TEDGlobal 2011
Ian Ritchie: The day I turned down Tim Berners-Lee
Ian Ritchie: Tim Berners-Leeni sindirgan kunim
Filmed:
Readability: 4.7
644,332 views
Tasavvur qiling, 1990-yilning ohirini va siz hozirgina o`zining o`ylangan Dunyo Keng To`ri (World Wide Web(www)) nomli tizimi haqida sizga gapirishni boshlagan yosh Tim Berners-Leeni uchratdingiz. Ian Ritchie ham o`sha yerda edi. Va... u bu tizimga qiziqish bildirmadi. Ma'lumot, bog`lanish va hatolardan o`rnak olish haqida qisqacha hikoya.
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
Well we all know the World Wide Web
0
0
2000
Biz hamamiz bilamizki Internet
00:17
has absolutely transformed publishing, broadcasting,
1
2000
4000
nashr, teleko`rsatuv,
00:21
commerce and social connectivity,
2
6000
2000
savdo va ijtimoiy aloqani kuchli darajada o`zgartirdi,
00:23
but where did it all come from?
3
8000
2000
lekin bularning hamasi qayerdan kelgan?
00:25
And I'll quote three people:
4
10000
2000
Men sizga uchta insonni ta'kidlayman:
00:27
Vannevar Bush, Doug Engelbart and Tim Berners-Lee.
5
12000
3000
Vannevar Bush, Doug Engelbart va Tim Berners-Lee.
00:30
So let's just run through these guys.
6
15000
2000
Keling endi mana shu insonlar haqida ozgina gaplashsak.
00:32
This is Vannevar Bush.
7
17000
2000
Mana bu Vanner Bush.
00:34
Vannevar Bush was the U.S. government's chief scientific adviser during the war.
8
19000
3000
Urush paytida u AQSH hukumatining ilmiy maslahatchisi bo`lgan.
00:37
And in 1945,
9
22000
2000
va 1945-yilda,
00:39
he published an article in a magazine called Atlantic Monthly.
10
24000
3000
u Oylik Atlantik(Atlantic Monthly) jurnalda o`z maqolasini chop ettirdi.
00:42
And the article was called "As We May Think."
11
27000
3000
Va maqola "Biz o`ylashimiz mumkindek" deb nomlandi.
00:45
And what Vannevar Bush was saying
12
30000
2000
Bizning ma'lumotni ishlatishimiz yo`li singanligi
00:47
was the way we use information is broken.
13
32000
3000
Vannevar Bush ta'kidlamoqchi bo`lgan narsa edi.
00:50
We don't work in terms of libraries
14
35000
3000
Biz kutubxona, katalog va shunga o`xshash
00:53
and catalog systems and so forth.
15
38000
2000
sistemalar bo`yicha ishlamaymiz.
00:55
The brain works by association.
16
40000
2000
Inson miyyasi o`zaro bog`liqlik holda ishlaydi.
00:57
With one item in its thought, it snaps instantly to the next item.
17
42000
3000
O`z ichida fikr bir narsadan ikkinchi narsaga har doim tez sur'atda o`tib turadi.
01:00
And the way information is structured
18
45000
2000
va ma'lumotlar tizimining
01:02
is totally incapable of keeping up with this process.
19
47000
3000
bunday holatda ishlashga imkoni yo`q.
01:05
And so he suggested a machine,
20
50000
2000
Va shunday qilib u bir texnikani taklif qildi
01:07
and he called it the memex.
21
52000
2000
va uni "memeks"(memex) deb nomladi.
01:09
And the memex would link information,
22
54000
2000
Va memeks ma'lumotlarni
01:11
one piece of information to a related piece of information and so forth.
23
56000
3000
birinchisadan ikkinchisiga bog`laydigan bo`ldi.
01:14
Now this was in 1945.
24
59000
2000
Bu 1945-yilda edi.
01:16
A computer in those days
25
61000
2000
Komputer o`sha kunlarda
01:18
was something the secret services used to use for code breaking.
26
63000
3000
shifrlarni buzish uchun mahfiy hizmat uchun ishlatilgan edi.
01:21
And nobody knew anything about it.
27
66000
2000
Va u haqida hech kim bilmagan edi.
01:23
So this was before the computer was invented.
28
68000
2000
Demak, bu narsa komputerlar yaratilishidan oldin bo`lgan!
01:25
And he proposed this machine called the memex.
29
70000
2000
Va u bu texnikani memeks deb nomlashga axd qildi.
01:27
And he had a platform where you linked information to other information,
30
72000
3000
Uning bir informatsiyani ikkinchisiga ulovchi platformasi bo`lgan,
01:30
and then you could call it up at will.
31
75000
2000
va hohlaganizni tanlab ko`rish imkoni bo`lgan.
01:32
So spinning forward,
32
77000
2000
Davom etsak...
01:34
one of the guys who read this article was a guy called Doug Engelbart,
33
79000
2000
bu narsadan habar topganlar ichida AQSH Havo kuchlari ofitseri
01:36
and he was a U.S. Air Force officer.
34
81000
2000
Doug Engelbart ham bor edi.
01:38
And he was reading it in their library in the Far East.
35
83000
3000
U bu habarni uzoq sharqning kutubxonalaridan birida o`qib
01:41
And he was so inspired by this article,
36
86000
2000
judayam ta'sirlandi
01:43
it kind of directed the rest of his life.
37
88000
2000
va bu uning qolgan hayotga yo`l ochdi.
01:45
And by the mid-60s, he was able to put this into action
38
90000
3000
U 60-yillarning o`rtasida, Kaliforniyada, Stanford izlanish labaratoriyasida
01:48
when he worked at the Stanford Research Lab in California.
39
93000
3000
bir narsaga erishishga muvaffaq bo`ldi.
01:52
He built a system.
40
97000
2000
U bir tizim barpo etdi.
01:54
The system was designed to augment human intelligence, it was called.
41
99000
3000
Tizim inson aqlini kuchaytirish uchun barpo qilingandi.
01:57
And in a premonition of today's world
42
102000
3000
Hozirgi zamon komputer birlashuvi
02:00
of cloud computing and softwares of service,
43
105000
2000
va programmaviy ta'minot hizmatiga ko`ra,
02:02
his system was called NLS
44
107000
2000
bu tizimi doimgi aloqa tizimi,
02:04
for oN-Line System.
45
109000
2000
NLS (NLS - oN-Line System) deb nomlandi.
02:06
And this is Doug Engelbart.
46
111000
2000
Va bu Doug Engelbart.
02:08
He was giving a presentation at the Fall Joint Computer Conference
47
113000
3000
U Kuzgi Birlashgan Komputer Konferensiyasida
02:11
in 1968.
48
116000
3000
1968-yilda so`zga chiqqan edi.
02:14
What he showed --
49
119000
2000
U nimani namoyish qildi -
02:16
he sat on a stage like this, and he demonstrated this system.
50
121000
3000
u sahnada shunday o`tirdi va shu tizimni tasvirlab berdi.
02:19
He had his head mic like I've got.
51
124000
2000
Unda huddi menikiga o`xshagan bosh mikrafoni bor edi.
02:21
And he works this system.
52
126000
2000
va u bu tizimni ishlatadi.
02:23
And you can see, he's working between documents
53
128000
2000
Ko`rib turganingizdek, u hujjatlar, grafiklar va
02:25
and graphics and so forth.
54
130000
2000
shunga o`xshash narsalar bilan ishlayapti.
02:27
And he's driving it all
55
132000
2000
Va u bularning hamasini mana bu yerdagi
02:29
with this platform here,
56
134000
2000
o`zi ixtiro qilgan platforma,
02:31
with a five-finger keyboard
57
136000
2000
besh-barmoqli klaviatura va
02:33
and the world's first computer mouse,
58
138000
2000
dunyoning birinchi komputer sichqonchasi
02:35
which he specially designed in order to do this system.
59
140000
2000
orqali boshqarmoqda.
02:37
So this is where the mouse came from as well.
60
142000
2000
Shunday qilib komputer sichqonchasi yaratildi.
02:39
So this is Doug Engelbart.
61
144000
2000
Bu - Doug Engelbart.
02:41
The trouble with Doug Engelbart's system
62
146000
2000
Doug Engelbart sistemasining muammosi
02:43
was that the computers in those days cost several million pounds.
63
148000
3000
o`sha kunlarda komputerning bir necha million funt turganligi bo`ldi.
02:46
So for a personal computer,
64
151000
2000
Shunday qilib shaxsiy komputer uchun bir necha million
02:48
a few million pounds was like having a personal jet plane;
65
153000
2000
funt huddi shaxsiy samolyotga ega bo`lish edi;
02:50
it wasn't really very practical.
66
155000
2000
bu unchali darajada qulay bo`lmadi.
02:52
But spin on to the 80s
67
157000
2000
Endi 80-yillarga boraylik,
02:54
when personal computers did arrive,
68
159000
2000
komputerlar ishga tushgan va
02:56
then there was room for this kind of system on personal computers.
69
161000
2000
keyin shaxsiy koputerlarning tizimi shu honaga o`xshash bo`lgan yillar.
02:58
And my company, OWL
70
163000
2000
Va mening kompaniyam, OWL
03:00
built a system called Guide for the Apple Macintosh.
71
165000
3000
Apple Macintosh uchun qo`llanma nomli tizim tuzdi.
03:03
And we delivered the world's first hypertext system.
72
168000
4000
Va biz dunyoning birinchi giper matni (hypertext) tizimini keltirdik.
03:07
And this began to get a head of steam.
73
172000
2000
Va bu rivojlanishni boshladi.
03:09
Apple introduced a thing called HyperCard,
74
174000
2000
Apple GiperKarta (HyperCard) degan narsani yaratdi va
03:11
and they made a bit of a fuss about it.
75
176000
2000
bu narsani ular shov-shuvga aylantirib yuborishdi.
03:13
They had a 12-page supplement in the Wall Street Journal the day it launched.
76
178000
3000
Bu narsa chiqarilgan kuni Wall Street Jurnalida 12 bet bo`sh joy bor edi va
03:16
The magazines started to cover it.
77
181000
2000
jurnal bu yangilikni o`z ichiga qamrashni boshladi.
03:18
Byte magazine and Communications at the ACM
78
183000
2000
Byte jurnali va ACMning Aloqalarida
03:20
had special issues covering hypertext.
79
185000
2000
giper text alohida ta'kidlandi.
03:22
We developed a PC version of this product
80
187000
2000
Biz bu mahsulotning shaxsiy komputer
03:24
as well as the Macintosh version.
81
189000
2000
shu bilan birga Macintosh variantlarini rivojlantirdik.
03:26
And our PC version became quite mature.
82
191000
3000
Va biz chiqargan shaxsiy komputer varianti ancha muvaffaqiyatli bo`ldi.
03:29
These are some examples of this system in action in the late 80s.
83
194000
3000
Bular esa sistemaning 80-yillar ohiridagi ba'zi namunalaridir.
03:33
You were able to deliver documents, were able to do it over networks.
84
198000
3000
Hujjatlarni yetkazish va ularni komputer tizimi orqali amalga oshirish imkoni bo`ldi.
03:36
We developed a system such
85
201000
2000
Biz shunday tizimni yaratdikki
03:38
that it had a markup language based on html.
86
203000
2000
unda html ga asoslangan yozuvlar to`plami bolgan edi.
03:40
We called it hml: hypertext markup language.
87
205000
3000
Biz uni hml: giper matn yozuvlar tili (hypertext markup language) deb nomladik.
03:43
And the system was capable of doing
88
208000
2000
va bu sistema judayam katta hujjatlarni komputer
03:45
very, very large documentation systems over computer networks.
89
210000
4000
tizimi orqali yaratish qobiliyatiga ega edi.
03:49
So I took this system to a trade show in Versailles near Paris
90
214000
3000
Shunday qilib 1990-yil Noyabrning ohirida men bu tizimni
03:52
in late November 1990.
91
217000
3000
Parij yaqinidagi Versailez shaxriga ko`rsatma uchun olib bordim.
03:55
And I was approached by a nice young man called Tim Berners-Lee
92
220000
2000
Va u yerda yonimga Tim Berners-Lee ismli yosh yigit yaqinlashdi.
03:57
who said, "Are you Ian Ritchie?" and I said, "Yeah."
93
222000
2000
"Siz Ian Ritchiemisiz?"-so`radi u, "ha"-deb javob berdim.
03:59
And he said, "I need to talk to you."
94
224000
2000
Va u - "men siz bilan gaplashishim kerak".
04:01
And he told me about his proposed system called the World Wide Web.
95
226000
3000
U menga o`zining o`ylangan Dunyo Keng To`ri (World Wide Web(www)) nomli tizimi haqida gapirdi
04:04
And I thought, well, that's got a pretentious name,
96
229000
3000
va men o`yladim, ho`sh, bu ajoyib fikr,
04:07
especially since the whole system ran on his computer in his office.
97
232000
3000
ayniqsa butun bir tizim uning ofisidagi komputeridan boshqarilsa.
04:10
But he was completely convinced that his World Wide Web
98
235000
3000
Lekin u o`zining o`ylagan tizimi butun dunyoni
04:13
would take over the world one day.
99
238000
2000
bir kun kelib egallashiga ishongan edi.
04:15
And he tried to persuade me to write the browser for it,
100
240000
2000
Va u meni buning uchun dastur tuzib berishimi so`radi
04:17
because his system didn't have any graphics or fonts or layout or anything;
101
242000
3000
chunki uning tizimida hech qanday grafik, yoki yozuv tartibi yo`q edi.
04:20
it was just plain text.
102
245000
2000
bu oddiygina bir matn edi.
04:22
I thought, well, you know, interesting,
103
247000
3000
Men o`yladim, ho`sh, bilasizmi nima, bu judayam qiziqarli,
04:25
but a guy from CERN, he's not going to do this.
104
250000
2000
lekin CERNdan bo`lgan odamni bunga umuman aloqasi yo`q...
04:27
So we didn't do it.
105
252000
2000
Shunday qilib biz buni amalga oshirmadik.
04:29
In the next couple of years,
106
254000
2000
Keyingi 2,3 yil ichida
04:31
the hypertext community didn't recognize him either.
107
256000
2000
giper matn jamoati ham unga e'tibor bermadi.
04:33
In 1992, his paper was rejected for the Hypertext Conference.
108
258000
3000
Uning maqolasi 1992-yilda Giper matn Konferensiyasi tomonidan rad qilindi.
04:36
In 1993,
109
261000
3000
1993-yilda esa,
04:39
there was a table at the conference in Seattle,
110
264000
2000
Seattledagi konferensiya stoli ustida,
04:41
and a guy called Marc Andreessen
111
266000
2000
Marc Andreessen nomli yigit o`zining
04:43
was demonstrating his little browser for the World Wide Web.
112
268000
3000
kichkinagina Dunyo Keng To`ri (World Wide Web(www)) dasturini namoyish etayotgan edi.
04:46
And I saw it, and I thought, yep, that's it.
113
271000
2000
Men buni ko`rdim va o`yladim, "tamom".
04:48
And the very next year, in 1994, we had the conference here in Edinburgh,
114
273000
3000
Bir yil o`tgach, 1994-yilda, Edinburgda konferensiya bo`ldi
04:51
and I had no opposition in having Tim Berners-Lee as the keynote speaker.
115
276000
4000
va menda Tim Berners-Leeni asosiy so`zlovchi qilishimda qarshiliklar bo`lmadi.
04:55
So that puts me in pretty illustrious company.
116
280000
2000
Shunday qilib bu meni yaqqol bir vaziyatga soldi.
04:57
There was a guy called Dick Rowe
117
282000
2000
Dick Rowe ismli yigit bo`lgan va u
04:59
who was at Decca Records and turned down The Beatles.
118
284000
2000
Decca Recordsda Beatles gruppasini muvaffaqiyatsizlikka uchratgan.
05:01
There was a guy called Gary Kildall
119
286000
2000
Gary Kildall ismli yigit bo`lgan edi va u,
05:03
who went flying his plane
120
288000
2000
IBM kompaniyasi operatsion tizimi qidirib uning oldiga
05:05
when IBM came looking for an operating system
121
290000
2000
kelganida, uni bu tizimni yaratishga ko`zi yetmagan
05:07
for the IBM PC,
122
292000
2000
va o`z samolyotida uchib ketib qolgan,
05:09
and he wasn't there, so they went back to see Bill Gates.
123
294000
2000
va IBM Bill Gatesni oldiga borishiga to`g`ri kelgan.
05:11
And the 12 publishers
124
296000
2000
va tahminimcha, yana 12 ta nashriyotchilar
05:13
who turned down J.K. Rowling's Harry Potter, I guess.
125
298000
3000
J.K. Rowlingning Harry Potter kitobini omadsiz qilgan.
05:16
On the other hand, there's Marc Andreessen
126
301000
2000
Lekin shu bilan birga, Marc Andreessen ham bor.
05:18
who wrote the world's first browser for the World Wide Web.
127
303000
2000
Fortune jurnaliga ko`ra, u dunyoning birinchi Dunyo Keng To`ri (World Wide Web(www))
05:20
And according to Fortune magazine,
128
305000
2000
dasturini yaratib, 700 million dollarga
05:22
he's worth 700 million dollars.
129
307000
2000
egalik qilgan.
05:24
But is he happy?
130
309000
2000
Lekin u bahtlimikan?
05:26
(Laughter)
131
311000
2000
(kulgi)
05:28
(Applause)
132
313000
7000
(Qarsaklar)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Ian Ritchie - Software entrepreneurIan Ritchie
Why you should listen
Ian Ritchie is chair of iomart plc. and several other computer and learning businesses, including Computer Application Services Ltd., the Interactive Design Institute and Caspian Learning Ltd. He is co-chair of the Scottish Science Advisory Council, a board member of the Edinburgh International Science Festival and the chair of Our Dynamic Earth, the Edinburgh Science Centre.
Ritchie founded and managed Office Workstations Limited (OWL) in Edinburgh in 1984 and its subsidiary OWL International Inc. in Seattle from 1985. OWL became the first and largest supplier of Hypertext/Hypermedia authoring tools (a forerunner to the World Wide Web) for personal computers based on its Guide product. OWL's customers used its systems to implement large interactive multimedia documentation systems in industry sectors such as automobile, defence, publishing, finance, and education. OWL was sold to Matsushita Electrical Industrial (Panasonic) of Japan in December 1989. He is the author of New Media Publishing: Opportunities from the digital revolution (1996).
He was awarded a CBE in the 2003 New Years Honours list for services to enterprise and education; he is a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering; a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh; and a Fellow and a past-President of the British Computer Society (1998-99).
Ian Ritchie | Speaker | TED.com