TEDCity2.0
Diébédo Francis Kéré: How to build with clay ... and community
Diebedo Fransis Kere (Diebedo Francis Kere): Kako graditi uz pomoć gline i zajednice
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Diebedo Fransis Kere je znao tačno šta želi da radi kada je dobio diplomu arhitekte. Želeo je da se vrati u rodno mesto Gando u Burkini Faso, kako bi pomogao svojim susedima da ubiraju plodove njegovog obrazovanja. U ovom šarmantnom govoru, Kere pokazuje neke od divnih struktura čiju je izgradnju pomogao u svom malom selu proteklih godina. Među njima je i nagrađivana osnovna škola za celu zajednicu, napravljena od gline.
Diébédo Francis Kéré - Community-minded architect
Diébédo Francis Kéré and his architectural firm design buildings that are good for the environment -- and those who use them. Full bio
Diébédo Francis Kéré and his architectural firm design buildings that are good for the environment -- and those who use them. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
I would like to show you how
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Želeo bih da vam pokažem
00:15
architecture has helped
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kako je arhitektura pomogla
00:18
to change the life of my community
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da se promeni život
u mojoj zajednici
u mojoj zajednici
00:21
and has opened opportunities to hope.
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i kako je pružila priliku za nadu.
00:26
I am a native of Burkina Faso.
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Rođen sam u Burkini Faso.
00:29
According to the World Bank, Burkina Faso
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Prema Svetskoj banci,
Burkina Faso
Burkina Faso
00:32
is one of the poorest countries in the world,
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je jedna od najsiromašnijih
zemalja na svetu,
zemalja na svetu,
00:35
but what does it look like
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ali kako izgleda
00:38
to grow up in a place like that?
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odrastati na takvom mestu?
00:41
I am an example of that.
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Ja sam primer toga.
00:44
I was born in a little village called Gando.
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Rođen sam u malom selu
zvanom Gando.
zvanom Gando.
00:48
In Gando, there was no electricity,
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U Gandu nije bilo struje,
00:52
no access to clean drinking water, and no school.
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ni pristupa čistoj,
pitkoj vodi, ni škole.
pitkoj vodi, ni škole.
00:57
But my father wanted me
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Ali moj otac je želeo
00:59
to learn how to read and write.
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da naučim da čitam i pišem.
01:01
For this reason, I had to leave my family
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Iz tog razloga,
morao sam napustiti porodicu
morao sam napustiti porodicu
01:06
when I was seven and to stay in a city
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kad sam imao sedam godina,
i otići u grad
i otići u grad
01:09
far away from my village
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daleko od mog sela,
01:11
with no contact with my family.
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bez kontakta sa mojom porodicom.
01:15
In this place I sat
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Na tom mestu sam sedeo
01:19
in a class like that
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u razredu poput ovog,
01:21
with more than 150 other kids,
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sa više od 150 dece,
01:24
and for six years.
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tokom šest godina.
01:27
In this time, it just happened to me to come to school
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U to vreme, desilo mi se
da sam došao u školu
da sam došao u školu
01:31
to realize that my classmate died.
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i shvatio da je moj
drug iz odelenja umro.
drug iz odelenja umro.
01:37
Today, not so much has changed.
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Danas, nije se mnogo
toga promenilo.
toga promenilo.
01:41
There is still no electricity in my village.
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Još uvek nema struje u mom selu.
01:46
People still are dying in Burkina Faso,
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Ljudi i dalje umiru u Burkini Faso,
01:48
and access to clean drinking water
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i pristup čistoj vodi za piće
01:52
is still a big problem.
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je i dalje veliki problem.
01:56
I had luck. I was lucky, because this is a fact of life
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Imao sam sreće.
Činjenica je da sam bio srećan
Činjenica je da sam bio srećan
02:04
when you grow up in a place like that.
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jer sam uspeo da odrastem
na takvom mestu.
na takvom mestu.
02:06
But I was lucky.
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Ali imao sam sreće.
02:09
I had a scholarship.
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Dobio sam stipendiju.
02:11
I could go to Germany to study.
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Mogao sam ići
u Nemačku da studiram.
u Nemačku da studiram.
02:15
So now, I suppose,
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Tako da sada, pretpostavljam,
02:19
I don't need to explain to you how great a privilege
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nema potrebe da vam objašnjavam
kako je velika privilegija
kako je velika privilegija
02:24
it is for me to be standing before you today.
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za mene što stojim ovde
pred vama danas.
pred vama danas.
02:28
From Gando, my home village in Burkina Faso,
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Iz Ganda, mog rodnog
sela u Burkini Faso,
sela u Burkini Faso,
02:32
to Berlin in Germany to become an architect
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do Berlina u Nemačkoj
da bih postao arhitekta,
da bih postao arhitekta,
02:37
is a big, big step.
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to je veliki, veliki korak.
02:42
But what to do with this privilege?
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Ali šta da radim sa tom privilegijom?
02:47
Since I was a student, I wanted to open up
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S obzirom da sam bio student,
želeo sam da pružim
želeo sam da pružim
02:51
better opportunities to other kids in Gando.
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bolje prilike ostaloj deci u Gandu.
02:54
I just wanted to use my skills and build a school.
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Samo sam želeo da upotrebim
svoje veštine i izgradim školu.
svoje veštine i izgradim školu.
02:57
But how do you do it when you're still a student
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Ali kako da to uradiš
dok si još student
dok si još student
03:00
and you don't have money?
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i nemaš novca?
03:02
Oh yes, I started to make drawings
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O da, počeo sam da crtam
03:05
and asked for money.
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i tražio novac.
03:07
Fundraising was not an easy task.
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Skupljanje sredstava
nije lak zadatak.
nije lak zadatak.
03:11
I even asked my classmates
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Čak sam pitao
svoje kolege studente
svoje kolege studente
03:13
to spend less money on coffee and cigarettes,
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da troše manje novca
na kafu i cigarete,
na kafu i cigarete,
03:17
but to sponsor my school project.
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da bi sponzorisali moj projekat škole.
03:20
In real wonder, two years later,
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Za pravo čudo, dve godine kasnije,
03:24
I was able to collect 50,000 U.S. dollars.
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sakupio sam 50 000 američkih dolara.
03:30
When I came home to Gando
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Kada sam došao kući u Gando
03:33
to bring the good news,
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i doneo dobre vesti,
03:35
my people were over the moon,
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moji ljudi su bili presrećni,
03:39
but when they realized
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ali kada su shvatili
03:41
that I was planning to use clay,
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da planiram da koristim glinu,
03:44
they were shocked.
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bili su šokirani.
03:46
"A clay building is not able to stand a rainy season,
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"Zgrada od gline ne može
da opstane kroz kišnu sezonu,
da opstane kroz kišnu sezonu,
03:50
and Francis wants us to use it and build a school.
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a Fransis hoće da je koristi
za izgradnju škole.
za izgradnju škole.
03:55
Is this the reason why he spent so much time
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Da li je zato
proveo tako mnogo vremena
proveo tako mnogo vremena
03:58
in Europe studying
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studirajući u Evropi,
04:00
instead of working in the field with us?"
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umesto da je radio u polju sa nama?"
04:04
My people build all the time with clay,
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Moj narod stalno gradi pomoću gline,
04:08
but they don't see any innovation with mud.
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ali oni ne vide nikakvu inovaciju u blatu.
04:13
So I had to convince everybody.
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Pa sam morao da ih sve ubedim.
04:15
I started to speak with the community,
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Počeo sam da se obraćam zajednici,
04:19
and I could convince everybody,
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i uspeo sve da ubedim,
04:21
and we could start to work.
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i mogli smo početi sa radom.
04:24
And the women, the men,
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I žene, i muškarci,
04:26
everybody from the village,
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svi iz sela,
04:28
was part of this building process.
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svi su bili deo
ovog procesa izgradnje.
ovog procesa izgradnje.
04:30
I was allowed to use even traditional techniques.
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Bilo mi je dozvoljeno čak
i da koristim tradicionalne tehnike.
i da koristim tradicionalne tehnike.
04:34
So clay floor for example,
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Tako na primer, zemljani pod,
04:36
the young men come and stand like that, beating,
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mladići stanu ovako i udaraju
04:40
hours for hours,
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satima i satima,
04:42
and then their mothers came,
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a zatim dođu njihove majke,
04:43
and they are beating in this position,
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i one udaraju u ovom položaju,
04:47
for hours, giving water and beating.
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satima, dodaju vodu i udaraju.
04:52
And then the polishers come.
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Zatim su došli ljudi koji poliraju.
04:53
They start polishing it with a stone for hours.
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Poliraju kamenom satima.
04:58
And then you have this result,
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I onda imate ovaj rezultat,
05:03
very fine, like a baby bottom.
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veoma fin, kao bebina guza.
05:07
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
05:08
It's not photoshopped. (Laughter)
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Nije obrađeno u fotošopu.
(Smeh)
(Smeh)
05:14
This is the school, built with the community.
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Ovo je škola,
izgrađena sa zajednicom.
izgrađena sa zajednicom.
05:17
The walls are totally made out
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Zidovi su u celosti izgrađeni
05:19
of compressed clay blocks from Gando.
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od kompresovanih, glinenih
blokova iz Ganda.
blokova iz Ganda.
05:23
The roof structure is made
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Krovna konstrukcija je izgrađena
05:26
with cheap steel bars
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od jeftinih čeličnih šipki
05:29
normally hiding inside concrete.
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koje se inače kriju unutar betona.
05:32
And the classroom, the ceiling is made
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I u učionici, plafon je napravljen
05:36
out of both of them used together.
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od jednog i drugog zajedno.
05:38
In this school, there was a simple idea:
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Kod ove škole,
postojala je jednostavna ideja:
postojala je jednostavna ideja:
05:41
to create comfort in a classroom.
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stvoriti komfor u učionici.
05:45
Don't forget, it can be 45 degrees in Burkina Faso,
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Ne zaboravite, u Burkini Faso
može biti i 45 stepeni,
može biti i 45 stepeni,
05:50
so with simple ventilation,
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pa sam jednostavnom ventilacijom
05:52
I wanted to make the classroom
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želeo napraviti učionicu
05:54
good for teaching and learning.
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dobrom za predavanje i učenje.
05:57
And this is the project today,
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Ovo je projekat danas,
06:00
12 years old, still in best condition.
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star 12 godina,
još uvek u najboljem stanju.
još uvek u najboljem stanju.
06:03
And the kids, they love it.
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I deca je obožavaju.
06:09
And for me and my community,
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Za mene i moju zajednicu,
06:12
this project was a huge success.
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ovaj projekat je bio ogroman uspeh.
06:16
It has opened up opportunities
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Otvorio je prilike
06:19
to do more projects in Gando.
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za mnoge projekte u Gandu.
06:21
So I could do a lot of projects,
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Tako da sam mogao
uraditi mnogo projekata,
uraditi mnogo projekata,
06:24
and here I am going to share with you
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i ovde sam da podelim sa vama
06:27
only three of them.
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samo tri od njih.
06:29
The first one is the school extension, of course.
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Prvi je, naravno, proširenje škole.
06:33
How do you explain drawings and engineering
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Kako da objasnite nacrte i inženjerstvo
06:36
to people who are neither able to read nor write?
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ljudima koji ne znaju da čitaju i pišu?
06:40
I started to build a prototype like that.
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Počeo sam tako
da gradim prototip.
da gradim prototip.
06:43
The innovation was to build a clay vault.
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Inovacija je bila
izgradnja zemljanog luka.
izgradnja zemljanog luka.
06:46
So then, I jumped on the top like that,
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Onda sam skočio tako na vrh,
06:49
with my team, and it works.
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sa svojim timom, i uspelo je.
06:51
The community is looking. It still works.
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Zajednica posmatra.
Još uvek stoji.
Još uvek stoji.
06:53
So we can build. (Laughter)
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Pa možemo graditi.
(Smeh)
(Smeh)
06:56
And we kept building, and that is the result.
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Nastavili smo da gradimo
i ovo je rezultat.
i ovo je rezultat.
07:00
The kids are happy, and they love it.
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Deca su srećna,
sviđa im se.
sviđa im se.
07:04
The community is very proud. We made it.
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Zajednica je veoma ponosna.
Mi smo to izgradili.
Mi smo to izgradili.
07:08
And even animals, like these donkeys,
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Čak i životinje, kao ovi magarci,
07:12
love our buildings.
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vole naše zgrade.
07:14
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
07:18
The next project is the library in Gando.
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Sledeći projekat
je biblioteka u Gandu.
je biblioteka u Gandu.
07:22
And see now, we tried to introduce
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I vidite sad,
pokušali smo da uvedemo
pokušali smo da uvedemo
07:26
different ideas in our buildings,
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drugačije ideje u naše zgrade,
07:28
but we often don't have so much material.
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ali često nemamo mnogo materijala.
07:32
Something we have in Gando are clay pots.
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Nešto što imamo u Gandu
su glineni lonci.
su glineni lonci.
07:36
We wanted to use them to create openings.
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Želeli smo da ih koristimo
za stvaranje otvora.
za stvaranje otvora.
07:39
So we just bring them like you can see
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Pa ih donesemo, kao što vidite,
07:41
to the building site.
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na mesto izgradnje.
07:43
we start cutting them,
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Počnemo da ih sečemo,
07:46
and then we place them on top of the roof
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i onda ih postavimo po krovu
07:49
before we pour the concrete,
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pre nego što izlijemo beton,
07:51
and you have this result.
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i imate ovaj rezultat.
07:53
The openings are letting the hot air out
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Otvori puštaju van vreli vazduh,
07:56
and light in.
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a svetlost unutra.
07:58
Very simple.
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Veoma jednostavno.
08:00
My most recent project in Gando
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Moj najskoriji projekat u Gandu
08:03
is a high school project.
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je projekat srednje škole.
08:05
I would like to share with you this.
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Želeo bih ovo da podelim sa vama.
08:07
The innovation in this project
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Inovacija u ovom projektu
08:09
is to cast mud like you cast concrete.
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je izlivanje blata,
poput izlivanja betona.
poput izlivanja betona.
08:14
How do you cast mud?
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Kako izliti blato?
08:16
We start making a lot of mortars, like you can see,
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Počeli smo izradom dosta maltera,
kao što možete videti,
kao što možete videti,
08:19
and when everything is ready,
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i kada je sve spremno,
08:21
when you know what is the best recipe
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kada znate koji je najbolji recept,
08:23
and the best form,
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i najbolji oblik,
08:25
you start working with the community.
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počnete da radite sa zajednicom.
08:27
And sometimes I can leave.
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Ponekad mogu i da odem.
08:29
They will do it themselves.
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Oni će uraditi sve sami.
08:31
I came to speak to you like that.
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Tako sam došao i ovde
da vam govorim ovo.
da vam govorim ovo.
08:35
Another factor in Gando is rain.
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Još jedan faktor u Gandu je kiša.
08:37
When the rains come,
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Kada dođu kiše,
08:39
we hurry up to protect our fragile walls
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mi žurimo da zaštitimo
naše krhke zidove
naše krhke zidove
08:42
against the rain.
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od kiše.
08:45
Don't confound with Christo and Jeanne-Claude.
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Nemojte da vas zbune
Kristo i Žan-Klod.
Kristo i Žan-Klod.
08:48
It is simply how we protect our walls.
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Jednostavno, tako štitimo
naše zidove.
naše zidove.
08:51
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
08:52
The rain in Burkina comes very fast,
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Kiša u Burkini dođe
veoma brzo,
veoma brzo,
08:55
and after that, you have floods
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i posle toga, imate poplave
08:58
everywhere in the country.
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svugde u zemlji.
09:00
But for us, the rain is good.
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Ali za nas, kiša je dobra.
09:04
It brings sand and gravel to the river
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Donosi pesak i šljunak u reku,
09:07
we need to use to build.
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koji su nam potrebni za gradnju.
09:10
We just wait for the rain to go.
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Samo sačekamo
da prođe kiša.
da prođe kiša.
09:12
We take the sand, we mix it with clay,
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Uzmemo pesak,
pomešamo ga sa glinom,
pomešamo ga sa glinom,
09:15
and we keep building.
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i nastavljamo da gradimo.
09:18
That is it.
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To je to.
09:20
The Gando project was always
connected to training the people,
connected to training the people,
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Projekat Gando je uvek bio
povezan sa obučavanjem ljudi,
povezan sa obučavanjem ljudi,
09:23
because I just wanted, one day
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jer sam želeo, da jednoga dana,
09:26
when I fall down and die,
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kada padnem i umrem,
09:29
that at least one person from Gando
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bar jedna osoba iz Ganda
09:32
keeps doing this work.
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nastavi ovaj rad.
09:36
But you will be surprised. I'm still alive.
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Ali bićete iznenađeni.
Još uvek sam živ.
Još uvek sam živ.
09:39
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
09:40
And my people now can use their skills
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Moji ljudi sada mogu
da koriste svoje veštine
da koriste svoje veštine
09:43
to earn money themselves.
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da sami zarade novac.
09:48
Usually, for a young man from Gando to earn money,
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Obično, da bi mladi čovek
iz Ganda zaradio novac,
iz Ganda zaradio novac,
09:52
you have to leave the country
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mora da napusti selo
09:54
to the city, sometimes leave the country
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i ode u grad,
ponekad da napusti zemlju
ponekad da napusti zemlju
09:58
and some never come back,
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i neki se nikad ne vrate,
10:00
making the community weaker.
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što zajednicu čini slabijom.
10:03
But now they can stay in the country
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Ali sada mogu ostati u zemlji
10:07
and work on different building sites
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i raditi na raznim
građevinskim lokacijama
građevinskim lokacijama
10:09
and earn money to feed their family.
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i zaraditi novac za svoje porodice.
10:11
There's a new quality in this work.
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Postoji nov kvalitet u ovom radu.
10:16
Yes, you know it.
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Da, vi to znate.
10:18
I have won a lot of awards through this work.
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Osvojio sam mnogo
nagrada kroz ovaj posao.
nagrada kroz ovaj posao.
10:23
For sure, it has opened opportunities.
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Zasigurno, otvorio mi je mnoge prilike.
10:26
I have become myself known.
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Postao sam poznat.
10:29
But the reason why I do what I do
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Ali razlog zbog kojeg radim to što radim
10:34
is my community.
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je moja zajednica.
10:37
When I was a kid,
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Kada sam bio dete,
10:39
I was going to school,
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išao sam u školu,
10:41
I was coming back every holiday to Gando.
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i za raspust sam se
uvek vraćao u Gando.
uvek vraćao u Gando.
10:45
By the end of every holidays,
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Na kraju svakog raspusta,
10:47
I had to say goodbye to the community,
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morao sam reći zbogom zajednici,
10:50
going from one compound to another one.
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idući iz jedne sredine u drugu.
10:54
All women in Gando will open their clothes like that
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Sve žene u Gandu
bi ovako otvorile svoju odeću
bi ovako otvorile svoju odeću
10:59
and give me the last penny.
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i dale mi poslednji peni.
11:03
In my culture, this is a symbol of deep affection.
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U mojoj kulturi,
to je simbol duboke naklonosti.
to je simbol duboke naklonosti.
11:08
As a seven-year-old guy, I was impressed.
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Kao sedmogodišnjak,
bio sam impresioniran.
bio sam impresioniran.
11:11
I just asked my mother one day,
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Pitao sam majku jednoga dana:
11:14
"Why do all these women love me so much?"
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"Zašto me sve ove žene
toliko vole?"
toliko vole?"
11:17
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
11:18
She just answered,
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Samo mi je odgovorila:
11:21
"They are contributing to pay for your education
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"Doprinose plaćanju tvog školovanja
11:25
hoping that you will be successful
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jer se nadaju da ćeš biti upešan
11:28
and one day come back and help
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i da ćeš se jednog dana
vratiti i pomoći
vratiti i pomoći
11:31
improve the quality of life of the community."
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da se popravi
kvalitet života u zajednici."
kvalitet života u zajednici."
11:35
I hope now that I was able
to make my community proud
to make my community proud
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Nadam se da sam uspeo
da učinim zajednicu ponosnom
da učinim zajednicu ponosnom
11:40
through this work,
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kroz ovaj rad,
11:42
and I hope I was able to prove you the power
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i nadam se da sam uspeo
da vam dokažem
da vam dokažem
11:46
of community,
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snagu zajednice,
11:47
and to show you that architecture
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i da vam pokažem da arhitektura
11:51
can be inspiring for communities
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može inspirisati zajednice
11:56
to shape their own future.
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da oblikuju svoju budućnost.
11:58
Merci beaucoup. (Applause)
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Mnogo hvala.
(Aplauz)
(Aplauz)
12:00
Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you.
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Hvala. Hvala.
12:05
Thank you. Thank you. (Applause)
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Hvala. Hvala.
(Aplauz)
(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Diébédo Francis Kéré - Community-minded architectDiébédo Francis Kéré and his architectural firm design buildings that are good for the environment -- and those who use them.
Why you should listen
Diébédo Francis Kéré grew up in Gando, a small village in Burkina Faso. Having gone away to school, first within his country and then at the Technische Universität in Berlin, Germany, he resolved to give back to the community that raised him. He does that through the power of architecture.
Through his firm, Kéré Architecture, Kéré focuses on using local building materials and techniques in a modern way, to redefine and redesign the enviroment. In Burkina Faso, that means working predominantly with clay, and his innovative approach has seen the creation of remarkably beautiful, modern buildings that are entirely appropriate to the setting.
His first building, a primary school in Gando, was completed in 2001 and received the Aga Khan Award for Architecture. Since then, he has designed other structures for the village; his other work there has also won multiple awards, including the Global Award, the BSI Swiss Architectural Award, the Marcus Prize and the Global Holcim Award Gold 2012.
Kéré also teaches architecture; he has lectured at colleges including the University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, and Harvard. In 2013, he began teaching at the Accademia di Architettura in Mendrisio, Switzerland.
Diébédo Francis Kéré | Speaker | TED.com