Teresa Bejan: Is civility a sham?
Teresa Bejan: Czy uprzejmość to fikcja?
Teresa Bejan writes about political theory, bringing historical perspectives to bear on contemporary questions. Full bio
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a book about civility,
książkę o uprzejmości,
American presidential election,
to come and talk about civility
żeby rozmawiać o uprzejmości
in American politics.
that book about civility
tę książkę o uprzejmości,
that civility is ...
że uprzejmość to...
like a highly uncivil thing to say,
of civility and religious tolerance
uprzejmości i tolerancji religijnej
that there is a virtue of civility,
it's actually absolutely essential,
a wręcz jest absolutnie niezbędna,
that promise not only to protect diversity
obiecują chronić różnorodność,
even hateful disagreements
nawet pełne nienawiści konflikty,
for "unpleasant."
Thomas Hobbes pointed out
of disagreement is offensive.
It works like this:
that you are so very, very wrong?
że ty tak bardzo się mylisz?
come to a different conclusion
you must be stupid,
of your disagreeing with me
że się ze mną nie zgadzasz,
to my views, but to my intelligence, too.
ale i inteligencji.
when the disagreements at stake
gdy w grę wchodzą konflikty,
consider to be fundamental,
dla nas fundamentalne znaczenie,
or to our identities.
czy to dla naszej tożsamości.
of popular culture, at the dinner table,
polityki popkultury przy stole,
really, seriously disagree about,
their opponents in the controversy.
częścią ich tożsamości.
those fundamental disagreements
fundamentalne nieporozumienia
that tolerant societies
propose to tolerate,
historically, at least,
przynajmniej historycznie,
the happy-clappy communities of difference
tak sielankowe i różnorodne,
where people have to hold their noses
despite their mutual contempt.
pomimo obustronnej pogardy.
from studying religious tolerance
podczas badań tolerancji religijnej
that the virtue that makes
if you will, possible,
our disagreements tolerable
że da się znosić nieporozumienia,
even if we don't share a faith --
nawet bez podzielania poglądów
talk about civility today --
mówi dzisiaj o uprzejmości,
about civility a lot --
possible to tolerate disagreement
która umożliwia tolerowanie nieporozumień,
engage with our opponents,
a strategy of disengagement.
strategią na wycofanie się.
to take your ball and go home
i pójdzie do domu
the sin of our opponents.
własne złe zachowanie,
sudden-onset amnesia,
as an appropriate response
ze strony przeciwników.
who is set out to destroy
kto chce zniszczyć
that most of today's big civility talkers
że większość orędowników uprzejmości
civility actually entails.
is simply a synonym for respect,
to po prostu synonim szacunku,
that to accuse someone of incivility
że oskarżenie kogoś o nieuprzejmość
than calling them impolite,
niż nazwanie go niegrzecznym,
is to be potentially intolerable
może być o wiele bardziej nieznośna
to accuse them of incivility,
oskarżenie o nieuprzejmość,
that they are somehow beyond the pale,
engaging with at all.
wdawać się w dyskusję.
that makes fundamental disagreement
sometimes occasionally productive.
really, really difficult.
bardzo, bardzo trudna.
complete bullshit,
kompletną bzdurą,
about civility.
have been warning us for decades now
od lat ostrzegają,
is facing a crisis of civility,
on technological developments,
talk radio, social media.
of disagreement,
that the first modern crisis of civility
że pierwszy nowożytny kryzys uprzejmości
named Martin Luther
profesora teologii, Marcina Lutra,
in communications technology,
z ówczesnej nowinki technicznej,
the Protestant Reformation.
reformację protestancką.
as the Twitter of the 16th century,
jak o Twitterze XVI wieku,
jako o pierwszym trollu.
i.e. Catholic, opponents.
wrogów, czyli katolików.
clutched their pearls
łapali się za serce
they gave as good as they got
"protestant",
as an insult.
civility talk, then as now,
o uprzejmości, i wtedy i teraz,
your opponent for going low,
za niski poziom wypowiedzi,
of the moral high ground
sets up the speaker
while implicitly, subtly stigmatizing
subtelnie stygmatyzując każdego,
to disagree as uncivil.
becomes a really effective way
stały się skutecznym narzędziem
outside of the established church,
wykluczania dysydentów poza Kościół,
against the status quo.
przeciwko statusowi quo.
could lecture atheists
pouczali ateistów
of shaking hands.
zwyczaj ściskania dłoni.
pretexts for persecution.
do prześladowań.
protesters in the 20th century.
praw obywatelskich w XX wieku.
why partisans on both sides of the aisle
obu stron sięgają po ten,
frankly, antiquated,
that certain people and certain views
i pewne poglądy są niżej krytyki,
themselves the trouble
tend to roll our eyes
jak ja, przewracają oczami,
conversational virtue begin,
do tej wartości w konwersacji,
our social and political divisions,
społeczne i polityczne podziały,
is actually making the problem worse.
chyba tylko pogłębia problem.
of actually speaking to each other,
prawdziwego dialogu,
past each other or at each other
nad głową rozmócy lub do niego,
which side we're on.
po której jesteśmy stronie.
one might be forgiven, as I did,
chyba można wybaczyć każdemu,
tyle gadania o uprzejmości to bzdury,
so much civility talk is bullshit,
must be bullshit, too.
historical perspective goes a long way.
early modern crisis of civility
wczesnonowożytny kryzys uprzejmości,
to protect disagreement
chronić nieporozumienia,
was the virtue of civility.
była właśnie uprzejmość.
for us to share a life,
that is perhaps less aspirational
who talk about civility a lot today
"mere civility."
wartość "zwykłą uprzejmością".
that allows us to get through
która pozwala przetrwać
of the other party.
is to meet a low bar grudgingly,
to zgoda na niskie wymagania
that's meant to help us disagree,
która ma pomóc nam się nie zgadzać
all those centuries ago,
for a reason.
oznacza "nieprzyjemności".
what exactly is civility or mere civility?
i nie może być to samo,
as being respectful or polite,
when we're dealing with those people
do radzenia sobie z ludźmi,
or maybe even impossible, to respect.
jest bardzo trudny lub nawet niemożliwy.
can't be the same as being nice,
to nie to samo, co bycie miłym,
people what you really think about them
means not pulling our punches,
że nie wstrzymujemy się od uderzeń,
not landing all those punches all at once,
nie uderzamy z pełną siłą,
to disagree fundamentally,
nawet fundamentalnej,
the possibility of a common life tomorrow
opcji dalszego współżycia
are standing in our way today.
stoją nam na drodze.
civility is actually closely related
jest blisko spokrewniona
to make yourself disagreeable,
calling bullshit on people's civility talk
czyjegoś gadania o uprzejmości,
from studying the long history
religijnej w XVII wieku
in the 17th century, it's this:
by uniknąć konfrontacji,
as a way to avoid an argument,
in the more agreeable company
w mniej konfliktowym towarzystwie
who already agree with you,
never actually speaking to anyone
disagrees with you,
fundamentalnie się z tobą nie zgadza,
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Teresa Bejan - Political theorist, authorTeresa Bejan writes about political theory, bringing historical perspectives to bear on contemporary questions.
Why you should listen
Teresa Bejan is Associate Professor of Political Theory and Fellow of Oriel College at the University of Oxford. She received her PhD with distinction from Yale in 2013 and was awarded the American Political Science Association's 2015 Leo Strauss Award for the best dissertation in political philosophy. In 2016 she was elected as the final Balzan-Skinner Fellow in Modern Intellectual History at Cambridge. Her inaugural lecture, "Acknowledging Equality," can be viewed here. Bejan publishes regularly in popular and scholarly venues and has taught at universities across the US, Canada, and the UK.
Bejan's first book, Mere Civility: Disagreement and the Limits of Toleration (Harvard University Press, 2017) was called "penetrating and sophisticated" by the New York Times, and her work has been featured on PBS, WNYC, CBC radio, Philosophy Bites and other podcasts. In addition to her many articles in academic journals and edited volumes, she has written on free speech and civility for The Atlantic and The Washington Post.
Teresa Bejan | Speaker | TED.com