TEDGlobal 2011
Mikko Hypponen: Fighting viruses, defending the net
Mikko Hypponen: La dagaalida Virus-yada, difaaca internetka
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25 sano ayaa laga joogaa xiligii la sameeyay Virus-kii ugu horeeyay ee kambiyuutarada shakhsiyeedka ku dhaca (Brain A) , wax-wax dadka lagu dhibo ahaa markii hore, ayaa hada waxa uu noqday wax falal danbiyeedyo iyo jaasuusnimo lagu geysto. Khabiirka amaanka Kambiyuutarada Mikko Hyppönen ayaa waxa uu noo sheegayaa sidii aan ku istaajin leheen Virus-yadaasi cusub si aysan shabakada khatar u gelinin sida aan ognahay.
Mikko Hypponen - Cybersecurity expert
As computer access expands, Mikko Hypponen asks: What's the next killer virus, and will the world be able to cope with it? And also: How can we protect digital privacy in the age of government surveillance? Full bio
As computer access expands, Mikko Hypponen asks: What's the next killer virus, and will the world be able to cope with it? And also: How can we protect digital privacy in the age of government surveillance? Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
I love the Internet.
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waan jeclahay Internetka
00:18
It's true.
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waa xaqiiq
00:20
Think about everything it has brought us.
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ka fikir wax walboo ay noo keentay
00:22
Think about all the services we use,
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ka fikir adeegyada aan isticmaalno
00:25
all the connectivity,
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dhamaan xiriiryadaas
00:27
all the entertainment,
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Maaweelooyinkaas dhan
00:29
all the business, all the commerce.
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iyo Dhamaan howlaha ganacsiga iyo iibka
00:32
And it's happening during our lifetimes.
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Taasina waxay dhacdaa inta aan noolnahay
00:35
I'm pretty sure that one day
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Anigu waxaan hubaa in maalin
00:38
we'll be writing history books
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Buugaagta Taariikhda ay qori doonto
00:40
hundreds of years from now. This time
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Boqolaal sano hada kadib
00:43
our generation will be remembered
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Waqtigaan, Jiilkeena waxaa lagu soo xasuusan doonaa
00:46
as the generation that got online,
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Jiilkii ku wada xariiray Internetka
00:49
the generation
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Jiilkaasoo
00:51
that built something really and truly global.
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dhisay wax Run ahaantii Caalami ah
00:54
But yes, it's also true
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Laakiin haa, sidoo kale waa sax
00:57
that the Internet has problems, very serious problems,
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Internetka waxa uu wajahayaa Dhibaatooyin, Dhibaatooyin adag
01:00
problems with security
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Dhibaatooyin Xagga Nabad galyada.
01:03
and problems with privacy.
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iyo Dhibaatooyinka xaga waxyaabaha ugaarka ah Adeegsadaha internetka
01:06
I've spent my career
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inta aan shaqeynaayay waxaan ku dhameystay
01:08
fighting these problems.
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in aan la dagaalamo dhibaatooyinkaas
01:11
So let me show you something.
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aan idin tusiyo waxyar
01:15
This here
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kani
01:17
is Brain.
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waa 'Brain'
01:19
This is a floppy disk
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Cajaladaan ''floppy disk''-ga ah
01:21
-- five and a quarter-inch floppy disk
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Cajalad 5 1⁄4 inji ah
01:23
infected by Brain.A.
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waxaa kudhacay Viruska 'Brain. A'
01:25
It's the first virus we ever found
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waa Virus-kii ugu horeeyay ee aan ku aragno
01:27
for PC computers.
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Kambiyuutarada Shakhsiyeedka
01:30
And we actually know
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Runtiina waan ognahay
01:32
where Brain came from.
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meesha uu ka imaaday 'Brain'
01:34
We know because it says so
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waan ognahay maxaa yeelay, asiga ayaa sheegaayo sidaas
01:36
inside the code.
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''Code-ka'' dhexdiisa
01:38
Let's take a look.
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aan fiirino
01:45
All right.
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hagaag
01:48
That's the boot sector of an infected floppy,
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qeybtaani waa qeybta ay kusoo kacayso Cajaladaan Virus-ka qabto
01:51
and if we take a closer look inside,
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Hadaana si dhaw usii fiirino
01:54
we'll see that right there,
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inta ayaan ku arkeynaa
01:56
it says, "Welcome to the dungeon."
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''wuxuu leeyahay'' Kusoo dhawaada Xabsiga
02:00
And then it continues,
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kadibna wuu sii wadayaa
02:02
saying, 1986, Basit and Amjad.
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wuxuu leeyahay: 1986 Basit iyo Amjad
02:05
And Basit and Amjad are first names,
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Basit iyo Amjadna waa Magacyo koowaad
02:08
Pakistani first names.
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Magacyo Pakistaaniyiin
02:10
In fact, there's a phone number and an address in Pakistan.
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Runtii, waxaa meesha kuyaala Telfoon iyo Address wadanka Pakistan ah
02:13
(Laughter)
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(Qosal)
02:18
Now, 1986.
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Hada 1986
02:21
Now it's 2011.
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Hada waa 2011
02:23
That's 25 years ago.
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Kaasi waxa uu ahaa 25 sano kahor
02:25
The PC virus problem is 25 years old now.
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Dhibaatooyinka Virus-yada Kambiyuutarada way 25 sano jirsatay hada
02:29
So half a year ago,
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sidaa daraadeed, Sanad iyo bar kahor
02:31
I decided to go to Pakistan myself.
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waxaan go'aansaday in aan Pakistan aado
02:34
So let's see, here's a couple of photos I took while I was in Pakistan.
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aan aragno sawiradaan aan kasoo qaaday markii aan halkaas tagay
02:37
This is from the city of Lahore,
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halkani waa magaalada ''Lahore''
02:39
which is around 300 kilometers south
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taasoo 300 km koonfur kajirta
02:41
from Abbottabad, where Bin Laden was caught.
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''Abbottabad'' meeshii Bin Laaden lagu qabtay
02:44
Here's a typical street view.
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sidaan ayay u muuqataa wadada
02:47
And here's the street or road leading to this building,
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Jidkaana waa Jidka ku geynaayo dhismaha
02:50
which is 730 Nizam block at Allama Iqbal Town.
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Guri lambar 730, Nizaam Block ee Magaalada Allama iqbal
02:54
And I knocked on the door.
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albaabka ayaan garaacay
02:56
(Laughter)
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(Qosal)
02:58
You want to guess who opened the door?
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ma rabtaan in aad qiyaastaan qofka albaabka furay
03:00
Basit and Amjad; they are still there.
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Basit iyo Amjad meeshaas ayay joogaan weli
03:02
(Laughter)
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(Qosal)
03:04
(Applause)
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(Sacab)
03:08
So here standing up is Basit.
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Qofka istaagsan waa Basit
03:11
Sitting down is his brother Amjad.
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Kan fadhiyana waa walaalkiis Amjad
03:14
These are the guys who wrote the first PC virus.
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Kuwaani waa dadka qoray Virus-kii ugu horeeyay ee Kombiyuutarada
03:17
Now of course, we had a very interesting discussion.
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Hada, Hagaag, waxaan galnay doodwadaag aad xiiso u leh
03:20
I asked them why.
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waxaan weydiiyay Sabab?
03:22
I asked them how they feel about what they started.
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waxaan weydiiyay dareenkooda ku aadan waxa ay bilaabeen
03:25
And I got some sort of satisfaction
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kadibna waxaan helay Qanacsanaasho
03:28
from learning that both Basit and Amjad
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markii aan ogaaday in labadoodaba (Basit iyo Amjad)
03:31
had had their computers infected dozens of times
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Kombiyuutarooda uu virus ku dhacay, halmar wax kabadan
03:34
by completely unrelated other viruses
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waxayna eheed virus-yo kale oo nooc kale ah
03:36
over these years.
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sanadahaasi
03:38
So there is some sort of justice
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marka waxaa jiro xoogaa cadaalad ah
03:40
in the world after all.
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caalamka taasoo wax walba ka danbeyso.
03:44
Now, the viruses that we used to see
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hada Virus-yada aan caadeesanay in aan aragno
03:46
in the 1980s and 1990s
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sideetameeyadii iyo sagaashameeyadii
03:48
obviously are not a problem any more.
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hada dhibaato ma ahan
03:51
So let me just show you a couple of examples
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aan idin tusiyo tusaalooyin dhowr ah
03:53
of what they used to look like.
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sideey u muuqdeen
03:55
What I'm running here
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waxa aan hada shidaayo
03:57
is a system that enables me
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waa system ii suuro galinaaya
03:59
to run age-old programs on a modern computer.
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in barnaamijyo hore aan ku kiciyo kambiyuutaro casri ah
04:02
So let me just mount some drives. Go over there.
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aan rakibo Drive-yo qaar ah, halkaan ayaan aadayaa
04:05
What we have here is a list of old viruses.
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waxaan aan heesano waa liis virus-yo qadiimi ah
04:08
So let me just run some viruses on my computer.
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qaar kamid ah aan ku kiciyo kombiyuutarkeyga
04:11
For example,
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Tusaale ahaan
04:13
let's go with the Centipede virus first.
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aan kicino Virus-kaan ''Farabadnaha'' ah marka hore
04:15
And you can see at the top of the screen,
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waxaad ku arki kartaa shaashada meesha ugu korayso
04:17
there's a centipede scrolling across your computer
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Farabadne ayaa kusocdo shaashada computerkaaga
04:19
when you get infected by this one.
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markii tan ay kugu dhacdo
04:21
You know that you're infected
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waad ogaaneysaa in ay kugu dhacday
04:23
because it actually shows up.
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maxaa yeelay way soo muuqaneysaa.
04:25
Here's another one. This is the virus called Crash,
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kani waa mid kale Virus la dhaho (Crash)
04:28
invented in Russia in 1992.
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Ruushka ayaa lagu sameeyay 1992
04:30
Let me show you one which actually makes some sound.
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aan idin tusiyo,mid cod leh.
04:34
(Siren noise)
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(Cod Ambalaas)
04:40
And the last example,
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tusaalaha ugu danbeeyo
04:42
guess what the Walker virus does?
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qiyaas waxa uu sameynaayo viruskaan ( Socdo )
04:44
Yes, there's a guy walking across your screen
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Haa, qof ayaa socdo shaashadaada dhexdeeda
04:46
once you get infected.
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markii ay kugu dhacdo
04:48
So it used to be fairly easy to know
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waxaa fududeed ah in aad ogaato
04:51
that you're infected by a virus,
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in Virus uu kugu dhacay
04:54
when the viruses were written by hobbyists
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Markii Viruska ay sameyn jireen dadka arimahaas ka hela
04:56
and teenagers.
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iyo dad Da'yar
04:58
Today, they are no longer being written
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Maanta, ma qoraan
05:00
by hobbyists and teenagers.
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Da'yartaasi iyo dadkaas howlahaas jeclaaba
05:02
Today, viruses are a global problem.
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Maanta, Virus-ku waa Dhibaato Caalami ah
05:05
What we have here in the background
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meeshaan danbe waxaan heysanaa
05:07
is an example of our systems that we run in our labs,
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tusaale Kambiyuutarada aan ku shidno Xarunteena dhexdeeda.
05:10
where we track virus infections worldwide.
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meeshaasoo aan ku dabagalno dhibaatooyinka Virus-yada Caalamka
05:12
So we can actually see in real time
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marka waxaan arki karnaa isla waqtigaas uu virus-ka soo baxo
05:14
that we've just blocked viruses in Sweden and Taiwan
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waxaan ka istaajinay Virus-yo Sweden iyo Taiwan
05:17
and Russia and elsewhere.
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iyo Ruushka iyo meelo kale
05:19
In fact, if I just connect back to our lab systems
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runtii markale hadii aan la xariiro Kambiyuutarada xarunteena
05:22
through the Web,
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websiteka korkiisa
05:24
we can see in real time
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isla markaasba waxaan arki karnaa
05:26
just some kind of idea of how many viruses,
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fikrado sida inta virus
05:29
how many new examples of malware we find every single day.
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inta tusaalooyin ee oo barnaamijyo wasaq ah' ee aan helno maalin walba
05:32
Here's the latest virus we've found,
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kani waa virus-kii ugu danbeeyay ee aan helnay.
05:34
in a file called Server.exe.
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oo kudhex jira file lagu magacaabo ''Server.exe''
05:36
And we found it right over here three seconds ago --
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waxaana helnay halkaan 3 ilbiriqsi kahor
05:39
the previous one, six seconds ago.
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midkii ka horeeyay, lix ilbiriqsi kahor
05:41
And if we just scroll around,
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hadii aan sii wadno
05:44
it's just massive.
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aad ayay u badanyihiin
05:46
We find tens of thousands, even hundreds of thousands.
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waxaan helnaa Tobanaan kun, xataa boqolaal kun
05:49
And that's the last 20 minutes of malware
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kaasna waa 20kii daqiiqo ee ugu danbeysay ee barnaamijyada wasaqeesan
05:52
every single day.
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maalin walba
05:54
So where are all these coming from then?
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marka halkee ayay ka imaadaan waxyaabahaan dhan
05:57
Well today, it's the organized criminal gangs
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Hagaag Maanta, waxaa maamulo gaangiistarada danbiilayaasha
06:01
writing these viruses
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ayagaana qoraan virus-yadaan
06:03
because they make money with their viruses.
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maxaa yeelay lacag ayay ku helaan virus-yadooda
06:05
It's gangs like --
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waa sida gaangiistarnimo
06:07
let's go to GangstaBucks.com.
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aan fiirino GangstaBucks.com
06:10
This is a website operating in Moscow
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webkaan waxaa laga maamulaa Magaalada Moosko
06:13
where these guys are buying infected computers.
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Ragaana waxay iibsadaan Kambiyuutarada viruska ku dhacay
06:17
So if you are a virus writer
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marka hadii aad tahay Virus qore
06:19
and you're capable of infecting Windows computers,
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oo aad awoodid in aad Kambiyuutarada windwos-yada wax qaadsiisid
06:21
but you don't know what to do with them,
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oo aadan ogeen waxaad kusii sameyn leheed
06:23
you can sell those infected computers --
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kambiyuutaradaas waxaad ka iibin kartaa
06:25
somebody else's computers -- to these guys.
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Raggaan ayaad ka iibin kartaa kambiyuutaradaasi dadoow
06:27
And they'll actually pay you money for those computers.
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runtii ayagana lacag ayay kaa siisanayaan kambiyuutaradaasi
06:31
So how do these guys then monetize
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marka sidee ragaasi lacag ugu badalayaan
06:34
those infected computers?
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kambiyuutaradaasi haleesan?
06:36
Well there's multiple different ways,
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Hagaag, waxaa jiro wadooyin badan oo kala duwan.
06:38
such as banking trojans, which will steal money from your online banking accounts
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sida virus-yada bangiga, kaasoo lacag ka xadaayo xisaabtaada bangiyeed ee Online-ka
06:41
when you do online banking,
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marka aad xisaabta Bangigaaga Online ahaan u isticmaasho
06:44
or keyloggers.
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ama Fure duubayaasha
06:47
Keyloggers silently sit on your computer, hidden from view,
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Fure duubayaasha si qarsoon ayay kombiyuutarkaaga ugu jiraan, ma arki kareysid
06:51
and they record everything you type.
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waxayna duubayaan wax walboo aad qortid
06:54
So you're sitting on your computer and you're doing Google searches.
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marka waxaad fadhisaa kambiyuutarkaaga, waxaadna wax ka baareysaa Google
06:57
Every single Google search you type
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wax walboo aad ku qortid Google
06:59
is saved and sent to the criminals.
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way duubmayaan waxayna u dirsamayaan dambiilayaashaas
07:02
Every single email you write is saved and sent to the criminals.
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email walboo aad qortid, wuu keedsanyahay, waxa uuna u dirsamayaa dambiilayaashaas
07:05
Same thing with every single password and so on.
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sidoo kale password walboo aad qortid, iyo wixii lamid ah
07:09
But the thing that they're actually looking for most
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laakiin waxa ugu badan ay raadinayaan
07:11
are sessions where you go online
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waa waqtiyada aad Online-ka galeysid
07:13
and do online purchases in any online store.
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kadibna aad online-ka wax ka iibsaneysid, dukaan walboo Online ah kii ay ahaataba
07:16
Because when you do purchases in online stores,
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maxaa yeelay markaad Online-ka wax ka iibsaneysid
07:18
you will be typing in your name, the delivery address,
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waxaad qoreysaa magacaaga, iyo cinwaanka laguu soo dhigi lahaa waxaas aad iibsatay
07:21
your credit card number and the credit card security codes.
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Lambarka (Credit Card-kaaga) iyo furaha amaanka ee Credit cardkaaga
07:24
And here's an example of a file
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kani waa tusaale Feel
07:26
we found from a server a couple of weeks ago.
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aan ka helany kambiyuutar isbuucyo dhowr ah kahor
07:28
That's the credit card number,
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Lambarka Credit Card-ka
07:30
that's the expiration date, that's the security code,
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Xiliga uu dhacaayo, iyo furaha amaanka
07:32
and that's the name of the owner of the card.
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iyo qofka isla kaarkaas magaciisa
07:34
Once you gain access to other people's credit card information,
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marka aad heshid dadka kale macluumaadka kaararkooda
07:37
you can just go online and buy whatever you want
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markaas Online-ka ayaad geli kartaa oo waxa aad rabtid ayaad iibsan kartaa
07:39
with this information.
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macluumaadkaasi
07:42
And that, obviously, is a problem.
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taasina waa dhibaato
07:44
We now have a whole underground marketplace
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waan ognahay in aan leenahay Suuq madoow oo aad u weyn
07:48
and business ecosystem
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iyo hab Ganacsi
07:51
built around online crime.
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lagu dhisay dambiyada internetka
07:54
One example of how these guys
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hal tusaale sida raggaani
07:56
actually are capable of monetizing their operations:
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ay lacag ugu helaan howlahooda
07:59
we go and have a look at the pages of INTERPOL
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waxaan fiirineynaa Bogga ''Booliska Aduunka''
08:02
and search for wanted persons.
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waxaana raadineynaa dadka la baadi goobaayo
08:04
We find guys like Bjorn Sundin, originally from Sweden,
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waxaan ujeednaa Ragg sida Bjorn Sundin oo asal ahaan Sweden kasoo jeeda
08:07
and his partner in crime,
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iyo dadka gacanta kusiiyay danbiyada
08:09
also listed on the INTERPOL wanted pages,
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waxaa lagu daray liiska dadka la baadi goobaayo ee Bogga Booliiska Caalamiga ah, ku qoran
08:11
Mr. Shaileshkumar Jain,
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Mr. Shaileshkumar Jain
08:13
a U.S. citizen.
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muwaadin Ameerikaan ah
08:15
These guys were running an operation called I.M.U.,
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Raggaani waxay wadeen howl la dhaho I.M.U.,
08:18
a cybercrime operation through which they netted millions.
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fal danbiyeed internetka ah kaasoo ay ka faa'iideyn malaayiin
08:21
They are both right now on the run.
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labadoodaba hada way baxsadeen
08:24
Nobody knows where they are.
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qof og majiro meesha ay joogaan
08:26
U.S. officials, just a couple of weeks ago,
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Saraakiisha mareekanka, isbuucyo dhowr ah kahor
08:28
froze a Swiss bank account
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waxay xireen Xisaab bangi oo iswiisarland ah
08:30
belonging to Mr. Jain,
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taasoo uu leeyahay Mr. Jain
08:32
and that bank account had 14.9 million U.S. dollars on it.
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waxaana kujirtay akoonkaas 14.9 Milyan Dollar
08:36
So the amount of money online crime generates
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Sidaa darteed, tirada lacaga laga helo falalka danbiyada internetka
08:39
is significant.
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way weyntahay.
08:41
And that means that the online criminals
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taasina waxay micno ka tahay, in danbiilayaashaasi internetka
08:43
can actually afford to invest into their attacks.
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ay maal galin karaan howlahooda
08:46
We know that online criminals
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waan oganahay danbiilayaashaasi internetka
08:48
are hiring programmers, hiring testing people,
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in ay kireystaan dad Barnaamijyada dhisa, ay kireystaan dad tijaabiya,
08:51
testing their code,
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tijaabiya furayaashaas
08:53
having back-end systems with SQL databases.
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waxay heystaan habab casri ah oo SQL databases wadata.
08:56
And they can afford to watch how we work --
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waxay wax ku bixin karaan oo ay fiirin karaan sidaan u shaqeyno
08:59
like how security people work --
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sida dadka amaanka suga ay u shaqeeyaan
09:01
and try to work their way around
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waxayna isku dayaan in ay wado u helaan
09:03
any security precautions we can build.
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hababka Amni ee aan dhisi karno
09:05
They also use the global nature of Internet
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waxayna u isticmaalaan deegaanka caalamiga ah ee Internetka
09:08
to their advantage.
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faa'iidadooda.
09:10
I mean, the Internet is international.
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waxaan ka wadaa, Internetku waa caalami
09:12
That's why we call it the Internet.
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sidaa darteed ayaan Internet ugu yeernaa
09:14
And if you just go and take a look
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hadii aan fiirino
09:16
at what's happening in the online world,
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waxa ka dhacaaya Dunida online-ka ah
09:19
here's a video built by Clarified Networks,
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kani waa Video ay dhiseen Clarified Networks,
09:21
which illustrates how one single malware family is able to move around the world.
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kaasoo cadeynaaya sida hal qoys oo barnaamijyadaasi wasaqda ah uu u awoodo in ku wareego aduunka
09:25
This operation, believed to be originally from Estonia,
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falkaani, waxaa la aaminsanyahay in asal ahaan uu ka imaado wadanka Estonia
09:28
moves around from one country to another
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waxa uu u dhaqaaqayaa wadan ka wadan.
09:30
as soon as the website is tried to shut down.
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isla markii la isku dayo in webkaas la xiro
09:32
So you just can't shut these guys down.
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marka ragaasi ma celin kareysid
09:35
They will switch from one country to another,
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waxay ka badalaan wadan ka wadan
09:37
from one jurisdiction to another --
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hal nidaam cadaalad kasii hal nidaam cadaalad kale
09:39
moving around the world,
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aduunka dhan ayay ku wareegsanayaan
09:41
using the fact that we don't have the capability
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waxay isticmaalayaan waxyaabo xaqiiq ah oo aynaan awoodeeda leheen
09:43
to globally police operations like this.
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Howlo Boliis caalami ah sidaan oo kale
09:46
So the Internet is as if
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marka waa Internet, oo ah sida
09:48
someone would have given free plane tickets
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qof la siiyay tikit diyaarad oo lacag la'aan ah
09:50
to all the online criminals of the world.
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dhamaan danbiilayaashaasi internet-ka ee Aduunka
09:53
Now, criminals who weren't capable of reaching us before
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Hada, danbiilayaashii awoodi waayay in ay nasoo gaaraan awal hore
09:56
can reach us.
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hada way nasoo gaari karaan
09:58
So how do you actually go around finding online criminals?
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Marka xaqiiq ahaan sidee ku raadin kartaa danbiilayaashaasi internetka?
10:01
How do you actually track them down?
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sidee u daba geli kartaa si hoose?
10:03
Let me give you an example.
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Tusaale aan idin siiyo
10:05
What we have here is one exploit file.
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waxa aan halkaan ku heysanaa Fayl Haleysan
10:08
Here, I'm looking at the Hex dump of an image file,
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Halkaan, waxaan fiirinayaa ''Hex-ka'' Sawir halaabay
10:12
which contains an exploit.
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kaasoo ka kooban wax amaanka hadidaaya
10:14
And that basically means, if you're trying to view this image file on your Windows computer,
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Taasoo lamicno ah, hadii aad isku daydid in sawirkaan aad ku dhex furto kuna fiiriso kambiyuutarkaaga windowska dhexdiisa
10:17
it actually takes over your computer and runs code.
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Kambiyuutarkaaga ayay qabsaneysaa oo waxa ay ka shaqeysiineysaa ''Fure ku qarsan''
10:20
Now, if you'll take a look at this image file --
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Hada. hadii aad sii fiiriso sawirkaan
10:23
well there's the image header,
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waa kan sawirka meesha uu ka bilaawdo
10:25
and there the actual code of the attack starts.
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Calaamada dhabta ah ee weerarkana halkaan ayay ka bilaabmeysaa
10:28
And that code has been encrypted,
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Calaamada waa la lanbareeyay
10:30
so let's decrypt it.
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marka aan furfurno lambaradaas
10:32
It has been encrypted with XOR function 97.
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waxaa loo adeegsaday XOR howlhalaha 97aad.
10:34
You just have to believe me,
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i rumeysta
10:36
it is, it is.
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ineey sidaan, ineey sidaan,
10:38
And we can go here
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waxaan aadi karnaa
10:40
and actually start decrypting it.
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oo aan bilaabi karnaa in aan furfurno
10:42
Well the yellow part of the code is now decrypted.
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Hagaag, qeybta kore ee Jaalaha ah hada way furfurmatay
10:44
And I know, it doesn't really look much different from the original.
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Hadana waan ogahay, in aysan ka duwanaaneyn mida asalka ah
10:47
But just keep staring at it.
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Laakiin sii fiiriya ayada
10:49
You'll actually see that down here
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Halkaan hoose waxaad oga jeedaan
10:51
you can see a Web address:
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waxaad ujeedaa website
10:53
unionseek.com/d/ioo.exe
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unionseek.com/d/ioo.exe
10:59
And when you view this image on your computer
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markii sawirkaan aad kambiyuutarkaaga ku furtid
11:01
it actually is going to download and run that program.
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waxay aadeysaa oo bilaabeysaa in Barnaamijkaas ay soo Dejiso
11:03
And that's a backdoor which will take over your computer.
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taasina waa albaabka danbe ee kambiyuutarkaaga qabsanaayo
11:06
But even more interestingly,
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laakiin wax kaloo ka xiiso badan
11:08
if we continue decrypting,
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hadii aan sii furfurno
11:10
we'll find this mysterious string,
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waxaan heleynaa ololahaan qarsoon
11:12
which says O600KO78RUS.
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oo dhahaayo O600KO78RUS.
11:17
That code is there underneath the encryption
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Lanbarkaasi waxa uu ka hooseeyaa furayaashaan hoostooda
11:19
as some sort of a signature.
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si saxiix ahaan camal
11:21
It's not used for anything.
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wax walbo looma isticmaalo
11:23
And I was looking at that, trying to figure out what it means.
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anigana waxaan isku dayay in aan ogaado waxa laga wado waxaas
11:26
So obviously I Googled for it.
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waxaan ka raadiyay Google
11:28
I got zero hits; wasn't there.
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wax natiijo ah ma aanan helin
11:30
So I spoke with the guys at the lab.
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waxaan la hadlay mid xarunta nagala shaqeeyo
11:32
And we have a couple of Russian guys in our labs,
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Ragg dhowr ah oo Ruush ah ayaana xarunta nala joogaan
11:34
and one of them mentioned,
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mid kamid ah ayaa waxa uu sheegay
11:36
well, it ends in RUS like Russia.
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Hagaag, RUS, in ay ku dhamaato sida Russia
11:38
And 78 is the city code
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lanbarka 79 uu yahay fure magaalo
11:40
for the city of St. Petersburg.
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Furaha Magaalada St. Petersburg.
11:42
For example, you can find it from some phone numbers
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Tusaale, waxaad heli kartaa qaar kamid ah telfoono
11:44
and car license plates and stuff like that.
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iyo Taargo baabuur iyo waxyaabo noocaan oo kale ah
11:47
So I went looking for contacts in St. Petersburg,
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waxaan baaray meelo lagala xariiro Magaalada St. Petersburg.
11:50
and through a long road,
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wada dheer dhexdeedana
11:52
we eventually found this one particular website.
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waxaan helnay website-kaan khaaska ah
11:56
Here's this Russian guy who's been operating online for a number of years
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Kani waa nin Ruush ah oo Internetka korkiisa ka shaqeysanaayay sanado badan
11:59
who runs his own website,
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kaasoo leh Web-kiisa khaaska ah
12:01
and he runs a blog under the popular Live Journal.
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sidoo kale Bog ku leh webka shacbiyada badan ee Live Journal.
12:04
And on this blog, he blogs about his life,
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Bogiisana, waxa uu kusoo qoraa wixii kusaabsan noloshiisa
12:06
about his life in St. Petersburg --
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noloshiisa magaalada St. Petersburg
12:08
he's in his early 20s --
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waxa uuna kujiraa bilaawgiisa sanadaha labaatameeyada
12:10
about his cat,
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Bisadiisa ayuu kahadlaa
12:12
about his girlfriend.
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Saaxiibtiisa
12:14
And he drives a very nice car.
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waxa uuna wataa Baabuur aad u qurux badan
12:16
In fact, this guy drives
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Xaqiiqdii, ninkaani waxa uu wataa
12:19
a Mercedes-Benz S600
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Baabuur Mercedes-Benz S600
12:21
V12
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V12
12:23
with a six-liter engine
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matoor 6 litir ah
12:25
with more than 400 horsepower.
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leh 400 fardo ah awoodooda wax kabadan
12:27
Now that's a nice car for a 20-something year-old kid in St. Petersburg.
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Waa baabuur qurux badan, oo canug labaatameeyo jiro uu wato magaalada St. Petersburg dhexdeeda
12:31
How do I know about this car?
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sideen ku ogaaday baabuurkiisa
12:33
Because he blogged about the car.
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maxaa yeelay asigaa soo galiyay Boggiisa
12:35
He actually had a car accident.
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shil baabuur ayuu galay
12:37
In downtown St. Petersburg,
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gudaha magaalada St. Petersburg
12:39
he actually crashed his car into another car.
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baabuurkiisa ayuu ku dhuftay baabuur kale
12:41
And he put blogged images about the car accident --
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waxa uu bogiisa soo dhigay sawiradii shilka baabuurkiisa
12:43
that's his Mercedes --
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kani waa Mercedes-kiisa
12:45
right here is the Lada Samara he crashed into.
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halkaasina waxaa yaalo baabuurkii Lada Samara-da ee baabuurkiisa ku dhacay
12:49
And you can actually see that the license plate of the Samara
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waadna arki kartaa taargada baabuurka Lada Samara-ha
12:52
ends in 78RUS.
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waxa ay ku dhamaataa, 78RUS
12:54
And if you actually take a look at the scene picture,
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hadii aad sii fiirisid sawirka dhacdada
12:57
you can see that the plate of the Mercedes
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waxaad arki kartaa Taargada Mercedes-ka
12:59
is O600KO78RUS.
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waa O600KO78RUS.
13:05
Now I'm not a lawyer,
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Hada aniga ma ihi abukaate
13:07
but if I would be,
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laakiin hadii aan ahaan lahaa
13:09
this is where I would say, "I rest my case."
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waa halka aan dhihi lahaa ''Meeshaan ayaan kiiskeyga kusoo xirayaa''
13:12
(Laughter)
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(Qosal)
13:14
So what happens when online criminals are caught?
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Marka maxaa dhaco markii la qabto danbiilayaasha internetka
13:17
Well in most cases it never gets this far.
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Hagaag, kiisaska badankooda sidaas uma fogaadaan
13:20
The vast majority of the online crime cases,
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Badanaa kiisaska danbiyada internetka
13:22
we don't even know which continent the attacks are coming from.
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ma ogin qaarada ay ka imaanayaan dagaaladaasi
13:25
And even if we are able to find online criminals,
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xataa hadii aan awoodno in aan helno danbiilayaasha internetka
13:28
quite often there is no outcome.
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badanaa majirto wax natiijo ah
13:30
The local police don't act, or if they do, there's not enough evidence,
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Booliska gudaha ah ma dhaqaaqaayo, xataa hadii ay dhaqaaqaan, cadeymo dhameystiran lama haayo
13:33
or for some reason we can't take them down.
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ama mararka qaar hoos uma dhigi karno
13:35
I wish it would be easier;
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waxaan jeclaan lahaa in ay fududaato
13:37
unfortunately it isn't.
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nasiib xumo ma fududo
13:39
But things are also changing
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laakiin waxyaabaha way is badalayaan
13:42
at a very rapid pace.
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si boobsiis ah oo aad u weyn
13:45
You've all heard about things like Stuxnet.
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waad maqasheen waxyaabaha sida Stuxnet.
13:48
So if you look at what Stuxnet did
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marka hadii aad fiiriso Stuxnet. waxa uu sameeyay
13:51
is that it infected these.
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waxa uu dhaawacay qalabkaan
13:53
That's a Siemens S7-400 PLC,
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waa Siemens S7-400 PLC,
13:56
programmable logic [controller].
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midaasi xakameysan ee shirkada Siemens ay Borograamisay
13:58
And this is what runs our infrastructure.
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kani waa midka maamulo hab dhismeedkeena hoose
14:01
This is what runs everything around us.
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kani waa waxa nagu wareegsan
14:04
PLC's, these small boxes which have no display,
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PLC, sunduuqyadaani yaryar ee shaashada aan leheen
14:07
no keyboard,
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ee Keyboadrka aan leheen
14:09
which are programmed, are put in place, and they do their job.
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ee la borograamiyay, waxaa la dhigaa meel, shaqadooda ayayna qabsadaan
14:11
For example, the elevators in this building
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Tusaale, wiishashka dhismooyinka
14:13
most likely are controlled by one of these.
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waxaa badanaa laga maamulaa kuwa sidaan oo kale ah
14:17
And when Stuxnet infects one of these,
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markii Stuxne uu ku dhaco kuwaan oo kale
14:20
that's a massive revolution
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taasi waa kacdoon weyn
14:22
on the kinds of risks we have to worry about.
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oo ah nooca khatarta larabo in aan ka welwelno
14:25
Because everything around us is being run by these.
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maxaa yeelay wax walboo nagu wareegsan waxaa lagu kiciyaa kuwaan
14:28
I mean, we have critical infrastructure.
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waxaan kawadaa, waxaan heysanaa Hab dhismeyd hoose oo dhaawacan
14:30
You go to any factory, any power plant,
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warshad walbo aad, iyo meel walbo tamarto lagu sameeyo
14:33
any chemical plant, any food processing plant,
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warshad walboo kiimiko ah, iyo warshad walboo cuntada ah
14:35
you look around --
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dhinacyadaada fiiri
14:37
everything is being run by computers.
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wax walbo waxaa lagu maamulaa Kambiyuutaro
14:39
Everything is being run by computers.
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wax walbo waxaa lagu maamulaa Kambiyuutaro
14:41
Everything is reliant on these computers working.
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wax walbo waxay ku tiirsanyihiin shaqada Kambiyuutaradaas
14:44
We have become very reliant
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waxaan noqonay dad kutiirsan
14:47
on Internet,
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Internet-ka
14:49
on basic things like electricity, obviously,
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waxyaabo aasaasa ah sida korontada
14:52
on computers working.
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ee ku shaqeynta kambiyuutarada
14:54
And this really is something
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tanina waa wax
14:56
which creates completely new problems for us.
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gabi ahaanba nagu abuuraayo dhibaatooyin cusub
14:58
We must have some way
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waa in aan heesanaa wadooyin
15:00
of continuing to work
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aan shaqadeena kusii wadan karno
15:02
even if computers fail.
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xataa hadii kambiyuutarada ay guul dareystaan
15:12
(Laughter)
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(Qosal)
15:14
(Applause)
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(Sacab)
15:24
So preparedness means that we can do stuff
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marka diyaargarowga wuxuu lamicno yahay in aan helno waxyaabo
15:27
even when the things we take for granted
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xataa waxyaabaha aan damaano qaadka u qaadanay
15:29
aren't there.
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hadii aysan meesha oolin
15:31
It's actually very basic stuff --
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Runtii waa waxyaabo aasaas ah
15:33
thinking about continuity, thinking about backups,
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ka fikiritaan sii socosho ah, ka fikiritaan dib isku kabid ah
15:36
thinking about the things that actually matter.
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ka fikiritaan waxyaabaha sida dhabta ah muhiimka u ah
15:39
Now I told you --
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hada waxaan idiin sheegayaa
15:42
(Laughter)
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(Qosal)
15:44
I love the Internet. I do.
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waan jeclahay Internetka
15:48
Think about all the services we have online.
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ka fikir dhamaan waxyaabaha aan onlineka ku heesano
15:51
Think about if they are taken away from you,
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ka fikir hadii waxyaabahaas lagaa qaato
15:54
if one day you don't actually have them
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hadii aadan maalin heysanin
15:56
for some reason or another.
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sabab ama sabab kaleba
15:58
I see beauty in the future of the Internet,
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waan ujeedaa quruxda Mustaqbalka Internetka
16:01
but I'm worried
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laakiin waan ka walwalsanahay
16:03
that we might not see that.
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in aan arki weyno taasi
16:05
I'm worried that we are running into problems
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Waxaan ka walwalsanahay in aan ku socono dhibaatooyin
16:07
because of online crime.
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ay sabab u tahay danbiyada Internetka
16:09
Online crime is the one thing
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Danbiyada Internetka waa hal wax
16:11
that might take these things away from us.
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taasoo naga qaadi karta waxyaabahan aan heysano
16:13
(Laughter)
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(Qosal)
16:16
I've spent my life
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Noloshayda waxaan ku dhameystay
16:18
defending the Net,
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difaaca internetka
16:21
and I do feel that if we don't fight online crime,
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waxaana dareemayaa hadii aan la dagaali weyno falal danbiyeedka Online-ka
16:24
we are running a risk of losing it all.
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waxaana ku soconaa khatar aan kuli ku weyn karno
16:28
We have to do this globally,
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waa in midaan aan sameyno si caalami ahaan
16:31
and we have to do it right now.
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waa in aan hada sameynaa
16:34
What we need
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waxaan u baahanahay
16:36
is more global, international law enforcement work
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waa xoogag amaan badan oo Caalami ah
16:39
to find online criminal gangs --
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si loo helo tuugada Internetka
16:41
these organized gangs
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Gaangiistaradaasi habeysan
16:43
that are making millions out of their attacks.
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ee weeraradooda malaayiinta ku hela
16:45
That's much more important
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waa wax aad oga muhiimsan
16:47
than running anti-viruses or running firewalls.
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in Virus-kahortage aan isticmaalno, ama Firewalls
16:49
What actually matters
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waxa dhabtii muhiimka ah
16:51
is actually finding the people behind these attacks,
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waa in la helaa dadkaas ka danbeeya weeraradaas
16:53
and even more importantly,
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waxaana aad oga sii muhiimsan
16:55
we have to find the people
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in aan helno dad
16:57
who are about to become
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u dhaw in ay noqdaan
16:59
part of this online world of crime,
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qeyb kamid ah, falal danbiyeedyada internetka aduunka
17:01
but haven't yet done it.
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laakiin weli ma aanan dhameysan
17:03
We have to find the people with the skills,
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waa in aan helnaa dad xirfado leh
17:06
but without the opportunities
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ee fursado aanan heysan
17:08
and give them the opportunities
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oo aan siino fursado
17:10
to use their skills for good.
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si xirafadahooda ay ugu isticmaalaan dhanka wanaagsan
17:13
Thank you very much.
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aad ayaad u mahadsantihiin
17:15
(Applause)
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(Sacab)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Mikko Hypponen - Cybersecurity expertAs computer access expands, Mikko Hypponen asks: What's the next killer virus, and will the world be able to cope with it? And also: How can we protect digital privacy in the age of government surveillance?
Why you should listen
The chief research officer at F-Secure Corporation in Finland, Mikko Hypponen has led his team through some of the largest computer virus outbreaks in history. His team took down the world-wide network used by the Sobig.F worm. He was the first to warn the world about the Sasser outbreak, and he has done classified briefings on the operation of the Stuxnet worm -- a hugely complex worm designed to sabotage Iranian nuclear enrichment facilities.
As a few hundred million more Internet users join the web from India and China and elsewhere, and as governments and corporations become more sophisticated at using viruses as weapons, Hypponen asks, what's next? Who will be at the front defending the world’s networks from malicious software? He says: "It's more than unsettling to realize there are large companies out there developing backdoors, exploits and trojans."
Even more unsettling: revelations this year that the United States' NSA is conducting widespread digital surveillance of both US citizens and anyone whose data passes through a US entity, and that it has actively sabotaged encryption algorithms. Hypponen has become one of the most outspoken critics of the agency's programs and asks us all: Why are we so willing to hand over digital privacy?
Read his open-season Q&A on Reddit:"My TED Talk was just posted. Ask me anything.
See the full documentary on the search for the Brain virus.
Mikko Hypponen | Speaker | TED.com