TED2017
Tom Gruber: How AI can enhance our memory, work and social lives
Tom Gruber: Qanday qilib sun'iy intellekt bizning xotiramiz va ijtimoiy hayotimizni yaxshilashi mumkin
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Mashinalar bizni qanchalik aqlliroq qilishi mumkin? Tom Gruber, Sirining yaratuvchilaridan biri, bizning o’rnimizni yoki biz bilan raqobatlasha oladigan mashina o’rniga, bizni rivojlantiradigan va biz bilan birga ishlay oladigan “insoniy SI” yaratmoqchi. U kelajakda SI bizga superinsoniy ishlarni, yaratuvchanlikni va kognitiv vazifalarni; bizning dizaynerlik mahoratimizni tezlashtirishdan tortib to biz qachonlardir o’qigan har qanday narsani va tanishgan insonni eslashni amalga oshirishda yordam beruvchi SI haqida o’z fikrlari bilan bo’lishadi. Uning aytishicha “SI ning renessans davrida turibmiz”, “Har safar mashina aqlliroq bo’lgani sari, biz aqlliroq bo’lamiz”.
Tom Gruber - AI product designer
As co-creator of Siri, Tom Gruber helped redefine the role of machine intelligence in our lives and transformed the way we interact with our devices. Full bio
As co-creator of Siri, Tom Gruber helped redefine the role of machine intelligence in our lives and transformed the way we interact with our devices. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
I'm here to offer you
a new way to think about my field,
a new way to think about my field,
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Men bu yerda turishimdan maqsad, soham,
sun'iy intellekt haqida
sun'iy intellekt haqida
00:16
artificial intelligence.
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yangicha fikrlashni taklif qilish.
00:18
I think the purpose of AI
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Menimcha SI ning maqsadi
00:20
is to empower humans
with machine intelligence.
with machine intelligence.
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bu insonlarni mashina intellekti
bilan kuchaytirishdir.
bilan kuchaytirishdir.
00:25
And as machines get smarter,
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Mashinalar aqlliroq bo'lgan sari
00:27
we get smarter.
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biz aqlliroq bo'lamiz.
00:29
I call this "humanistic AI" --
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Men buni "insoniy SI" deb atayman.
00:32
artificial intelligence
designed to meet human needs
designed to meet human needs
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Sun'iy intellekt odamlar bilan o'zaro
ishlashi va ularni rivojlanishiga
ishlashi va ularni rivojlanishiga
00:36
by collaborating and augmenting people.
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yordam berishi orqali insonlarning
ehtiyojlarini qondiradi.
ehtiyojlarini qondiradi.
00:40
Now, today I'm happy to see
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Hozirgi kunda yordamchi intellekt
00:42
that the idea of an intelligent assistant
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g'oyasi katta mavzuga aylanganligidan
00:44
is mainstream.
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juda hursandman.
00:45
It's the well-accepted metaphor
for the interface between humans and AI.
for the interface between humans and AI.
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Bu odamlar va SI o'rtasidagi faollikni
ifodalash uchun o'rinli metaforadir.
ifodalash uchun o'rinli metaforadir.
00:51
And the one I helped create
is called Siri.
is called Siri.
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Men yaratishga hissamni qo'shgan SI
Siri deb ataladi.
Siri deb ataladi.
00:54
You know Siri.
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Siz Sirini bilasiz.
00:56
Siri is the thing that knows your intent
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Siri sizning maqsadingizni tushuna oladi,
hamda uni
hamda uni
00:58
and helps you do it for you,
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amalga oshirishda yordam beradi,
01:00
helps you get things done.
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va uni bajarishda qo'l keladi.
01:02
But what you might not know
is that we designed Siri
is that we designed Siri
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Ammo siz bilmaydigan narsa bu,
biz Sirini odamlar
biz Sirini odamlar
01:05
as humanistic AI,
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kimligi va qobiliyatiga qaramay, ularga
01:07
to augment people
with a conversational interface
with a conversational interface
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mobil aloqa orqali suhbatlashish
interfaolligini
interfaolligini
01:10
that made it possible for them
to use mobile computing,
to use mobile computing,
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amalga oshirishda yordam beradigan
01:14
regardless of who they were
and their abilities.
and their abilities.
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insoniy sun'iy intellekt ekanligidir.
01:18
Now for most of us,
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Hozirda ko'pchiligimiz uchun bu
01:20
the impact of this technology
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texnologiyaning ta'siri ish bajarishni
biroz bo'lsa-da
biroz bo'lsa-da
01:23
is to make things
a little bit easier to use.
a little bit easier to use.
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yengillashtirishidadir.
01:25
But for my friend Daniel,
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Lekin mening do'stim Daniel uchun
01:29
the impact of the AI
in these systems is a life changer.
in these systems is a life changer.
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buning ta'siri butun hayotini o'zgartirdi.
01:33
You see, Daniel is a really social guy,
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Bilasizmi,
Daniel juda ham kirishimli yigit,
Daniel juda ham kirishimli yigit,
01:38
and he's blind and quadriplegic,
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lekin u ko'r va qo'l oyoqlari shol.
01:40
which makes it hard to use those devices
that we all take for granted.
that we all take for granted.
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Shuning uchun biz bemalol ishlata
oladigan moslamalarni u ishlata olmaydi.
oladigan moslamalarni u ishlata olmaydi.
01:44
The last time I was at his house,
his brother said,
his brother said,
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Ohirgi marta men uning uyiga borganimda
uning akasi
uning akasi
01:46
"Hang on a second, Daniel's not ready.
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"Biroz kuting, Daniel hali tayyor emas.
01:48
He's on the phone with a woman
he met online."
he met online."
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U online tanishgan qizi bilan
gaplashyapti" dedi.
gaplashyapti" dedi.
01:52
I'm like, "That's cool, how'd he do it?"
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Men "Zo'rku, buni qanday uddaladi?" dedim.
01:54
Well, Daniel uses Siri
to manage his own social life --
to manage his own social life --
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Daniel ijtimoiy hayotini boshqarish
uchun Siridan foydalanadi.
uchun Siridan foydalanadi.
01:58
his email, text and phone --
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U ko'makdoshining yordamisiz
02:00
without depending on his caregivers.
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e-mail, sms va qo'ng'iroq qila
olishi mumkin.
olishi mumkin.
02:04
This is kind of interesting, right?
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Bu qiziq, shunday emasmi?
02:06
The irony here is great.
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Taqdir hazili shundaki,
02:07
Here's the man whose relationship with AI
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Sun'iy Intellekt unga aqlli inson bilan
muloqot qilishda
muloqot qilishda
02:10
helps him have relationships
with genuine human beings.
with genuine human beings.
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yordam berayapti.
02:14
And this is humanistic AI.
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Bu insoniy Sun'iy Intellektdir.
02:19
Another example with
life-changing consequences
life-changing consequences
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Yana bir yorqin misol bu saraton
kasalligiga
kasalligiga
02:21
is diagnosing cancer.
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tashhis qo'yishdadir.
02:24
When a doctor suspects cancer,
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Vrachlar saratonni gumon qilganda,
02:26
they take a sample
and send it to a pathologist,
and send it to a pathologist,
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ular qondan namuna olib patologga
jo'natadi.
jo'natadi.
02:29
who looks at it under a microscope.
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Patolog uni mikroskopda ko'radi.
02:32
Now, pathologists look at
hundreds of slides
hundreds of slides
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Patologlar bir kunda yuzlab namunalar va
02:34
and millions of cells every day.
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minglab hujayralarga qaraydi.
02:37
So to support this task,
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Bu vazifani yengillashtirish
02:39
some researchers made an AI classifier.
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maqsadida ba'zi olimlar tasniflagich
SI yaratishdi.
SI yaratishdi.
02:43
Now, the classifier says,
"Is this cancer or is this not cancer?"
"Is this cancer or is this not cancer?"
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Ushbu tasniflagich namunalarga qarab
saraton bor
saraton bor
02:48
looking at the pictures.
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yoki yo'qligini aytadi.
02:50
The classifier was pretty good,
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Dastlab tasniflagich juda yaxshi
02:52
but not as good as the person,
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ishlayotgan edi, lekin inson kabi
02:55
who got it right most of the time.
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doim ham to'g'ri aytib bera olmasdi.
02:58
But when they combine the ability
of the machine and the human together,
of the machine and the human together,
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Ammo qachonki olimlar inson intellekti va
mashina qobiliyatini birlashtira olganda
mashina qobiliyatini birlashtira olganda
03:04
accuracy went to 99.5 percent.
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aniqlik 99.5 foizga oshdi.
03:09
Adding that AI to a partnership
eliminated 85 percent of the errors
eliminated 85 percent of the errors
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Shunda SI bilan hamkorlikda ishlash
patologlar bir o'zlari
patologlar bir o'zlari
03:14
that the human pathologist
would have made working alone.
would have made working alone.
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ishlaganda qiladigan xatoliklarini
85 foizga kamaytirdi.
85 foizga kamaytirdi.
03:18
That's a lot of cancer
that would have otherwise gone untreated.
that would have otherwise gone untreated.
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Bu juda ham ko'p oldi olinmagan
saraton kasalliklaridir.
saraton kasalliklaridir.
03:23
Now, for the curious, it turns out
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Qizig'i shundaki, insonlar yolg'on
03:25
that the human was better
at rejecting false positives,
at rejecting false positives,
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alomatni inkor etishni yaxshi uddalasa,
mashina esa aniqlanishi qiyin
mashina esa aniqlanishi qiyin
03:28
and the machine was better
at recognizing those hard-to-spot cases.
at recognizing those hard-to-spot cases.
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bo'lgan alomatlarni topa oladi.
03:32
But the lesson here isn't about
which agent is better
which agent is better
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Bundagi saboq qaysi biri tasniflash
vazifasini
vazifasini
03:35
at this image-classification task.
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yaxshi bajara olishida emas.
03:37
Those things are changing every day.
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Chunki narsalar doim o'zgarib turadi.
03:39
The lesson here
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Balki,
03:41
is that by combining the abilities
of the human and machine,
of the human and machine,
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inson va dastgoh qobiliyatini
birlashtirish orqali
birlashtirish orqali
03:44
it created a partnership
that had superhuman performance.
that had superhuman performance.
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superinsoniy vazifani bajarishda
sheriklik yaratilishidir.
sheriklik yaratilishidir.
03:50
And that is humanistic AI.
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Bu insoniy SI dir.
03:54
Now let's look at another example
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Keling, yana bir misolni olaylik.
03:56
with turbocharging performance.
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Bu tezlikni
03:59
This is design.
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yaratishdir.
04:00
Now, let's say you're an engineer.
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Masalan, siz muhandissiz.
04:02
You want to design a new frame for a drum.
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Siz dron uchun rom yaratmoqchisiz.
04:04
You get out your favorite
software tools, CAD tools,
software tools, CAD tools,
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Siz uni eng yoqtirgan dasturli
3D dasturingizda tayyorlaysiz
3D dasturingizda tayyorlaysiz
04:07
and you enter the form and the materials,
and then you analyze performance.
and then you analyze performance.
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va shaklni hamda homashyolarni kiritasiz.
So'ng siz bajarilishini tahlil qilasiz.
So'ng siz bajarilishini tahlil qilasiz.
04:12
That gives you one design.
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Bu bitta dizaynni beradi.
04:14
If you give those same tools to an AI,
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Agar siz o'sha dastgohlarni SI ga
bersangiz,
bersangiz,
04:17
it can generate thousands of designs.
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u minglab dizaynlarni yarata oladi.
04:22
This video by Autodesk is amazing.
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Autodesk yaratgan ushbu video ajoyib.
04:24
This is real stuff.
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Bu haqiqatdan ham ajoyib.
04:26
So this transforms how we do design.
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U biz dizayn qilgan narsani yaratadi.
04:29
The human engineer now
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Muhandis inson dizayn bilan
04:30
says what the design should achieve,
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nimaga erishish kerakligini aytadi
04:33
and the machine says,
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va mashina
04:35
"Here's the possibilities."
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"Mana namunalar" deb
04:37
Now in her job, the engineer's job
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ko'rsatadi va endi muhandisning vazifasi
inson sifatida o'zi
inson sifatida o'zi
04:40
is to pick the one that best meets
the goals of the design,
the goals of the design,
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ma'qul deb biladigan, dizayn maqsadiga
mos tushadigan
mos tushadigan
04:43
which she knows as a human
better than anyone else,
better than anyone else,
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variantni insoniy fikr va tajribaga
asoslanib
asoslanib
04:47
using human judgment and expertise.
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tanlaydi.
04:49
In this case, the winning form
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Natijada yaratilgan mahsulot
04:51
looks kind of like something
nature would have designed,
nature would have designed,
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huddi tabiat yaratgan narsaday ko'rinadi.
04:53
minus a few million years of evolution
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Bir necha million yillik evolyutsiya
04:55
and all that unnecessary fur.
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va shuncha keraksiz bo'lgan mo'yna.
05:00
Now let's see where this idea
of humanistic AI might lead us
of humanistic AI might lead us
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Keling endi bu insoniy SI, agar biz uni
ortidan ergashsak, qayerga yetaklab
ortidan ergashsak, qayerga yetaklab
05:05
if we follow it into
the speculative beyond.
the speculative beyond.
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olib borishi mumkinligi haqida
gaplashaylik.
gaplashaylik.
05:08
What's a kind of augmentation
that we would all like to have?
that we would all like to have?
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Biz hammamiz qanaqa rivojlanishni
istaymiz?
istaymiz?
05:11
Well, how about cognitive enhancement?
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Kognitiv rivojlanishga nima deysiz?
05:15
Instead of asking,
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"Biz mashinalarni qanchalik
05:17
"How smart can we make our machines?"
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aqlli qila olamiz?" deb so'rashni o'rniga,
05:19
let's ask
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keling, "Ular bizni
05:20
"How smart can our machines make us?"
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qanchalik aqlli qilishi mumkin?"
deb so'raylik.
deb so'raylik.
05:25
I mean, take memory for example.
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Misol sifatida xotirani olaylik.
05:27
Memory is the foundation
of human intelligence.
of human intelligence.
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Xotira bu inson intellektining asosidir.
05:31
But human memory is famously flawed.
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Lekin inson xotirasi kamchilikka egaligi
hammaga ma'lum.
hammaga ma'lum.
05:35
We're great at telling stories,
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Biz hikoya qilishda yaxshimiz, ammo uning
05:37
but not getting the details right.
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detallarida unchalik emas.
05:39
And our memories -- they decay over time.
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Va bizning xotiramiz vaqt o'tishi
bilan sustlashadi.
bilan sustlashadi.
05:42
I mean, like, where did the '60s go,
and can I go there, too?
and can I go there, too?
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Ya'ni, 60-yillar qayga ketgan bo'lsa
men ham o'sha yerga ketaman.
men ham o'sha yerga ketaman.
05:46
(Laughter)
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(Kulgu)
05:48
But what if you could have a memory
that was as good as computer memory,
that was as good as computer memory,
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Ammo sizda kompyuter xotirasi singari
xotira bo'lganda
xotira bo'lganda
05:54
and was about your life?
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nima qilgan bo'lardingiz?
05:57
What if you could remember
every person you ever met,
every person you ever met,
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Siz hayotingizda uchratgan har bir
inson ismini eslab,
inson ismini eslab,
06:00
how to pronounce their name,
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ismini qanday qilib talaffuz qilishni,
06:02
their family details,
their favorite sports,
their favorite sports,
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ularning oilasiga taaluqli detallarni,
xatto
xatto
06:04
the last conversation you had with them?
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so'nggi bor qachon gaplashganingizni
06:06
If you had this memory all your life,
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eslay olganingizda nima bo'lardi?
Sizda shunday xotira
Sizda shunday xotira
06:09
you could have the AI look
at all the interactions
at all the interactions
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butun umr davomida bo'lsa, barcha
insonlar bilan qilingan suhbatlarni
insonlar bilan qilingan suhbatlarni
06:12
you had with people over time
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ko'rish va ancha oldingi
06:14
and help you reflect on the long arc
of your relationships.
of your relationships.
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munosabatlaringizni eslashga yordam bera
oladigan SI bo'lsa.
oladigan SI bo'lsa.
06:18
What if you could have the AI read
everything you've ever read
everything you've ever read
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Agarda SI siz o'qigan har qanday narsani
o'qib bera olsa va eshitgan har qanday
o'qib bera olsa va eshitgan har qanday
06:23
and listen to every song
you've ever heard?
you've ever heard?
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musiqasini kuylab bera olsa
nima bo'lgan bo'lardi?
nima bo'lgan bo'lardi?
06:27
From the tiniest clue,
it could help you retrieve
it could help you retrieve
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Kichkinagina ishora bilan u sizga
oldin eshitgan har qanday narsani
oldin eshitgan har qanday narsani
06:31
anything you've ever seen or heard before.
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eslatib bera olsa, siz yangi aloqalar
qilish
qilish
06:33
Imagine what that would do
for the ability to make new connections
for the ability to make new connections
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va yangi g'oyalar shakllantirish
qobiliyatiga ega bo'lishni
qobiliyatiga ega bo'lishni
06:37
and form new ideas.
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tasavvur qilib ko'ring.
06:38
And what about our bodies?
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Bizning tanamizchi?
06:41
What if we could remember the consequences
of every food we eat,
of every food we eat,
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Biz yegan har bitta ovqatimiz, qabul
qilgan tabletkamiz
qilgan tabletkamiz
06:46
every pill we take,
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va yotishdan oldin qabul qilgan
06:48
every all-nighter we pull?
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dori ta'sirini eslay olganimizdachi?
06:51
We could do our own science
on our own data
on our own data
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Bizda to'plangan ma'lumotlardan kelib
chiqib, nimalar
chiqib, nimalar
06:53
about what makes us feel
good and stay healthy.
good and stay healthy.
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o'zimizni yaxshi his qilishimizga undashi
haqida ilmiy ish qilishimiz mumkin.
haqida ilmiy ish qilishimiz mumkin.
06:57
And imagine how this could revolutionize
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Tasavvur eting, allergiya va surunkali
kasalliklarni
kasalliklarni
07:00
the way we manage
allergies and chronic disease.
allergies and chronic disease.
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boshqarishimizda bu qanchalik
qo'l kelishini.
qo'l kelishini.
07:04
I believe that AI will make
personal memory enhancement a reality.
personal memory enhancement a reality.
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Men SI shaxsiy xotirani kuchaytira
olishiga ishonaman.
olishiga ishonaman.
07:11
I can't say when or what
form factors are involved,
form factors are involved,
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Men qachon va qanday omillar bilan
bog'liqligini aniq
bog'liqligini aniq
07:14
but I think it's inevitable,
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aytolmayman, ammo bu muqarrarligi aniq,
07:17
because the very things
that make AI successful today --
that make AI successful today --
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chunki SI ni hozirgi kunda muvaffaqqiyatli
qilgan narsa bu
qilgan narsa bu
07:22
the availability of comprehensive data
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keng qamrovli ma'lumotlar bazasidir,
07:25
and the ability for machines
to make sense of that data --
to make sense of that data --
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mashinalarning ushbu bazadan har
kunlik turmushda
kunlik turmushda
07:28
can be applied to the data of our lives.
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foydalana olishidadir.
07:32
And those data are here today,
available for all of us,
available for all of us,
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Ushbu ma'lumotlar bazasi hozir hammamiz
uchun mavjud,
uchun mavjud,
07:36
because we lead digitally mediated lives,
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chunki biz telefonda va online orqali
07:40
in mobile and online.
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raqamli, vositali hayot olib borayapmiz.
07:43
In my view, a personal memory
is a private memory.
is a private memory.
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Mening fikrimcha, shaxsiy xotira bu
xususiy xotiradir.
xususiy xotiradir.
07:47
We get to choose what is and is not
recalled and retained.
recalled and retained.
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Biz nimani eslash kerakligini o'zimiz
tanlaymiz.
tanlaymiz.
07:52
It's absolutely essential
that this be kept very secure.
that this be kept very secure.
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Bu mutlaqo alohida saqlanishi kerak.
07:57
Now for most of us,
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Hozir, bizning ko'pchiligimiz
07:58
the impact of augmented personal memory
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uchun rivojlangan shaxsiy xotira ta'siri
08:01
will be a more improved mental gain,
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yaxshilangan ruhiy yutuq bo'lardi.
08:04
maybe, hopefully, a bit more social grace.
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Ehtimol, bu ijtimoiy yutuq hamdir.
08:08
But for the millions who suffer
from Alzheimer's and dementia,
from Alzheimer's and dementia,
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Lekin Altsgeymer va ruhiy kasalligiga
uchragan millionlab odamlar uchun
uchragan millionlab odamlar uchun
08:15
the difference that augmented
memory could make
memory could make
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rivojlangan xotira ularning hayotiga
o'zgarish
o'zgarish
08:17
is a difference
between a life of isolation
between a life of isolation
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kiritishi ular hayotidagi yolg'izlik, qadr-qimmat,
08:21
and a life of dignity and connection.
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hamda o'zaro aloqadagi o'zgarishdir.
08:24
We are in the middle of a renaissance
in artificial intelligence right now.
in artificial intelligence right now.
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Biz hozir sun'iy intellektning renessans
davri o'rtasida turibmiz.
davri o'rtasida turibmiz.
08:30
I mean, in just the past few years,
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Ya'ni, o'tgan bir necha yil davomida
08:32
we're beginning to see
solutions to AI problems
solutions to AI problems
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biz yillar davomida kurashib kelayotgan
08:36
that we have struggled
with literally for decades:
with literally for decades:
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SI muammolariga yechimni kuzatishimiz
mumkin.
mumkin.
08:41
speech understanding, text understanding,
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Bu muammolar suhbatni anglash, yozuvni
va rasmni
va rasmni
08:43
image understanding.
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fahmlashdan iborat edi.
08:46
We have a choice in how we use
this powerful technology.
this powerful technology.
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Biz bunday kuchli texnologiyani qanday
foydalanishni o'zimiz tanlashimiz mumkin.
foydalanishni o'zimiz tanlashimiz mumkin.
08:51
We can choose to use AI
to automate and compete with us,
to automate and compete with us,
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Biz SI ni bizni avtomatlashtirish va biz
bilan raqobatlasha olishi,
bilan raqobatlasha olishi,
08:56
or we can use AI to augment
and collaborate with us,
and collaborate with us,
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yoki undan bizni rivojlantirishi va biz
bilan birga ishlashi uchun,
bilan birga ishlashi uchun,
09:00
to overcome our cognitive limitations
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bizning kognitiv cheklovlarimizni yengish
09:03
and to help us do what we want to do,
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va biz qilayotgan ishni yaxshiroq
bajarish maqsadida
bajarish maqsadida
09:06
only better.
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foydalanishimiz mumkin.
09:08
And as we discover new ways
to give machines intelligence,
to give machines intelligence,
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Biz mashinalarga intellekt o'rnatishning
yangi yo'llarini topganimiz sari,
yangi yo'llarini topganimiz sari,
09:14
we can distribute that intelligence
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ushbu intellektni sharoitidan qat'iy
nazar,
nazar,
09:17
to all of the AI assistants in the world,
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har bir ko'makdoshga muhtoj bo'lgan odamga
09:20
and therefore to every person,
regardless of circumstance.
regardless of circumstance.
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yordam berishga hissamizni qo'shishimiz
mumkin.
mumkin.
09:25
And that is why,
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Shuning uchun,
09:26
every time a machine gets smarter,
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har safar mashina aqlliroq bo'lgani sari
09:30
we get smarter.
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biz aqlliroq bo'lamiz.
09:33
That is an AI worth spreading.
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Shu sababli SI boshqalar bilan
ulashishga arziydi.
ulashishga arziydi.
09:36
Thank you.
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Rahmat.
09:37
(Applause)
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(Qarsaklar)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Tom Gruber - AI product designerAs co-creator of Siri, Tom Gruber helped redefine the role of machine intelligence in our lives and transformed the way we interact with our devices.
Why you should listen
By connecting humans and machines with AI, designer, inventor and polymath Tom Gruber is opening up new ways to improve our lives and augment human intelligence.
Gruber led the team that revolutionized human-machine interaction with Siri, the intelligent personal assistant that can understand your spoken language and help you get things done. Launched in 2010, Siri is now used billions of times a week in more than 30 countries around the world.
Tom Gruber | Speaker | TED.com