TED@Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
Tim Harford: A powerful way to unleash your natural creativity
Tim Harford: Snažan način da oslobodite svoju prirodnu kreativnost
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Šta možemo da naučimo od najdoslednije kreativnih ljudi na svetu? To da upražnjavaju „usporeni multitasking“, aktivno žonglirajući višestrukim projektima i krećući se između tema u skladu sa raspoloženjem - bez osećaja žurbe. Pisac Tim Harford deli sa nama kako su inovatori, poput Ajnštajna, Darvina, Tvajle Tarp i Majkla Krajtona otkrili svoju inspiraciju i produktivnost tako što su svoje umove podvrgli kombinovanom treningu.
Tim Harford - Economist, journalist, broadcaster
Tim Harford's writings reveal the economic ideas behind everyday experiences. Full bio
Tim Harford's writings reveal the economic ideas behind everyday experiences. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
"To do two things at once
is to do neither."
is to do neither."
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„Raditi dve stvari istovremeno
znači ne raditi nijednu.“
znači ne raditi nijednu.“
00:17
It's a great smackdown
of multitasking, isn't it,
of multitasking, isn't it,
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To je najveće nipodaštavanje
multitaskinga, zar ne,
multitaskinga, zar ne,
00:20
often attributed to
the Roman writer Publilius Syrus,
the Roman writer Publilius Syrus,
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i često se pripisuje
rimskom piscu Publiliju Sirijcu,
rimskom piscu Publiliju Sirijcu,
00:24
although you know how these things are,
he probably never said it.
he probably never said it.
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iako znajući kako stvari stoje,
najverovatnije to nikad nije rekao.
najverovatnije to nikad nije rekao.
00:28
What I'm interested in, though,
is -- is it true?
is -- is it true?
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Mene, pak, interesuje da li je to tačno.
00:31
I mean, it's obviously true
for emailing at the dinner table
for emailing at the dinner table
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Mislim, očito je tačno
za pisanje mejlova za večerom,
za pisanje mejlova za večerom,
00:35
or texting while driving or possibly
for live tweeting at TED Talk, as well.
for live tweeting at TED Talk, as well.
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kucanje poruka dok vozite ili čak
i tvitovanje uživo tokom TED govora.
i tvitovanje uživo tokom TED govora.
00:41
But I'd like to argue
that for an important kind of activity,
that for an important kind of activity,
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Međutim, želim da tvrdim
da je za jednu važnu aktivnost
da je za jednu važnu aktivnost
00:45
doing two things at once --
or three or even four --
or three or even four --
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obavljanje dve stvari odjednom -
ili tri ili čak četiri -
ili tri ili čak četiri -
00:48
is exactly what we should be aiming for.
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upravo ono čemu bi trebalo da stremimo.
00:51
Look no further than Albert Einstein.
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Uzmite samo Alberta Ajnštajna.
00:54
In 1905, he published
four remarkable scientific papers.
four remarkable scientific papers.
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Godine 1905, objavio je četiri
izvanredna naučna rada.
izvanredna naučna rada.
Jedan od njih je bio o Braunovom kretanju;
00:58
One of them was on Brownian motion,
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01:00
it provided empirical evidence
that atoms exist,
that atoms exist,
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u njemu su pruženi empirijski dokazi
o postojanju atoma
o postojanju atoma
01:04
and it laid out the basic mathematics
behind most of financial economics.
behind most of financial economics.
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i u njemu je izneta osnovna matematika
iza većeg dela finansijske ekonomije.
iza većeg dela finansijske ekonomije.
01:08
Another one was on the theory
of special relativity.
of special relativity.
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Drugi je bio o specijalnoj
teoriji relativnosti.
teoriji relativnosti.
01:11
Another one was
on the photoelectric effect,
on the photoelectric effect,
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Još jedan je bio o fotoelektričnom efektu.
01:13
that's why solar panels work,
it's a nice one.
it's a nice one.
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Zbog toga solarni paneli funkcionišu;
radi se o sjajnom radu.
radi se o sjajnom radu.
01:17
Gave him the Nobel prize for that one.
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Dodelili su mu Nobelovu nagradu za njega.
01:19
And the fourth introduced an equation
you might have heard of:
you might have heard of:
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A četvrti je predstavio jednačinu
za koju ste možda čuli:
za koju ste možda čuli:
01:22
E equals mc squared.
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E je jednako mc na kvadrat.
01:25
So, tell me again how you
shouldn't do several things at once.
shouldn't do several things at once.
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Dakle, ponovite mi zašto ne bi trebalo
da radite više stvari odjednom.
da radite više stvari odjednom.
01:28
Now, obviously, working simultaneously
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Sad, očito, raditi istovremeno
01:32
on Brownian motion, special relativity
and the photoelectric effect --
and the photoelectric effect --
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na Braunovom kretanju, specijalnoj
relativnosti i fotoelektričnom efektu -
relativnosti i fotoelektričnom efektu -
01:35
it's not exactly the same
kind of multitasking
kind of multitasking
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nije to baš isti vid multitaskinga
01:38
as Snapchatting while
you're watching "Westworld."
you're watching "Westworld."
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poput snepčetovanja
dok gledate „Zapadni svet“.
dok gledate „Zapadni svet“.
01:41
Very different.
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Veoma je različito.
01:42
And Einstein, yeah, well,
Einstein's -- he's Einstein,
Einstein's -- he's Einstein,
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A Ajnštajn, da, pa,
Ajnštajn je - on je Ajnštajn,
Ajnštajn je - on je Ajnštajn,
01:46
he's one of a kind, he's unique.
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on je izuzetan, jedinstven.
01:48
But the pattern of behavior
that Einstein was demonstrating,
that Einstein was demonstrating,
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Međutim, obrazac ponašanja
koji je Ajnštajn pokazivao
koji je Ajnštajn pokazivao
01:51
that's not unique at all.
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uopšte nije jedinstven.
01:54
It's very common
among highly creative people,
among highly creative people,
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Veoma je uobičajen
među veoma kreativnim ljudima,
među veoma kreativnim ljudima,
01:57
both artists and scientists,
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kako umetnicima tako i naučnicima,
02:00
and I'd like to give it a name:
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i želeo bih da ga imenujem
02:02
slow-motion multitasking.
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kao usporeni multitasking.
02:06
Slow-motion multitasking
feels like a counterintuitive idea.
feels like a counterintuitive idea.
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Usporeni multitasking
deluje kao nelogična zamisao.
deluje kao nelogična zamisao.
02:10
What I'm describing here
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Ono što ovde opisujem
02:12
is having multiple projects
on the go at the same time,
on the go at the same time,
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je kada imate više projekata
koji se istovremeno odvijaju
koji se istovremeno odvijaju
02:15
and you move backwards and forwards
between topics as the mood takes you,
between topics as the mood takes you,
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i krećete se napred i nazad
između tema prema raspoloženju
između tema prema raspoloženju
02:20
or as the situation demands.
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ili u skladu sa situacijom.
02:22
But the reason it seems counterintuitive
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Međutim, razlog zašto deluje nelogično
02:24
is because we're used to lapsing
into multitasking out of desperation.
into multitasking out of desperation.
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je zato što smo navikli da zapadamo
u multitasking iz očaja.
u multitasking iz očaja.
02:29
We're in a hurry,
we want to do everything at once.
we want to do everything at once.
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Žuri nam se, želimo sve
da obavimo odjednom.
da obavimo odjednom.
02:32
If we were willing
to slow multitasking down,
to slow multitasking down,
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Kad bismo bili spremni
da usporimo sa multitaskingom,
da usporimo sa multitaskingom,
02:36
we might find that it works
quite brilliantly.
quite brilliantly.
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otkrili bismo da deluje
krajnje fantastično.
krajnje fantastično.
02:41
Sixty years ago, a young psychologist
by the name of Bernice Eiduson
by the name of Bernice Eiduson
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Pre šezdeset godina, mlada psihološkinja
po imenu Bernis Ejduson
po imenu Bernis Ejduson
02:46
began a long research project
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započela je dug istraživački projekat
02:48
into the personalities
and the working habits
and the working habits
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o karakteru i radnim navikama
02:51
of 40 leading scientists.
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40 vodećih naučnika.
02:54
Einstein was already dead,
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Ajnštajn je već bio mrtav,
02:55
but four of her subjects won Nobel prizes,
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ali četiri njena ispitanika
su bili Nobelovci,
su bili Nobelovci,
02:58
including Linus Pauling
and Richard Feynman.
and Richard Feynman.
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uključujući Lajnusa Polinga
i Ričarda Fejnmana.
i Ričarda Fejnmana.
Istraživanje je potrajalo decenijama,
03:02
The research went on for decades,
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03:04
in fact, it continued even after
professor Eiduson herself had died.
professor Eiduson herself had died.
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zapravo je nastavljeno čak nakon smrti
i same profesorice Ejduson.
i same profesorice Ejduson.
03:08
And one of the questions that it answered
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A jedno od pitanja na koje je odgovorilo
03:11
was, "How is it that some scientists
are able to go on producing important work
are able to go on producing important work
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bilo je: „Kako to da neki naučnici mogu
iznova da stvaraju važna dela
iznova da stvaraju važna dela
03:17
right through their lives?"
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tokom čitavih njihovih života?“
03:19
What is it about these people?
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O čemu se radi kod ovih ljudi?
03:21
Is it their personality,
is it their skill set,
is it their skill set,
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Da li je u pitanju njihov karakter,
da li to skup njihovih veština,
da li to skup njihovih veština,
03:25
their daily routines, what?
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njihove svakodnevne rutine, šta?
03:28
Well, a pattern that emerged was clear,
and I think to some people surprising.
and I think to some people surprising.
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Pa, obrazac koji je isplivao je bio jasan,
i, verujem, nekim ljudima iznenađujući.
i, verujem, nekim ljudima iznenađujući.
03:34
The top scientists
kept changing the subject.
kept changing the subject.
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Vrhunski naučnici su stalno menjali temu.
03:39
They would shift topics repeatedly
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Stalno bi iznova menjali teme
03:42
during their first 100
published research papers.
published research papers.
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tokom prvih 100 objavljenih
istraživačkih radova.
istraživačkih radova.
03:46
Do you want to guess how often?
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Želite li da pogađate koliko često?
03:48
Three times?
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Tri puta?
03:50
Five times?
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Pet puta?
03:52
No. On average, the most
enduringly creative scientists
enduringly creative scientists
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Ne. U proseku, većina
dosledno kreativnih naučnika
dosledno kreativnih naučnika
03:56
switched topics 43 times
in their first 100 research papers.
in their first 100 research papers.
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menjala je teme 43 puta
u prvih 100 istraživačkih radova.
u prvih 100 istraživačkih radova.
04:03
Seems that the secret
to creativity is multitasking
to creativity is multitasking
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Čini se da je tajna kreativnosti
u multitaskingu,
u multitaskingu,
04:08
in slow motion.
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ali usporenom.
04:11
Eiduson's research suggests
we need to reclaim multitasking
we need to reclaim multitasking
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Ejdusino istraživanje nagoveštava
da moramo da ovladamo multitaskingom
da moramo da ovladamo multitaskingom
04:15
and remind ourselves
how powerful it can be.
how powerful it can be.
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i da se podsetimo
koliko moćan može da bude.
koliko moćan može da bude.
04:18
And she's not the only person
to have found this.
to have found this.
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A ona nije jedina osoba
koja je ovo otkrila.
koja je ovo otkrila.
Različiti istraživači,
04:20
Different researchers,
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04:21
using different methods
to study different highly creative people
to study different highly creative people
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koristeći različite metode za izučavanje
različitih visoko kreativnih ljudi
različitih visoko kreativnih ljudi
04:25
have found that very often
they have multiple projects in progress
they have multiple projects in progress
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su otkrili da oni veoma često
imaju višestruke projekte u toku
imaju višestruke projekte u toku
04:29
at the same time,
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istovremeno,
04:30
and they're also far more likely
than most of us to have serious hobbies.
than most of us to have serious hobbies.
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a takođe su daleko skloniji od većine nas
tome da imaju ozbiljne hobije.
tome da imaju ozbiljne hobije.
04:35
Slow-motion multitasking
among creative people is ubiquitous.
among creative people is ubiquitous.
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Usporeni multitasking
je sveprisutan među kreativnim ljudima.
je sveprisutan među kreativnim ljudima.
04:40
So, why?
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Dakle, zašto?
04:43
I think there are three reasons.
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Smatram da postoje tri razloga.
04:44
And the first is the simplest.
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A prvi je najjednostavniji.
04:47
Creativity often comes when you take
an idea from its original context
an idea from its original context
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Kreativnost često nastaje kada izvadite
ideju iz njenog prvobitnog konteksta
ideju iz njenog prvobitnog konteksta
04:51
and you move it somewhere else.
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i izmestite je drugde.
04:53
It's easier to think outside the box
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Lakše je razmišljati izvan kalupa
04:54
if you spend your time clambering
from one box into another.
from one box into another.
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kada provodite vreme pentrajući se
iz jednog kalupa u drugi.
iz jednog kalupa u drugi.
04:58
For an example of this,
consider the original eureka moment.
consider the original eureka moment.
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Kao primer za ovo,
uzmite prvobitni eureka momenat.
uzmite prvobitni eureka momenat.
05:04
Archimedes -- he's wrestling
with a difficult problem.
with a difficult problem.
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Arhimed - mučio se s teškim problemom.
05:08
And he realizes, in a flash,
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I uvideo je, u trenutku,
05:10
he can solve it, using
the displacement of water.
the displacement of water.
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da može da ga reši
upotrebom zapremine vode.
upotrebom zapremine vode.
05:14
And if you believe the story,
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A ako verujete predanju,
05:16
this idea comes to him
as he's taking a bath,
as he's taking a bath,
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ova ideja mu se javila dok se kupao;
05:19
lowering himself in, and he's watching
the water level rise and fall.
the water level rise and fall.
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spuštao se u vodu i posmatrao
kako se nivo vode podiže i pada.
kako se nivo vode podiže i pada.
05:24
And if solving a problem
while having a bath isn't multitasking,
while having a bath isn't multitasking,
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A ako rešavanje problema
tokom kupanja nije multitasking,
tokom kupanja nije multitasking,
05:29
I don't know what is.
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onda ne znam šta jeste.
05:32
The second reason
that multitasking can work
that multitasking can work
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Drugi razlog zašto multitasking
može da funkcioniše
može da funkcioniše
05:34
is that learning to do one thing well
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je što uspešno savlađivanje jedne stvari
05:38
can often help you do something else.
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često može da vam pomogne
da radite nešto drugo.
da radite nešto drugo.
Svaki atleta vam može govoriti
o prednostima kombinovanog treninga.
o prednostima kombinovanog treninga.
05:40
Any athlete can tell you
about the benefits of cross-training.
about the benefits of cross-training.
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05:43
It's possible to cross-train
your mind, too.
your mind, too.
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Moguće je i vaš um
podvrgnuti kombinovanom treningu.
podvrgnuti kombinovanom treningu.
05:47
A few years ago, researchers took
18 randomly chosen medical students
18 randomly chosen medical students
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Pre nekoliko godina, istraživači su uzeli
18 nasumično odabranih studenata medicine
18 nasumično odabranih studenata medicine
05:52
and they enrolled them in a course
at the Philadelphia Museum of Art,
at the Philadelphia Museum of Art,
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i upisali su ih na kurs
u Filadelfijskom muzeju umetnosti,
u Filadelfijskom muzeju umetnosti,
05:57
where they learned to criticize
and analyze works of visual art.
and analyze works of visual art.
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gde su učili kako da kritikuju
i analiziraju dela vizuelne umetnosti.
i analiziraju dela vizuelne umetnosti.
06:02
And at the end of the course,
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A na kraju kursa,
06:04
these students were compared
with a control group
with a control group
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ove studente su uporedili
sa kontrolnom grupom
sa kontrolnom grupom
06:07
of their fellow medical students.
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kolega studenata medicine.
06:08
And the ones who had taken the art course
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A oni koji su pohađali kurs iz umetnosti
06:11
had become substantially better
at performing tasks
at performing tasks
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postali su značajno bolji
u obavljanju zadataka,
u obavljanju zadataka,
06:15
such as diagnosing diseases of the eye
by analyzing photographs.
by analyzing photographs.
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poput dijagnostikovanja očnih bolesti
analizom fotografija.
analizom fotografija.
06:20
They'd become better eye doctors.
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Postali su bolji očni doktori.
06:22
So if we want to become
better at what we do,
better at what we do,
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Pa, ako želimo da postanemo
bolji u onome što radimo,
bolji u onome što radimo,
možda bi trebalo da provodimo
neko vreme radeći nešto drugo,
neko vreme radeći nešto drugo,
06:25
maybe we should spend some time
doing something else,
doing something else,
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06:28
even if the two fields
appear to be as completely distinct
appear to be as completely distinct
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čak i ako se te dve oblasti
čine potpuno suprotnim
čine potpuno suprotnim
06:32
as ophthalmology and the history of art.
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poput oftalmologije i istorije umetnosti.
06:36
And if you'd like an example of this,
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A ako želite primer za ovo,
06:39
should we go for a less intimidating
example than Einstein? OK.
example than Einstein? OK.
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da li da uzmemo manje zastrašujući
primer od Ajnštajna? U redu.
primer od Ajnštajna? U redu.
06:42
Michael Crichton, creator
of "Jurassic Park" and "E.R."
of "Jurassic Park" and "E.R."
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Majkl Krajton, tvorac „Parka iz doba jure“
i „Urgentnog centra“.
i „Urgentnog centra“.
06:46
So in the 1970s,
he originally trained as a doctor,
he originally trained as a doctor,
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Dakle, 1970-ih, prvobitno
je prošao obuku za doktora,
je prošao obuku za doktora,
06:50
but then he wrote novels
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no potom je pisao romane
06:52
and he directed
the original "Westworld" movie.
the original "Westworld" movie.
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i režirao je prvobitni film
„Zapadni svet“.
„Zapadni svet“.
06:56
But also, and this is less well-known,
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Međutim, a ovo je manje poznato,
06:58
he also wrote nonfiction books,
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takođe je pisao dokumentarnu literaturu
07:00
about art, about medicine,
about computer programming.
about computer programming.
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o umetnosti, medicini,
kompjuterskom programiranju.
kompjuterskom programiranju.
07:04
So in 1995, he enjoyed
the fruits of all this variety
the fruits of all this variety
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Dakle, 1995. godine je uživao
u plodovime sve te raznolikosti
u plodovime sve te raznolikosti
07:09
by penning the world's
most commercially successful book.
most commercially successful book.
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pišući jednu od komercijalno
najuspešnijih knjiga na svetu.
najuspešnijih knjiga na svetu.
07:14
And the world's most commercially
successful TV series.
successful TV series.
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Kao i jednu od komercijalno najuspešnijih
televizijskih serija na svetu.
televizijskih serija na svetu.
07:19
And the world's most commercially
successful movie.
successful movie.
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Kao i komercijalno
najuspešniji film na svetu.
najuspešniji film na svetu.
07:24
In 1996, he did it all over again.
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Godine 1996, sve je ponovio još jednom.
07:29
There's a third reason
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Postoji i treći razlog
07:30
why slow-motion multitasking
can help us solve problems.
can help us solve problems.
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zašto nam usporeni multitasking
može pomoći da rešimo probleme.
može pomoći da rešimo probleme.
07:35
It can provide assistance
when we're stuck.
when we're stuck.
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Može da nam pruži pomoć
kad zapadnemo u škripac.
kad zapadnemo u škripac.
07:38
This can't happen in an instant.
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To ne može da se desi u trenutku.
07:41
So, imagine that feeling
of working on a crossword puzzle
of working on a crossword puzzle
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Dakle, zamislite onaj osećaj
kada rešavate ukrštenicu
kada rešavate ukrštenicu
07:44
and you can't figure out the answer,
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i ne možete da dođete do odgovora,
07:46
and the reason you can't is because
the wrong answer is stuck in your head.
the wrong answer is stuck in your head.
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a razlog zašto ne možete je jer vam
je pogrešan odgovor stalno na pameti.
je pogrešan odgovor stalno na pameti.
07:50
It's very easy --
just go and do something else.
just go and do something else.
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Veoma je prosto - samo pođite
i uradite nešto drugo.
i uradite nešto drugo.
07:53
You know, switch topics, switch context,
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Znate, promenite temu, promenite kontekst,
07:56
you'll forget the wrong answer
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zaboravićete pogrešan odgovor,
07:57
and that gives the right answer space
to pop into the front of your mind.
to pop into the front of your mind.
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a to će da da prostora tačnom odgovoru
da iskrsne u vašem umu.
da iskrsne u vašem umu.
08:02
But on the slower timescale
that interests me,
that interests me,
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Međutim, na sporijoj vremenskoj skali
koja mene interesuje,
koja mene interesuje,
08:05
being stuck is a much more serious thing.
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biti u škripcu je daleko ozbiljnija stvar.
08:08
You get turned down for funding.
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Odbiju da vas finansiraju.
08:11
Your cell cultures won't grow,
your rockets keep crashing.
your rockets keep crashing.
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Vaša ćelijska kultura neće da raste,
vaše rakete stalno padaju.
vaše rakete stalno padaju.
08:16
Nobody wants to publish you fantasy novel
about a school for wizards.
about a school for wizards.
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Niko ne želi da objavi vaš fantazijski
roman o školi za čarobnjake.
roman o školi za čarobnjake.
08:21
Or maybe you just can't find the solution
to the problem that you're working on.
to the problem that you're working on.
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Ili prosto ne možete da otkrijete rešenje
za problem na kome radite.
za problem na kome radite.
08:25
And being stuck like that
means stasis, stress,
means stasis, stress,
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A biti u takvom škripcu
podrazumeva stagniranje, stres,
podrazumeva stagniranje, stres,
08:30
possibly even depression.
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pa možda čak i depresiju.
08:33
But if you have another exciting,
challenging project to work on,
challenging project to work on,
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Međutim, ako imate još jedan uzbudljiv,
izazovan projekat na kom radite,
izazovan projekat na kom radite,
08:38
being stuck on one is just an opportunity
to do something else.
to do something else.
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biti zaglavljen na jednom je tek prilika
da radite nešto drugo.
da radite nešto drugo.
08:42
We could all get stuck sometimes,
even Albert Einstein.
even Albert Einstein.
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Svi možemo da se zaglavimo ponekad,
čak i Albert Ajnštajn.
čak i Albert Ajnštajn.
08:46
Ten years after the original,
miraculous year that I described,
miraculous year that I described,
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Deset godina nakon prvobitne,
čudnovate godine koju sam opisao,
čudnovate godine koju sam opisao,
08:51
Einstein was putting together the pieces
of his theory of general relativity,
of his theory of general relativity,
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Ajnštajn je sastavljao deliće
svoje opšte teorije relativnosti,
svoje opšte teorije relativnosti,
08:56
his greatest achievement.
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njegovog najznačajnijeg dostignuća.
08:58
And he was exhausted.
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I bio je iscrpljen.
09:01
And so he turned to an easier problem.
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Pa se okrenuo lakšem problemu.
09:03
He proposed the stimulated
emission of radiation.
emission of radiation.
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Predstavio je stimulisanu
emisiju radijacije.
emisiju radijacije.
09:07
Which, as you may know, is the S in laser.
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A to je, kao što možda znate,
-SER u reči laser.
-SER u reči laser.
09:12
So he's laying down the theoretical
foundation for the laser beam,
foundation for the laser beam,
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Dakle, postavljao je teoretske
temelje za laserski zrak,
temelje za laserski zrak,
09:16
and then, while he's doing that,
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a onda se, dok je radio na tome,
09:18
he moves back to general relativity,
and he's refreshed.
and he's refreshed.
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osvežen vratio na opštu relativnost.
09:21
He sees what the theory implies --
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Uviđa šta teorija podrazumeva -
09:25
that the universe isn't static.
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da univerzum nije statičan.
09:28
It's expanding.
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Širi se.
09:30
It's an idea so staggering,
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Ta ideja je toliko zapanjujuća
09:32
Einstein can't bring himself
to believe it for years.
to believe it for years.
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da Ajnštajn godinama
ne može da poveruje u nju.
ne može da poveruje u nju.
09:37
Look, if you get stuck
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Vidite, ako ste se zaglavili
09:40
and you get the ball rolling
on laser beams,
on laser beams,
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i pokrenu vas laserski zraci,
09:45
you're in pretty good shape.
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u prilično ste dobroj formi.
09:47
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
09:49
So, that's the case
for slow-motion multitasking.
for slow-motion multitasking.
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Dakle, to je argument
za usporeni multitasking.
za usporeni multitasking.
09:52
And I'm not promising
that it's going to turn you into Einstein.
that it's going to turn you into Einstein.
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I ne obećavam vam
da će da vas pretvori u Ajnštajna.
da će da vas pretvori u Ajnštajna.
09:55
I'm not even promising it's going
to turn you into Michael Crichton.
to turn you into Michael Crichton.
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Ne obećavam ni da će da vas
pretvori u Majkla Krajtona.
pretvori u Majkla Krajtona.
09:58
But it is a powerful way
to organize our creative lives.
to organize our creative lives.
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Ali, radi se o moćnom načinu
organizacije naših kreativnih života.
organizacije naših kreativnih života.
10:03
But there's a problem.
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Međutim, postoji problem.
10:06
How do we stop all of these projects
becoming completely overwhelming?
becoming completely overwhelming?
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Kako da sprečimo sve ove projekte
da nas u potpunosti preplave?
da nas u potpunosti preplave?
10:12
How do we keep all these ideas
straight in our minds?
straight in our minds?
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Kako da održimo jasnim
sve te ideje u našim umovima?
sve te ideje u našim umovima?
10:16
Well, here's a simple solution,
a practical solution
a practical solution
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Pa, evo prostog rešenja,
praktičnog rešenja
praktičnog rešenja
10:20
from the great American
choreographer, Twyla Tharp.
choreographer, Twyla Tharp.
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velike Američke
koreografkinje Tvajle Tarp.
koreografkinje Tvajle Tarp.
10:24
Over the last few decades,
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Tokom poslednje dve decenije,
10:26
she's blurred boundaries,
mixed genres, won prizes,
mixed genres, won prizes,
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ona je zamaglila granice,
izmešala žanrove, dobila nagrade,
izmešala žanrove, dobila nagrade,
10:30
danced to the music of everybody,
from Philip Glass to Billy Joel.
from Philip Glass to Billy Joel.
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plesala na svačiju muziku,
od Filipa Glasa do Bilija Džoela.
od Filipa Glasa do Bilija Džoela.
10:35
She's written three books.
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Napisala je tri knjige.
10:37
I mean, she's a slow-motion
multitasker, of course she is.
multitasker, of course she is.
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Mislim, ona upražnjava
usporeni multitasking, to je jasno.
usporeni multitasking, to je jasno.
10:41
She says, "You have to be all things.
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Ona kaže: „Morate da budete sve stvari.
10:45
Why exclude?
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Čemu isključivost?
10:47
You have to be everything."
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Morate da budete sve.“
10:51
And Tharp's method
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A Tarpin metod
10:53
for preventing all of these different
projects from becoming overwhelming
projects from becoming overwhelming
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sprečavanja svih tih različitih projekata
da je prosto preplave
da je prosto preplave
10:58
is a simple one.
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je jednostavan.
10:59
She gives each project
a big cardboard box,
a big cardboard box,
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Svakom projektu dodeli
veliku kartonsku kutiju,
veliku kartonsku kutiju,
11:01
writes the name of the project
on the side of the box.
on the side of the box.
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napiše ime projekta na kutiji.
11:04
And into it, she tosses DVDs
and books, magazine cuttings,
and books, magazine cuttings,
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A unutra ubacuje DVD-e,
knjige, isečke iz časopisa,
knjige, isečke iz časopisa,
11:09
theater programs, physical objects,
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pozorišne programe, fizičke predmete,
11:11
really anything that's provided a source
of creative inspiration.
of creative inspiration.
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zaista bilo šta što je poslužilo
kao izvor kreativne inspiracije.
kao izvor kreativne inspiracije.
11:16
And she writes,
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A ona beleži:
11:17
"The box means I never
have to worry about forgetting.
have to worry about forgetting.
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„Kutija znači da nikad ne moram
da brinem da ću da zaboravim.
da brinem da ću da zaboravim.
11:22
One of the biggest fears
for a creative person
for a creative person
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Jedan od najvećih strahova
kod kreativnih osoba
kod kreativnih osoba
11:25
is that some brilliant idea will get lost
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je da će se neka sjajna ideja izgubiti
11:28
because you didn't write it down
and put it in a safe place.
and put it in a safe place.
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jer je niste zapisali
i smestili na bezbedno mesto.
i smestili na bezbedno mesto.
11:32
I don't worry about that.
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Ja ne brinem zbog toga.
11:34
Because I know where to find it.
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Zato što znam gde da je nađem.
11:38
It's all in the box."
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Sve je u kutiji.“
11:41
You can manage many ideas like this,
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Ovako možete da upravljate raznim idejama,
11:43
either in physical boxes
or in their digital equivalents.
or in their digital equivalents.
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bilo putem fizičkih kutija
ili njihovih digitalnih pandana.
ili njihovih digitalnih pandana.
11:48
So, I would like to urge you
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Pa bih želeo da vas podstaknem
11:50
to embrace the art
of slow-motion multitasking.
of slow-motion multitasking.
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da prigrlite umetnost
usporenog multitaskinga.
usporenog multitaskinga.
11:54
Not because you're in a hurry,
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Ne zato što vam se žuri,
11:56
but because you're in no hurry at all.
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već zato što vam se uopšte ne žuri.
12:01
And I want to give you one final example,
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I želim da vam dam poslednji primer,
12:04
my favorite example.
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moj omiljeni primer.
12:06
Charles Darwin.
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Čarlsa Darvina.
12:08
A man whose slow-burning
multitasking is so staggering,
multitasking is so staggering,
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Čoveka čiji je sporosagorevajući
multitasking toliko zapanjujući
multitasking toliko zapanjujući
12:12
I need a diagram to explain it all to you.
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da mi je potreban dijagram
da bih vam sve to objasnio.
da bih vam sve to objasnio.
12:16
We know what Darwin
was doing at different times,
was doing at different times,
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Znamo šta je Darvin radio
u različitim periodima
u različitim periodima
12:18
because the creativity researchers
Howard Gruber and Sara Davis
Howard Gruber and Sara Davis
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jer su istraživači kreativnosti
Hauard Gruber i Sara Dejvis
Hauard Gruber i Sara Dejvis
12:22
have analyzed his diaries
and his notebooks.
and his notebooks.
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analizirali njegove dnevnike
i njegove sveske.
i njegove sveske.
12:25
So, when he left school, age of 18,
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Kada je napustio školu, sa 18 godina,
12:27
he was initially interested in two fields,
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prvobitno su ga zanimale dve oblasti:
12:30
zoology and geology.
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zoologija i geologija.
12:33
Pretty soon, he signed up to be
the onboard naturalist on the "Beagle."
the onboard naturalist on the "Beagle."
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Uskoro, prijavio se da bude
brodski prirodnjak na „Biglu“.
brodski prirodnjak na „Biglu“.
12:38
This is the ship
that eventually took five years
that eventually took five years
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Radi se o brodu kojem je bilo
potrebno pet godina
potrebno pet godina
12:40
to sail all the way around
the southern oceans of the Earth,
the southern oceans of the Earth,
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da oplovi skroz
oko zemljinih južnih okeana,
oko zemljinih južnih okeana,
zaustavljajući se na Galapagosu,
prolazeći kroz Indijski okean.
prolazeći kroz Indijski okean.
12:44
stopping at the Galápagos,
passing through the Indian ocean.
passing through the Indian ocean.
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12:47
While he was on the "Beagle,"
he began researching coral reefs.
he began researching coral reefs.
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Dok je bio na „Biglu“,
počeo je da izučava koralne grebene.
počeo je da izučava koralne grebene.
12:50
This is a great synergy
between his two interests
between his two interests
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Radi se o velikoj sinergiji
njegova dva interesovanja,
njegova dva interesovanja,
12:53
in zoology and geology,
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zoologije i geologije,
12:55
and it starts to get him thinking
about slow processes.
about slow processes.
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i navelo ga je na razmišljanje
o sporim procesima.
o sporim procesima.
13:00
But when he gets back from the voyage,
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Međutim, kad se vratio s putovanja,
13:03
his interests start to expand
even further: psychology, botany;
even further: psychology, botany;
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njegova interesovanja počinju da se šire
još više, na psihologiju, botaniku;
još više, na psihologiju, botaniku;
13:08
for the rest of his life,
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do kraja života,
13:09
he's moving backwards and forwards
between these different fields.
between these different fields.
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kretaće se napred i nazad
između ovih različitih oblasti,
između ovih različitih oblasti,
13:13
He never quite abandons any of them.
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nikada u potpunosti
ne napuštajući ni jednu.
ne napuštajući ni jednu.
13:16
In 1837, he begins work
on two very interesting projects.
on two very interesting projects.
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Godine 1837, započinje rad
na dva veoma zanimljiva projekta.
na dva veoma zanimljiva projekta.
13:20
One of them: earthworms.
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Jedan od njih su bile kišne gliste.
13:22
The other, a little notebook
which he titles
which he titles
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Drugi je bila jedna sveščica naslovljena:
13:26
"The transmutation of species."
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„Transmutacija vrsta“.
13:29
Then, Darwin starts
studying my field, economics.
studying my field, economics.
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Potom je Darvin počeo
da izučava moju oblast, ekonomiju.
da izučava moju oblast, ekonomiju.
13:35
He reads a book
by the economist Thomas Malthus.
by the economist Thomas Malthus.
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Čita knjigu ekonomiste Tomasa Maltusa.
13:40
And he has his eureka moment.
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I doživljava eureka momenat.
13:42
In a flash, he realizes how species
could emerge and evolve slowly,
could emerge and evolve slowly,
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U trenu shvata kako su vrste
mogle da nastanu i polako evoluiraju
mogle da nastanu i polako evoluiraju
13:48
through this process
of the survival of the fittest.
of the survival of the fittest.
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putem procesa opstanka najsposobnijih.
13:51
It all comes to him,
he writes it all down,
he writes it all down,
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Sve mu se javlja, on sve zapisuje,
13:53
every single important element
of the theory of evolution,
of the theory of evolution,
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svaki važan elemenat teorije evolucije,
13:57
in that notebook.
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u tu svesku.
13:58
But then, a new project.
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A onda, novi projekat.
14:02
His son William is born.
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Rodio se njegov sin Vilijam.
14:05
Well, there's a natural
experiment right there,
experiment right there,
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Pa, tu imate prirodni eksperiment,
dobijete priliku da posmatrate
razvoj ljudskog novorođenčeta.
razvoj ljudskog novorođenčeta.
14:07
you get to observe
the development of a human infant.
the development of a human infant.
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14:10
So immediately,
Darwin starts making notes.
Darwin starts making notes.
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Istog trenutka, Darvin počinje
da pravi beleške.
da pravi beleške.
14:13
Now, of course, he's still working
on the theory of evolution
on the theory of evolution
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Sad, naravno, i dalje radi
na teoriji evolucije
na teoriji evolucije
14:16
and the development of the human infant.
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i na razvoju ljudskog novorođenčeta.
14:19
But during all of this,
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Međutim, tokom svega ovoga,
14:20
he realizes he doesn't really know
enough about taxonomy.
enough about taxonomy.
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shvata da uistinu ne zna
dovoljno o taksonomiji.
dovoljno o taksonomiji.
14:24
So he starts studying that.
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Pa počinje i to da izučava.
14:26
And in the end, he spends eight years
becoming the world's leading expert
becoming the world's leading expert
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A naposletku, provodi osam godina
postajući svetski vodeći stručnjak
postajući svetski vodeći stručnjak
14:32
on barnacles.
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za školjke.
14:35
Then, "Natural Selection."
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Sledi: „Prirodna selekcija“.
14:37
A book that he's to continue working on
for his entire life, he never finishes it.
for his entire life, he never finishes it.
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Knjiga na kojoj je nastavio da radi
čitav svoj život, nikad je ne dovršivši.
čitav svoj život, nikad je ne dovršivši.
14:42
"Origin of Species" is finally published
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„Poreklo vrsta“ je konačno objavljena
14:45
20 years after Darwin set out
all the basic elements.
all the basic elements.
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20 godina nakon što je Darvin
izložio sve osnovne elemente.
izložio sve osnovne elemente.
14:49
Then, the "Descent of Man,"
controversial book.
controversial book.
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Sledi „Poreklo čoveka“,
kontroverzna knjiga.
kontroverzna knjiga.
14:52
And then, the book about
the development of the human infant.
the development of the human infant.
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A potom, knjiga o razvoju
ljudskog novorođenčeta.
ljudskog novorođenčeta.
14:56
The one that was inspired
when he could see his son, William,
when he could see his son, William,
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Inspirisana prizorom
njegovog sina Vilijama
njegovog sina Vilijama
15:00
crawling on the sitting room
floor in front of him.
floor in front of him.
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kako puzi pred njim u dnevnom boravku.
15:03
When the book was published,
William was 37 years old.
William was 37 years old.
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Kada je knjiga objavljena,
Vilijam je imao 37 godina.
Vilijam je imao 37 godina.
15:08
And all this time,
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A za sve to vreme,
15:10
Darwin's working on earthworms.
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Darvin je radio na kišnim glistama.
15:13
He fills his billiard room with earthworms
in pots, with glass covers.
in pots, with glass covers.
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Ispunio bi sobu za bilijar kišnim glistama
u kutijama sa staklenim poklopcima.
u kutijama sa staklenim poklopcima.
15:19
He shines lights on them,
to see if they'll respond.
to see if they'll respond.
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Obasjava ih svetlošću,
proveravajući da li će da reaguju.
proveravajući da li će da reaguju.
15:22
He holds a hot poker next to them,
to see if they move away.
to see if they move away.
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Drži vreo žarač blizu njih
da proveri da li će da pobegnu.
da proveri da li će da pobegnu.
15:25
He chews tobacco and --
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Žvaće duvan i -
15:27
(Blows)
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(Duva)
15:28
He blows on the earthworms
to see if they have a sense of smell.
to see if they have a sense of smell.
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Duva u kišne gliste
da bi video da li imaju čulo mirisa.
da bi video da li imaju čulo mirisa.
Čak svira fagot kišnim glistama.
15:31
He even plays the bassoon
at the earthworms.
at the earthworms.
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15:36
I like to think of this great man
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Volim da razmišljam
o ovom velikom čoveku
o ovom velikom čoveku
15:38
when he's tired, he's stressed,
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kada je umoran, pod stresom,
15:41
he's anxious about the reception
of his book "The Descent of Man."
of his book "The Descent of Man."
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nespokojan zbog prijema
njegove knjige „Poreklo čoveka“.
njegove knjige „Poreklo čoveka“.
15:45
You or I might log into Facebook
or turn on the television.
or turn on the television.
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Vi i ja možemo da se ulogujemo
na Fejsbuk ili da uključimo televizor.
na Fejsbuk ili da uključimo televizor.
15:50
Darwin would go
into the billiard room to relax
into the billiard room to relax
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Darvin bi pošao
u sobu za bilijar da se opusti
u sobu za bilijar da se opusti
15:54
by studying the earthworms intensely.
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intenzivno izučavajući kišne gliste.
15:58
And that's why it's appropriate
that one of his last great works
that one of his last great works
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I stoga je prikladno da je jedno
od njegovih poslednjih značajnih dela:
od njegovih poslednjih značajnih dela:
16:02
is the "Formation of Vegetable Mould
Through The Action of Worms."
Through The Action of Worms."
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„Nastanak povrtne buđi delovanjem crva“.
16:07
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
16:09
He worked upon that book for 44 years.
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Radio je na toj knjizi 44 godine.
16:16
We don't live in the 19th century anymore.
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Više ne živimo u XIX veku.
16:18
I don't think any of us could sit
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Ne mislim da bi bilo ko od nas
mogao da dreždi
mogao da dreždi
16:21
on our creative or scientific
projects for 44 years.
projects for 44 years.
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44 godine na svom
kreativnom ili naučnom projektu.
kreativnom ili naučnom projektu.
16:26
But we do have something to learn
from the great slow-motion multitaskers.
from the great slow-motion multitaskers.
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Međutim, možemo nešto da naučimo
od velikih upražnjavalaca multitaskinga.
od velikih upražnjavalaca multitaskinga.
16:30
From Einstein and Darwin
to Michael Crichton and Twyla Tharp.
to Michael Crichton and Twyla Tharp.
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Od Ajnštajna i Darvina,
preko Majkla Krajtona i Tvajle Tarp.
preko Majkla Krajtona i Tvajle Tarp.
16:37
The modern world seems
to present us with a choice.
to present us with a choice.
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Savremeni svet, kako se čini,
nudi nam izbor.
nudi nam izbor.
16:40
If we're not going to fast-twitch
from browser window to browser window,
from browser window to browser window,
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Ako nećemo da poskakujemo
od jednog do drugog prozora pretraživača,
od jednog do drugog prozora pretraživača,
16:44
we have to live like a hermit,
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moramo da živimo poput pustinjaka,
16:46
focus on one thing
to the exclusion of everything else.
to the exclusion of everything else.
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usredsređujući se samo na jednu stvar,
isključujući sve ostale.
isključujući sve ostale.
16:50
I think that's a false dilemma.
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Smatram da se radi o lažnoj dilemi.
16:53
We can make multitasking work for us,
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Možemo multitasking
da preokrenemo u svoju korist,
da preokrenemo u svoju korist,
16:55
unleashing our natural creativity.
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oslobađajući tako
našu prirodnu kreativnost.
našu prirodnu kreativnost.
16:59
We just need to slow it down.
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Samo moramo da ga usporimo.
17:02
So ...
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Dakle...
17:04
Make a list of your projects.
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Napravite spisak projekata.
17:07
Put down your phone.
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Spustite telefon.
17:09
Pick up a couple of cardboard boxes.
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Uzmite nekoliko kartonskih kutija.
17:12
And get to work.
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I bacite se na posao.
17:15
Thank you very much.
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Mnogo vam hvala.
17:16
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Tim Harford - Economist, journalist, broadcasterTim Harford's writings reveal the economic ideas behind everyday experiences.
Why you should listen
In the Undercover Economist column he writes for the Financial Times, Tim Harford looks at familiar situations in unfamiliar ways and explains the fundamental principles of the modern economy. He illuminates them with clear writing and a variety of examples borrowed from daily life.
His book, Adapt: Why Success Always Starts With Failure, argues that the world has become far too unpredictable and complex for today's challenges to be tackled with ready-made solutions and expert opinions. Instead, Harford suggests, we need to learn to embrace failure and to constantly adapt, to improvise rather than plan, to work from the bottom up rather than the top down. His next book, Messy: Thriving in a Tidy-Minded World will be published in September 2016.
Harford also presents the BBC radio series More or Less, a rare broadcast program devoted, as he says, to "the powerful, sometimes beautiful, often abused but ever ubiquitous world of numbers."
He says: "I’d like to see many more complex problems approached with a willingness to experiment."
Tim Harford | Speaker | TED.com