med at innhaldseigarane
01:25
delivering assets into our database,
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leverer eigendeler inn i databasen vår,
01:27
along with a usage policy
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saman med reglar for bruken.
01:29
that tells us what to do when we find a match.
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Dette fortel oss kva me skal gjera viss me finn ein match.
01:33
We compare each upload
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Me samanliknar kvar enkelt opplasting
01:35
against all of the reference files in our database.
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mot alle referansefilene i databasen vår.
01:38
This heat map is going to show you
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Dette varmekartet vil visa dykk
01:40
how the brain of the system works.
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korleis hjernen i systemet virkar.
01:42
Here we can see the original reference file
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Her kan me sjå den originale referansefila
01:44
being compared to the user generated content.
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bli samanlikna med brukaren som laga innhaldet.
01:48
The system compares every moment
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Systemet samanliknar kvart tilfelle
01:50
of one to the other to see if there's a match.
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frå den eine til den andre for å sjå om det er ein match.
01:52
This means that we can identify a match
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Dette tyder at me kan identifisera ein match
01:54
even if the copy used is just a portion of the original file,
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sjølv om kopien berre er ein del av den originale fila,
01:57
plays it in slow motion
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spelar han i sakte fart,
01:59
and has degraded audio and video quality.
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og har dårleg kvalitet på lyd og bilete.
02:02
And we do this every time
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Vi gjer dette kvar gong
02:04
that a video is uploaded to YouTube.
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ein video blir lasta opp på YouTube.
02:06
And that's over 20 hours of video every minute.
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Og det er over 20 timar video kvart minutt.
02:09
When we find a match,
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Når me finn ein match,
02:11
we apply the policy that the rights owner has set down.
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bruker me vilkåra som opphavrettsinnhavaren har sett ned.
02:15
And the scale and the speed of this system
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Og storleiken og farten på dette systemet
02:18
is truly breathtaking.
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er verkeleg til å ta pusten frå deg.
02:20
We're not just talking about a few videos,
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Me snakkar ikkje berre om nokre få videoar
02:23
we're talking about over
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Me snakkar om over
02:25
100 years of video every day,
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100 år med videoar kvar dag.
02:28
between new uploads and the legacy scans
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For kvar nye opplasting, blir opphavet deira skanna,
02:30
we regularly do across all of the content on the site.
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og samanlikna med alt innhaldet på sida vår.
02:34
When we compare those hundred years of video,
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Og når me samanliknar dei hundre åra med video,
02:36
we're comparing it against millions
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samanliknar me dei med millionar
02:38
of reference files in our database.
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av referansefilar i databasen vår.
02:40
It would be like 36,000 people
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Det ville vera som om 36.000 menneske
02:42
staring at 36,000 monitors
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skulle sjå på 36000 skjermar
02:45
each and every day, without so much as a coffee break.
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kvar og einaste dag, utan ein einaste kaffipause.
02:48
Now, what do we do when we find a match?
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Men, kva gjer me viss me finn ein match?
02:51
Well, most rights owners, instead of blocking,
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Vel, mesteparten av innhaldseigarane,
02:54
will allow the copy to be published.
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vil tillata at kopien blir publisert i staden for å blokkera for han.
02:56
And then they benefit through the exposure,
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Dei tener på visninga,
02:58
advertising and linked sales.
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reklamen og kan gje lenkjer som fører til sal.
03:01
Remember Chris Brown's video "Forever"?
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Hugsar de Chris Brown-videoen "Forever"?
03:03
Well, it had its day in the sun and then it dropped off the charts,
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Den hadde sine dagar i sola, men så droppa han ut av salslistene.
03:05
and that looked like the end of the story,
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Og dette såg ut til å vera slutten på historia.
03:08
but sometime last year, a young couple got married.
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Men ein eller annan gong i fjor, eit ungt par gifta seg.
03:10
This is their wedding video.
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Dette er bryllaupsvideoen deira.
03:12
You may have seen it.
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Du har kanskje sett han.
03:14
(Music)
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(Musikk)
03:16
What's amazing about this is,
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Det som er fantastisk med dette,
03:18
if the processional of the wedding was this much fun,
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viss bryllaupsprosesjonen var så gøy,
03:20
can you imagine how much fun the reception must have been?
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kan du tenkja deg kor gøy det må ha vore å sjå dei koma inn?
03:22
I mean, who are these people?
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Eg meiner, kven er desse folka?
03:24
I totally want to go to that wedding.
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Eg ville verkeleg vera i det bryllaupet.
03:27
So their little wedding video went on
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Denne vesle bryllaupsvideoen deira
03:29
to get over 40 million views.
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klarte å få over 40 millionar visningar.
03:32
And instead of Sony blocking,
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Og i staden for at Sony blokkerte,
03:34
they allowed the upload to occur.
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tillét dei opplastinga.
03:36
And they put advertising against it
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Og dei putta på reklame på han,
03:38
and linked from it to iTunes.
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og linka frå han til iTunes.
03:40
And the song, 18 months old,
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Og songen, 18 månader gamal,
03:43
went back to number four on the iTunes charts.
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gjekk tilbake til fjerdeplass over mest selde på iTunes.
03:46
So Sony is generating revenue from both of these.
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Så Sony tener pengar på begge desse.
03:49
And Jill and Kevin, the happy couple,
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Og Jill og Kevin, det glade paret,
03:51
they came back from their honeymoon
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dei kom tilbake frå bryllaupsreisa,
03:53
and found that their video had gone crazy viral.
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og fann ut at videoen deira hadde tatt heilt av.
03:55
And they've ended up on a bunch of talk shows,
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Og dei enda opp i ein haug av underhaldningsprogram.
03:58
and they've used it as an opportunity to make a difference.
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Og dei brukte videoen som eit høve til å gjera ein forskjell.
04:00
The video's inspired over 26,000 dollars in donations
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Videoen inspirerte til over 26.000 dollar i donasjonar
04:03
to end domestic violence.
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for å få slutt på vald i heimen.
04:05
The "JK Wedding [Entrance] Dance" became so popular
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Og "JK Wedding Entrance Dance" blei så populær
04:08
that NBC parodied it on the season finale of "The Office,"
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at NBC parodierte han i sesongfinalen av "The Office",
04:11
which just goes to show,
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noko som viser at
04:13
it's truly an ecosystem of culture.
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det verkeleg er eit kulturelt økosystem.
04:16
Because it's not just amateurs borrowing from big studios,
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Fordi det ikkje berre er amatørar som låner frå store studio.
04:19
but sometimes big studios borrowing back.
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Nokre gonger låner store studio tilbake.
04:22
By empowering choice, we can create a culture of opportunity.
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Ved å gje høve til å velja, kan me laga ein kultur av nye høve.
04:25
And all it took to change things around
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Og alt som ein trong gjera for å endra ting
04:27
was to allow for choice through rights identification.
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var å gje høve for val gjennom idenfisering av rettar.
04:30
So why has no one ever solved this problem before?
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Så, kvifor har ingen løyst dette problemet før?
04:33
It's because it's a big problem,
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Det er fordi det er eit stort problem,
04:35
and it's complicated and messy.
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som er komplisert og rotete.
04:37
It's not uncommon for a single video
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Det er ikkje uvanleg at ein enkelt video
04:39
to have multiple rights owners.
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har fleire innhaldseigarar.
04:41
There's musical labels.
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Det er plateselskap.
04:43
There's multiple music publishers.
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Det er utgjevarar av musikk.
04:45
And each of these can vary by country.
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Og kvar av desse kan variera mellom land.
04:47
There's lots of cases
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Og det er mange tilfelle
04:49
where we have more than one work mashed together.
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der fleire verk er sett saman.
04:51
So we have to manage many claims
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Så me må forhalda oss til mange krav
04:53
to the same video.
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til den same videoen.
04:55
YouTube's Content ID system addresses all of these cases.
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Identifikasjonssystemet til YouTube forheld seg til alle desse spørsmåla.
04:58
But the system only works through
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Men systemet fungerer berre gjennom
05:00
the participation of rights owners.
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deltakinga av opphavsrettsinnehavarane.
05:02
If you have content that others are uploading to YouTube,
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Viss du har innhald som andre lastar opp på YouTube,
05:05
you should register in the Content ID system,
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bør du registrera det i identifikasjonssystemet for innhald.
05:07
and then you'll have the choice
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Og då får du velja
05:09
about how your content is used.
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korleis innhaldet ditt skal bli brukt.
05:11
And think carefully about the policies that you attach to that content.
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Og tenk nøye gjennom vilkåra som du lagar for bruken av innhaldet.
05:14
By simply blocking all reuse,
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Ved å blokkera for all gjenbruk,
05:16
you'll miss out on new art forms,
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vil du mista nye kunstformer,
05:18
new audiences,
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nye publikummarar,
05:20
new distribution channels
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nye distribusjonskanalar
05:22
and new revenue streams.
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og nye måtar å tena pengar.
05:24
But it's not just about dollars and impressions.
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Men det handlar ikkje berre om pengar og visningar.
05:27
Just look at all the joy
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Berre sjå på all gleda
05:29
that was spread through progressive rights management
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som blei spreidd gjennom framtidsretta praktisering av innhaldsrettar
05:31
and new technology.
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og ny teknologi.
05:33
And I think we can all agree that joy is definitely an idea worth spreading.
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Og eg tenkjer at glede definitivt er ein ide som er verdt å spreia.
05:36
Thank you.
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Takk skal de ha!
05:38
(Applause)
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(Applaus)
Reviewed by Martin Hassel

▲Back to top

ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Margaret Gould Stewart - User experience master
At Facebook (and previously at YouTube), Margaret Gould Stewart designs experiences that touch the lives of a large percentage of the world's population.

Why you should listen

Margaret Gould Stewart has spent her career asking, “How do we design user experiences that change the world in fundamental ways?” It's a powerful question that has led her to manage user experiences for six of the ten most visited websites in the world, including Facebook, where she serves as Director of Product Design.

Before joining Facebook, Margaret managed the User Experience Team for YouTube, where she oversaw the largest redesign in the company's history, including the YouTube player page. She came to YouTube after two years leading Search and Consumer Products UX at Google. She approaches her work with a combined appreciation for timeless great design and transient digital technologies, and always with the end goal of improving people's lives. As she says: "Design is creativity in service of others."

More profile about the speaker
Margaret Gould Stewart | Speaker | TED.com

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