TED2013
Edith Widder: How we found the giant squid
Edit Vider (Edith Widder): Kako smo pronašli džinovsku lignju
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Čovečanstvo traga za džinovskom lignjom (Architeuthis) otkada smo počeli da pravimo prve fotografije pod vodom. Ali ova neuhvatljiva grabljivica nikada nije snimljena. Okeanograf i pronalazač Edit Vider deli sa nama ključni uvid - i timski rad - koji je pomogao da se napravi video snimak ove lignje po prvi put.
Edith Widder - Marine biologist
Edith Widder combines her expertise in research and technological innovation with a commitment to stopping and reversing the degradation of our marine environment. Full bio
Edith Widder combines her expertise in research and technological innovation with a commitment to stopping and reversing the degradation of our marine environment. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
The Kraken, a beast so terrifying
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Kraken,
zver tako zastrašujuća
zver tako zastrašujuća
00:19
it was said to devour men and ships and whales,
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govorilo se da proždire ljude,
brodove i kitove,
brodove i kitove,
00:23
and so enormous it could be mistaken for an island.
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i tako velika da može da se
pobrka sa ostrvom.
pobrka sa ostrvom.
00:26
In assessing the merits of such tales,
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U procenjivanju zasluga ovakvih priča,
00:29
it's probably wise to keep in mind that old sailor's saw
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verovatno je mudro imati na umu
izreku starog moreplovca
izreku starog moreplovca
00:32
that the only difference between a fairytale and a sea story
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da je jedina razlika
između bajke i morske priče
između bajke i morske priče
00:35
is a fairytale begins, "Once upon a time,"
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ta što bajka počinje sa:
"Bilo jednom..."
"Bilo jednom..."
00:38
and a sea story begins, "This ain't no shit." (Laughter)
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a morska priča sa: "Nije zajebancija...".
(Smeh)
(Smeh)
00:43
Every fish that gets away
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Svaka riba koja pobegne
00:45
grows with every telling of the tale.
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raste sa svakim pričanjem priče.
00:47
Nevertheless, there are giants in the ocean,
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Ipak, ima džinova u okeanu,
00:49
and we now have video proof,
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i sada imamo video dokaz,
00:52
as those of you that saw the Discovery Channel documentary are no doubt aware.
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čega su nesumnjivo svesni oni od vas koji su gledali dokumentarac Diskaveri kanala.
00:56
I was one of the three scientists on this expedition
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Ja sam bila jedan od tri naučnika
na ovoj ekspediciji
na ovoj ekspediciji
00:59
that took place last summer off Japan.
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koja se desila prošlog leta
u vodama Japana.
u vodama Japana.
01:01
I'm the short one.
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Ja sam ova mala.
01:03
The other two are Dr. Tsunemi Kubodera and Dr. Steve O'Shea.
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Ostalih dvoje su dr Cunemi Kubodera
i dr Stiv O'Šej.
i dr Stiv O'Šej.
01:08
I owe my participation in this now-historic event
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Ja dugujem svoje učešće u ovom
sada istorijskom događaju,
sada istorijskom događaju,
01:11
to TED.
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TED-u.
01:13
In 2010, there was a TED event called Mission Blue
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2010. bio je TED događaj
zvani "Plava misija"
zvani "Plava misija"
01:16
held aboard the Lindblad Explorer in the Galapagos
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održan na Lindblad eksploreru
na Galapagosu
na Galapagosu
01:19
as part of the fulfillment of Sylvia Earle's TED wish.
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kao deo ispunjavanja TED želje Silvije Erl.
01:23
I spoke about a new way of exploring the ocean,
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Ja sam govorila o novom načinu
istraživanja okeana,
istraživanja okeana,
01:25
one that focuses on attracting animals instead of scaring them away.
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onom koji se fokusira na privlačenje životinja
umesto na njihovo plašenje.
umesto na njihovo plašenje.
01:30
Mike deGruy was also invited,
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Majk De Gri je takođe bio pozvan,
01:32
and he spoke with great passion about his love of the ocean,
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i on je govorio sa velikom strašću o svojoj
ljubavi prema okeanu,
ljubavi prema okeanu,
01:36
and he also talked to me about applying my approach
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i takođe je govorio meni
o primeni mog pristupa
o primeni mog pristupa
01:38
to something he's been involved with for a very long time,
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u nečemu u šta je on bio uključen
veoma dugo,
veoma dugo,
01:41
which is the hunt for the giant squid.
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a to je lov na džinovsku lignju.
01:44
It was Mike that got me invited to the squid summit,
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Majk je bio taj koji me je pozvao
na samit o lignjama,
na samit o lignjama,
01:48
a gathering of squid experts at the Discovery Channel
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skup stručnjaka za lignje na Diskaveri kanalu
01:52
that summer during Shark Week. (Laughter)
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tog leta tokom Nedelje ajkula.
(Smeh)
(Smeh)
01:57
I gave a talk on unobtrusive viewing
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Ja sam govorila o neupadljivom posmatranju
02:00
and optical luring of deep sea squid
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i optičkom primamljivanju lignje iz dubina
02:02
in which I emphasized the importance
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u kome sam istakla važnost
02:04
of using quiet, unobtrusive platforms for exploration.
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korišćenja tihe, neupadljive
platforme za istraživanje.
platforme za istraživanje.
02:09
This came out of hundreds of dives I have made,
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Ovo je došlo od stotina urona
koje sam imala,
koje sam imala,
02:12
farting around in the dark
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potucanja u mraku,
02:14
using these platforms,
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koristeći ove platforme,
02:17
and my impression that I saw more animals
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i moj je utisak da sam videla više životinja
02:21
working from the submersible
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radeći sa podvodnog vozila
02:23
than I did with either of the remote-operated vehicles.
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nego što sam videla sa oba
vozila na daljinsko upravljanje.
vozila na daljinsko upravljanje.
02:25
But that could just be because the submersible has a wider field of view.
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Ali to je možda samo zato što podvodno vozilo
ima šire vidno polje.
ima šire vidno polje.
02:29
But I also felt like I saw more animals
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Ali takođe sam osećala kao da sam
videla više životinja
videla više životinja
02:30
working with the Tiburon than the Ventana,
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radeći sa Tiburonom nego sa Ventanom,
02:32
two vehicles with the same field of view
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dva vozila sa istim vidnim poljem
02:35
but different propulsion systems.
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ali različitim pogonom.
02:37
So my suspicion was that it might have something to do with the amount of noise they make.
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Tako da sam posumnjala da to može da ima veze
sa količinom buke koju prave.
sa količinom buke koju prave.
02:41
So I set up a hydrophone on the bottom of the ocean,
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Tako da sam postavila hidrofon na dno okeana,
02:43
and I had each of these fly by at the same speed and distance
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i izvela sam da svaki prođe istom brzinom
i na istom odstojanju
i na istom odstojanju
02:46
and recorded the sound they made.
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i snimila zvuk koji proizvode.
02:48
The Johnson Sea-Link -- (whirring noise) --
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Džonson Si-Link - (zujanje) -
02:50
which you can probably just barely hear here,
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što verovatno jedva da možete da čujete ovde,
02:53
uses electric thrusters -- very, very quiet.
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koristi električne potiskivače - veoma tiho.
02:56
The Tiburon also uses electric powered thrusters.
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"Tiburon" takođe koristi potiskivače sa
električnim napajanjem.
električnim napajanjem.
03:00
It's also pretty quiet, but a bit noisier. (Louder whirring noise)
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To je takođe vrlo tiho, ali za nijansu bučnije.
(Glasnije zujanje)
(Glasnije zujanje)
03:05
But most deep-diving ROVs these days use hydraulics
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Ali vozila na daljinsko upravljanje koja se
najčešće koriste danas, koriste hidrauliku
najčešće koriste danas, koriste hidrauliku
03:08
and they sound like the Ventana. (Loud beeping noise)
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i zvuče kao "Ventana".
(Glasno pištanje)
(Glasno pištanje)
03:11
I think that's got to be scaring a lot of animals away.
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Mislim da to mora da preplaši mnoge životinje.
03:15
So for the deep sea squid hunt,
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Tako da za lov na lignje iz dubina,
03:17
I proposed using an optical lure
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predlažem korišćenje optičkog mamca
03:19
attached to a camera platform
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pričvršćenog za platformu kamere
03:22
with no thrusters, no motors,
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bez potiskivača, bez motora,
03:26
just a battery-powered camera,
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samo kamera na baterije
03:29
and the only illumination coming from red light
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i jedino osvetljenje dolazi od crvenog svetla
03:32
that's invisible to most deep-sea animals
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koje je nevidljivo za mnoge životinje iz dubina
03:34
that are adapted to see primarily blue.
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koje su se adaptirale da vide
prvenstveno plavu boju.
prvenstveno plavu boju.
03:37
That's visible to our eye,
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To je vidljivo našem oku,
03:38
but it's the equivalent of infrared in the deep sea.
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ali je ekvivalent infracrvenog za morske dubine.
03:42
So this camera platform, which we called the Medusa,
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Ova platforma za kameru,
koju smo nazvali Meduza,
koju smo nazvali Meduza,
03:45
could just be thrown off the back of the ship,
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mogla je samo da bude bačena
sa zadnjeg dela broda,
sa zadnjeg dela broda,
03:47
attached to a float at the surface with over 2,000 feet of line,
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pričvršćena za plovak na površini
sa preko 600 metara strune,
sa preko 600 metara strune,
03:52
it would just float around passively carried by the currents,
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samo bi plutala okolo pasivno nošena strujama,
03:56
and the only light visible to the animals in the deep
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i jedino svetlo vidljivo životinjama u dubini
04:01
would be the blue light of the optical lure,
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bilo bi plavo svetlo optičkog mamca,
04:05
which we called the electronic jellyfish, or e-jelly,
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koga smo nazvali elektronska meduza
ili e-duza,
ili e-duza,
04:09
because it was designed to imitate
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jer je dizajnirana da oponaša
04:11
the bioluminescent display
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bioluminescentno prikazivanje
04:14
of the common deep sea jellyfish Atolla.
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uobičajene dubinske meduze Atole.
04:17
Now, this pinwheel of light that the Atolla produces
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Ova vetrenjača svetla koje Atola proizvodi
04:21
is known as a bioluminescent burglar alarm
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je poznata kao bioluminescentni alarmni uređaj
04:24
and is a form of defense.
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i oblik je odbrane.
04:26
The reason that the electronic jellyfish worked as a lure
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Razlog zbog koga je elektronska meduza
funkcionisala kao mamac
funkcionisala kao mamac
04:29
is not because giant squid eat jellyfish,
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nije zbog toga što džinovska lignja
jede meduze,
jede meduze,
04:32
but it's because this jellyfish only resorts to producing this light
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nego zato što ova meduza jedino pribegava
proizvodnji ovog svetla
proizvodnji ovog svetla
04:36
when it's being chewed on by a predator
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kada je žvaće grabljivica
04:39
and its only hope for escape
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i njena jedina nada za spas je
04:41
may be to attract the attention of a larger predator
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da možda privuče pažnju veće grabljivice
04:44
that will attack its attacker
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koja će napasti njenog napadača
04:46
and thereby afford it an opportunity for escape.
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i time joj omogućiti šansu za bekstvo.
04:49
It's a scream for help, a last-ditch attempt for escape,
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To je poziv u pomoć,
poslednji pokušaj za bekstvo
poslednji pokušaj za bekstvo
04:53
and a common form of defense in the deep sea.
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i uobičajen oblik odbrane u dubinama.
04:56
The approach worked.
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Pristup je uspeo.
04:58
Whereas all previous expeditions had failed to garner
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Dok sve prethodne ekspedicije
nisu uspele da sakupe
nisu uspele da sakupe
05:02
a single video glimpse of the giant,
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nijedan jedini snimak ovog džina,
05:04
we managed six, and the first triggered wild excitement.
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mi smo uspeli šest i prvi je izazvao
fantastično uzbuđenje.
fantastično uzbuđenje.
05:09
Edith Widder (on video): Oh my God. Oh my God! Are you kidding me?Other scientists: Oh ho ho! That's just hanging there.
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Edit Vider (na snimku): O bože, O bože! Zezaš me!
Ostali naučnici: O ho ho! Upravo stoji tamo.
Ostali naučnici: O ho ho! Upravo stoji tamo.
05:22
EW: It was like it was teasing us, doing a kind of fan dance --
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Edit Vider: Izgledalo je kao da nas zadirkuje,
da izvodi ples sa lepezama -
da izvodi ples sa lepezama -
05:25
now you see me, now you don't --
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sad me vidiš, sad me ne vidiš -
05:27
and we had four such teasing appearances,
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i bilo je četiri takva izazivajuća pojavljivanja,
05:30
and then on the fifth, it came in and totally wowed us.
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i onda u petom, pojavila se
i totalno nas zabezeknula.
i totalno nas zabezeknula.
05:36
(Music) Narrator: (Speaking in Japanese)
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(Muzika) Pripovedač: (Govori na Japanskom)
05:40
Scientists: Ooh. Bang! Oh my God! Whoa!
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Naučnici: Ooh! O bože! Uuu!
05:52
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
05:55
EW: The full monty.
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E.V.: Potpuno prikazivanje.
06:00
What really wowed me about that
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Ono što me je stvarno zabezeknulo
06:01
was the way it came in up over the e-jelly
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je to kako je došla iznad e-duze
06:03
and then attacked the enormous thing next to it,
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i onda napala ogromnu stvar pored nje,
06:05
which I think it mistook for the predator on the e-jelly.
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koju je, ja mislim, pobrkala
sa grabljivicom e-duze.
sa grabljivicom e-duze.
06:09
But even more incredible was the footage shot
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Ali još neverovatniji je bio materijal snimljen
06:11
from the Triton submersible.
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sa podvodnog vozila Triton.
06:14
What was not mentioned in the Discovery documentary
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U dokumentarcu Diskaverija nije pomenuto
06:17
was that the bait squid that Dr. Kubodera used,
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da je lignja-mamac
koju je koristio doktor Kubodera,
koju je koristio doktor Kubodera,
06:20
a one-meter long diamondback squid
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lignja dijamantskih leđa
dugačka jedan metar,
dugačka jedan metar,
06:24
had a light attached to it, a squid jig
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imala pričvršćeno svetlo za sebe,
mamac za lignje
mamac za lignje
06:26
of the type that longline fishermen use,
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poput onog koji koriste komercijalni ribolovci,
06:29
and I think it was this light
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i mislim da je to svetlo bilo ono
06:31
that brought the giant in.
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što je primamilo ovog džina.
06:33
Now, what you're seeing
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Ono što sada vidite
06:35
is the intensified camera's view under red light,
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je pojačan pogled kamere pod crvenim svetlom,
06:40
and that's all Dr. Kubodera could see when the giant comes in here.
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i to je sve što je dr Kubodera mogao da vidi
kad je džin došao.
kad je džin došao.
06:44
And then he got so excited,
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I onda se toliko uzbudio,
06:47
he turned on his flashlight because he wanted to see better,
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da je uključio svoju baterijsku lampu
zato što je hteo da vidi bolje
zato što je hteo da vidi bolje
06:50
and the giant didn't run away,
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i džin nije pobegao,
06:52
so he risked turning on the white lights on the submersible,
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tako da je rizikovao uključivši
bela svetla na podmornici,
bela svetla na podmornici,
06:55
bringing a creature of legend
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i preneo biće iz legende
06:58
from the misty history into high-resolution video.
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iz maglovite istorije na video snimak
visoke rezolucije.
visoke rezolucije.
07:03
It was absolutely breathtaking,
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Bilo je apsolutno zadivljujuće,
07:06
and had this animal had its feeding tentacles intact
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i da su pipci za ishranu
ove životinje bili netaknuti
ove životinje bili netaknuti
07:09
and fully extended,
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i potpuno izduženi,
07:11
it would have been as tall as a two-story house.
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bila bi visoka kao dvospratna kuća.
07:14
How could something that big
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Kako je nešto te veličine moglo
07:17
live in our ocean and yet remain unfilmed until now?
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do sada da živi u našem okeanu
i da ga niko ne snimi?
i da ga niko ne snimi?
07:21
We've only explored about five percent of our ocean.
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Mi smo samo istražili
oko pet procenata našeg okeana.
oko pet procenata našeg okeana.
07:25
There are great discoveries yet to be made down there,
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Ima još velikih otkrića
koja treba da se dese tamo dole,
koja treba da se dese tamo dole,
07:28
fantastic creatures representing millions of years of evolution
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fantastičnih stvorenja koja predstavljaju
milione godina evolucije
milione godina evolucije
07:33
and possibly bioactive compounds
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i možda bioaktivnih jedinjenja
07:35
that could benefit us in ways that we can't even yet imagine.
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koja bi mogla da nam koriste na načine
koje ne možemo ni da zamislimo.
koje ne možemo ni da zamislimo.
07:38
Yet we have spent only a tiny fraction
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Ipak trošimo samo mali deo
07:42
of the money on ocean exploration
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para na istraživanje okeana
07:45
that we've spent on space exploration.
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od onog što trošimo za istraživanje svemira.
07:47
We need a NASA-like organization for ocean exploration,
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Treba nam organizacija po ugledu na NASA
za istraživanje okeana,
za istraživanje okeana,
07:51
because we need to be exploring and protecting
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zato što treba da istražujemo i čuvamo
07:54
our life support systems here on Earth.
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naše životne sisteme ovde na Zemlji.
07:56
We need — thank you. (Applause)
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Moramo - hvala vam.
(Aplauz)
(Aplauz)
08:03
Exploration is the engine that drives innovation.
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Istraživanje je mašina koja vuče inovaciju.
08:05
Innovation drives economic growth.
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Inovacija vuče ekonomski rast.
08:08
So let's all go exploring,
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Zato hajde svi da istražujemo,
08:10
but let's do it in a way that doesn't scare the animals away,
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ali činimo to na način
koji ne plaši životinje,
koji ne plaši životinje,
08:13
or, as Mike deGruy once said,
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ili kako je Majk De Gri jednom rekao,
08:15
"If you want to get away from it all
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"Ako hoćete da uradite nesto nesvakidašnje
08:17
and see something you've never seen,
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i vidite nešto što nikada niste videli,
08:19
or have an excellent chance of seeing something that no one's ever seen,
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ili imate odličnu priliku da vidite
nešto što niko drugi nije video,
nešto što niko drugi nije video,
08:22
get in a sub."
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uđite u podmornicu."
08:24
He should have been with us for this adventure.
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On je trebalo da bude sa nama na ovoj avanturi.
08:26
We miss him.
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Nedostaje nam.
08:28
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Edith Widder - Marine biologistEdith Widder combines her expertise in research and technological innovation with a commitment to stopping and reversing the degradation of our marine environment.
Why you should listen
A specialist in bioluminescence, Edith Widder helps design and invent new submersible instruments and equipment to study bioluminescence and enable unobtrusive observation of deep-sea environments. Her innovative tools for exploration have produced footage of rare and wonderful bioluminescent displays and never-before-seen denizens of the deep, including, most recently, the first video ever recorded of the giant squid, Architeuthis, in its natural habitat.
In 2005 she founded the Ocean Research & Conservation Association (ORCA), which is dedicated to protecting aquatic ecosystems and the species they sustain through the development of innovative technologies and science-based conservation action.; In an effort to protect and revitalize the ocean she loves she has been focusing on developing tools for finding and tracking pollution -- a major threat to all of our water ecosystems and ultimately to human health. She was awarded a MacArthur "genius" grant in 2006.
In 2012, Widder was among the team that filmed the giant squid (Architeuthis) for the first time in its home ocean.
Edith Widder | Speaker | TED.com