TED2010
Temple Grandin: The world needs all kinds of minds
Temple Grandin: Lumea are nevoie de toate tipurile de gandire
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Temple Grandin, diagnosed with autism as a child, talks about how her mind works -- sharing her ability to "think in pictures," which helps her solve problems that neurotypical brains might miss. She makes the case that the world needs people on the autism spectrum: visual thinkers, pattern thinkers, verbal thinkers, and all kinds of smart geeky kids.
Temple Grandin - Livestock handling designer, autism activist
Through groundbreaking research and the lens of her own autism, Temple Grandin brings startling insight into two worlds. Full bio
Through groundbreaking research and the lens of her own autism, Temple Grandin brings startling insight into two worlds. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
I think I'll start out and just talk a little bit about
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Cred ca voi incepe prin a vorbi un pic despre
00:17
what exactly autism is.
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ce inseamna autismul mai exact.
00:19
Autism is a very big continuum
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Autismul este un continuum foarte mare
00:22
that goes from very severe -- the child remains non-verbal --
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care merge de la o extrema foarte severa, in care copilul ramane non-verbal,
00:25
all the way up to brilliant scientists and engineers.
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si pana la cealalta extrema, unde intalnim oameni de stiinta si ingineri stralucitori.
00:28
And I actually feel at home here,
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De fapt, ma simt foarte comfortabil aici.
00:30
because there's a lot of autism genetics here.
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Pentru ca exista foarte mult material genetic autistic aici.
00:32
You wouldn't have any...
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N-ati avea nici...
00:34
(Applause)
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(Aplauze)
00:38
It's a continuum of traits.
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Este un spectru continuu de trasaturi.
00:40
When does a nerd turn into
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Cand se transforma un ciudat intr-o persoana cu
00:43
Asperger, which is just mild autism?
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Asperger, care este o forma usoara de autism?
00:45
I mean, Einstein and Mozart
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Vreau sa spun ca Einstein si Mozart
00:48
and Tesla would all be probably diagnosed
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si Tesla, toti ar fi fost probabil diagnosticati in ziua de azi
00:50
as autistic spectrum today.
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ca fiind autisti.
00:52
And one of the things that is really going to concern me is
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Iar unul din lucrurile care ma preocupa cu adevarat este
00:55
getting these kids to be the ones that are going to invent
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cum sa ii facem pe acesti copii sa fie cei care vor inventa
00:58
the next energy things,
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lucrurile legate de energia viitorului,
01:00
you know, that Bill Gates talked about this morning.
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despre care Bill Gates a vorbit azi dimineata.
01:04
OK. Now, if you want to understand
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Bun. Acum, daca vreti sa intelegeti
01:06
autism, animals.
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autismul, animalele.
01:08
And I want to talk to you now about different ways of thinking.
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Si vreau sa va vorbesc despre diverse moduri de gandire.
01:10
You have to get away from verbal language.
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Trebuie sa va indepartati de limbajul verbal.
01:13
I think in pictures,
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Eu gandesc in imagini.
01:15
I don't think in language.
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Eu nu gandesc in cuvinte.
01:18
Now, the thing about the autistic mind
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Acum, ideea cu mintea autistica
01:20
is it attends to details.
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este ca se concentreaza pe detalii.
01:23
OK, this is a test where you either have to
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Bun, acesta este un test unde trebuie fie sa
01:25
pick out the big letters, or pick out the little letters,
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alegi literele mari, fie sa alegi literele mai mici.
01:27
and the autistic mind picks out the
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Iar mintea autistica alege
01:29
little letters more quickly.
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literele mai mici mult mai repede.
01:31
And the thing is, the normal brain ignores the details.
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Ideea este ca un creier normal ignora detaliile.
01:35
Well, if you're building a bridge, details are pretty important
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Acum, daca vrei sa construiesti un pod, detaliile sunt importante
01:37
because it will fall down if you ignore the details.
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pentru ca podul se va darama daca ignori detaliile.
01:40
And one of my big concerns with a lot of policy things today
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Una din marile mele framantari legate de politicile din ziua astazi
01:43
is things are getting too abstract.
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este ca lucrurile tind sa devina prea abstracte.
01:45
People are getting away from doing
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Oamenii se indeparteaza de
01:47
hands-on stuff.
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lucrul manual.
01:49
I'm really concerned that a lot of the schools have taken out
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Sunt ingrijorata ca o multime de scoli au eliminat
01:51
the hands-on classes,
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orele de lucru manual
01:53
because art, and classes like that,
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findca orele de arta si altele similare
01:55
those are the classes where I excelled.
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au fost orele la care am fost foarte buna.
01:57
In my work with cattle,
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OK, in munca mea cu vitele,
01:59
I noticed a lot of little things that most people don't notice
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am observat ca o multime de lucruri marunte pe care majoritatea oamenilor nu le sesizeaza.
02:02
would make the cattle balk. Like, for example,
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le fac pe vite sa se opreasca. Cum ar fi de exemplu
02:04
this flag waving, right in front of the veterinary facility.
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aces steag care flutura chiar in fata clinicii veterinare.
02:07
This feed yard was going to tear down their whole veterinary facility;
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Ei se gandeau sa demoleze intreaga cladire veterinara,
02:10
all they needed to do was move the flag.
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cand tot ce a fost nevoie sa se faca a fost sa se mute steagul.
02:12
Rapid movement, contrast.
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Miscare rapida, contrast.
02:15
In the early '70s when I started, I got right down
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La inceputul anilor '70, cand am inceput, intram direct
02:17
in the chutes to see what cattle were seeing.
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in canalele acestea ca sa vad ce vedeau vitele.
02:19
People thought that was crazy. A coat on a fence would make them balk,
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Oamenii credeau ca sunt nebuna. O simpla haina pe un gard le facea pe vite sa se opreasca si sa nu mai inainteze.
02:22
shadows would make them balk, a hose on the floor ...
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Umbrele le faceau sa se opreasca, un furtun pe podea.
02:25
people weren't noticing these things --
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Oamenii nu observau aceste lucruri,
02:27
a chain hanging down --
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un lant atarnand,
02:29
and that's shown very, very nicely in the movie.
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si totul este prezentat foarte frumos in film.
02:31
In fact, I loved the movie, how they
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Chiar mi-a placut ca in film au
02:33
duplicated all my projects. That's the geek side.
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replicat toate proiectele mele. Aceea este
02:35
My drawings got to star in the movie too.
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Schitele mele au aparut si ele in film.
02:38
And actually it's called "Temple Grandin,"
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Iar filmul se cheama de fapt "Temple Grandin",
02:40
not "Thinking In Pictures."
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si nu "Gandind in imagini".
02:42
So, what is thinking in pictures? It's literally movies
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Deci, ce inseamna sa gandesti in imagini? Pur si simplu inseamna
02:44
in your head.
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sa ai filme in capul tau.
02:46
My mind works like Google for images.
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Mintea mea functioneaza ca un Google pentru imagini.
02:48
Now, when I was a young kid I didn't know my thinking was different.
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Cand eram copil nu stiam ca modul meu de gandire este diferit-
02:51
I thought everybody thought in pictures.
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Credeam ca toata lumea gandeste in imagini.
02:53
And then when I did my book, "Thinking In Pictures,"
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Iar apoi cand am scris cartea, "Gandind in imagini",
02:55
I start interviewing people about how they think.
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Am inceput sa iau interviuri oamenilor in legatura cu modul in care ei gandesc.
02:58
And I was shocked to find out that
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Si am fost socata sa aflu ca modul meu de gandire
03:00
my thinking was quite different. Like if I say,
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era destul de diferit. De exemplu, daca as spune,
03:02
"Think about a church steeple"
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"Ganditi-va la turnul unei biserici"
03:04
most people get this sort of generalized generic one.
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cei mai mult oameni se gandesc la unul foarte generic.
03:06
Now, maybe that's not true in this room,
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Acum, poate nu e adevarat pentru sala aceasta,
03:08
but it's going to be true in a lot of different places.
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dar e adevarat pentru o gramada de alte locuri.
03:12
I see only specific pictures.
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Eu vad doar imagini specifice.
03:14
They flash up into my memory, just like Google for pictures.
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Imi apar din memorie, exact ca in Google pentru imagini.
03:18
And in the movie, they've got a great scene in there
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Iar in film, exista o secventa nemaipomenita,
03:20
where the word "shoe" is said, and a whole bunch of '50s and '60s shoes
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unde cuvantul "pantof" este spus, iar eu imi imaginez
03:24
pop into my imagination.
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o gramada de pantofi din anii '50 si '60
03:26
OK, there is my childhood church,
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OK, exista biserica mea din copilarie.
03:28
that's specific. There's some more, Fort Collins.
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Asta e ceva specific. Inca una, Fort Collins.
03:31
OK, how about famous ones?
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OK, ce spuneti de cele faimoase?
03:33
And they just kind of come up, kind of like this.
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Si pur si simplu imi apar in minte, in genul acesta.
03:36
Just really quickly, like Google for pictures.
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Foarte repede, ca Google pentru imagini.
03:39
And they come up one at a time,
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Si imi apar una cate una.
03:41
and then I think, "OK, well maybe we can have it snow,
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Iar apoi ma gandesc, bine, poate am putea avea niste zapada,
03:43
or we can have a thunderstorm,"
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sau o furtuna cu fulgere si tunete,
03:45
and I can hold it there and turn them into videos.
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si le pot mentine acolo si transforma in filme.
03:48
Now, visual thinking was a tremendous asset
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Acum, gandirea vizuala a fost un lucru nemaipomenit de care am beneficiat
03:51
in my work designing cattle-handling facilities.
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in munca mea de proiectare a cladirilor pentru procesarea vitelor.
03:54
And I've worked really hard on improving
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Si am lucrat din greu pentru a imbunatati
03:56
how cattle are treated at the slaughter plant.
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modul in care vitele sunt tratate in abator.
03:58
I'm not going to go into any gucky slaughter slides.
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Nu va voi prezenta nici o imagine gretoasa de la abator.
04:01
I've got that stuff up on YouTube if you want to look at it.
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Puteti gasi pe Youtube tot ce am pus acolo daca sunteti interesati.
04:03
But, one of the things that I was able to do in my design work
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Dar, unul din lucrurile de care eram capabila in munca mea de proiectare
04:07
is I could actually test run
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era sa efectuez efectiv un test mental
04:09
a piece of equipment in my mind,
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al unei piese de echipament,
04:11
just like a virtual reality computer system.
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asa cum ar face-o un sistem computerizat de realitate virtuala.
04:14
And this is an aerial view
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Iar aceasta este o vedere aeriana
04:16
of a recreation of one of my projects that was used in the movie.
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a unei reproduceri dupa unul din proiectele mele care a fost folosit in film.
04:19
That was like just so super cool.
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A fost pur si simplu "super cool".
04:21
And there were a lot of kind of Asperger types
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Si erau o gramada de persoane cu Asperger,
04:23
and autism types working out there on the movie set too.
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si cu autism, care lucrau si ei acolo pe platoul de filmare.
04:26
(Laughter)
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(Rasete)
04:28
But one of the things that really worries me
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Dar unul dintre lucrurile care ma ingrijoreaza,
04:30
is: Where's the younger version of those kids going today?
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este directia in care se vor duce tinerii cu astfel de afectiuni in ziua de azi.
04:34
They're not ending up in Silicon Valley, where they belong.
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Nu vor ajunge in Silicon Valley, acolo unde le este locul.
04:37
(Laughter)
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(Rasete)
04:40
(Applause)
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(Aplauze)
04:45
Now, one of the things I learned very early on because I wasn't that social,
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Acum, unul din lucrurile pe care le-am invatat foarte devreme pentru ca nu eram prea sociala
04:48
is I had to sell my work, and not myself.
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a fost ca a trebuit sa imi promovez munca si nu persoana.
04:52
And the way I sold livestock jobs
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Iar modul in care mi-am vandut proiectele pentru vite
04:54
is I showed off my drawings, I showed off pictures of things.
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a fost ca mi-am aratat desenele, am aratat imagini cu aceste lucruri.
04:57
Another thing that helped me as a little kid
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Un alt lucru ce m-a ajutat ca mic copil
04:59
is, boy, in the '50s, you were taught manners.
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a fost ca in anii '50 erai invatata bunele maniere.
05:01
You were taught you can't pull the merchandise off the shelves
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Erai invatata ca nu puteai sa iei marfa depe rafturi
05:03
in the store and throw it around.
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din magazin si sa o arunci in jur.
05:05
Now, when kids get to be in third or fourth grade,
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Acum, cand copiii ajung in clasa a 3-a sau a 4-a,
05:08
you might see that this kid's going to be a visual thinker,
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probabil vei observa ca acel copil va deveni un ganditor vizual,
05:11
drawing in perspective. Now, I want to
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desenand in perspectiva. Acum, doresc sa
05:13
emphasize that not every autistic kid
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subliniez ca nu orice copil autistic
05:15
is going to be a visual thinker.
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va deveni un ganditor vizual.
05:17
Now, I had this brain scan done several years ago,
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Acum, am avut aceasta tomografie a creierului in urma cu cativa ani,
05:21
and I used to joke around about having a
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si obisnuiam sa glumesc ca aveam
05:23
gigantic Internet trunk line
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o linie gigantica de internet
05:25
going deep into my visual cortex.
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conectata adanc in cortexul meu vizual.
05:27
This is tensor imaging.
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Aceasta este imagine vectoriala.
05:29
And my great big internet trunk line
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Iar linia mea mareata de internet
05:31
is twice as big as the control's.
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este de doua ori mai mare decat cea a persoanei de referinta.
05:33
The red lines there are me,
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Liniile rosii sunt ale mele,
05:35
and the blue lines are the sex and age-matched control.
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iar cele albastre sunt pentru comparatii cu subiecti de aceeasi varsta si sex.
05:39
And there I got a gigantic one,
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Iar aici am avut una gigantica,
05:41
and the control over there, the blue one,
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iar persoana de referinta, cea albastra,
05:43
has got a really small one.
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are una foarte mica.
05:47
And some of the research now is showing
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Si exista studii care arata
05:49
is that people on the spectrum actually think with primary visual cortex.
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ca persoanele din spectul autismului gandesc de fapt cu cotexul vizual primar.
05:53
Now, the thing is, the visual thinker's just one kind of mind.
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Acum insa, ganditorul vizual reprezinta doar unul din tipurile mentale.
05:56
You see, the autistic mind tends to be a specialist mind --
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Vedeti dumneavoastra, mintea autistica tinde sa fie o minte specializata.
05:59
good at one thing, bad at something else.
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Buna la ceva, rea la altceva.
06:03
And where I was bad was algebra. And I was never allowed
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Iar eu am stat foarte prost la algebra. Si nu am fost niciodata
06:05
to take geometry or trig.
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lasata sa invat geometrie sau trigonometrie.
06:07
Gigantic mistake: I'm finding a lot of kids who need to skip algebra,
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Greseala gigantica. Descopar o gramada de copii care au nevoie sa sara peste algebra
06:10
go right to geometry and trig.
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si sa treaca direct la geometrie si trigonometrie.
06:12
Now, another kind of mind is the pattern thinker.
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Acum, un alt tip mental este ganditorul in tipare.
06:15
More abstract. These are your engineers,
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Mult mai abstract. Acestia sunt inginerii dumneavoastra,
06:17
your computer programmers.
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programatorii dumneavoastra pe calculator.
06:19
Now, this is pattern thinking. That praying mantis
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Acum, aceasta este gandirea in tipare. Acea calugarita
06:21
is made from a single sheet of paper --
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este creata dintr-o singura foaie de hartie.
06:23
no scotch tape, no cuts.
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fara banda adeziva, fara taieturi.
06:25
And there in the background is the pattern for folding it.
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Iar in fundal se afla tiparul pentru obtinerea ei.
06:28
Here are the types of thinking:
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Iata tipurile de gandire,
06:30
photo-realistic visual thinkers, like me;
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ganditori vizuali, ca si mine.
06:33
pattern thinkers, music and math minds.
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Ganditori in tipare, minti de muzicieni si matematicieni.
06:37
Some of these oftentimes have problems with reading.
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Unii dintre acestia au probleme cu cititul.
06:39
You also will see these kind of problems
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Puteti gasi astfel de probleme si la
06:41
with kids that are dyslexic.
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copii care sunt dislexici.
06:44
You'll see these different kinds of minds.
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Puteti gasi toate aceste tipuri diferite de gandire.
06:46
And then there's a verbal mind, they know every fact about everything.
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Iar apoi exista si gandirea verbal. Acestia stiu orice detaliu despre tot.
06:49
Now, another thing is the sensory issues.
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Acum, un alt lucru sunt aspectele senzoriale.
06:51
I was really concerned about having to wear this gadget on my face.
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Am fost foarte ingrijorata cand a trebuit sa port microfonul acesta pe fata.
06:55
And I came in half an hour beforehand
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Si am sosit cu jumatate de ora inainte
06:58
so I could have it put on and kind of get used to it,
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ca sa il port si sa ma obisnuiesc cu el.
07:00
and they got it bent so it's not hitting my chin.
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Si l-au indoit ca sa nu ma loveasca in barbie.
07:03
But sensory is an issue. Some kids are bothered by fluorescent lights;
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Dar senzorii sunt o problema. Unii copii sunt deranjati de lampi fluorescente;
07:06
others have problems with sound sensitivity.
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altii au probleme cu senzitivitatea la sunete.
07:09
You know, it's going to be variable.
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Stiti, variaza de la caz la caz.
07:12
Now, visual thinking gave me a whole lot of insight
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Acum, gandirea vizuala mi-a oferit destula perspectiva
07:16
into the animal mind.
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in modul de gandire al animalelor.
07:18
Because think about it: An animal is a sensory-based thinker,
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Si iata de ce. Un animal gandeste pe baza senzatiilor,
07:21
not verbal -- thinks in pictures,
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nu este verbal. Gandeste in imagini.
07:25
thinks in sounds, thinks in smells.
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Gandeste in sunete. Gandeste in mirosuri.
07:28
Think about how much information there is there on the local fire hydrant.
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Imaginati-va cata informatie se afla pe hidrantul de pe strada.
07:31
He knows who's been there, when they were there.
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Stie cine a fost acolo, cand a fost acolo,
07:34
Are they friend or foe? Is there anybody he can go mate with?
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daca este prieten sau dusman, daca este cineva cu care se va imperechea.
07:37
There's a ton of information on that fire hydrant.
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Exista o tona de informatii pe acel hidrant.
07:40
It's all very detailed information,
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Si este o informatie foarte detaliata.
07:44
and, looking at these kind of details
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Iar, uitandu-ma la toate aceste feluri de detalii
07:46
gave me a lot of insight into animals.
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am obtinut foarte multa intelegere in lumea animalelor.
07:48
Now, the animal mind, and also my mind,
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Acum, mintea unui animal, ca si mintea mea
07:52
puts sensory-based information
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aseaza informatia senzoriala
07:54
into categories.
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in categorii.
07:56
Man on a horse
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Om calare pe un cal,
07:58
and a man on the ground --
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si om la pamant,
08:00
that is viewed as two totally different things.
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aceste situatii sunt plasate in categorii diferite.
08:02
You could have a horse that's been abused by a rider.
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Ai putea avea un cal care a fost abuzat de un calaret.
08:05
They'll be absolutely fine with the veterinarian
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Astfel de cai nu ar avea absolut nimic cu un doctor veterinar,
08:07
and with the horseshoer, but you can't ride him.
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sau cu un potcovar, insa nimeni nu l-ar putea calari.
08:10
You have another horse, where maybe the horseshoer beat him up
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Ai putea avea un cal pe care probabil potcovarul l-a batut,
08:13
and he'll be terrible for anything on the ground,
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si ar avea mari probleme cu oricine aflat pe pamant,
08:15
with the veterinarian, but a person can ride him.
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cu un veterinar de exemplu, dar o persoana l-ar putea calari.
08:18
Cattle are the same way.
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Vitele sunt la fel.
08:20
Man on a horse,
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Om calare pe un cal,
08:22
a man on foot -- they're two different things.
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un om mergand pe jos, doua lucruri diferite.
08:24
You see, it's a different picture.
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Intelegeti, este o imagine diferita.
08:26
See, I want you to think about just how specific this is.
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Intelegeti, vreau sa va ganditi cat de specifice sunt aceste detalii.
08:29
Now, this ability to put information into categories,
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Acum, aceasta abilitate de a pune informatia in categorii,
08:33
I find a lot of people are not very good at this.
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aflu ca o gramada de oameni nu sunt prea buni la asa ceva.
08:36
When I'm out troubleshooting equipment
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Cand merg pe teren sa diagnostichez utilaje
08:38
or problems with something in a plant,
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sau probleme cu ceva in vreo fabrica,
08:40
they don't seem to be able to figure out, "Do I have a training people issue?
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oamenii se pare ca nu isi dau seama: "Avem probleme cu personalul, cu oamenii?
08:44
Or do I have something wrong with the equipment?"
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Sau avem probleme cu utilajul?"
08:46
In other words, categorize equipment problem
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Cu alte cuvinte, trebuie distins intre probleme de utilaj
08:48
from a people problem.
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si probleme cu oamenii care il folosesc.
08:50
I find a lot of people have difficulty doing that.
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Si aflu ca multi oameni au mari greutati sa faca asa ceva.
08:53
Now, let's say I figure out it's an equipment problem.
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Acum, sa presupunem ca aflu ca este o problema cu utilajul.
08:56
Is it a minor problem, with something simple I can fix?
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Este o problema minora, cu ceva simplu pe care il pot repara?
08:58
Or is the whole design of the system wrong?
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Sau este o problema cu intregul proiect al sistemului?
09:01
People have a hard time figuring that out.
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Oamenii au mari probleme sa inteleaga asa ceva.
09:04
Let's just look at something like, you know,
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Haideti sa ne uitam la ceva gen, stiti,
09:06
solving problems with making airlines safer.
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cum sa facem liniile aeriene mai sigure.
09:08
Yeah, I'm a million-mile flier.
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Da, am zburat mai mult de 1 milion de mile.
09:10
I do lots and lots of flying,
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Zbor foarte mult,
09:12
and if I was at the FAA,
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si daca as fi fost in FAA,
09:15
what would I be doing a lot of direct observation of?
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pe ce mi-as concentra majoritatea observatiilor?
09:19
It would be their airplane tails.
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Pe cozile avioanelor.
09:21
You know, five fatal wrecks in the last 20 years,
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Stiti, 5 accidente fatale in ultimii 20 de ani,
09:24
the tail either came off or steering stuff inside the tail broke
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fie coada s-a rupt, sau mecanismul de control din interior s-a rupt
09:28
in some way.
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in vreun fel.
09:30
It's tails, pure and simple.
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Pur si simplu, sunt cozile de vina.
09:32
And when the pilots walk around the plane, guess what? They can't see
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Iar cand pilotii inspecteaza avionul, ghiciti ce? Ei nu pot sa vada
09:34
that stuff inside the tail.
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ce este in interiorul cozii.
09:36
You know, now as I think about that,
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Stiti, cum stau acum si ma gandesc,
09:38
I'm pulling up all of that specific information.
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extrag toata acea informatia specifica din memorie.
09:41
It's specific. See, my thinking's bottom-up.
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Este specifica. Asa ca intelegeti, gandirea mea este de jos in sus.
09:44
I take all the little pieces and I put the pieces together like a puzzle.
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Iau toate aceste piese mici si le pun impreuna ca intr-un puzzle.
09:48
Now, here is a horse that was deathly afraid
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Acum, iata un cal caruia ii era frica de moarte
09:50
of black cowboy hats.
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de palarii negre de cowbow.
09:52
He'd been abused by somebody with a black cowboy hat.
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Fusese maltratat de cineva cu o palarie neagra de cowbow.
09:54
White cowboy hats, that was absolutely fine.
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Palarii albe de cowboy, cu ele nu avea nimic.
09:57
Now, the thing is, the world is going to need
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Acum, chestia este, lumea va avea nevoie
10:00
all of the different kinds of minds
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de toate tipurile de gandire
10:02
to work together.
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sa lucreze impreuna.
10:04
We've got to work on developing all these different kinds of minds.
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Va trebui sa lucram sa dezvoltam toate aceste tipuri de gandire.
10:07
And one of the things that is driving me really crazy,
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Iar unul dintre lucrurile ce pur si simplu ma scoate din sarite,
10:10
as I travel around and I do autism meetings,
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in timp ce calatoresc si merg la prezentari de autism,
10:12
is I'm seeing a lot of smart, geeky, nerdy kids,
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este ca vad o gramada de copii destepti si ciudati.
10:15
and they just aren't very social,
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Iar singura lor problema este ca nu sunt prea sociali.
10:18
and nobody's working on developing their interest
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Si nimeni nu lucreaza sa le dezvolte interesul
10:20
in something like science.
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in ceva cum ar fi stiinta.
10:22
And this brings up the whole thing of my science teacher.
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Iar asta imi aminteste toata povestea cu profesorul meu de stiinte naturale.
10:25
My science teacher is shown absolutely beautifully in the movie.
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Profesorul meu de stiinte naturale este prezentat nemaipomenit de frumos in film.
10:28
I was a goofball student. When I was in high school
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Eram o eleva aiurita. Cand eram in liceu
10:30
I just didn't care at all about studying,
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nu imi pasa deloc sa invat,
10:33
until I had Mr. Carlock's science class.
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pana cand am avut ore de stiinte naturale cu domnul Carlock.
10:36
He was now Dr. Carlock in the movie.
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El care este acum Dr. Carlock in film.
10:39
And he got me challenged
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El a fost cel care m-a provocat
10:42
to figure out an optical illusion room.
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sa inteleg o camera de iluzii optice.
10:45
This brings up the whole thing of you've got to show kids
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Asta aduce in prim plan faptul ca trebuie sa le arati copiilor
10:47
interesting stuff.
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lucruri interesante.
10:49
You know, one of the things that I think maybe TED ought to do
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Stiti, unul din lucrurile pe care TED ar trebui sa le faca
10:52
is tell all the schools about all the great lectures that are on TED,
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este sa spuna tuturor scolilor despre prezentarile nemaipomenite care sunt la TED,
10:55
and there's all kinds of great stuff on the Internet
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si exista o multime de lucruri nemaipomenite pe internet
10:57
to get these kids turned on.
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care sa le trezeasca interesul acestor copiilor.
10:59
Because I'm seeing a lot of these geeky nerdy kids,
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Pentru ca vad o multime de astfel de copii inteligenti
11:02
and the teachers out in the Midwest, and the other parts of the country,
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iar profesorii in alte parti ale tarii
11:05
when you get away from these tech areas,
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departe de aceste zone tehnologice
11:07
they don't know what to do with these kids.
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ei nu stiu ce sa faca cu acesti copii.
11:09
And they're not going down the right path.
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Si nu merg pe calea care trebuie.
11:11
The thing is, you can make a mind
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Ideea este, poti face o minte
11:13
to be more of a thinking and cognitive mind,
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sa fie mai ganditoare sau mai cognitiva.
11:16
or your mind can be wired to be more social.
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Sau mintea ta poate fi facuta sa fie mai sociala.
11:19
And what some of the research now has shown in autism
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Iar ceea ce ne arata acum niste studii despre autism,
11:21
is there may by extra wiring back here,
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este ca avem o gramada de circuite extra aici,
11:23
in the really brilliant mind, and we lose a few social circuits here.
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in mintea super stralucitoare, si ca avem mai putine circuite sociale aici.
11:26
It's kind of a trade-off between thinking and social.
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Este un fel de compromis intre gandire si partea sociala.
11:30
And then you can get into the point where it's so severe
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Si poti ajunge la punctul in care totul este atat de sever
11:32
you're going to have a person that's going to be non-verbal.
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incat vei avea parte de o persoana care va fi non-verbala.
11:35
In the normal human mind
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In mintea umana normala
11:37
language covers up the visual thinking we share with animals.
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limbajul acopera gandirea vizuala pe care o avem in comun cu animalele.
11:40
This is the work of Dr. Bruce Miller.
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Aceasta este munca doctorului Bruce Miller.
11:43
And he studied Alzheimer's patients
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El a studiat pacienti cu Alzheimer
11:46
that had frontal temporal lobe dementia.
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care au suferit de dementa lobului frontal temporal.
11:48
And the dementia ate out the language parts of the brain,
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Iar dementa le-a mancat din partile de limbaj ale creierului,
11:51
and then this artwork came out of somebody who used to install stereos in cars.
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iar aceasta opera de arta a fost produsa de cineva care obisnuia sa instaleze sisteme stereo in autoturisme.
11:56
Now, Van Gogh doesn't know anything about physics,
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Acum, Van Gogh nu stia nimic despre fizica.
12:00
but I think it's very interesting
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Dar este foarte interesant
12:02
that there was some work done to show that
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ca exista niste studii ce arata ca
12:04
this eddy pattern in this painting
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acest vartej in pictura sa
12:06
followed a statistical model of turbulence,
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respecta un model statistic de turbulenta.
12:09
which brings up the whole interesting idea
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Ceea ce ne duce la toata aceasta idee interesanta
12:11
of maybe some of this mathematical patterns
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ca poate o parte din aceste tipare matematice
12:13
is in our own head.
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exista in propriul tau cap.
12:15
And the Wolfram stuff -- I was taking
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Si lucrurile despre Wolfram pentru care luam
12:17
notes and I was writing down all the
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notite si scriam toate
12:19
search words I could use,
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cuvintele cheie de cautare pe care le-as putea folosi
12:21
because I think that's going to go on in my autism lectures.
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deoarece cred ca vor fi puse in prezentarile mele despre autism.
12:25
We've got to show these kids interesting stuff.
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Trebuie sa le aratam acestor copii lucruri interesante.
12:27
And they've taken out the autoshop class
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Iar ei au eliminat orele de mecanica auto
12:29
and the drafting class and the art class.
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si de lucru manual, si de arte.
12:31
I mean art was my best subject in school.
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Vreau sa spun ca artele erau subiectul meu preferat la scoala.
12:34
We've got to think about all these different kinds of minds,
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Trebuie sa ne gandim la toate aceste feluri diferite de gandire.
12:36
and we've got to absolutely work with these kind of minds,
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Si trebuie sa lucram neaparat cu aceste feluri de gandire,
12:39
because we absolutely are going to need
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pentru ca inevitabil vom avea nevoie
12:42
these kind of people in the future.
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de astfel de oameni in viitor.
12:45
And let's talk about jobs.
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Si haideti sa vorbim despre slujbe.
12:47
OK, my science teacher got me studying
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OK, profesorul meu de stiinte naturale m-a facut sa invat
12:49
because I was a goofball that didn't want to study.
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pentru ca eram aiurita si nu voiam sa invat.
12:52
But you know what? I was getting work experience.
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Dar stiti ce? Am obtinut experienta de munca.
12:54
I'm seeing too many of these smart kids who haven't learned basic things,
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Vad mult prea multi dintre acesti copii destepti care nu au invatat lucruri elementare,
12:56
like how to be on time.
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gen cum sa fii punctual.
12:58
I was taught that when I was eight years old.
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Eu am fost invatata asa ceva cand aveam opt ani.
13:00
You know, how to have table manners at granny's Sunday party.
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Sau stiti, cum sa ai bune maniere la masa la petrecerea de duminica a bunicii.
13:03
I was taught that when I was very, very young.
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Am fost invatata asa ceva cand eram foarte foarte tanara
13:06
And when I was 13, I had a job at a dressmaker's shop
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Iar cand aveam 13 ani, am avut o slujba la un croitor de rochii
13:09
sewing clothes.
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unde vindeam haine.
13:11
I did internships in college,
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Am lucrat in practica in timpul facultatii.
13:14
I was building things,
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Construiam lucruri.
13:17
and I also had to learn how to do assignments.
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Si am fost nevoita sa invat cum sa imi fac temele.
13:20
You know, all I wanted to do was draw pictures of horses when I was little.
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Stiti, cand eram mica, tot ce imi doream era sa desenez cai.
13:24
My mother said, "Well let's do a picture of something else."
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Iar mama imi spunea: "Hai sa desenam si altceva"
13:26
They've got to learn how to do something else.
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Ei trebuie sa invete cum sa faca si altceva.
13:28
Let's say the kid is fixated on Legos.
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Sa presupunem ca un copil este fixat pe jocul de Lego.
13:30
Let's get him working on building different things.
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Haideti sa il facem interesat sa lucreze la constructia unor diverse lucruri.
13:33
The thing about the autistic mind
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Unul din aspectele mintii autiste
13:35
is it tends to be fixated.
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este ca tinde sa se fixeze pe anumite lucruri.
13:37
Like if a kid loves racecars,
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Asa ca daca un copil iubeste masinile de curse
13:39
let's use racecars for math.
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haideti sa folosim masini de curse ca sa il invatam matematica.
13:41
Let's figure out how long it takes a racecar to go a certain distance.
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Sa calculam cat ii ia unei masini de curse pentru a strabate o anumita distanta.
13:44
In other words, use that fixation
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Cu alte cuvinte, folositi acea fixatie
13:48
in order to motivate that kid, that's one of the things we need to do.
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ca sa va motivati copilul, asta este unul din lucrurile pe care trebuie sa le facem.
13:51
I really get fed up when they, you know, the teachers,
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Sunt pur si simplu exasperata cand ei, stiti, profesorii,
13:54
especially when you get away from this part of the country,
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in special cand te duci departe de partea asta a tarii,
13:57
they don't know what to do with these smart kids.
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ei nu stiu ce sa faca in legatura cu acesti copii inteligenti.
13:59
It just drives me crazy.
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Pur si simplu ma innebuneste.
14:01
What can visual thinkers do when they grow up?
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Ce pot face ganditorii vizuali cand vor creste?
14:03
They can do graphic design, all kinds of stuff with computers,
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Pot face design grafic, tot felul de lucruri pe calculator,
14:06
photography, industrial design.
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fotografie, design industrial.
14:11
The pattern thinkers, they're the ones that are going to be
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Ganditorii in tipare, ei sunt cei ce vor deveni
14:13
your mathematicians, your software engineers,
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pentru dumneavoastra matematicieni, ingineri software,
14:16
your computer programmers, all of those kinds of jobs.
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programatori pe calculator, tot felul de astfel de profesii.
14:20
And then you've got the word minds. They make great journalists,
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Iar apoi avem mintile verbale. Ei vor deveni foarte buni jurnalisti.
14:23
and they also make really, really good stage actors.
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Si tot ei pot deveni actori de scena extrem de buni.
14:26
Because the thing about being autistic is,
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Pentru ca unul din aspectele legate de autism este ca
14:28
I had to learn social skills like being in a play.
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a trebuit sa invat deprinderi sociale ca si cum as fi intr-o piesa de teatru.
14:31
It's just kind of -- you just have to learn it.
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Pur si simplu, a trebuit sa le invat.
14:34
And we need to be working with these students.
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Si va trebui sa lucram cu acesti studenti.
14:37
And this brings up mentors.
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Iar asta ne duce sa discutam despre mentori.
14:39
You know, my science teacher was not an accredited teacher.
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Stiti, profesorul meu de stiinte naturale nu era un profesor acreditat.
14:42
He was a NASA space scientist.
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Era un cercetator de la NASA.
14:44
Now, some states now are getting it to where
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Acum, unele state au ajuns la punctul in care
14:46
if you have a degree in biology, or a degree in chemistry,
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daca ai o diploma in biologie sau o diploma in chimie
14:48
you can come into the school and teach biology or chemistry.
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poti veni la scoala sa predai biologie sau chimie.
14:51
We need to be doing that.
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Trebuie sa facem asa ceva.
14:53
Because what I'm observing is
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Pentru ca ce observ eu este ca
14:55
the good teachers, for a lot of these kids,
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profesorii buni, pentru multi din acesti copii,
14:57
are out in the community colleges,
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sunt cei care ies de pe bancile universitatilor de stat.
14:59
but we need to be getting some of these good teachers into the high schools.
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Trebuie sa aducem in licee pe unii dintre acesti buni profesori.
15:02
Another thing that can be very, very, very successful is
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Un alt lucru, ce poate fi de foarte-foarte mare succes este ca
15:05
there is a lot of people that may have retired
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multi oameni s-au pensionat
15:08
from working in the software industry, and they can teach your kid.
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nu mai lucreaza in industria software, iar ei iti pot invata copilul.
15:11
And it doesn't matter if what they teach them is old,
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Si nu conteaza ca ceea ce ii invata este invechit,
15:14
because what you're doing is you're lighting the spark.
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pentru ca ce faceti este sa aprindeti o scanteie.
15:17
You're getting that kid turned on.
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Aduceti copilul sa fie interesat.
15:20
And you get him turned on, then he'll learn all the new stuff.
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Iar cand il faceti interesat, va invata toate lucrurile noi.
15:23
Mentors are just essential.
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Mentorii sunt pur si simplu esentiali.
15:25
I cannot emphasize enough
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Nu pot sublinia indeajuns
15:27
what my science teacher did for me.
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ce a facut profesorul meu de stiinte naturale pentru mine.
15:30
And we've got to mentor them, hire them.
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Si trebuie sa le oferim mentori, sa ii angajam.
15:33
And if you bring them in for internships in your companies,
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Iar daca ii aduceti pentru practica in companiile dumneavoastra,
15:35
the thing about the autism, Asperger-y kind of mind,
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ideea despre autism, tipul mental gen Asperger,
15:38
you've got to give them a specific task. Don't just say, "Design new software."
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trebuie sa le dati sarcini specifice. Nu le spuneti doar "Proiecteaza software nou".
15:41
You've got to tell them something a lot more specific:
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Trebuie sa fiti mult mai specifici.
15:43
"Well, we're designing a software for a phone
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"Ei bine, noi cream software pentru un telefon
15:46
and it has to do some specific thing.
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si trebuie sa faca un lucru anume.
15:48
And it can only use so much memory."
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Si poate folosi doar atata memorie".
15:50
That's the kind of specificity you need.
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Asta este nivelul de detaliu de care au ei nevoie.
15:52
Well, that's the end of my talk.
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Ei bine, acesta este sfarsitul prezentarii mele.
15:54
And I just want to thank everybody for coming.
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Si doresc sa multumesc tuturor celor prezenti.
15:56
It was great to be here.
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A fost minunat sa ma aflu aici.
15:58
(Applause)
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(Aplauze)
16:10
Oh, you've got a question for me? OK.
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Aveti intrebari pentru mine? Ok.
16:13
(Applause)
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(Aplauze)
16:14
Chris Anderson: Thank you so much for that.
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Chris Anderson: Multumim mult pentru tot.
16:18
You know, you once wrote, I like this quote,
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Stiti, ati scris odata, imi place citatul acesta:
16:20
"If by some magic, autism had been
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"Daca printr-o minune, autismul ar fi
16:22
eradicated from the face of the Earth,
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eradicat de pe fata pamantului,
16:25
then men would still be socializing in front of a wood fire
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atunci oamenii inca s-ar socializa in fata unui foc de lemne
16:28
at the entrance to a cave."
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la gura unei pesteri".
16:30
Temple Grandin: Because who do you think made the first stone spears?
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Temple Grandin: Pai cine credeti ca a facut prima lance cu varf de piatra?
16:32
The Asperger guy. And if you were to get rid of all the autism genetics
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Tipul cu Asperger. Iar daca ati elimina toate genele autismului
16:35
there would be no more Silicon Valley,
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nu ar mai exista Silicon Valley,
16:37
and the energy crisis would not be solved.
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iar criza energetica nu ar mai fi rezolvata.
16:39
(Applause)
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(Aplauze)
16:42
CA: So, I want to ask you a couple other questions,
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CA: Asa, doream sa va pun inca vreo doua intrebari.
16:44
and if any of these feel inappropriate,
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si daca simtiti ca unele sunt stanjenitoare
16:46
it's okay just to say, "Next question."
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puteti spune pur si simplu "Intrebarea urmatoare".
16:48
But if there is someone here
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Dar daca exista cineva aici
16:50
who has an autistic child,
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care are un copil autistic,
16:52
or knows an autistic child
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sau care cunoaste un copil cu autism
16:54
and feels kind of cut off from them,
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si se simte cumva ignorat de acesti copii,
16:57
what advice would you give them?
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ce sfat le-ati da?
16:59
TG: Well, first of all, you've got to look at age.
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TG: Pentru inceput, trebuie sa va uitati la varsta.
17:01
If you have a two, three or four year old
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Daca aveti un copil de doi, trei sau patru ani
17:03
you know, no speech, no social interaction,
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stiti, care nu vorbeste, care nu interactioneaza social,
17:05
I can't emphasize enough:
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nu pot sublinia cu destula tarie
17:07
Don't wait, you need at least 20 hours a week of one-to-one teaching.
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nu asteptati, aveti nevoie de minim 20 de ore saptamanal de antrenament unu-la-unu.
17:11
You know, the thing is, autism comes in different degrees.
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Stiti, ideea este ca autismul are diverse grade de afectiune.
17:14
There's going to be about half the people on the spectrum
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Vor fi probabil in jur de jumatate din oamenii din spectru
17:16
that are not going to learn to talk, and they're not going to be working
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care nu vor invata sa vorbeasca, si nu vor putea munci
17:18
Silicon Valley, that would not be a reasonable thing for them to do.
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in Silicon Valley, pentru ca nu ar fi un lucru adecvat pentru ei.
17:21
But then you get the smart, geeky kids
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Dar mai sunt si copiii destepti
17:23
that have a touch of autism,
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care au doar o urma de autism,
17:25
and that's where you've got to get them turned on
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si pe ei trebuie sa te concentrezi ca sa ii faci preocupati
17:27
with doing interesting things.
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de lucruri interesante.
17:29
I got social interaction through shared interest.
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Am avut parte de interactiune sociala prin interese in comun.
17:32
I rode horses with other kids, I made model rockets with other kids,
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Am calarit cai cu alti copii. Am facut rachetomodele cu alti copii,
17:36
did electronics lab with other kids,
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am facut laborator de electronica impreuna cu alti copii,
17:38
and in the '60s, it was gluing mirrors
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iar asta in anii '60 insemna sa lipesti oglinzi
17:40
onto a rubber membrane on a speaker to make a light show.
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pe o membrana de cauciuc pe un difuzor ca sa obtii un spectacol de lumini.
17:43
That was like, we considered that super cool.
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Aia era ce consideram noi atunci "super cool".
17:46
CA: Is it unrealistic for them
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CA: Este cumva nerealist pentru ei
17:48
to hope or think that that child
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sa spere sau sa creada ca acel copil
17:50
loves them, as some might, as most, wish?
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ii iubeste, asa cum poate, asa cum cei mai multi isi doresc?
17:53
TG: Well let me tell you, that child will be loyal,
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TG: Lasati-ma sa va spun ca acel copil va fi loial.
17:55
and if your house is burning down, they're going to get you out of it.
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Iar daca va arde casa ei o sa va scoata afara din ea.
17:57
CA: Wow. So, most people, if you ask them
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CA: Incredibil. Cei mai multi oameni, daca ii intrebi,
18:00
what are they most passionate about, they'd say things like,
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ce ii pasioneaza cel mai mult, vor raspunde cu lucruri de genul
18:02
"My kids" or "My lover."
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"Copiii mei" sau "Iubita mea".
18:05
What are you most passionate about?
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Ce va pasioneaza pe dumneavoastra cel mai mult?
18:08
TG: I'm passionate about that the things I do
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TG: Ma pasioneaza ca lucrurile pe care le fac
18:10
are going to make the world a better place.
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vor face ca lumea sa devina un loc mai bun.
18:12
When I have a mother of an autistic child say,
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Cand o mama de copil autistic imi spune
18:14
"My kid went to college because of your book,
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"Copilul meu a mers la facultate din cauza cartii dumneavoastra,
18:16
or one of your lectures," that makes me happy.
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sau din cauza uneia din prezentarile dumneavoastra", lucrul acela ma face fericita.
18:18
You know, the slaughter plants, I've worked with them
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Stiti, abatoarele, am lucrat cu ele
18:21
in the '80s; they were absolutely awful.
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in anii '80; erau pur si simplu ingrozitoare.
18:23
I developed a really simple scoring system for slaughter plants
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Am dezvoltat un sistem de puncte foarte simplu pentru abatoare
18:27
where you just measure outcomes: How many cattle fell down?
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unde se masurau doar rezultatele: cate vite cadeau,
18:29
How many cattle got poked with the prodder?
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cate vite erau impunse cu batul electric,
18:31
How many cattle are mooing their heads off?
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cate vite mugeau in nestire.
18:33
And it's very, very simple.
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Si e foarte simplu.
18:35
You directly observe a few simple things.
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Observi direct cateva lucruri foarte simple.
18:37
It's worked really well. I get satisfaction out of
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A functionat foarte bine. Primesc o gramada de satisfactii
18:39
seeing stuff that makes real change
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vazand lucruri care pot face diferente majore
18:42
in the real world. We need a lot more of that,
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in viata reala.
18:44
and a lot less abstract stuff.
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si mult mai putina de lucruri abstracte.
18:46
(Applause)
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(Aplauze)
18:53
CA: When we were talking on the phone, one of the things you said that
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CA: Cand am vorbit la telefon, unul dintre lucrurile pe care le-ati spus
18:55
really astonished me was you said one thing
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si care m-au uimit a fost ca ati spus un lucru
18:57
you were passionate about was server farms. Tell me about that.
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cat de pasionata sunteti in legatura cu fermele de servere. Spuneti-mi despre asta.
19:01
TG: Well the reason why I got really excited when I read about that,
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TG: Motivul pentru care am devenit foarte interesata cand am citit despre asa ceva
19:04
it contains knowledge.
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este deoarece contine informatii.
19:07
It's libraries.
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Sunt biblioteci.
19:09
And to me, knowledge is something
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Iar pentru mine asta inseamna
19:11
that is extremely valuable. So, maybe, over 10 years ago
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ceva extrem de valoros. Si, poate, in urma cu 10 ani
19:13
now our library got flooded.
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biblioteca noastra a fost inundata.
19:15
And this is before the Internet got really big.
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Iar asta s-a intamplat inainte ca internetul sa devina atat de mare.
19:17
And I was really upset about all the books being wrecked,
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Iar eu am fost foarte suparata pentru toate cartile care au fost stricate,
19:19
because it was knowledge being destroyed.
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pentru ca o gramada de informatii au fost distruse.
19:21
And server farms, or data centers
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Iar fermele de servere, sau centrele de date
19:23
are great libraries of knowledge.
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sunt biblioteci imense de informatii.
19:26
CA: Temple, can I just say it's an absolute delight to have you at TED.
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CA: Temple, pot sa spun ca a fost o placere absoluta sa te avem aici la TED.
19:29
TG: Well thank you so much. Thank you.
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TG: Ei bine, multumesc foarte mult. Va multumesc.
19:32
(Applause)
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(Aplauze)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Temple Grandin - Livestock handling designer, autism activistThrough groundbreaking research and the lens of her own autism, Temple Grandin brings startling insight into two worlds.
Why you should listen
An expert on animal behavior, Temple Grandin has designed humane handling systems for half the cattle-processing facilities in the US, and consults with the meat industry to develop animal welfare guidelines. As PETA wrote when awarding her a 2004 Proggy: “Dr. Grandin's improvements to animal-handling systems found in slaughterhouses have decreased the amount of fear and pain that animals experience in their final hours, and she is widely considered the world's leading expert on the welfare of cattle and pigs.” In 2010, Time Magazine listed her as one of its most Important People of the Year. She is also a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
Grandin’s books about her interior life as an autistic person have increased the world's understanding of the condition with personal immediacy -- and with import, as rates of autism diagnosis rise. She is revered by animal rights groups and members of autistic community, perhaps because in both regards she is a voice for those who are sometimes challenged to make themselves heard.
Temple Grandin | Speaker | TED.com