TEDCity2.0
Diébédo Francis Kéré: How to build with clay ... and community
迪页贝杜·弗朗西斯·凯雷: 如何用粘土...和社群盖房子
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Readability: 2.8
1,009,720 views
迪页贝杜·弗朗西斯·凯雷清楚地知道当他拿到建筑学学位之后要做些什么。他想要回到他的家乡，布基纳法索的乡村甘多，和他的社群共同分享他的教育成果。在这篇优美的演说中，凯雷展示了他多年来和家乡的村民们一起建造的多个漂亮建筑。包括他的一个获奖作品--全体村民们合作完成的使用粘土建造的小学。
Diébédo Francis Kéré - Community-minded architect
Diébédo Francis Kéré and his architectural firm design buildings that are good for the environment -- and those who use them. Full bio
Diébédo Francis Kéré and his architectural firm design buildings that are good for the environment -- and those who use them. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
I would like to show you how
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我想向大家展示
00:15
architecture has helped
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建筑是如何帮助我们
00:18
to change the life of my community
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改善了家乡人们的生活
00:21
and has opened opportunities to hope.
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并且打开了希望之窗
00:26
I am a native of Burkina Faso.
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我是土生土长的布基纳法索人
00:29
According to the World Bank, Burkina Faso
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据世界银行的分析称，
布基纳法索
布基纳法索
00:32
is one of the poorest countries in the world,
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是世界上最贫困的国家之一
00:35
but what does it look like
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那么生长于这样的环境
00:38
to grow up in a place like that?
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是怎样的感觉呢？
00:41
I am an example of that.
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我本人就是一个例子
00:44
I was born in a little village called Gando.
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我出生在一个叫甘多的村庄
00:48
In Gando, there was no electricity,
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甘多那时没有电
00:52
no access to clean drinking water, and no school.
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没有清洁的饮用水，
也没有学校
也没有学校
00:57
But my father wanted me
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然而我的父亲希望我
00:59
to learn how to read and write.
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去学习读书和写字
01:01
For this reason, I had to leave my family
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因此，我不得不离开我的家人
01:06
when I was seven and to stay in a city
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在我7岁的时候，
移居到城市
移居到城市
01:09
far away from my village
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远离我的村庄
01:11
with no contact with my family.
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无法和我的家人联络
01:15
In this place I sat
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在这个城市
01:19
in a class like that
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我坐在这样的教室里
01:21
with more than 150 other kids,
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和超过150个孩子
01:24
and for six years.
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共同度过了6年
01:27
In this time, it just happened to me to come to school
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在这期间，某天我去上学
01:31
to realize that my classmate died.
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发现我的一名同班同学去世了
01:37
Today, not so much has changed.
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今天，一切都没有怎么改变
01:41
There is still no electricity in my village.
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我们村仍然没有电力供应
01:46
People still are dying in Burkina Faso,
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布基纳法索的人们仍在不断死去
01:48
and access to clean drinking water
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如何得到清洁的饮用水
01:52
is still a big problem.
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仍然是个很大的问题
01:56
I had luck. I was lucky, because this is a fact of life
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我很幸运。我很幸运因为
02:04
when you grow up in a place like that.
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如果你生长在那样的地方
这就是生命的现实
这就是生命的现实
02:06
But I was lucky.
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但是我很幸运
02:09
I had a scholarship.
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我有奖学金
02:11
I could go to Germany to study.
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我能够去德国留学
02:15
So now, I suppose,
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所以现在，我想
02:19
I don't need to explain to you how great a privilege
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我不需要向你们解释
02:24
it is for me to be standing before you today.
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今天我能站在你们面前，
是多么的荣幸
是多么的荣幸
02:28
From Gando, my home village in Burkina Faso,
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从我居住的布基纳法索的村庄甘多
02:32
to Berlin in Germany to become an architect
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到德国的柏林，成为一名建筑师
02:37
is a big, big step.
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这是一个巨大的跨越
02:42
But what to do with this privilege?
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但是，我还能多做些什么呢？
02:47
Since I was a student, I wanted to open up
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从我还是一名学生起，我就希望
02:51
better opportunities to other kids in Gando.
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为更多甘多的孩子创造更好的机会
02:54
I just wanted to use my skills and build a school.
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我想用我的技能来修建一所学校
02:57
But how do you do it when you're still a student
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但是，当你还只是个学生，
03:00
and you don't have money?
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并且没有钱，这要如何实现呢？
03:02
Oh yes, I started to make drawings
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恩，是的，我开始设计图纸
03:05
and asked for money.
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并且筹集资金
03:07
Fundraising was not an easy task.
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筹款并不是件容易的事
03:11
I even asked my classmates
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我甚至建议我的同班同学
03:13
to spend less money on coffee and cigarettes,
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少花点钱在咖啡和香烟上
03:17
but to sponsor my school project.
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而把钱用来支援我的学校项目
03:20
In real wonder, two years later,
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两年之后奇迹出现了
03:24
I was able to collect 50,000 U.S. dollars.
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我筹集到5万美元
03:30
When I came home to Gando
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当我回到甘多的家
03:33
to bring the good news,
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带去了这个好消息
03:35
my people were over the moon,
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大家欣喜若狂
03:39
but when they realized
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但是当他们知道了
03:41
that I was planning to use clay,
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我打算用黏土建造学校的时候
03:44
they were shocked.
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他们震惊了
03:46
"A clay building is not able to stand a rainy season,
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“粘土建筑是无法支撑过雨季的
03:50
and Francis wants us to use it and build a school.
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可是弗朗西斯希望我们用粘土来建一所学校
03:55
Is this the reason why he spent so much time
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难道这就是他花了那么长时间
03:58
in Europe studying
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在欧洲学习
04:00
instead of working in the field with us?"
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而不是和我们一起，在田间劳作的原因吗？”
04:04
My people build all the time with clay,
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我们的村民一直以来使用粘土搭建建筑
04:08
but they don't see any innovation with mud.
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但他们从来没见对粘土进行创新改造
04:13
So I had to convince everybody.
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所以我需要说服每个人
04:15
I started to speak with the community,
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我开始和社区的人们沟通
04:19
and I could convince everybody,
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说服每个人
04:21
and we could start to work.
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然后我们就可以开始工作了
04:24
And the women, the men,
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女人，男人
04:26
everybody from the village,
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村里的每个人
04:28
was part of this building process.
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都参与了建造过程
04:30
I was allowed to use even traditional techniques.
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我使用了传统的方法
04:34
So clay floor for example,
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以粘土地面为例，
04:36
the young men come and stand like that, beating,
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年轻的男子这样站着
04:40
hours for hours,
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捶打上好几个小时
04:42
and then their mothers came,
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然后他们的母亲加入进来
04:43
and they are beating in this position,
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她们用这个姿势捶打
04:47
for hours, giving water and beating.
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几个小时，不时地加水再捶打
04:52
And then the polishers come.
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接着负责抛光的人们来了
04:53
They start polishing it with a stone for hours.
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他们花费数个小时，
用石块给地面抛光
用石块给地面抛光
04:58
And then you have this result,
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然后你会看到完成品
05:03
very fine, like a baby bottom.
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非常光滑，就像婴儿的屁股
05:07
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
05:08
It's not photoshopped. (Laughter)
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它可没有修过图 （笑声）
05:14
This is the school, built with the community.
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这就是社区居民们建造的学校
05:17
The walls are totally made out
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墙壁完全是由
05:19
of compressed clay blocks from Gando.
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甘多当地压缩的粘土块制成
05:23
The roof structure is made
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屋顶结构是
05:26
with cheap steel bars
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用廉价的钢条制成
05:29
normally hiding inside concrete.
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通常隐藏在混凝土内部
05:32
And the classroom, the ceiling is made
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教室的天花板是由
05:36
out of both of them used together.
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上述两种材料共同制成的
05:38
In this school, there was a simple idea:
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在这所学校，
一个简单的概念就是
一个简单的概念就是
05:41
to create comfort in a classroom.
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让教室是个舒适的地方
05:45
Don't forget, it can be 45 degrees in Burkina Faso,
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别忘了，学校在布基纳法索，
最热的时候有45 度
最热的时候有45 度
05:50
so with simple ventilation,
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因此需配有简单的通风系统
05:52
I wanted to make the classroom
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我想让教室
05:54
good for teaching and learning.
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适合教学和学习
05:57
And this is the project today,
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今天，这个项目
06:00
12 years old, still in best condition.
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经过12年 ，
仍处于其最佳状态
仍处于其最佳状态
06:03
And the kids, they love it.
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孩子们非常喜爱它
06:09
And for me and my community,
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对我和村民们来说
06:12
this project was a huge success.
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这项目是一个巨大的成功
06:16
It has opened up opportunities
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它为我们在甘多做更多的项目
06:19
to do more projects in Gando.
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创造了更多机会
06:21
So I could do a lot of projects,
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所以我做了很多项目
06:24
and here I am going to share with you
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我想在这里与你们分享
06:27
only three of them.
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其中的 3 个
06:29
The first one is the school extension, of course.
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第一个当然是学校的扩建
06:33
How do you explain drawings and engineering
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你要如何向不识字
也不会写字的人们
也不会写字的人们
06:36
to people who are neither able to read nor write?
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解释图纸和工程？
06:40
I started to build a prototype like that.
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我开始制作一个模型
06:43
The innovation was to build a clay vault.
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创新之处是建造一个粘土拱顶
06:46
So then, I jumped on the top like that,
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然后，我跳上了顶部
06:49
with my team, and it works.
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和我的团队一起跳，拱顶能够支撑（我们的重量）
06:51
The community is looking. It still works.
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村民们一直看着它。它仍然坚固不倒
06:53
So we can build. (Laughter)
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这样一来，我们就可以开工了（笑声）
06:56
And we kept building, and that is the result.
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我们不断地搭建，这就是成品
07:00
The kids are happy, and they love it.
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孩子们都很高兴，他们很喜欢它
07:04
The community is very proud. We made it.
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村民们非常自豪。我们做到了
07:08
And even animals, like these donkeys,
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甚至动物，像这些驴
07:12
love our buildings.
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也喜爱我们的建筑
07:14
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
07:18
The next project is the library in Gando.
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我要介绍的下一个项目
是甘多的图书馆
是甘多的图书馆
07:22
And see now, we tried to introduce
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现在，我们试着去
07:26
different ideas in our buildings,
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为我们的建筑加入更多不同的概念
07:28
but we often don't have so much material.
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但我们往往没有太多的材料
07:32
Something we have in Gando are clay pots.
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在冈多，我们有很多陶土罐
07:36
We wanted to use them to create openings.
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我们想用陶土罐来制造一些通风口
07:39
So we just bring them like you can see
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所以我们把它们带到建筑工地
07:41
to the building site.
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就像你看到的这样
07:43
we start cutting them,
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我们切割这些罐子
07:46
and then we place them on top of the roof
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然后将其放在屋顶上
07:49
before we pour the concrete,
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在我们浇筑混凝土之前
07:51
and you have this result.
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就成了这样
07:53
The openings are letting the hot air out
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通气口让热空气排出去
07:56
and light in.
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让光线穿透进来
07:58
Very simple.
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非常简单
08:00
My most recent project in Gando
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我最新进行的项目
08:03
is a high school project.
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是甘多一所高中的建造
08:05
I would like to share with you this.
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我想与你们分享
08:07
The innovation in this project
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这一项目中的创新之处在于
08:09
is to cast mud like you cast concrete.
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用浇筑混凝土的方式
来浇筑泥巴
来浇筑泥巴
08:14
How do you cast mud?
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要如何浇筑泥巴呢？
08:16
We start making a lot of mortars, like you can see,
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我们开始制造大量的灰浆，
正如你们所见
正如你们所见
08:19
and when everything is ready,
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当一切都准备就绪
08:21
when you know what is the best recipe
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当你找到了最好的配方
08:23
and the best form,
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和最佳的形态
08:25
you start working with the community.
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就可以开始和村民们一同工作了
08:27
And sometimes I can leave.
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有时我可以离开
08:29
They will do it themselves.
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他们能够自己完成
08:31
I came to speak to you like that.
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就像我来到这里发表演说
08:35
Another factor in Gando is rain.
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冈多的另一个气候因素是雨
08:37
When the rains come,
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当大雨来临
08:39
we hurry up to protect our fragile walls
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我们急着去保护我们易碎的墙
08:42
against the rain.
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不被雨淋
08:45
Don't confound with Christo and Jeanne-Claude.
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不要和克劳德夫妇的艺术混淆
08:48
It is simply how we protect our walls.
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这只是我们保护墙的方式
08:51
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
08:52
The rain in Burkina comes very fast,
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布基纳法索的雨来势汹汹
08:55
and after that, you have floods
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大雨之后就会有洪水
08:58
everywhere in the country.
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整个国家都是这样
09:00
But for us, the rain is good.
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但对我们来说，雨是好事
09:04
It brings sand and gravel to the river
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它让河流堆满砂和碎石
09:07
we need to use to build.
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正是我们需要的建筑材料
09:10
We just wait for the rain to go.
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我们只要等到大雨过后
09:12
We take the sand, we mix it with clay,
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收集沙子，和粘土混合
09:15
and we keep building.
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然后继续建造
09:18
That is it.
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就是这样
09:20
The Gando project was always
connected to training the people,
connected to training the people,
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冈多的项目自始至终都在培训村民的技能
09:23
because I just wanted, one day
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因为我只是希望某一天，
09:26
when I fall down and die,
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如果我倒地死亡
09:29
that at least one person from Gando
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甘多至少有一个人
09:32
keeps doing this work.
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能继续这项工作
09:36
But you will be surprised. I'm still alive.
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但你们感到惊讶的是，我还活着
09:39
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
09:40
And my people now can use their skills
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村民们现在可以用他们的技能
09:43
to earn money themselves.
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来赚钱
09:48
Usually, for a young man from Gando to earn money,
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通常情况下，如果一个甘多的
年轻男子想赚钱
年轻男子想赚钱
09:52
you have to leave the country
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他就必须背井离乡到城市去
09:54
to the city, sometimes leave the country
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有时他们离开了家乡
09:58
and some never come back,
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就再也没有回来
10:00
making the community weaker.
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这使社群关系变得松散
10:03
But now they can stay in the country
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但现在他们可以留在村庄
10:07
and work on different building sites
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在不同的建筑工地工作
10:09
and earn money to feed their family.
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赚钱来养活他们的家人
10:11
There's a new quality in this work.
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这项工作中有了新的性质
10:16
Yes, you know it.
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是的，你知道这点
10:18
I have won a lot of awards through this work.
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通过这些项目，
我赢得了许多奖项
我赢得了许多奖项
10:23
For sure, it has opened opportunities.
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肯定的是，它创造了一些机会
10:26
I have become myself known.
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也为我带来了名声
10:29
But the reason why I do what I do
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但是我做这些事的动机
10:34
is my community.
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是为了我的家乡
10:37
When I was a kid,
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当我还是个孩子的时候
10:39
I was going to school,
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我去城里上学
10:41
I was coming back every holiday to Gando.
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每个假期我都会回到甘多
10:45
By the end of every holidays,
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到每个假期结束的时候
10:47
I had to say goodbye to the community,
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我不得不和村里的人们告别
10:50
going from one compound to another one.
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挨家挨户地去告别
10:54
All women in Gando will open their clothes like that
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甘多所有的妇女都会像这样打开她们的口袋
10:59
and give me the last penny.
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把身上仅有的一枚硬币给我
11:03
In my culture, this is a symbol of deep affection.
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在我的文化里，
这象征着感情的深厚
这象征着感情的深厚
11:08
As a seven-year-old guy, I was impressed.
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作为一个七岁的男孩，
这是印象深刻的
这是印象深刻的
11:11
I just asked my mother one day,
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一天我问我的母亲
11:14
"Why do all these women love me so much?"
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"为什么所有这些妇女都这么爱我?"
11:17
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
11:18
She just answered,
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她回答说
11:21
"They are contributing to pay for your education
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"她们想要为你的教育支出作点贡献
11:25
hoping that you will be successful
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希望你学有所成
11:28
and one day come back and help
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某一天会回到村里
11:31
improve the quality of life of the community."
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帮助改善社区的生活质量。”
11:35
I hope now that I was able
to make my community proud
to make my community proud
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希望现在我值得村民们
为我感到骄傲
为我感到骄傲
11:40
through this work,
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通过这些项目
11:42
and I hope I was able to prove you the power
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我希望能够证明
11:46
of community,
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社群的力量
11:47
and to show you that architecture
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并告诉你们
11:51
can be inspiring for communities
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建筑可以激励村民们
11:56
to shape their own future.
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去建造属于自己的未来
11:58
Merci beaucoup. (Applause)
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非常感谢（掌声）
12:00
Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you.
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谢谢。谢谢。谢谢。谢谢。
12:05
Thank you. Thank you. (Applause)
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谢谢。谢谢。（掌声）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Diébédo Francis Kéré - Community-minded architectDiébédo Francis Kéré and his architectural firm design buildings that are good for the environment -- and those who use them.
Why you should listen
Diébédo Francis Kéré grew up in Gando, a small village in Burkina Faso. Having gone away to school, first within his country and then at the Technische Universität in Berlin, Germany, he resolved to give back to the community that raised him. He does that through the power of architecture.
Through his firm, Kéré Architecture, Kéré focuses on using local building materials and techniques in a modern way, to redefine and redesign the enviroment. In Burkina Faso, that means working predominantly with clay, and his innovative approach has seen the creation of remarkably beautiful, modern buildings that are entirely appropriate to the setting.
His first building, a primary school in Gando, was completed in 2001 and received the Aga Khan Award for Architecture. Since then, he has designed other structures for the village; his other work there has also won multiple awards, including the Global Award, the BSI Swiss Architectural Award, the Marcus Prize and the Global Holcim Award Gold 2012.
Kéré also teaches architecture; he has lectured at colleges including the University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, and Harvard. In 2013, he began teaching at the Accademia di Architettura in Mendrisio, Switzerland.
Diébédo Francis Kéré | Speaker | TED.com