ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Stewart Brand - Environmentalist, futurist
Since the counterculture '60s, Stewart Brand has been creating our internet-worked world. Now, with biotech accelerating four times faster than digital technology, Stewart Brand has a bold new plan ...

Why you should listen

With biotech accelerating four times faster than digital technology, the revival of extinct species is becoming possible. Stewart Brand plans to not only bring species back but restore them to the wild.

Brand is already a legend in the tech industry for things he’s created: the Whole Earth Catalog, The WELL, the Global Business Network, the Long Now Foundation, and the notion that “information wants to be free.” Now Brand, a lifelong environmentalist, wants to re-create -- or “de-extinct” -- a few animals that’ve disappeared from the planet.

Granted, resurrecting the woolly mammoth using ancient DNA may sound like mad science. But Brand’s Revive and Restore project has an entirely rational goal: to learn what causes extinctions so we can protect currently endangered species, preserve genetic and biological diversity, repair depleted ecosystems, and essentially “undo harm that humans have caused in the past.”

More profile about the speaker
Stewart Brand | Speaker | TED.com
Chris Anderson - TED Curator
After a long career in journalism and publishing, Chris Anderson became the curator of the TED Conference in 2002 and has developed it as a platform for identifying and disseminating ideas worth spreading.

Why you should listen

Chris Anderson is the Curator of TED, a nonprofit devoted to sharing valuable ideas, primarily through the medium of 'TED Talks' -- short talks that are offered free online to a global audience.

Chris was born in a remote village in Pakistan in 1957. He spent his early years in India, Pakistan and Afghanistan, where his parents worked as medical missionaries, and he attended an American school in the Himalayas for his early education. After boarding school in Bath, England, he went on to Oxford University, graduating in 1978 with a degree in philosophy, politics and economics.

Chris then trained as a journalist, working in newspapers and radio, including two years producing a world news service in the Seychelles Islands.

Back in the UK in 1984, Chris was captivated by the personal computer revolution and became an editor at one of the UK's early computer magazines. A year later he founded Future Publishing with a $25,000 bank loan. The new company initially focused on specialist computer publications but eventually expanded into other areas such as cycling, music, video games, technology and design, doubling in size every year for seven years. In 1994, Chris moved to the United States where he built Imagine Media, publisher of Business 2.0 magazine and creator of the popular video game users website IGN. Chris eventually merged Imagine and Future, taking the combined entity public in London in 1999, under the Future name. At its peak, it published 150 magazines and websites and employed 2,000 people.

This success allowed Chris to create a private nonprofit organization, the Sapling Foundation, with the hope of finding new ways to tackle tough global issues through media, technology, entrepreneurship and, most of all, ideas. In 2001, the foundation acquired the TED Conference, then an annual meeting of luminaries in the fields of Technology, Entertainment and Design held in Monterey, California, and Chris left Future to work full time on TED.

He expanded the conference's remit to cover all topics, including science, business and key global issues, while adding a Fellows program, which now has some 300 alumni, and the TED Prize, which grants its recipients "one wish to change the world." The TED stage has become a place for thinkers and doers from all fields to share their ideas and their work, capturing imaginations, sparking conversation and encouraging discovery along the way.

In 2006, TED experimented with posting some of its talks on the Internet. Their viral success encouraged Chris to begin positioning the organization as a global media initiative devoted to 'ideas worth spreading,' part of a new era of information dissemination using the power of online video. In June 2015, the organization posted its 2,000th talk online. The talks are free to view, and they have been translated into more than 100 languages with the help of volunteers from around the world. Viewership has grown to approximately one billion views per year.

Continuing a strategy of 'radical openness,' in 2009 Chris introduced the TEDx initiative, allowing free licenses to local organizers who wished to organize their own TED-like events. More than 8,000 such events have been held, generating an archive of 60,000 TEDx talks. And three years later, the TED-Ed program was launched, offering free educational videos and tools to students and teachers.

More profile about the speaker
Chris Anderson | Speaker | TED.com
TED2017

Stewart Brand and Chris Anderson: Mammoths resurrected, geoengineering and other thoughts from a futurist

Stjuart Brend (Stewart Brand) i Kris Anderson (Chris Anderson): Vaskrsli mamuti, geoinženjering i druge misli futuriste

Filmed:
1,163,242 views

Stjuart Brend je futurista, kntrakulturalista i vizionar širokog uma. U razgovoru sa kustosom TED-a, Krisom Andersonom, Brend raspravlja... pa skoro o svemu: ljudskoj prirodi, vraćanju runastog mamuta, geoinženjeringu, obnavljanju ekostaništa i nauci kao organizovanom skepticizmu - plus priča o LSD tripu na krovu San Franciska u '60-im, koji je izrodio ideju koja će da izmeni njegov pogled na svet. "Priča koju nam pričaju je da smo mi naredni meteor", kaže Brend, ali "stvari mogu da se poprave".
- Environmentalist, futurist
Since the counterculture '60s, Stewart Brand has been creating our internet-worked world. Now, with biotech accelerating four times faster than digital technology, Stewart Brand has a bold new plan ... Full bio - TED Curator
After a long career in journalism and publishing, Chris Anderson became the curator of the TED Conference in 2002 and has developed it as a platform for identifying and disseminating ideas worth spreading. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
ChrisKris AndersonAnderson: OK, StewartStewart,
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Kris Anderson: U redu, Stjuarte,
00:14
in the '60s, you -- I think it was '68 --
you foundedоснован this magazineмагазин.
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ti si '60-h - mislim da je to bilo '68. -
osnovao ovaj časopis.
Stjuart Brend: Bravo!
To je originalni primerak.
00:19
StewartStewart BrandBrend: BravoBravo!
It's the originalоригинал one.
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00:21
That's hardтешко to find.
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Teško ga je naći.
KA: Tačno. Prvi broj, je l' da?
00:23
CACA: Right. IssuePitanje One, right?
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00:24
SBSB: MmMm hmmHmm.
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SB: Mm hm.
00:25
CACA: Why did that make so much impactутицај?
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KA: Zašto je bio toliko uticajan?
00:29
SBSB: CountercultureKontra-kulture was the mainглавни eventдогађај
that I was partдео of at the time,
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SB: Kontrakultura je bila glavni događaj
čiji sam bio deo u to vreme,
00:33
and it was madeмаде up
of hippiesхипи and NewNovi Left.
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a sačinjavali su je hipici i Nova levica.
00:37
That was sortврста of my contemporariessavremenici,
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To su bili, takoreći, moji savremenici,
00:39
the people I was just slightlyмало olderстарији than.
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ljudi od kojih sam bio malo stariji.
00:42
And my modeмод is to look
at where the interestingзанимљиво flowток is
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A moj način rada je da gledam
u zanimljive tokove događaja,
00:47
and then look in the other directionправац.
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a da onda odvratim pogled u drugom smeru.
00:49
CACA: (LaughsSmeje)
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KA: (Smeje se)
00:51
SBSB: PartlyDelimično, I was trainedобучени to do that
as an armyвојска officerофицир,
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SB: Delimično sam kao vojni oficir
obučen da tako radim,
no delom je to prosto jeftina
heuristika za otkrivanje originalnosti:
00:53
but partlyделимично, it's just a cheapјефтино heuristicheuristic
to find originalitiesoriginalities:
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00:56
don't look where everybodyсвима
elseдруго is looking,
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ne gledaj kuda svi ostali gledaju,
00:59
look the oppositeсупротно way.
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gledaj u suprotnom smeru.
01:00
So the dealдоговор with counterculturekontra-kulture is,
the hippiesхипи were very romanticромантичан
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Kod kontrakulture se radilo o tome
da su hipici bili veoma romantični
01:04
and kindкинд of againstпротив technologyтехнологија,
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i nekako protivnici tehnologije,
01:06
exceptосим very good LSDLSD-A from SandozSandoz,
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ne računajući veoma dobar LSD od Sandoza,
01:09
and the NewNovi Left was againstпротив technologyтехнологија
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a Nova levica je bila protiv tehnologije
01:12
because they thought
it was a powerмоћ deviceуређај.
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jer ju je smatrala oruđem moći.
01:15
ComputersRačunari were: do not spindleSpindle,
foldфолд, or mutilateunakazi.
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Kompjuteri su bili: neokretni,
nesavitljivi, nerasklopljivi.
01:19
FightBorba that.
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Suprotstavite se tome.
01:20
And so, the WholeCela EarthZemlja CatalogKatalog
was kindкинд of a counter-counterculturekontra-kontra-kulture. thing
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Te je čitav Whole Earth Catalog
bio nešto kao stvar kontra-kontrakulture
01:25
in the senseсмисао that I boughtкупио
BuckminsterBukminster Fuller'sFuller je ideaидеја
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u smislu da sam prihvatio
ideju Bakminstera Fulera
01:30
that toolsалати of are of the essenceДуша.
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da su postojeća oruđa suštinski važna.
01:33
ScienceNauka and engineersинжењери basicallyу основи
defineдефинисати the worldсвет in interestingзанимљиво waysначини.
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Nauka i inženjeri u suštini
određuju svet na zanimljive načine.
01:38
If all the politiciansполитичари
disappearedнестао one weekНедеља,
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Ako bi svi političari nestali
na nedelju dana
01:41
it would be ... a nuisancesmetnja.
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to bi bila... neprijatnost.
01:43
But if all the scientistsнаучници
and engineersинжењери disappearedнестао one weekНедеља,
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Međutim, ako bi svi naučnici
i inženjeri nestali na nedelju dana,
to bi bilo mnogo više od neprijatnosti.
01:46
it would be way more than a nuisancesmetnja.
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01:48
CACA: We still believe that, I think.
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KA: Mislim da još uvek verujemo u to.
01:51
SBSB: So focusфокусирати on that.
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SB: Dakle, fokusirajmo se na to.
01:54
And then the NewNovi Left was talkingпричају
about powerмоћ to the people.
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A potom je Nova levica
govorila o moć narodu.
01:59
And people like SteveSteve JobsPoslovi
and SteveSteve WozniakVoznijak
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A ljudi poput Stiva Džobsa
i Stiva Voznjaka
02:02
cutрез that and just said, powerмоћ to people,
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su to skratili i prosto rekli moć svima,
02:06
toolsалати that actuallyзаправо work.
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oruđa koja zapravo funkcionišu.
02:08
And so, where FullerFuller was sayingговорећи
don't try to changeпромена humanљудско natureприрода,
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Te, dok je Fuler govorio
ne pokušavajte da menjate ljudsku prirodu,
02:13
people have been tryingпокушавајући for a long time
and it does not even bendбенд,
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ljudi su pokušavali dugo vremena
i nije se čak ni povila,
no možete veoma lako da menjate oruđa.
02:17
but you can changeпромена toolsалати very easilyлако.
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02:19
So the efficientефикасан thing to do
if you want to make the worldсвет better
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Te efikasna stvar,
ako želite da poboljšate svet,
nije, kao Nova Levica, da pokušate
da navedete ljude da se ponašaju drugačije
02:22
is not try to make people behaveпонашати се
differentlyдругачије like the NewNovi Left was,
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02:25
but just give them toolsалати
that go in the right directionправац.
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već da im date oruđa
da bi se kretali u pravom smeru.
02:28
That was the WholeCela EarthZemlja CatalogKatalog.
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To je suština Whole Earth Catalog-a.
02:30
CACA: And StewartStewart, the centralцентрално imageслика --
this is one of the first imagesслике,
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KA: A, Stjuarte, centralna slika -
ovo je jedna od prvih slika,
02:34
the first time people had seenвиђено
EarthZemlja from outerспољашњи spaceпростор.
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prvi put da su ljudi videli
Zemlju iz svemira.
02:36
That had an impactутицај, too.
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To je takođe bilo uticajno.
02:38
SBSB: It was kindкинд of a chanceшанса
that in the springпролеће of '66,
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SB: Bila je to slučajnost
da sam u leto '66,
02:42
thanksХвала to an LSDLSD-A experienceискуство
on a rooftopna krovu in SanSan FranciscoFranciska,
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zahvaljujući iskustvu sa LSD-om
na krovu u San Francisku,
02:45
I got thinkingразмишљање about, again,
something that FullerFuller talkedпричао about,
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ponovo počeo da razmišljam
o nečemu o čemu je Fuler govorio,
02:48
that a lot of people assumeпретпоставити
that the EarthZemlja is flatраван
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kako mnogi ljudi pretpostavljaju
da je Zemlja ravna
02:50
and kindкинд of infiniteбесконачан
in termsуслови of its resourcesресурса,
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i na neki način beskonačna
u smislu resursa,
02:53
but onceједном you really graspРазумети
that it's a sphereсфера
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ali čim shvatite da se radi o sferi
02:55
and that there's only so much of it,
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i da je ima tek toliko,
02:57
then you startпочетак husbandinghusbanding your resourcesресурса
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onda počnete da štedite resurse
i razmišljate o njoj kao konačnom sistemu.
03:00
and thinkingразмишљање about it as a finiteконачан systemсистем.
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03:02
"SpaceshipSvemirski brod EarthZemlja" was his metaphorметафора.
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"Svemirski brod Zemlja"
je bila njegova metafora.
03:04
And I wanted that to be the caseслучај,
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A ja sam želeo da je tako,
03:07
but on LSDLSD-A I was gettingдобијања higherвише and higherвише
on my hundredсто microgramsmikrograma
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ali zbog LSD sam sve više i više lebdeo
na svojih stotinu mikrograma
03:11
on the roofкров of SanSan FranciscoFranciska,
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na krovu San Franciska,
03:14
and noticedПриметио that the downtownЦентар града buildingsзграде
whichкоја were right in frontфронт of me
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i primetio sam kako zgrade u centru,
koje su bile tačno ispred mene,
03:19
were not all parallelпаралелно,
they were sortврста of fannedraspiri out like this.
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nisu paralelne,
bile su nekako ovako raspršene.
03:22
And that's because
they are on a curvedZakrivljena surfaceповршина.
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A to je zato što su na zakrivljenom tlu.
03:26
And if I were even higherвише,
I would see that even more clearlyјасно,
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A da sam bio na višem položaju,
to bi mi bilo još jasnije,
03:29
higherвише than that, more clearlyјасно still,
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više od toga, još jasnije,
dovoljno visoko i krug bi se zatvorio
03:31
higherвише enoughдовољно, and it would closeБлизу,
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03:32
and you would get
the circleкруг of EarthZemlja from spaceпростор.
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i dobili biste zemljin krug iz svemira.
03:35
And I thought, you know, we'veми смо been
in spaceпростор for 10 yearsгодине --
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Pa sam pomislio, znate,
u svemiru smo već 10 godina -
03:38
at that time, this is '66 --
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u to vreme, radi se o '66. -
03:40
and the camerasкамере had never lookedпогледао back.
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a kamere se nikad nisu osvrnule.
03:42
They'dOni bi always been looking out
or looking at just partsделови of the EarthZemlja.
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Uvek su gledale ka spolja
ili su samo gledale delove Zemlje.
03:45
And so I said, why haven'tније we seenвиђено
a photographфотографија of the wholeцела EarthZemlja yetјош увек?
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Pa sam rekao, zašto još uvek nemamo
fotografiju celokupne Zemlje?
03:50
And it wentотишао around and NASANASA-E got it
and senatorsSenatori, secretariessekretarice got it,
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O tome se pročulo, stiglo je do NASA-e
i senatora, sekretara
03:53
and variousразни people
in the PolitburoPolitbiroa got it,
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i raznih ljudi iz Politbiroa,
03:55
and it wentотишао around and around.
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i kružilo je i kružilo.
03:57
And withinу склопу two and a halfпола yearsгодине,
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I za dve i po godine,
03:58
about the time the WholeCela EarthZemlja
CatalogKatalog cameДошао out,
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u vreme kada je izašao
Whole Earth Catalog,
počele su da se pojavljuju ove slike
04:01
these imagesслике startedпочела to appearпојавити,
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04:02
and indeedзаиста, they did transformпреобразити everything.
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i zaista su sve preobrazile.
04:04
And my ideaидеја of hackingхаковање civilizationцивилизација
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A moja zamisao izmene civilizacije
04:09
is that you try to do something
lazylenja and ingeniousгенијалан
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je da pokušavate nešto lenjo i genijalno
04:13
and just sortврста of trickтрик the situationситуација.
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i prosto nekako prevarite situaciju.
04:16
So all of these photographsфотографије
that you see --
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Dakle, sve ove fotografije koje vidite -
04:18
and then the marchмарш for scienceНаука last weekНедеља,
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a onda tokom prošlonedeljnog
marša za nauku,
04:20
they were carryingношење these
WholeCela EarthZemlja bannersreklamni natpisi and so on --
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nosili su ove barjake Whole Earth itd. -
04:23
I did that with no work.
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ja sam to uspeo skrštenih ruku.
04:26
I soldпродат those buttonsдугмад for 25 centsценти apieceкомад.
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Prodao sam tu dugmad 25 centi po komadu.
04:28
So, you know, tweakingPomahnitao the systemсистем
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Dakle, znate, štimovanje sistema
04:32
is, I think, not only the mostнајвише efficientефикасан
way to make the systemсистем go
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je, mislim, ne samo najefikasniji
način da usmerite sistem
04:36
in interestingзанимљиво waysначини,
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u zanimljivom smeru,
04:37
but in some waysначини, the safestnajsigurnije way,
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već je nekako i najbezbedniji način
04:39
because when you try to horseкоњ
the wholeцела systemсистем around in a bigвелики way,
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jer kad pokušate da izmanipulišete
čitav sistem na izrazit način,
04:42
you can get into bigвелики
horsing-aroundSvi su onda okolo problemsпроблеми,
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možete zapasti u velike,
zeznute, probleme,
04:45
but if you tweaktrzaj it,
it will adjustприлагодите to the tweaktrzaj.
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ali ako ga štimujete,
sam će da se podesi štimu.
04:48
CACA: So sinceОд then,
amongмеђу manyмноги other things,
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KA: Dakle, otada, između ostalog,
04:50
you've been regardedсматрати as a leadingводећи voiceглас
in the environmentalеколошки movementпокрет,
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smatraju te vodećim glasom
u pokretu očuvanja prirode,
04:53
but you are alsoтакође a counterculturalistcounterculturalist,
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ali ti si i kontrakulturalista,
04:55
and recentlyнедавно, you've been
takingузимајући on a lot of,
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a od nedavno si pod kritikom,
04:59
well, you've been declaringproglašenja
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dakle, obznanjuješ
05:00
what a lot of environmentalistsеколози
almostскоро believe are heresiesjeresi.
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nešto što mnogi ekolozi
smatraju gotovo jeresima.
05:03
I kindкинд of want to exploreистражити
a coupleпар of those.
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Nekako želim da istražim neke od njih.
05:05
I mean, tell me about this imageслика here.
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Mislim, prčaj mi o ovoj slici ovde.
05:08
SBSB: Ha-haHa-ha!
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SB: Ha-ha!
05:10
That's a NationalNacionalni GeographicGeografska imageслика
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To je slika Nacionalne geografije
05:12
of what is calledпозвани the mammothmamuta steppestepa,
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nečega što se naziva mamutskom stepom,
05:16
what the farдалеко northсевер, the sub-Arcticpod-Arktik
and ArcticArktik regionрегион, used to look like.
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kako su nekada Subarktik
i Arktička oblast izgledali.
05:20
In factчињеница, the wholeцела worldсвет
used to look like that.
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Zapravo, nekada je čitav svet
tako izgledao.
05:24
What we find in SouthJug AfricaAfrika
and the SerengetiSerengeti now,
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Ono što sad vidimo
u Južnoj Africi i Serengetiju,
05:27
lots of bigвелики animalsЖивотиње,
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mnoštvo velikih životinja,
05:29
was the caseслучај in this partдео of CanadaKanada,
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bio je slučaj i u ovom delu Kanade,
05:32
throughoutтоком the US, throughoutтоком EurasiaEurasia,
throughoutтоком the worldсвет.
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širom SAD-a, širom Evroazije, širom sveta.
05:35
This was the normнорма
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Ovo je bio standard
05:37
and can be again.
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i može ponovo da bude.
05:40
So in a senseсмисао,
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Pa je na neki način
05:42
my long-termдугорочни goalЦиљ at this pointтачка
is to not only bringдовести back those animalsЖивотиње
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moj dugoročni cilj trenutno,
ne samo da vratimo ove životinje
05:47
and the grasslandpašnjaci they madeмаде,
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i njihove pašnjake,
05:50
whichкоја could be a climateклима
stabilizationstabilizaciju systemсистем over the long runтрцати,
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što bi moglo da bude dugoročan
sistem stabilizacije klime,
05:55
but even the mammothsmamuti
there in the backgroundбацкгроунд
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ali čak su i mamuti tamo u pozadini
05:57
that are partдео of the storyприча.
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deo te priče.
05:59
And I think that's probablyвероватно
a 200-year-године goalЦиљ.
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I mislim da je to verovatno
dvestogodišnji cilj.
06:04
Maybe in 100, by the endкрај of this centuryвек,
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Možda za 100, do kraja ovog veka,
06:06
we should be ableу могуцности to dialBiraj broj down
the extinctionизумирање rateстопа
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trebalo bi da umanjimo stopu izumiranja
06:09
to sortврста of what it's been
in the backgroundбацкгроунд.
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na približnu onoj koja je bila u pozadini.
06:11
BringingDonosi back this amountизнос
of bio-abundancebio-u izobilju will take longerдуже,
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Vraćanje ove količine biološkog izobilja
će da potraje duže,
06:14
but it's worthвреди doing.
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ali je vredno truda.
06:15
CACA: We'llCemo come back to the mammothsmamuti,
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1743
KA: Vratićemo se mamutima,
06:17
but explainобјасни how we
should think of extinctionsизумирања.
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međutim, objasni mi kako bi trebalo
da razmišaljmo o izumiranjima.
06:20
ObviouslyOčigledno, one of the hugeогромно
concernsзабринутости right now
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Očito, trenutno je velika briga
06:24
is that extinctionизумирање is happeningдогађај
at a fasterбрже rateстопа than ever in historyисторија.
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to što se izumiranje dešava
brže nego ikad u istoriji.
06:28
That's the memeмеме that's out there.
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To je priča koji kruži.
06:31
How should we think of it?
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Kako da razmišljamo o tome?
06:33
SBSB: The storyприча that's out there
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SB: Kruže priče
06:34
is that we're in the middleсредина
of the SixthŠesto ExtinctionIzumiranje
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da smo u sred Šestog izumiranja
06:37
or maybe in the beginningпочетак
of the SixthŠesto ExtinctionIzumiranje.
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ili možda na početku Šestog izumiranja.
06:39
Because we're in
the de-extinctionde-izumiranje businessбизнис,
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2227
Kako smo u poslu poništavanja izumiranja,
06:42
the preventing-extinctionSprečavanje izumiranja businessбизнис
with ReviveOživi &ampamp; RestoreVraćanje u prethodno stanje,
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poslu sprečavanja izumiranja
sa Revive & Restore,
06:45
we startedпочела looking at what's actuallyзаправо
going on with extinctionизумирање.
138
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počeli smo da proveravamo
šta se zaista dešava sa izumiranjem.
06:48
And it turnsокреће се out, there's a very confusedзбуњено
setкомплет of dataподаци out there
139
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A ispostavlja se da je u ponudi
veoma zbunjujući skup podataka
06:52
whichкоја getsдобива oversimplifiedpojednostavljeno
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koji se suviše pojednostavljuju
06:55
into the narrativeнаратив of we're becomingпостаје ...
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u narativ da postajemo...
06:58
Here are fiveпет massмаса extinctionsизумирања that are
indicatednaznačeno by the yellowжуто trianglestrouglovi,
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Evo pet masovnih izumiranja
koja su označena žutim trouglovima,
07:03
and we're now nextследећи.
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a sada smo mi na redu.
07:06
The last one there on the farдалеко right
144
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Poslednje skroz desno
07:08
was the meteormeteor that struckударио
66 millionмилиона yearsгодине agoпре
145
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3151
je udar meteora pre 66 miliona godina,
07:11
and did in the dinosaursdinosaurusi.
146
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1449
a koji je uništio dinosauruse.
07:14
And the storyприча is, we're the nextследећи meteormeteor.
147
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A priča glasi da smo mi novi meteor.
07:17
Well, here'sево the dealдоговор.
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Pa, evo o čemu se radi.
07:18
I woundрана up researchingistražuje this
for a paperпапир I wroteнаписао,
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2915
Zatekao sam se istražujući ovo
za naučni rad koji sam pisao
07:21
that a massмаса extinctionизумирање is when
75 percentпроценат of all the speciesврсте
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da je masovno izumiranje
kada 75 procenata svih vrsta
07:27
in the worldсвет go extinctизумрла.
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u svetu izumre.
07:31
Well, there's on the orderнаручи
of five-and-a-half-millionpet i po miliona speciesврсте,
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439163
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Pa, imamo otprilike
pet i po miliona vrsta,
07:34
of whichкоја we'veми смо identifiedидентификовани
one and a halfпола millionмилиона.
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442344
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od kojih smo identifikovali
jedan i po milion.
07:36
AnotherDrugi 14,000 are beingбиће
identifiedидентификовани everyсваки yearгодине.
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Svake godine identifikujemo 14.000 novih.
07:39
There's a lot of biologyбиологија
going on out there.
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Biologija je u zamahu tu.
07:42
SinceOd 1500,
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Od 1500. godine
07:45
about 500 speciesврсте have goneотишла extinctизумрла,
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2591
oko 500 vrsta je izumrlo
07:49
and you'llти ћеш see the termтермина "massмаса extinctionизумирање"
kindкинд of used in strangeчудан waysначини.
158
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i videćete termin "masovno izumiranje"
kako se koristi nekako čudno.
07:53
So there was, about a yearгодине and a halfпола agoпре,
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Dakle, pre oko godinu i po smo imali
07:55
a front-pagenaslovnica storyприча by CarlKarl ZimmerZimmer
in the NewNovi YorkYork TimesPuta,
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463834
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priču Karla Cimera
na naslovnoj strani Njujork Tajmsa:
07:58
"MassMasa ExtinctionIzumiranje in the OceansOkeani,
BroadŠiroka StudiesStudije ShowPrikaži."
161
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"Opsežna studija pokazuje
masovno izumiranje u okeanima".
08:02
And then you readчитати into the articleчланак,
and it mentionsspominje that sinceОд 1500,
162
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A potom počnete da čitate članak,
koji pominje da je od 1500. godine
08:06
15 speciesврсте -- one, fiveпет --
have goneотишла extinctизумрла in the oceansокеана,
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15 vrsta - jedan, pet - izumrlo u okeanima
08:11
and, oh, by the way,
noneниједан in the last 50 yearsгодине.
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i to, usput, nijedna
u poslednjih 50 godina.
08:14
And you readчитати furtherдаље
into the storyприча, and it's sayingговорећи,
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Čitate dalje priču, a ona kaže
08:16
the horrifyingстрашно thing that's going on
166
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1761
da se dešava nešto zastrašujuće
08:18
is that the fisheriesribarstvo
are so overfishingribarenje the wildдивље fishesribice,
167
486408
3856
kako je ulov divlje ribe
u ribnjacima toliki
08:22
that it is takingузимајући down
the fishриба populationsпопулације in the oceansокеана
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da to uništava
riblju populaciju u okeanima
08:25
by 38 percentпроценат.
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1289
za 38 procenata.
08:27
That's the seriousозбиљан thing.
170
495591
1963
To je nešto ozbiljno.
08:29
NoneNiko nije of those speciesврсте
are probablyвероватно going to go extinctизумрла.
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Nijedna od tih vrsta
verovatno neće izumreti.
08:32
So you've just put, that headlineнаслов writerписац
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Pa ste prosto stavili, autor naslova
08:36
put a panicpanika buttonдугме
173
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je stavio dugme za paniku
08:38
on the topврх of the storyприча.
174
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1497
iznad priče.
08:40
It's clickbaitclickbait kindкинд of stuffствари,
175
508161
1771
Nalik mamcima za klikove,
08:41
but it's basicallyу основи sayingговорећи,
"Oh my God, startпочетак panickingu panici,
176
509956
3090
ali u suštini govore:
"Moj bože, počnite da paničite,
08:45
we're going to loseизгубити
all the speciesврсте in the oceansокеана."
177
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2494
izgubićemo sve vrste u okeanima."
08:47
Nothing like that is in prospectпроспект.
178
515588
2615
Bilo šta slično tome nije na vidiku.
08:50
And in factчињеница, what I then startedпочела
looking into in a little more detailдетаљ,
179
518842
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I, zapravo, tada sam počeo
podrobnije da ispitujem,
08:55
the RedCrveni ListLista showsпоказује about 23,000 speciesврсте
that are consideredразматрати threatenedпретио
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523379
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Crvena lista pokazuje oko 23.000 vrsta
koje se smatraju ugroženim
08:59
at one levelниво or anotherдруги,
181
527507
1330
u većoj ili manjoj meri,
09:00
comingдолазе from the InternationalMeđunarodni UnionSindikat
for the ConservationOčuvanje of NaturePriroda, the IUCNIUCN.
182
528861
3884
prema Međunarodnoj uniji
za očuvanje prirode, IUCN.
09:04
And NaturePriroda MagazineMagazin had a pieceпиеце
surveyingГМ Постако што штове иии.Д.ДТЦ САНТЦ.Д.ДТЦ Абоут Имагес Праве \ the lossгубитак of wildlifedivljine,
183
532769
5021
A časopis "Nejčer" je imao članak
koji je istraživao gubitak divljeg sveta,
09:09
and it said,
184
537814
1168
i rekli su:
09:11
"If all of those 23,000 wentотишао extinctизумрла
185
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3141
"Ako svih ovih 23.000 vrsta izumru
09:14
in the nextследећи centuryвек or so,
186
542171
1939
u narednom veku ili slično,
09:16
and that rateстопа of extinctionизумирање carriedноси on
for more centuriesвековима and millenniamilenijuma,
187
544134
4885
i ako se ta stopa nastavi
više vekova i milenijuma,
09:21
then we mightМожда be at the beginningпочетак
of a sixthшесто extinctionизумирање.
188
549043
4253
onda bismo možda mogli da budemo
na početku šestog izumiranja.
09:25
So the exaggerationpreterivanje is way out of handруку.
189
553945
2004
Dakle, preterivanje se otrglo kontroli.
09:27
But environmentalistsеколози always exaggerateпреувеличавају.
190
555973
1917
Međutim, ekolozi uvek preteruju.
09:29
That's a problemпроблем.
191
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1169
To je problem.
09:31
CACA: I mean, they probablyвероватно feel
a moralморално responsibilityодговорност to,
192
559107
3156
KA: Mislim, verovatno zato što osećaju
moralnu odgovornost
09:34
because they careнега so much about
the thing that they are looking at,
193
562287
3201
jer mnogo brinu oko toga čime se bave
09:37
and unlessосим ако не you bangбанг the drumбубањ for it,
maybe no one listenssluša.
194
565512
2935
i ako ne razglase na sva zvona,
možda niko neće slušati.
09:40
SBSB: EverySvaki time somebodyнеко saysкаже
moralморално this or moralморално that --
195
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3097
SB: Svaki put kad neko kaže
moralno je ovo ili ono -
09:43
"moralморално hazardОпасност,"
"precautionaryпредострожност principleпринцип" --
196
571592
2939
"moralna opasnost"
"princip predostrožnosti" -
09:46
these are termsуслови that are used
to basicallyу основи say no to things.
197
574555
4068
to su termini koji se koriste
u suštini za zabranu stvari.
09:51
CACA: So the problemпроблем isn't so much
fishриба extinctionизумирање, animalживотиња extinctionизумирање,
198
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3706
KA: Dakle, problem nije toliko
u izumiranju riba, životinja,
09:55
it's fishриба flourishingbuja, animalживотиња flourishingbuja,
199
583216
2791
već u bujanju riba, bujanju životinja,
09:58
that we're crowdingnagrnuo si them to some extentстепена?
200
586031
2502
da ih u određenoj meri pretrpavamo?
10:00
SBSB: Yeah, and I think we are crowdingnagrnuo si,
and there is lossesгубици going on.
201
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SB: Da, mislim da ih pretrpavamo
i dolazi do gubitaka.
10:04
The majorглавни lossesгубици
are causedизазвана by agricultureпољопривреде,
202
592840
3044
Najveće gubitke uzrokuje zemljoradnja,
10:07
and so anything that improvesпобољшава agricultureпољопривреде
and basicallyу основи makesчини it more condensedSkraжena,
203
595908
5617
pa sve što unapređuje zemljoradnju
i zbog čega je ona zgusnutija,
10:13
more highlyвисоко productiveпродуктиван,
204
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1702
produktvnija,
10:15
includingукључујући GMOsGMO-e, please,
205
603275
1979
uključujući GMO, moliću lepo,
ali čak iako želite
vertikalnu zemljoradnju u gradu,
10:17
but even if you want to do
verticalвертикала farmsфарме in townГрад,
206
605278
2536
10:19
includingукључујући insideу farmsфарме,
207
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1263
kao i farme u zatvorenom,
10:21
all the things that have been learnedнаучио
about how to growрасту potпот in basementspodrumima,
208
609125
3631
sve što smo naučili
o uzgoju marihuane u podrumima
10:24
is now beingбиће appliedпримењено to growingрастуће
vegetablesповрће insideу containersKontejneri --
209
612780
3181
trenutno se primenjuje na uzgoj
povrća u saksijama -
10:27
that's great, that's all good stuffствари,
210
615985
1868
to je sjajno, to su sve sjajne stvari
10:29
because landземљиште sparingpoљtedeo is the mainглавни thing
we can do for natureприрода.
211
617877
4032
jer je ušteda zemljišta osnovno
što možemo da uradimo za prirodu.
10:34
People movingкретање to citiesградова is good.
212
622270
1816
Seoba ljudi u gradove je dobra.
10:36
MakingPravljenje agricultureпољопривреде lessмање
of a destructionуништење of the landscapeпејзаж is good.
213
624424
4762
Umanjiti štetu koju zemljoradnja
nanosi pejzažima je dobro.
10:41
CACA: There people talkingпричају about
bringingдоносећи back speciesврсте, rewildingrewilding ...
214
629210
3205
KA: Ljudi pričaju o vraćanju vrsta,
obnovi divljeg sveta...
10:44
Well, first of all, rewildingrewilding speciesврсте:
What's the storyприча with these guys?
215
632439
3526
Pa, pre svega, obnova divljeg sveta:
šta je fora s tim ljudima?
10:47
SBSB: Ha-haHa-ha! WolvesVukovi.
216
635989
1713
SB: Ha-ha! Vukovi.
10:50
EuropeEurope, connectingповезивање to the previousПретходна pointтачка,
217
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3185
Evropa, da se nadovežem
na prethodnu priču,
10:53
we're now at probablyвероватно peakврх farmlandobradivog zemljišta,
218
641642
2359
trenutno smo na vrhuncu
količine obradive zemlje,
10:56
and, by the way, in termsуслови of populationпопулација,
219
644025
1940
i, usput, u smislu populacije
10:57
we are alreadyвећ
at peakврх childrenдеца beingбиће aliveжив.
220
645989
2576
već smo na vrhuncu broja žive dece.
11:00
HenceforthOd sada, there will be
fewerмање and fewerмање childrenдеца.
221
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2485
Od sad će da bude sve manje dece.
11:03
We are in the last doublingудвостручавање
of humanљудско populationпопулација,
222
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3611
Trenutno smo u poslednjem
udvostručavanju ljudske populacije
11:06
and it will get to nineдевет,
maybe nineдевет and a halfпола billionмилијарде,
223
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4104
i stići će do devet,
možda devet i po milijardi,
11:10
and then startпочетак not just levelingzvuka off,
but probablyвероватно going down.
224
658861
3395
a onda će početi, ne samo
da se uravnotežuje, već da opada.
11:14
LikewiseNa sličan način, farmlandobradivog zemljišta has now peakedBilo je na vrhuncu,
225
662708
2923
Slično, trenutno
je zemljoradnja na vrhuncu,
11:17
and one of the waysначини
that playsиграња out in EuropeEurope
226
665655
3520
a jedan od načina
na koje se to ispoljava u Evropi
11:21
is there's a lot
of abandonedнапуштен farmlandobradivog zemljišta now,
227
669199
3052
je što trenutno ima mnogo
napuštene obradive zemlje,
što se istog trena nanovo pošumljava.
11:24
whichкоја immediatelyодмах reforestsreforests.
228
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1753
11:26
They don't do wildlifedivljine
corridorskoridori in EuropeEurope.
229
674052
2411
U Evropi ne grade
koridore za divlje životinje.
11:28
They don't need to, because
so manyмноги of these farmsфарме are connectedповезан
230
676923
3098
Nemaju potrebe jer je toliko
tih farmi povezano
11:32
that they'veони су madeмаде
reforestedpošumili wildlifedivljine corridorskoridori,
231
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2987
da su obrazovale
pošumljene koridore za divlje životinje,
11:35
that the wolvesVukovi are comingдолазе back,
in this caseслучај, to SpainŠpanija.
232
683056
3095
te se vukovi vraćaju,
u ovom slučaju, u Španiju.
11:38
They'veOni su gottenготтен all the way
to the NetherlandsHolandija.
233
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2542
Stigli su skroz do Holandije.
11:40
There's bearsмедведи comingдолазе back.
There's lynxrisovi comingдолазе back.
234
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3556
Vraćaju se medvedi. Vraća se ris.
11:44
There's the EuropeanEvropski jackalŠakal.
I had no ideaидеја suchтаква a thing existedпостојала.
235
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Postoji evropski šakal.
Nisam ni znao da takvo šta postoji.
11:47
They're comingдолазе back from ItalyItalija
to the restодмор of EuropeEurope.
236
695526
2567
Stižu iz Italije u ostatak Evrope.
11:50
And unlikeза разлику од here, these are all predatorsпредатори,
whichкоја is kindкинд of interestingзанимљиво.
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I ne kao ovde, ovo su sve grabljivice,
što je nakako zanimljivo.
11:53
They are beingбиће welcomedpozdravio by EuropeansEvropljani.
They'veOni su been missedПропустио.
238
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Evropljani im žele dobrodošlicu.
Nedostajali su im.
11:57
CACA: And counterintuitivelycounterintuitively,
when you bringдовести back the predatorsпредатори,
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KA: I nasuprot intuiciji
kada vratite grabljivice,
12:00
it actuallyзаправо increasesповећава се ratherприлично than reducessmanjuje
240
708092
2112
to zapravo često uvećava, a ne smanjuje
12:02
the diversityразноликост of the underlyingosnovne
ecosystemекосистем oftenчесто.
241
710228
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raznovrsnost osnovnog ekosistema.
12:04
SBSB: Yeah, generallyобично predatorsпредатори
and largeвелики animalsЖивотиње --
242
712515
3756
SB: Da, uopšteno grabljivice
i velike životinje -
12:08
largeвелики animalsЖивотиње and largeвелики animalsЖивотиње
with sharpоштар teethзуби and clawskandže --
243
716295
3242
velike životinje i velike životinje
sa oštrim zubima i kandžama -
12:11
are turningокретање out to be highlyвисоко importantважно
for a really richбогат ecosystemекосистем.
244
719561
5106
ispostavlja se da su veoma važne
za istinski bogat ekosistem.
12:16
CACA: WhichŠto maybe bringsдоноси us to this ratherприлично
more dramaticдраматично rewildingrewilding projectпројекат
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KA: To nas dovodi do tog krajnje
dramatičnog projekta obnove divljine
12:20
that you've got yourselfсами involvedукључени in.
246
728663
1889
u koji si se uključio.
12:22
Why would someoneнеко want to bringдовести back
these terrifyingзастрашујуће woollyVuli mammothsmamuti?
247
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Zašto bi neko želio da vrati
te zastrašujuće runaste mamute?
12:25
SBSB: HmmHmm. AsianAzijski elephantsслонови
are the closestнајближе relativeу односу
248
733996
2874
SB: Hm. Azijski slonovi su najbliži rođaci
12:28
to the woollyVuli mammothmamuta,
249
736894
2293
runastom mamutu
12:31
and they're about the sameисти sizeвеличине,
geneticallyгенетски very closeБлизу.
250
739211
2889
i otprilike su iste veličine,
genetski su veoma bliski.
12:34
They divergedse razdvajaju quiteприлично recentlyнедавно
in evolutionaryеволуционарни historyисторија.
251
742124
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Gotovo nedavno su se razišli
u evolutivnoj istoriji.
12:38
The AsianAzijski elephantsслонови
are closerближе to woollyVuli mammothsmamuti
252
746201
2383
Azijski slonovi su bliži runastim mamutima
12:40
than they are to AfricanAfrički elephantsслонови,
253
748608
1795
nego afričkim slonovima,
12:42
but they're closeБлизу enoughдовољно
to AfricanAfrički elephantsслонови
254
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2207
ali su dovoljno bliski afričkim slonovima
12:44
that they have successfullyуспешно hybridizedhybridized.
255
752658
2049
da su se uspešno ukrstili.
12:47
So we're workingрад
with GeorgeGeorge ChurchCrkva at HarvardHarvard,
256
755486
3658
Pa sarađujemo
sa Džordžom Čurčom u Harvardu,
12:51
who has alreadyвећ movedпреселила се the genesгена
for fourчетири majorглавни traitsособине
257
759168
4069
koji je već preneo gene
za četiri osnovne osobine
12:55
from the now well-preserveddobro očuvanog, well-studiedDobro je studirao
genomeгеном of the woollyVuli mammothmamuta,
258
763261
6072
od trenutno dobro očuvanog, dobro izučenog
genoma runastog mamuta,
13:01
thanksХвала to so-calledтзв
"ancientдревни DNADNK analysisанализа."
259
769357
2948
zahvaljujući takozvanoj
"drevnoj DNK analizi".
13:05
And in the labлаб, he has movedпреселила се those genesгена
into livingживи AsianAzijski elephantслон cellмобилни linesлиније,
260
773178
5783
A u laboratoriji je preneo te gene
u ćelijske trake živog azijskog slona,
13:10
where they're takingузимајући up
theirњихова properpravi placeместо thanksХвала to CRISPRCRISPR.
261
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gde su zauzele odgovarajuće mesto
zahvaljujući CRISPR.
13:14
I mean, they're not shootingпуцање the genesгена in
like you did with geneticгенетски engineeringинжењеринг.
262
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3835
Mislim, ne ubacujete gene
kao u slučaju genetskog inženjeringa.
13:18
Now with CRISPRCRISPR you're editingедитовање,
basicallyу основи, one allelezajednički Alel,
263
786159
3289
Sad sa CRISPR redigujete,
u suštini, jedan alel
13:21
and replacingзамењујући it in the placeместо
of anotherдруги allelezajednički Alel.
264
789472
3320
i stavljate ga na mesto drugog alela.
13:25
So you're now gettingдобијања basicallyу основи
AsianAzijski elephantслон germlineGremlin cellsћелије
265
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6303
Dakle, sada u suštini dobijate sukcesiju
ćelijskih zametaka azijskog slona
13:31
that are effectivelyефикасно in termsуслови
of the traitsособине that you're going for
266
799679
3850
koje su efikasne u smislu ciljnih osobina
13:35
to be comfortableудобан in the ArcticArktik,
267
803553
2504
koje su poželjne na Arktiku,
13:38
you're gettingдобијања them in there.
268
806899
1447
tu dolazite do njih.
13:40
So we go throughкроз the processпроцес
269
808370
1600
Pa, prolazimo kroz proces
13:41
of gettingдобијања that throughкроз
a surrogatesurogat motherмајка,
270
809994
2684
dobijanja toga preko surogat majke,
13:44
an AsianAzijski elephantслон motherмајка.
271
812702
1543
majke azijskog slona.
13:46
You can get a proxyproxy servera, as it's beingбиће calledпозвани
by conservationконзервација biologistsбиолози,
272
814269
4698
Možete da dobijete zastupnika,
kako to nazivaju biolozi konzervatori,
13:50
of the woollyVuli mammothmamuta,
273
818991
1401
runastog mamuta,
13:52
that is effectivelyефикасно a hairydlakavi,
curly-trunkedCurly-Trankt, AsianAzijski elephantслон
274
820416
5187
to je u suštini dlakavi,
uvijene surle azijski slon
13:57
that is perfectlyсавршено comfortableудобан
in the sub-Arcticpod-Arktik.
275
825627
2945
kome je savršeno ugodno
u oblasti subarktika.
14:00
Now, it's the caseслучај, so manyмноги people say,
276
828596
2091
Sad, dšava se da mnogi ljudi kažu:
14:02
"Well, how are you going
to get them there?
277
830711
2008
"Pa, kako ćete da ih smestite tamo?
14:04
And AsianAzijski elephantsслонови,
they don't like snowснег, right?"
278
832743
2367
Azijski slonovi ne vole sneg, zar ne?"
14:07
Well, it turnsокреће се out, they do like snowснег.
279
835134
1884
Pa, ispostavlja se da vole sneg.
Neki iz zoološkog vrta u Ontariju
14:09
There's some in an OntarioOntario zoozoološki vrt
280
837042
1540
14:10
that have madeмаде snowballsgrudve
biggerвеће than people.
281
838606
2283
su pravili grudve snega veće od ljudi.
14:12
They just love -- you know, with a trunkтрунк,
you can startпочетак a little thing,
282
840913
3470
Prosto vole - znate, surlama,
počnete s malom loptom,
14:16
rollролл it and make it biggerвеће.
283
844407
1642
kotrljate je i povećate.
14:18
And then people say,
284
846749
1275
A onda ljudi kažu:
14:20
"Yeah, but it's 22 monthsмесеци of gestationтрудноћа.
285
848048
3470
"Da, ali radi se o 22 meseca trudnoće.
14:25
This kindкинд of cross-speciesKros-vrste cloningKloniranje
is trickyварљив businessбизнис, anywayУ сваком случају.
286
853733
4541
Ovaj vid kloniranja ukrštenh vrsta
je zeznut posao, u svakom slučaju.
14:30
Are you going to loseизгубити some of
the surrogatesurogat AsianAzijski elephantслон mothersмајке?"
287
858298
3265
Hoćete li da izgubite neke
od azijskih slonica surogat majki?"
14:33
And then GeorgeGeorge ChurchCrkva
saysкаже, "That's all right.
288
861587
2203
A onda Džordž Čurč kaže: "Sve je u redu.
14:35
We'llCemo do an artificialвештачки uterusmaterica
and growрасту them that way."
289
863814
2568
Napravićemo veštačku matericu
i tako ih uzgajati."
14:38
Then people say, "Yeah,
nextследећи centuryвек, maybe,"
290
866406
2270
A onda ljudi kažu: "Da,
možda u sledećem veku",
samo što je prošle nedelje
objavljeno u "Nejčeru"
14:40
exceptосим the newsвести cameДошао out
this weekНедеља in NaturePriroda
291
868700
2254
14:42
that there's now an artificialвештачки uterusmaterica
in whichкоја they'veони су grownодрастао a lambjagnje
292
870978
4323
da trenutno imamo veštačku matericu
u kojoj su uzgojili jagnje
14:47
to fourчетири weeksнедељама.
293
875325
1437
do četvrte nedelje.
14:48
That's halfwayна пола пута throughкроз
its gestationтрудноћа periodраздобље.
294
876786
2724
To je pola perioda trudnoće.
14:52
So this stuffствари is movingкретање right alongзаједно.
295
880067
2272
Dakle, ovo napreduje nama na ruku.
14:54
CACA: But why should we
want a worldсвет where --
296
882363
2749
KA: Ali zašto bismo želeli svet u kome -
14:57
PictureSlika a worldсвет where there are
thousandsхиљаде of these things
297
885136
2719
zamislite svet u kome
na hiljade ovih stvorenja
14:59
thunderingMunjevite acrossпреко SiberiaSibir.
298
887879
1957
tutnja Sibirom.
15:01
Is that a better worldсвет?
299
889860
1274
Da li je to bolji svet?
15:03
SBSB: PotentiallyPotencijalno. It's --
300
891158
1801
SB: Potencijalno. To je -
15:04
(LaughterSmeh)
301
892983
1619
(Smeh)
15:06
There's threeтри groupsгрупе, basicallyу основи,
workingрад on the woollyVuli mammothmamuta seriouslyозбиљно:
302
894626
4995
Imamo tri grupe, u suštini,
koje ozbiljno rade na runastom mamutu:
15:11
ReviveOživi &ampamp; RestoreVraćanje u prethodno stanje,
we're kindкинд of in the middleсредина;
303
899645
2286
Revive & Restore,
mi smo nekako u sredini;
15:13
GeorgeGeorge ChurchCrkva and the groupгрупа at HarvardHarvard
that are doing the geneticsгенетика in the labлаб;
304
901955
3691
Džordž Čurč i grupa na Harvardu
koji se bave genetikom u laboratoriji;
15:17
and then there's an amazingНевероватно
oldстари scientistнаучник namedназван ZimovZimov
305
905670
6157
i potom imamo sjajnog
starog naučnika po imenu Zimov
15:23
who worksИзвођење радова in northernсеверно SiberiaSibir,
306
911851
4240
koji radi u severnom Sibiru,
15:28
and his sonсин NikitaNikita,
who has boughtкупио into the systemсистем,
307
916115
3124
kao i njegovog sina Nikitu
koji su prihvatili sistem,
15:31
and they are, SergeySergej and NikitaNikita
ZimovZimov have been, for 25 yearsгодине,
308
919263
6310
a oni, Sergej i Nikita Zimov,
već 25 godina
stvaraju nešto što nazivaju
"Parkom iz doba Pleistocena",
15:37
creatingстварање what they call
"PleistocenePleistocena ParkPark,"
309
925597
2407
15:40
whichкоја is a placeместо in a really toughтоугх partдео
of SiberiaSibir that is pureчист tundraTundra.
310
928028
4885
a to je mesto u zaista nepristupačnom
delu Sibira, koje je čista tundra.
15:45
And the researchистраживање that's been doneГотово showsпоказује
311
933858
2368
A obavljena istraživanja su pokazala
15:48
that there's probablyвероватно one one-hundredth-prijatelji
of the animalsЖивотиње on the landscapeпејзаж there
312
936250
5329
da na tom pejzažu živi
jedna stotina životinja
15:53
that there used to be.
313
941603
1373
kojih je nekad bilo.
Kao na slici od ranije,
videli smo mnoštvo životinja.
15:55
Like that earlierраније imageслика,
we saw lots of animalsЖивотиње.
314
943000
2456
15:57
Now there's almostскоро noneниједан.
315
945480
1298
Sada ih skoro uopšte nema.
15:59
The tundraTundra is mostlyуглавном mossMos,
and then there's the borealBoreal forestшума.
316
947199
3549
Tundra se sastoji uglavnom od mahovine
i još je tu severna šuma.
16:02
And that's the way it is, folksљуди.
There's just a fewнеколико animalsЖивотиње there.
317
950772
3128
I tako stvari stoje, narode.
Ima svega nekolko životinja tu.
16:05
So they broughtдоведен in
a lot of grazingispaљe animalsЖивотиње:
318
953924
2146
Pa su doveli mnogo životinja koje pasu:
16:08
muskмошус oxvo, YakutianYakutia horsesкоњи,
they're bringingдоносећи in some bisonbizon,
319
956094
3105
muflona, jakutskog konja,
dovode nešto bizona,
16:11
they're bringingдоносећи in some more now,
320
959223
1788
trenutno ih dovode još više
16:13
and put them in at the densityгустина
that they used to be.
321
961035
3176
i vraćaju ih u razmeri
u kojoj ih je nekad bilo.
16:16
And grasslandsтравњаци are madeмаде by grazersbiljojede.
322
964235
2992
A pašnjake stvaraju životinje koje pasu.
16:19
So these animalsЖивотиње are there, grazingispaљe away,
323
967251
3591
Pa ove životinje tu pasu
16:22
and they're doing a coupleпар of things.
324
970866
1856
i rade nekoliko stvari.
16:24
First of all, they're turningокретање the tundraTundra,
the mossMos, back into grasslandpašnjaci.
325
972746
3672
Pre svega, pretvaraju tundru,
mahovinu, nazad u pašnjak.
16:28
GrasslandPašnjaci fixesпоправке carbonугљеник.
326
976442
1821
Pašnjaci pospremaju ugljenik.
16:30
TundraTundra, in a warmingзагревање worldсвет, is thawingthawing
and releasingoslobađanje a lot of carbonугљеник dioxideдиоксид
327
978287
4810
Tundra, u svetu koji se zagrejava,
kopni i oslobađa mnogo ugljen-dioksida
16:35
and alsoтакође methaneметана.
328
983121
1699
kao i metana.
16:36
So alreadyвећ in theirњихова little
25 squareквадрат milesмиља,
329
984844
2897
Pa oni već u svojih
skromnih 65 kilometara kvadratnh
16:39
they're doing a climateклима
stabilizationstabilizaciju thing.
330
987765
2290
postižu stabilizaciju klime.
16:42
PartDeo of that storyприча, thoughипак,
331
990596
2012
Deo te priče, pak,
16:44
is that the borealBoreal forestшума is
very absorbentupija to sunlightсунчева светлост,
332
992632
4869
je da severna šuma
dobro apsorbuje sunčevu svetlost,
16:49
even in the winterзима
when snowснег is on the groundземља.
333
997525
2595
čak i zimi kad je sneg na tlu.
16:52
And the way the mammothmamuta steppestepa,
334
1000144
1656
A način na koji mamutska stepa,
16:53
whichкоја used to wrapзавити all the way
around the NorthSever PolePol --
335
1001824
2623
koja je nekad opasavala
čitav Severni pol -
16:56
there's a lot of landmassландмасс
around the NorthSever PolePol --
336
1004471
2388
ima mnogo zemljišne mase
oko Severnog pola -
16:58
that was all this grasslandpašnjaci.
337
1006883
2751
sve su to bili pašnjaci.
17:01
And the steppestepa was magnificentвеличанствено,
338
1009658
2621
A stepa je bila veličanstvena,
17:04
probablyвероватно one of the mostнајвише productiveпродуктиван
biomesbiomes in the worldсвет,
339
1012303
4306
verovatno jedan od najproduktivnijih
bioma na svetu,
17:08
the biggestнајвеће biomebiome in the worldсвет.
340
1016633
1658
najveći biom na svetu.
17:11
The forestшума partдео of it, right now,
SergeySergej ZimovZimov and NikitaNikita
341
1019052
4158
Trenutno, deo pod šumom,
Sergej Zimov i Nikita
17:15
go out with this oldстари militaryвојска tankрезервоар
they got for nothing,
342
1023234
3242
izlaze sa ovim starim vojnim tenkom
koji su dobili za džabe,
17:18
and they knockKucaj down the treesдрвеће.
343
1026500
1748
i obaraju drveće.
17:20
And that's a boredosadan, and it's tiresomezamorna,
344
1028272
3002
A to je dosadno i iscrpljujuće,
17:23
and as SergeySergej saysкаже,
"... and they make no dungгној!"
345
1031298
2823
i kao što Sergej kaže:
"... tenkovi ne prave izmet!"
17:26
whichкоја, by the way, these bigвелики
animalsЖивотиње do, includingукључујући mammothsmamuti.
346
1034145
3709
a to, usput, rade ove velike životinje,
uključujući i mamute.
Pa mamuti zbog toga postaju
nešto što biolozi očuvanja nazivaju
17:29
So mammothsmamuti becomeпостати
what conservationконзервација biologistsбиолози call
347
1037878
2922
17:32
an umbrellaкишобран speciesврсте.
348
1040824
1463
temeljnom vrstom.
17:34
It's an excitingузбудљиво animalживотиња --
pandaspande in ChinaKina or whereverгде год --
349
1042311
3662
To je uzbudljiva životinja -
pande u Kini ili bilo gde -
17:37
that the excitementузбуђење that goesиде on
of makingстварање life good for that animalживотиња
350
1045997
4327
da je uzbuđenje oko obezebeđivanja
kvalitetnog života za tu životinju
17:42
is makingстварање a habitatстаниште, an ecosystemекосистем,
351
1050348
2212
uzrokuje stanište, ekosistem,
17:44
whichкоја is good for a wholeцела lot
of creaturesстворења and plantsбиљке,
352
1052584
2821
koji je dobar za čitavu hrpu
stvorenja i biljaka,
17:47
and it ideallyидеално getsдобива to the pointтачка
of beingбиће self-managingSamo-upravljanje,
353
1055429
3294
i u idealnom slučaju stiže se do tačke
gde je on samoodržavajući,
17:50
where the conservationконзервација biologistsбиолози
can back off and say,
354
1058747
2587
gde biolozi očuvanja mogu
da odstupe i kažu:
"Sve što je potrebno je da držimo
podalje destruktivne invazivne vrste
17:53
"All we have to do is keep out
the destructivedestruktivni invasivesinvasives,
355
1061358
2975
17:56
and this thing can just cookкувати."
356
1064357
1640
i ovo prosto može da se krčka."
17:58
CACA: So there's manyмноги other speciesврсте
that you're dreamingсања of de-extinctingde-extincting
357
1066585
3801
KA: Dakle, postoji još mnogo vrsta
koje sanjaš da vratiš u život
18:02
at some pointтачка,
358
1070410
1234
u nekoj tački,
18:03
but I think what I'd actuallyзаправо
like to moveпотез on to
359
1071668
3016
ali zapravo želim da pređemo
18:06
is this ideaидеја you talkedпричао about
how mammothsmamuti mightМожда help
360
1074708
3424
na ideju o kojoj si govorio
o tome kako mamuti mogu da pomognu
18:10
greenзелен SiberiaSibir in a senseсмисао,
361
1078156
2406
u ozelenjavanju Sibira na neki način
18:12
or at leastнајмање, I'm not talkingпричају about
tropicalтропски rainforestпрашума,
362
1080586
5909
ili bar, ne govorim
o tropskoj kišnoj šumi,
18:18
but this questionпитање of greeningzelenim the planetПланета
you've thought about a lot.
363
1086519
3881
ali pitanje ozelenjavanja planete
o kom si mnogo razmišljao.
18:22
And the traditionalтрадиционални storyприча is
364
1090424
2168
A tradicionalna priča glasi
18:24
that deforestationкрчење шума
is one of the mostнајвише awfulгрозно curseskletve
365
1092616
6258
da je uništavanje šuma najužasnija kletva
18:30
of modernмодеран timesпута,
366
1098898
1573
savremenog sveta
18:32
and that it's a hugeогромно contributordonator
to climateклима changeпромена.
367
1100495
3855
i da to daje ogroman doprinos
klimatskim promenama.
18:36
And then you wentотишао and sentпослат me
this graphграф here, or this mapМапа.
368
1104374
3482
A onda si mi ti poslao
ovaj grafikon ovde, ovu mapu.
18:39
What is this mapМапа?
369
1107880
1362
Šta je ova mapa?
18:41
SBSB: GlobalGlobalna greeningzelenim.
370
1109266
1408
SB: Globalno zelenilo.
18:43
The thing to do with any narrativeнаратив
that you get from headlinesNaslovi
371
1111284
4415
Kod svakog narativa
koji dobijate iz naslova
18:47
and from shortкратак newsвести storiesприче
372
1115723
1879
i kratkih vesti
18:49
is to look for what elseдруго is going on,
373
1117626
1973
radi se o tome da proverite
šta se još dešava
18:52
and look for what MarcMarc AndreessenAndreessen
callsпозиве "narrativeнаратив violationкршење."
374
1120327
4594
i da proverite ono što Mark Andrisen
naziva "kršenjem narativa".
18:57
So the narrativeнаратив -- and AlAl GoreGor
is masterмајстор of puttingстављање it out there --
375
1125416
5239
Dakle, narativ - a Al Gor
je majstor u njegovom kreiranju -
19:02
is that there's this
civilization-threateningopasno po civilizaciju
376
1130679
4087
glasi da imamo po civilizaciju opasne
19:06
climateклима changeпромена comingдолазе on very rapidlyбрзо.
377
1134790
2122
klimatkse promene koje stižu veoma brzo.
19:08
We have to ceasePrekinite all extraекстра productionпроизводња
of greenhouseстаклена башта gasesгасови, especiallyпосебно COCO2,
378
1136936
6062
Moramo prekinuti svu suvišnu proizvodnju
gasova staklene bašte, naročito CO2,
19:15
as soonускоро as possibleмогуће,
379
1143022
1156
što pre,
19:16
otherwiseиначе, we're in deepдубоко, deepдубоко troubleневоље.
380
1144202
2539
u suprotnom, u ozbiljnoj,
ozbiljnoj smo nevolji.
19:18
All of that is trueистина,
but it's not the wholeцела storyприча,
381
1146765
2418
Sve je to tačno, ali nije potpuna priča,
19:21
and the wholeцела storyприча is more interestingзанимљиво
than these fragmentaryfragmentarna storiesприче.
382
1149207
3556
a potpuna priča je daleko zanimljivija
od tih fragmentarnih priča.
19:25
PlantsBiljke love COCO2.
383
1153548
2299
Biljke vole CO2.
19:28
What plantsбиљке are madeмаде of is COCO2
plusплус waterвода viaпреко sunshineSunce.
384
1156330
3890
Biljke su sačinjene od CO2
plus voda putem sunčeve svetlosti.
19:32
And so in manyмноги greenhousesPlastenici,
industrializedиндустриализед greenhousesPlastenici,
385
1160985
4845
Pa u mnogim staklenicima,
industrijskim staklenicima,
19:37
they addдодати COCO2 because the plantsбиљке
turnред that into plantбиљка matterматерија.
386
1165854
3266
dodaju CO2 jer biljke
to pretvaraju i biljnu tvar.
19:41
So the studiesстудије have been doneГотово
with satellitesсателити and other things,
387
1169144
3030
Pa su urađena istraživanja
satelitima i drugim stvarima,
19:44
and what you're seeingвиди here is a graphграф of,
over the last 33 yearsгодине or so,
388
1172198
4072
a ovde vidite grafikon
iz protekle otprilike 33 godine,
19:48
there's 14 percentпроценат more
leafЛист actionпоступак going on.
389
1176294
6164
imamo 14 procenata više lišća.
19:54
There's that much more biomassбиомаса.
390
1182482
1604
Toliko više imamo biomase.
Toliko više imamo onoga što ekolozi
nazivaju "primarnom proizvodnjom."
19:56
There's that much more
what ecologistsekolozi call "primaryПримарна productionпроизводња."
391
1184110
3142
19:59
There's that much more life happeningдогађај,
392
1187276
1945
Toliko više se dešava života
20:01
thanksХвала to climateклима changeпромена,
393
1189245
1296
zbog klimatskih promena,
20:02
thanksХвала to all of our goddamProkleti coalугља plantsбиљке.
394
1190565
2852
zahvaljujući svim našim
prokletim fabrikama na ugalj.
20:05
So -- whoaвхоа, what's going on here?
395
1193441
2770
Dakle - opa, šta se dešava ovde?
20:08
By the way, cropусев productionпроизводња
goesиде up with this.
396
1196235
3615
Usput, s ovim skače proizvodnja useva.
20:11
This is a partialделимично counterбројач
397
1199874
4278
To je parcijalna suprotnost
20:16
to the increaseповећати of COCO2,
398
1204176
3260
povećanju CO2
20:19
because there's that much more plantбиљка
that is suckingsisanje it down
399
1207460
3361
jer ima utoliko više biljaka
koje ga usisavaju
20:22
into plantбиљка matterматерија.
400
1210845
1335
u biljnu tvar.
20:24
Some of that then decaysse raspada
and goesиде right back up,
401
1212204
2298
Nešto od toga potom trune
i vraća se nazad,
20:26
but some of it is going down into rootsкорени
402
1214526
1942
ali nešto od toga odlazi u korenje
20:28
and going into the soilземљиште and stayingостани there.
403
1216492
2046
i odlazi u tlo i ostaje tu.
20:30
So these counterбројач things are partдео
of what you need to bearмедвед in mindум,
404
1218562
3863
Dakle ove kontra stvari su deo
koji morate da imate na umu,
20:34
and the deeperдубље storyприча is
405
1222449
1717
a podrobnija priča glasi
20:36
that thinkingразмишљање about and dealingбављење with
and engineeringинжењеринг climateклима
406
1224190
4857
da razmišljanje i bavljenje
i klimatski inženjering
20:41
is a prettyприлично complexкомплекс processпроцес.
407
1229071
2217
su prilično složeni procesi.
20:43
It's like medicineмедицина.
408
1231857
1706
To je poput medicine.
20:45
You're always, again,
tweakingPomahnitao around with the systemсистем
409
1233587
3220
Uvek, opet, štimujete sistem
20:48
to see what makesчини an improvementпобољшање.
410
1236831
1976
da vidite šta uzrokuje napredak.
20:50
Then you do more of that,
see it's still gettingдобијања better,
411
1238831
2688
Onda se bavite više time,
vidite da i dalje napreduje,
potom - op! - to je dovoljno
udaljite se poluokretom.
20:53
then -- oopskok! -- that's enoughдовољно,
back off halfпола a turnред.
412
1241543
2457
20:56
CACA: But mightМожда some people say,
"Not all greenзелен is createdстворено equalједнак."
413
1244024
3008
KA: Ali neki ljudi će reći
"Nije sve zelenilo ravnopravno."
20:59
PossiblyNikako what we're doing is tradingтрговање off
the magnificencevelicanstvenosti of the rainforestпрашума
414
1247056
3533
Moguće da krčmimo
veličanstvene kišne šume
21:02
and all that diversityразноликост
415
1250613
1152
i svu tu raznovrsnost
21:03
for, I don't know, greenзелен pondЈезерце scumсцум
or grassтрава or something like that.
416
1251789
3200
za, pojma nemam, zelene jezerske alge
ili travu ili nešto slično.
SB: Baš u ovom istražvanju, ispostavilo
se da se svi oblici biljaka umnožavaju,
21:07
SBSB: In this particularпосебно studyстудија, it turnsокреће се out
everyсваки formобразац of plantбиљка is increasingповећање.
417
1255013
3648
Sad, zanimljivo je ono
što je izostavljeno u njemu
21:10
Now, what's interestinglyзанимљиво
left out of this studyстудија
418
1258685
2254
21:12
is what the hellпакао is going on
in the oceansокеана.
419
1260963
2026
a to je šta se, dovraga,
dešava u okeanima.
21:15
PrimaryPrimarni productionпроизводња in the oceansокеана,
420
1263013
1818
Glavna proizvodnja u okeanima,
21:16
the biotaBiota of the oceansокеана, mostlyуглавном microbialмикроби,
421
1264855
3132
biom okeana, uglavnom mikrobi,
21:20
what they're up to is probablyвероватно
the mostнајвише importantважно thing.
422
1268011
2684
šta se dešava s njima
je verovatno najvažnije od svega.
21:22
They're the onesоне
that createстворити the atmosphereатмосферу
423
1270719
2048
Oni su ti koji stvaraju atmosferu
21:24
that we're happilySretno breathingдисање,
424
1272791
1807
koju s uživanjem udišemo,
21:26
and they're not partдео of this studyстудија.
425
1274622
1821
a oni nisu deo ovog istraživanja.
21:29
This is one of the things
JamesJames LovelockLovelock has been insistingинсистирајући;
426
1277051
2906
To je nešto na čemu
je Džejms Lavlok insistirao;
21:31
basicallyу основи, our knowledgeзнање of the oceansокеана,
especiallyпосебно of oceanокеан life,
427
1279981
3431
u suštini, naše poznavanje okeana,
naročito okeanskog života
21:35
is fundamentallyфундаментално vaporisparavanje, in this senseсмисао.
428
1283436
2127
je suštinski maglovito, u ovom smislu.
21:37
So we're in the processпроцес of findingпроналажење out
429
1285587
2040
Pa smo u procesu otkrivanja
21:39
by inadvertentnenamerno badлоше geoengineeringgeoinћinjering
of too much COCO2 in the atmosphereатмосферу,
430
1287651
5239
kako nenamerno loš geoinženjering
prevelike količine CO2 u atmosferi,
21:44
findingпроналажење out, what is
the oceanокеан doing with that?
431
1292914
2331
otkrivamo šta okean radi s tim?
21:47
Well, the oceanокеан, with the extraекстра heatтоплота,
432
1295269
1898
Pa, okean, zbog dodatne toplote
21:49
is swellingotok up.
433
1297191
1301
otiče.
21:50
That's mostнајвише of where we're gettingдобијања
the seaморе levelниво riseпораст,
434
1298516
2538
Zbog toga najviše i imamo
porast nivoa mora,
21:53
and there's a lot more comingдолазе
with more globalглобално warmingзагревање.
435
1301078
2632
a još više nam toga sledi
s više globalnog zagrevanja.
21:55
We're gettingдобијања terribleстрашно harmштета
to some of the coralкорал reefsGrebeni,
436
1303734
4418
Nanosimo užasnu štetu
nekim koralnim grebenima,
22:00
like off of AustraliaAustralija.
437
1308176
1801
poput onih blizu Australije.
22:02
The great reefgreben there is just
a lot of bleachingizbeljivanje from overheatingpregrevanje.
438
1310509
4309
Veliki greben odatle prosto se previše
izbeljuje od pregrejavanja.
22:06
And this is why I and DannyDeni HillisHillis,
in our previousПретходна sessionседница on the mainглавни stageфаза,
439
1314842
6455
A zbog toga smo Deni Hilis i ja,
iz naše prethodne sesije na glavnoj sceni,
22:13
was sayingговорећи, "Look, geoengineeringgeoinћinjering
is worthвреди experimentingекспериментисање with enoughдовољно
440
1321321
4366
govorili: "Pazite, geoinženjering
je nešto s čim vredi eksperimentisati,
22:17
to see that it worksИзвођење радова,
441
1325711
1486
videti da li funkcioniše,
22:19
to see if we can buyкупити time
in the warmingзагревање aspectаспект of all of this,
442
1327221
4475
videti da li možemo da kupimo vreme
u zagrevajućem aspektu svega ovoga,
22:24
tweaktrzaj the systemсистем with smallмали
but usableupotrebljiv researchистраживање,
443
1332264
4767
štimujemo sistem malim,
ali upotrebljivim istraživanjem,
22:29
and then see if we should
do more than tweaktrzaj.
444
1337055
2312
a potom da vidimo
da li je potrebno više od štimovanja.
22:32
CACA: OK, so this is what
we're going to talk about
445
1340119
2393
KA: U redu, dakle,
o ovome ćemo da razgovaramo
22:34
for the last fewнеколико minutesминута here
446
1342536
1435
poslednjih nekoliko minuta
22:35
because it's suchтаква an importantважно discussionдискусија.
447
1343995
2046
jer je to veoma važna rasprava.
22:38
First of all, this bookкњига
was just publishedобјављен by YuvalYuval HarariHarari.
448
1346065
3745
Pre svega, ova knjiga
Juvala Hararija je upravo objavljena.
22:41
He's basicallyу основи sayingговорећи the nextследећи evolutionеволуција
of humansљуди is to becomeпостати as godsбогови.
449
1349834
4145
On u suštini kaže da je naredna evolucija
ljudi ona u kojoj postaju poput bogova.
22:46
I think he --
450
1354003
1151
Mislim da on -
22:47
SBSB: Now, you've talkedпричао to him.
And you've probablyвероватно finishedготов the bookкњига.
451
1355178
3312
SB: Sad, razgovarao si s njim.
I verovatno si pročitao knjigu.
22:50
I haven'tније finishedготов it yetјош увек.
452
1358514
1286
Ja nisam još uvek.
22:51
Where does he come out on --
453
1359824
1462
Kako on vidi -
22:53
CACA: I mean, it's a prettyприлично radicalрадикалан viewпоглед.
454
1361310
4162
KA: Mislim, radi se
o prilično radikalnom viđenju.
22:57
He thinksмисли that we will
completelyу потпуности remakeRemake ourselvesсами
455
1365496
3424
Smatra kako ćemo u potpunosti
da se preobrazimo
23:00
usingКористећи dataподаци, usingКористећи bioengineeringbioinženjering,
456
1368944
3475
upotrebom podataka, bioinženjeringa,
23:04
to becomeпостати completelyу потпуности newново creaturesстворења
457
1372443
2140
da ćemo da postanemo potpuno nova bića
23:06
that have, kindкинд of, superpowersSuper sile,
458
1374607
2026
koja imaju, neki vid, supermoći
23:08
and that there will be hugeогромно inequalityнеједнакост.
459
1376657
3232
i da ćemo da imamo ogromnu nejednakost.
23:11
But we're about to writeпиши a very radicalрадикалан,
brand-newпотпуно нов chapterпоглавље of historyисторија.
460
1379913
5273
Ali da smo na putu da ispišemo veoma
radikalno, skroz novo poglavlje istorije.
23:17
That's what he believesверује.
461
1385210
1572
On veruje u to.
SB: Je li nervozan zbog toga?
Zaboravio sam.
23:18
SBSB: Is he nervousнервозан about that? I forgetзаборави.
462
1386806
1943
23:20
CACA: He's nervousнервозан about it,
463
1388773
2441
KA: Nervozan je zbog toga,
23:23
but I think he alsoтакође
likesсвиђа provokingizazivanje people.
464
1391238
2892
ali mislim da takođe
voli da izaziva ljude.
23:26
SBSB: Are you nervousнервозан about that?
465
1394154
1985
SB: Da li si ti nervozan zbog toga?
23:28
CACA: I'm nervousнервозан about that.
466
1396163
1418
KA: Nervozan sam zbog toga.
23:29
But, you know, with so much at TEDTED,
I'm excitedузбуђени and nervousнервозан.
467
1397605
4065
Međutim, znaš, zbog toliko toga na TED-u,
ja sam i uzbuđen i nervozan.
23:33
And the optimistоптимиста in me
is tryingпокушавајући hardтешко to leanнагнути towardsка
468
1401694
3756
A optimista u meni
daje sve od sebe da naginje ka:
23:37
"This is awesomeсупер and really excitingузбудљиво,"
469
1405474
2088
"Ovo je fantastično i veoma uzbudljivo",
23:39
while the sortврста of responsibleодговоран
partдео of me is sayingговорећи,
470
1407586
2439
dok na neki način, odgovorni
deo mene govori:
23:42
"But, uh, maybe we should
be a little bitмало carefulпажљив
471
1410049
2339
"Ali, uh, možda bi trebalo
da budemo pažljiviji
oko toga kako mislimo o tome."
23:44
as to how we think of it."
472
1412412
1323
23:45
SBSB: That's your secretтајна sauceсос,
isn't it, for TEDTED?
473
1413759
2372
SB: To je vaš tajni sastojak,
zar ne, za TED?
23:48
StayingOstaje nervousнервозан and excitedузбуђени.
474
1416155
1576
Ostati nervozan i uzbuđen.
23:50
CACA: It's alsoтакође the recipeрецепт for beingбиће
a little bitмало schizophrenicшизофренија.
475
1418910
3188
KA: Takođe je i recept
za blago stanje šizofrenije.
23:54
But he didn't quoteкуоте you.
476
1422122
4685
Ali Harari te nije citirao.
23:58
What I thought was an astonishingЗапањујуће
statementизјава that you madeмаде
477
1426831
2740
Nešto što smatram tvojom
zapanjujućom izjavom
24:01
right back in the originalоригинал
WholeCela EarthZemlja CatalogKatalog,
478
1429595
4253
baš iz prvobitnog Whole Earth Catalog-a,
24:05
you endedзавршио it with this powerfulмоћан phraseфраза:
479
1433872
3200
zatvorio si ga ovom snažnom frazom:
24:09
"We are as godsбогови,
and mightМожда as well get good at it."
480
1437096
3441
"Mi smo poput bogova,
i bolje da postanemo dobri u tome."
24:12
And then more recentlyнедавно,
you've upgradednadograđena that statementизјава.
481
1440561
2672
A potom si nedavno nadogradio ovu izjavu.
24:15
I want you talk about this philosophyфилозофија.
482
1443257
1824
Želim da govoriš o ovoj filozofiji.
24:17
SBSB: Well, one of the things I'm learningучење
is that documentationдокументација
483
1445105
3615
SB: Pa, nešto što učim
je da je dokumentovanje
24:20
is better than memoryмеморија -- by farдалеко.
484
1448744
2992
bolje od pamćenja - daleko bolje.
24:23
And one of the things I've learnedнаучио
from somebodyнеко --
485
1451760
2965
A nešto što sam naučio od nekoga -
24:26
I actuallyзаправо got on TwitterTwitter-a.
486
1454749
2655
zapravo sa Tvitera.
24:29
It changedпромењено my life --
it hasn'tније forgivenoprošteno me yetјош увек!
487
1457428
3700
Promenilo mi je život -
neki mi još uvek nisu oprostili.
24:33
And I tookузела ownershipвласништво of this phraseфраза
when somebodyнеко quoteda prenosi it,
488
1461152
4002
I prisvojio sam tu frazu
kad ju je neko citirao,
24:37
and somebodyнеко elseдруго said,
489
1465178
1556
a neko drugi je rekao:
24:38
"Oh by the way, that isn't
what you originallyоригинално wroteнаписао
490
1466758
2463
"Ah, usupt, to nije nešto
što si prvobitno napisao
24:41
in that first 1968 WholeCela EarthZemlja CatalogKatalog.
491
1469245
2767
u prvom Whole Earth Catalog-u iz 1968.
24:44
You wroteнаписао, 'We' Moramo are as godsбогови
and mightМожда as well get used to it.'"
492
1472036
3068
Napisao si: 'Poput bogova smo,
i bolje da se naviknemo na to.'"
24:47
I'd forgottenзаборављен that entirelyу потпуности.
493
1475128
2261
Potpuno sam to zaboravio.
24:49
The storiesприче -- these goddamProkleti storiesприче --
the storiesприче we tell ourselvesсами
494
1477413
3363
Priče - proklete priče -
priče koje pričamo sebi
24:52
becomeпостати liesлажи over time.
495
1480800
1816
vremenom postaju laži.
24:55
So, documentationдокументација helpsпомаже cutрез throughкроз that.
496
1483076
2793
Pa dokumentovanje pomaže
da se to raščisti.
Zaista je prešlo u: "Kao bogovi smo
i bolje da postanemo dobri u tome",
24:57
It did moveпотез on to "We are as godsбогови
and mightМожда as well get good at it,"
497
1485893
3239
25:01
and that was the WholeCela EarthZemlja CatalogKatalog.
498
1489156
1885
a to je iz Whole Earth Catalog-a.
Do vremena kad sam radio na knjizi
naslovljenoj "Disciplina čitave Zemlje:
25:03
By the time I was doing a bookкњига
calledпозвани "WholeCela EarthZemlja DisciplineDisciplina:
499
1491065
3064
25:06
An EcopragmatistEcopragmatist ManifestoManifest,"
500
1494153
2366
Manifest ekopragmatiste",
i u svetlu klimatskih promena,
u suštini sam govorio da smo kao bogovi
25:08
and in lightсветло of climateклима changeпромена,
basicallyу основи sayingговорећи that we are as godsбогови
501
1496543
3192
i da moramo postati dobri u tome.
25:11
and have to get good at it.
502
1499759
1599
KA: Kao bogovi smo
i moramo postati dobri u tome.
25:13
CACA: We are as godsбогови
and have to get good at it.
503
1501382
2264
25:15
So talk about that, because
the psychologicalпсихолошки reactionреакција
504
1503670
3559
Dakle, pričaj o tome
jer je psihološka reakcija
25:19
from so manyмноги people as soonускоро
as you talk about geoengineeringgeoinћinjering
505
1507253
3154
mnogih čim progovoriš o geoinženjeringu
ta da je poslednje u šta veruju
to da bi ljudi trebalo da budu bogovi -
25:22
is that the last thing they believe
is that humansљуди should be godsбогови --
506
1510431
3261
25:25
some of them for religiousрелигиозно reasonsразлоге,
507
1513716
1884
neki iz religijskih razloga,
25:27
but mostнајвише just for humilityпонизност, одмереност reasonsразлоге,
508
1515624
2921
ali mnogi zbog skromnosti,
25:30
that the systemsсистема are too complexкомплекс,
509
1518569
1621
da su sistemi suviše složeni,
25:32
we should not be dabblingIzvolite, ser. that way.
510
1520214
2659
da ne bi trebalo da se petljamo oko toga.
25:35
SBSB: Well, this is the Greekgrčki
narrativeнаратив about hubrisoholost.
511
1523642
3939
SB: Pa, to je grčki narativ
u vezi sa hubrisom.
25:39
And onceједном you startпочетак gettingдобијања
really sure of yourselfсами,
512
1527605
3267
A čim postanete zaista samouvereni,
25:42
you windветер up sleepingспава with your motherмајка.
513
1530896
2657
završite u krevetu s majkom.
25:45
(LaughterSmeh)
514
1533577
2618
(Smeh)
25:48
CACA: I did not expectочекујте you would say that.
515
1536219
2001
KA: Nisam očekivao da ćeš to reći.
25:50
(LaughterSmeh)
516
1538244
1667
(Smeh)
25:53
SBSB: That's the OedipusEdip storyприча.
517
1541600
2588
SB: To je priča o Edipu.
25:56
HubrisOholost is a really importantважно
cautionaryupozorenja taleприча to always have at handруку.
518
1544212
5354
Hubris je zaista važna poučna priča
koju bi uvek trebalo imati pri ruci.
26:03
One of the guidelinesСмернице
I've keptчува for myselfЈа сам is:
519
1551734
3782
Jedna od smernica
koju čuvam za sebe glasi:
26:07
everyсваки day I askпитати myselfЈа сам how manyмноги things
I am deadмртав wrongпогрешно about.
520
1555540
4519
svaki dan pitam sebe u vezi koliko stvari
sam potpuno u krivu.
26:13
And I'm a scientistнаучник by trainingобука
521
1561393
3089
A ja sam obučeni naučnik,
26:16
and gettingдобијања to work
with scientistsнаучници these daysдана,
522
1564506
2319
a raditi s naučnicima ovih dana,
26:18
whichкоја is pureчист joyрадост.
523
1566849
1247
to je čisti užitak.
26:20
ScienceNauka is organizedорганизован skepticismскептицизам.
524
1568120
3072
Nauka je organizovani skepticizam.
26:24
So you're always insistingинсистирајући
525
1572042
3536
Dakle, uvek insistirate
26:27
that even when something
looksизглед prettyприлично good,
526
1575602
3399
da čak i kad nešto izgleda prilično dobro,
26:31
you maintainуспоставити a fullпуна setкомплет
of not only suspicionssumnje
527
1579850
3362
zadržavate čitav skup ne samo sumnji
26:35
about whetherда ли је it's as good as it looksизглед,
528
1583236
2095
o tome da li je to dobro koliko se čini,
26:37
but: What elseдруго is going on?
529
1585355
1597
već: šta se još dešava?
26:38
So this "What elseдруго is going?" on queryupit,
530
1586976
3322
Dakle, upit: "Šta se još dešava?"
26:42
I think, is how you get
away from fakeлажан newsвести.
531
1590322
4103
mislim da je način
da izbegnete lažne vesti.
26:46
It's not necessarilyнужно realправи newsвести,
532
1594449
2504
Ne radi se nužno o stvarnim vestima,
26:50
but it's welcomelywelcomely more complexкомплекс newsвести
533
1598274
4049
već se radi o poželjno složenijim vestima
26:54
that you're tryingпокушавајући to take on.
534
1602347
1537
koje pokušavate da usvojite.
26:55
CACA: But comingдолазе back to the applicationапликација
of this just for the environmentЖивотна средина:
535
1603908
3461
KA: No, vraćajući se na primenu
ovoga samo na okolinu:
26:59
it seemsИзгледа like the philosophyфилозофија of this
is that, whetherда ли је we like it or not,
536
1607393
3440
čini se da je filozofija ovoga
ta da, svidelo nam se ili ne,
27:02
we are alreadyвећ dominatingdominira u so manyмноги aspectsаспекти
of what happensсе дешава on planetsпланете,
537
1610857
3443
već dominiramo tolikim aspektima
toga šta se dešava na planeti,
27:06
and we're doing it unintentionallyi slučajno,
538
1614324
1692
a radimo to nenamerno,
27:08
so we really should startпочетак
doing it intentionallyНамерно.
539
1616040
4381
dakle, zaista bi trebalo
da počnemo da to radimo namerno.
27:12
What would it look like to startпочетак
gettingдобијања good at beingбиће a god?
540
1620445
3983
Kako bi izgledalo započeti
biti dobar kao bog?
27:16
How should we startпочетак doing that?
541
1624452
2020
Kako da započnemo s tim?
27:18
Are there small-scaleмала experimentsексперименте
or systemsсистема we can nudgeguranje and playигра with?
542
1626496
3896
Da li postoje eksperimenti manjih razmera
ili sistemi za poguravanje i igru?
27:22
How on earthземља do we think about it?
543
1630416
1959
Kako, zaboga, da razmišljamo o tome?
SB: Mentor koji me je da kažem oslobodio
27:24
SBSB: The mentorментор that sortврста of freedoslobodio me
544
1632399
1803
27:26
from totalукупно allegianceodanost
to BuckminsterBukminster FullerFuller
545
1634226
2280
od potpune lojalnosti Bakminsteru Fuleru
27:28
was GregoryGregori BatesonBateson.
546
1636530
1776
je bio Gregori Bejtson.
27:30
And GregoryGregori BatesonBateson was an epistemologistepistemologist
and anthropologistantropolog and biologistбиолог
547
1638857
6522
A Gregori Bejtson je bio epistemolog
i antropolog i biolog
27:37
and psychologistпсихолог and manyмноги other things,
548
1645403
1889
i psiholog i svašta nešto još,
27:39
and he lookedпогледао at how systemsсистема
basicallyу основи look at themselvesсами.
549
1647316
5099
a posmatrao je kako sistemi
u suštini posmatraju sebe.
27:44
And that is, I think, partдео of how
you want to always be looking at things.
550
1652439
5515
A to je, verujem, delimično
kako uvek želite da posmatrate stvari.
27:49
And what I like about DavidDavid Keith'sKitov
approachприступ to geoengineeringgeoinћinjering
551
1657978
3528
A kod Dejvid Kitovog pristupa
geoinženjeringu mi se sviđa
27:53
is you don't just haulхаул off and do it.
552
1661530
1885
to što se prosto ne zaputite i uradite to.
27:56
DavidDavid Keith'sKitov approachприступ --
553
1664093
1287
Pristup Dejvida Kita -
27:57
and this is what DannyDeni HillisHillis
was talkingпричају about earlierраније --
554
1665404
3097
a to je nešto o čemu je Deni Hilis
govorio ranije -
28:00
is that you do it really,
really incrementallyпостепено,
555
1668525
2445
je da to radite zaista, zaista postepeno,
28:02
you do some stuffствари to tweaktrzaj the systemсистем,
see how it respondsNe odgovori,
556
1670994
3869
radite nešto da štimujete sistem,
vidite kako reaguje,
28:06
that tellsкаже you something about the systemсистем.
557
1674887
2021
to vam saopšti nešto o sistemu.
28:08
That's respondingодговара to the factчињеница
that people say, quiteприлично rightlys pravom,
558
1676932
4413
To odgovara činjenici
da ljudi s pravom kažu:
28:13
"What are we talkingпричају about here?
559
1681369
1589
"O čemu govorimo ovde?
28:14
We don't understandРазумем
how the climateклима systemсистем worksИзвођење радова.
560
1682982
2377
Ne razumemo
kako klimatski sistem funkcioniše.
28:17
You can't engineerинжењер a systemсистем
you don't understandРазумем."
561
1685383
2671
Ne možete osmisliti sistem
koji ne razumete."
28:20
And DavidDavid saysкаже, "Well, that certainlyсигурно
appliesважи to the humanљудско bodyтело,
562
1688569
3183
A Dejvid kaže: "Pa, to se izvesno
odnosi na ljudsko telo,
28:23
and yetјош увек medicineмедицина goesиде aheadнапред,
and we're kindкинд of gladдраго ми је that it has."
563
1691776
3782
pa ipak medicina napreduje,
i nama je nekako drago da je tako."
28:27
The way you engineerинжењер a systemсистем
that is so largeвелики and complexкомплекс
564
1695582
4013
Način na koji osmišljavate sistem
koji je tako velik i složen
28:31
that you can't completelyу потпуности understandРазумем it
565
1699619
2020
a koji ne možete u potpunosti da razumete
28:33
is you tweaktrzaj it,
566
1701663
1194
je da ga štimujete,
28:34
and this is kindкинд of
an anti-hubristicanti-Vinapeg approachприступ.
567
1702881
2601
a to je nekako antihubristički pristup.
28:37
This is: try a little bitмало here,
568
1705506
1917
Radi se o: probaj malo ovde,
28:39
back the hellпакао off if it's an issueпитање,
569
1707447
2104
povuci se, dovraga, ako je problematično,
28:41
expandпроширити it if it seemsИзгледа to go OK,
570
1709575
1807
proširi ako se čini da je u redu,
u međuvremenu, nađi druge staze
da ideš napred.
28:43
meanwhileу међувремену, have other pathsстазе going forwardнапред.
571
1711406
2002
28:45
This is the wholeцела argumentрасправа for diversityразноликост
and dialogueдијалог and all these other things
572
1713432
4083
To je čitav argument za raznolikost
i dijalog i sve te druge stvari
28:49
and the things we were hearingслух
about earlierраније with SebastianSebastijan [ThrunThrun].
573
1717539
3235
i stvari o kojima smo ranije slušali
od Sebastijana Truna.
28:53
So the non-hubristicVinapeg approachприступ
is looking for socialсоцијално licenseлиценца,
574
1721393
6490
Dakle, nehubristički pristup
traga za društvenom dozvolom,
28:59
whichкоја is a terminologyтерминологија
that I think is a good one,
575
1727907
2541
a to je terminologija
koja je, mislim, dobra,
29:02
of includingукључујући societyдруштво enoughдовољно
576
1730472
2147
za uključivanje društva u dovoljnoj meri
29:04
in these interestingзанимљиво,
problematicпроблематично, deepдубоко issuesпитања
577
1732643
4001
u ova zanimljiva,
problematična, duboka pitanja
29:08
that they get to have a prettyприлично good ideaидеја
578
1736668
3820
da oni mogu da imaju veoma dobru zamisao
29:12
and have people that they trustповерење
payingплаћање closeБлизу attentionпажњу
579
1740512
2791
i da imaju ljude kojima veruju
da obrate strogu pažnju
29:15
to the sequenceниз of experimentsексперименте
as it's going forwardнапред,
580
1743327
3824
na delove eksperimenata
kako budu napredovali,
29:19
the publicјавно dialogueдијалог
as it's going forwardнапред --
581
1747175
3019
javni dijalog
kako stvari budu napredovale -
29:22
whichкоја is more publicјавно than ever,
whichкоја is fantasticфантастичан --
582
1750218
3095
koji je vše javan nego ikad pre,
a to je sjajno -
29:25
and you feel your way,
583
1753337
2425
i da opipate put,
29:28
you just oozeоозе your way alongзаједно,
584
1756653
1683
prosto oblikujete put usput,
29:30
and this is the muddle-throughkroz zbrka approachприступ
that has workedрадио је prettyприлично well so farдалеко.
585
1758360
4610
a to je pristup probijanja kroz nered
koji je do sad veoma dobro funkcionisao.
29:34
The reasonразлог that SebastianSebastijan
and I are optimisticоптимистичан is we readчитати
586
1762994
3609
Razlog zašto smo Sebastijan
i ja optimistični je zato što smo čitali
29:38
people like StevenSteven PinkerPinkera,
"The Better AngelsAnđeli of Our NaturePriroda,"
587
1766627
3473
ljude poput Stivena Pinkera:
"Bolji anđeli naše prirode",
29:42
and so farдалеко, so good.
588
1770124
2541
i zasad je sve u redu.
29:45
Now, that can always changeпромена,
589
1773078
3101
Sad, to uvek može da se promeni,
29:48
but you can buildизградити a lot on that senseсмисао
of: things are capableспособан of gettingдобијања better,
590
1776203
5615
ali možete mnogo da izgradite na tom
osećaju: stvari mogu da se poprave,
29:54
figureфигура out the toolsалати that madeмаде
that happenдесити се and applyприменити those furtherдаље.
591
1782587
3201
pronađite oruđa koja su to postigla
i proširite im primenu.
29:57
That's the storyприча.
592
1785812
1639
To je priča.
KA: Stjuarte, mislim da ćemo
u tom optimističnom tonu
29:59
CACA: StewartStewart, I think
on that optimisticоптимистичан noteБелешка,
593
1787475
2305
30:01
we're actuallyзаправо going to wrapзавити up.
594
1789804
1662
zapravo da završimo.
30:03
I am in awestrahopoštovanjem of how you always
are willingспремни to challengeизазов yourselfсами
595
1791490
5117
Zadivljen sam tvojom spremnošću
da uvek izazivaš sebe
30:08
and other people.
596
1796631
1355
i druge ljude.
30:10
I feel like this recipeрецепт for never
allowingдозвољавајући yourselfсами to be too certainизвестан
597
1798010
5781
Osećam da je taj recept da nikad
ne dopustimo sebi da budemo suviše sigurni
30:15
is so powerfulмоћан.
598
1803815
1403
toliko moćan.
30:17
I want to learnучи it more for myselfЈа сам,
599
1805242
1931
Želim i sam bolje da ga savladam,
30:19
and it's been very insightfulpronicljiva
and inspiringинспиришући, actuallyзаправо,
600
1807197
4077
i bilo je veoma poučno
i inspirativno, zapravo,
30:23
listeningслушање to you todayданас.
601
1811298
1181
slušati te danas.
30:24
StewartStewart BrandBrend, thank you so much.
602
1812503
1601
Stjuart Brend, mnogo ti hvala.
30:26
SBSB: Thank you.
603
1814128
1158
SB: Hvala vama.
30:27
(ApplauseAplauz)
604
1815310
3119
(Aplauz)
Translated by Milenka Okuka
Reviewed by Mile Živković

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ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Stewart Brand - Environmentalist, futurist
Since the counterculture '60s, Stewart Brand has been creating our internet-worked world. Now, with biotech accelerating four times faster than digital technology, Stewart Brand has a bold new plan ...

Why you should listen

With biotech accelerating four times faster than digital technology, the revival of extinct species is becoming possible. Stewart Brand plans to not only bring species back but restore them to the wild.

Brand is already a legend in the tech industry for things he’s created: the Whole Earth Catalog, The WELL, the Global Business Network, the Long Now Foundation, and the notion that “information wants to be free.” Now Brand, a lifelong environmentalist, wants to re-create -- or “de-extinct” -- a few animals that’ve disappeared from the planet.

Granted, resurrecting the woolly mammoth using ancient DNA may sound like mad science. But Brand’s Revive and Restore project has an entirely rational goal: to learn what causes extinctions so we can protect currently endangered species, preserve genetic and biological diversity, repair depleted ecosystems, and essentially “undo harm that humans have caused in the past.”

More profile about the speaker
Stewart Brand | Speaker | TED.com
Chris Anderson - TED Curator
After a long career in journalism and publishing, Chris Anderson became the curator of the TED Conference in 2002 and has developed it as a platform for identifying and disseminating ideas worth spreading.

Why you should listen

Chris Anderson is the Curator of TED, a nonprofit devoted to sharing valuable ideas, primarily through the medium of 'TED Talks' -- short talks that are offered free online to a global audience.

Chris was born in a remote village in Pakistan in 1957. He spent his early years in India, Pakistan and Afghanistan, where his parents worked as medical missionaries, and he attended an American school in the Himalayas for his early education. After boarding school in Bath, England, he went on to Oxford University, graduating in 1978 with a degree in philosophy, politics and economics.

Chris then trained as a journalist, working in newspapers and radio, including two years producing a world news service in the Seychelles Islands.

Back in the UK in 1984, Chris was captivated by the personal computer revolution and became an editor at one of the UK's early computer magazines. A year later he founded Future Publishing with a $25,000 bank loan. The new company initially focused on specialist computer publications but eventually expanded into other areas such as cycling, music, video games, technology and design, doubling in size every year for seven years. In 1994, Chris moved to the United States where he built Imagine Media, publisher of Business 2.0 magazine and creator of the popular video game users website IGN. Chris eventually merged Imagine and Future, taking the combined entity public in London in 1999, under the Future name. At its peak, it published 150 magazines and websites and employed 2,000 people.

This success allowed Chris to create a private nonprofit organization, the Sapling Foundation, with the hope of finding new ways to tackle tough global issues through media, technology, entrepreneurship and, most of all, ideas. In 2001, the foundation acquired the TED Conference, then an annual meeting of luminaries in the fields of Technology, Entertainment and Design held in Monterey, California, and Chris left Future to work full time on TED.

He expanded the conference's remit to cover all topics, including science, business and key global issues, while adding a Fellows program, which now has some 300 alumni, and the TED Prize, which grants its recipients "one wish to change the world." The TED stage has become a place for thinkers and doers from all fields to share their ideas and their work, capturing imaginations, sparking conversation and encouraging discovery along the way.

In 2006, TED experimented with posting some of its talks on the Internet. Their viral success encouraged Chris to begin positioning the organization as a global media initiative devoted to 'ideas worth spreading,' part of a new era of information dissemination using the power of online video. In June 2015, the organization posted its 2,000th talk online. The talks are free to view, and they have been translated into more than 100 languages with the help of volunteers from around the world. Viewership has grown to approximately one billion views per year.

Continuing a strategy of 'radical openness,' in 2009 Chris introduced the TEDx initiative, allowing free licenses to local organizers who wished to organize their own TED-like events. More than 8,000 such events have been held, generating an archive of 60,000 TEDx talks. And three years later, the TED-Ed program was launched, offering free educational videos and tools to students and teachers.

More profile about the speaker
Chris Anderson | Speaker | TED.com

Data provided by TED.

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