TEDxCaltech
Leonard Susskind: My friend Richard Feynman
李奥纳特·苏士侃：我的好友理查德·费曼
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作一个天才的好友感觉如何？在TEDx加州理工学院的讲台上，物理学家李奥纳特·苏士侃讲述他与传奇人物理查德·费曼的友情中的几个小故事。他谈及费曼与众不同的解题方法，包括对那些严肃的问题......也包括对不那么严肃的。
Leonard Susskind - Physicist
Leonard Susskind works on string theory, quantum field theory, quantum statistical mechanics and quantum cosmology at Stanford. Full bio
Leonard Susskind works on string theory, quantum field theory, quantum statistical mechanics and quantum cosmology at Stanford. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
I decided when I was asked to do this
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我被邀请来演讲的时候就决定了
00:17
that what I really wanted to talk about
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我真正想在这儿谈谈的
00:19
was my friend Richard Feynman.
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是我的好友理查德·费曼。
00:21
I was one of the fortunate few
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我是为数不多的认识他
00:23
that really did get to know him
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并欣赏他的
00:25
and enjoyed his presence.
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幸运者之一。
00:27
And I'm going to tell you the Richard Feynman that I knew.
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我想描述给你们听的是我眼中的理查德·费曼
00:30
I'm sure there are other people here
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在座的各位之中 一定还有人
00:32
who could tell you about the Richard Feynman they knew,
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能说说他们眼中的理查德·费曼
00:34
and it would probably be a different Richard Feynman.
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那也很有可能是个很不同的理查德·费曼
00:36
Richard Feynman was a very complex man.
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理查德·费曼是个很复杂的人
00:39
He was a man of many, many parts.
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他是个由许多部分组成的人
00:41
He was, of course, foremost,
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当然，首先要提的自然是
00:43
a very, very, very great scientist.
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他是个非常非常伟大的科学家。
00:46
He was an actor. You saw him act.
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他是个演员。你们看过他的演出。
00:49
I also had the good fortune to be in those lectures,
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我也有幸听过他讲课，
00:52
up in the balcony.
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就在阳台上。
00:54
They were fantastic.
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它们太棒了。
00:56
He was a philosopher;
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他是个哲学家，
00:58
he was a drum player;
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他是个鼓手，
01:00
he was a teacher par excellence.
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他是个超群的教师,
01:03
Richard Feynman was also a showman,
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理查德·费曼也是个善于引起人们注意的人物,
01:05
an enormous showman.
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是个极其引人注目的人物。
01:07
He was brash, irreverent --
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他性情急躁，无礼--
01:11
he was full of macho,
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他极其好斗，
01:13
a kind of macho one-upmanship.
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总能超越他的竞争者。
01:16
He loved intellectual battle.
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他钟爱智斗。
01:20
He had a gargantuan ego.
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他极为自负。
01:24
But the man had somehow
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但怎么说呢，他
01:27
a lot of room at the bottom.
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还留下了不少空间。
01:29
And what I mean by that
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我的意思是
01:31
is a lot of room, in my case --
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在我看来，还有很大的空间 --
01:34
I can't speak for anybody else --
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我不能说别人也这样看--
01:36
but in my case,
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但我认为，
01:38
a lot of room for another big ego.
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指的是容纳更多自负的空间。
01:41
Well, not as big as his,
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比他已经拥有的少些
01:43
but fairly big.
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但绝对够多
01:45
I always felt good with Dick Feynman.
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狄克·费曼总让我感觉不错 （注：狄克是理查德的昵称）
01:48
It was always fun to be with him.
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和他在一起总是很有意思
01:50
He always made me feel smart.
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他总让我觉得自己才智非凡
01:52
How can somebody like that make you feel smart?
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像他那么聪明的人怎么还会让你觉得自己聪明呢？
01:54
Somehow he did.
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但他做到了
01:56
He made me feel smart. He made me feel he was smart.
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他让我感到自己很聪明 也让我感到他很聪明
01:58
He made me feel we were both smart,
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他让我觉得我们俩都很聪明
02:00
and the two of us could solve any problem whatever.
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只要有我们俩 任何难题都能被解决
02:04
And in fact, we did sometimes do physics together.
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有时候我们的确一起讨论物理问题
02:07
We never published a paper together,
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我们从来没有共同发表过论文
02:09
but we did have a lot of fun.
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但我们讨论的很开心
02:13
He loved to win.
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在我们有时候玩的
02:15
With these little macho games we would sometimes play --
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那些男人的斗智游戏中 他总喜欢赢
02:18
and he didn't only play them with me, he played them with all sorts of people --
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不只是和我 他和各种各样的人玩这些游戏
02:21
he would almost always win.
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他几乎总能获胜
02:23
But when he didn't win, when he lost,
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但当他没赢 当他输了的时候
02:26
he would laugh and seem to have just as much fun
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他会大笑 并表现出和他赢了的时候
02:29
as if he had won.
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玩的一样畅快的心情
02:31
I remember once he told me a story
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我记得有一次他告诉我一件事
02:33
about a joke that the students played on him.
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那是他的学生们戏弄他的一个小故事
02:36
They took him -- I think it was for his birthday --
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好像是为了庆祝他的生日吧
02:38
they took him for lunch.
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他的学生们带他去吃午饭
02:40
They took him for lunch
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他们把他带到帕萨迪纳市
02:42
to a sandwich place in Pasadena.
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一个吃三明治的地方
02:44
It may still exist; I don't know.
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也许那地方现在都还在呢
02:46
Celebrity sandwiches was their thing.
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“明星三明治”是他们的特色
02:49
You could get a Marilyn Monroe sandwich.
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你能点玛丽莲·梦露三明治
02:51
You could get a Humphrey Bogart sandwich.
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也能点亨弗莱·鲍嘉三明治
02:54
The students went there in advance,
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那些学生们事先去了那里
02:56
and they arranged that they would all order Feynman sandwiches.
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并安排着大伙儿都点费曼三明治
02:59
One after another, they came in and ordered Feynman sandwiches.
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他们一个接着一个 全都点了费曼三明治
03:02
Feynman loved this story.
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费曼很喜欢这个故事
03:04
He told me this story, and he was really happy and laughing.
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他对我讲这件事时非常高兴 开怀大笑着
03:08
When he finished the story, I said to him,
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他讲完这个故事后 我对他说：
03:11
"Dick, I wonder what would be the difference
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“狄克 我就是在琢磨
03:13
between a Feynman sandwich and a Susskind sandwich."
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费曼三明治和苏士侃三明治会有什么区别”
03:17
And without skipping a beat at all,
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他不假思索的回答：
03:19
he said, "Well, they'd be about the same.
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“它们大致上差不多吧
03:22
The only difference is a Susskind sandwich would have a lot more ham,"
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唯一的区别是苏士侃三明治里会多很多火腿 （注：火腿在英语里有笨拙演员的意思）
03:25
ham, as in bad actor.
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火腿 指的是笨拙演员
03:27
(Laughter)
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（笑）
03:29
Well, I happened to have been very quick that day,
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那天我的思维特别敏捷 便说道：
03:32
and I said, "Yeah, but a lot less baloney."
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“对啊 但少很多大香肠” （注：大香肠在英语里有胡扯的意思）
03:35
(Laughter)
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（笑）
03:38
The truth of the matter
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告诉大家一句实话
03:42
is that a Feynman sandwich
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在费曼三明治里
03:44
had a load of ham,
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火腿绝不占少数
03:46
but absolutely no baloney.
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而大香肠压根就没有
03:50
What Feynman hated worse than anything else
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费曼平生最厌恶的
03:52
was intellectual pretense --
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便是学问上的做作
03:54
phoniness,
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虚假
03:56
false sophistication, jargon.
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故弄玄虚 术语
03:59
I remember sometime during the '80s,
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我还记得在80年代发生的一些事
04:02
the mid-'80s,
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那是80年代中期
04:04
Dick and I and Sidney Coleman
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狄克 我 还有西德尼·科尔曼
04:06
would meet a couple of times
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常常在旧金山
04:08
up in San Francisco at some very rich guy's house --
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旧金山的某些富人家里
04:11
up in San Francisco for dinner.
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共享晚餐
04:13
And the last time the rich guy invited us,
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那次 某个富人在邀请我们的同时
04:16
he also invited a couple of philosophers.
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也邀请了一些哲学家
04:18
These guys were philosophers of mind.
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他们是研究大脑的哲学家
04:21
Their specialty was the philosophy of consciousness.
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专长是意识哲学
04:24
And they were full of all kinds of jargon.
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话语中满是术语
04:26
I'm trying to remember the words --
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让我想想他们都用了哪些词汇
04:29
"monism," "dualism," categories all over the place.
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“一元论” “二元论”之类的 涉及的范畴铺天盖地
04:32
I didn't know what those things meant, neither did Dick --
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我不知道这些词什么意思 狄克也不知道
04:34
neither did Sydney for that matter.
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西德尼对这方面也没有了解
04:36
And what did we talk about?
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那我们谈了什么呢？
04:38
Well, what do you talk about when you talk about minds?
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以大脑为中心我们能探讨些什么呢？
04:41
One thing, there's one obvious thing to talk about --
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有一件事 明显能被讨论
04:43
can a machine become a mind?
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机器能成为大脑吗？
04:45
Can you build a machine
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我们能否造出一个
04:47
that thinks like a human being,
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以人的方式思考的
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that is conscious?
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有自我意识的机器？
04:51
We sat around and we talked about this -- we of course never resolved it.
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我们坐在那儿谈的就是这个 当然我们并没得出结论
04:54
But the trouble with the philosophers
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但问题就在于 那些哲学家
04:56
is that they were philosophizing
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该把问题科学化的时候
04:58
when they should have been science-iphizing.
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也只知道哲学化
05:00
It's a scientific question after all.
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说到底 这是个科学上的问题
05:03
And this was a very, very dangerous thing to do
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他们在狄克·费曼面前这样做
05:05
around Dick Feynman.
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是非常非常危险的
05:10
Feynman let them have it -- both barrels, right between the eyes.
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费曼当头痛击 一股脑儿的痛斥弄得他们无言以对
05:13
It was brutal; it was funny -- ooh, it was funny.
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他做的够残忍的 但也很搞笑 真的太搞笑了
05:16
But it was really brutal.
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不过他的做法真的很残忍
05:18
He really popped their balloon.
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他们被说得彻底泄了气
05:20
But the amazing thing was --
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但令人惊讶的事情发生了
05:22
Feynman had to leave a little early.
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费曼要提早离开
05:24
He wasn't feeling too well, so he left a little bit early.
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他感觉不太好 所以早走了些
05:27
And Sidney and I were left there with the two philosophers.
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就剩下了西德尼 我 还有那两个哲学家
05:30
And the amazing thing is these guys were flying.
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令人惊讶的是 他们俩兴高采烈
05:33
They were so happy.
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感觉飘飘然的
05:35
They had met the great man;
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他们见到了这伟大的人物
05:38
they had been instructed by the great man;
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他们被这伟大的人物指导了
05:40
they had an enormous amount of fun
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虽然被弄的无话可说
05:42
having their faces shoved in the mud,
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他们觉得有趣极了
05:45
and it was something special.
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这太特别了
05:48
I realized there was something just extraordinary about Feynman,
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虽说费曼就这么做了 但我意识到
05:51
even when he did what he did.
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他就是有些太过与众不同的地方
05:58
Dick, he was my friend. I did call him Dick.
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狄克是我的好友 我就称呼他为狄克
06:01
Dick and I had a certain, a little bit of a rapport.
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狄克和我相处的不错
06:03
I think it may have been a special rapport that he and I had.
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我觉得我们之间的关系还挺特殊的
06:06
We liked each other; we liked the same kind of things.
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我们喜欢对方 我们喜欢的东西也类似
06:09
I also liked the kind of intellectual macho games.
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我也很喜欢男人的那些智斗游戏
06:13
Sometimes I would win, mostly he would win,
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我有时会赢 但几乎都是他赢的
06:15
but we both enjoyed them.
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但我们俩都玩得很尽兴
06:17
And Dick became convinced at some point
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狄克渐渐开始确信
06:19
that he and I had some kind of similarity of personality.
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他与我的性格有着某些共同点
06:23
I don't think he was right.
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我觉得他错了
06:25
I think the only point of similarity between us
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我觉得我们俩之间唯一的共同点
06:27
is we both like to talk about ourselves.
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在于我们都喜欢谈论自己
06:30
But he was convinced of this.
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但他很确定
06:32
And he was curious.
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他有一颗好奇心
06:34
The man was incredibly curious.
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他总是特别的好奇
06:36
And he wanted to understand what it was and why it was
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他总想理解那是什么 为什么是那样的
06:39
that there was this funny connection.
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还有这两者之间的联系
06:43
And one day we were walking. We were in France.
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1976年的那天
06:45
We were in La Zouche.
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我们在法国苏世正走着
06:47
We were up in the mountains, 1976.
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那时我们在山上
06:49
We were up in the mountains, and Feynman said to me,
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费曼对我说：
06:52
he said, "Leonardo."
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“李奥纳特”
06:54
The reason he called me Leonardo
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他称呼我为李奥纳特
06:56
is because we were in Europe
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是因为我们在欧洲
06:58
and he was practicing his French.
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他在练习他的法语
07:01
And he said, "Leonardo,
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他说：“李奥纳特
07:04
were you closer to your mother or to you father
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你小的时候和你妈妈还是爸爸
07:07
when you were a kid?"
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关系近些？”
07:09
And I said, "Well, my real hero was my father.
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我答道：“我爸爸是我心中的英雄
07:12
He was a working man,
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他是个工人
07:14
had a fifth grade education.
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只受过小学五年级的教育
07:17
He was a master mechanic, and he taught me how to use tools.
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他是个很棒的机械工 也正是他教会我使用工具的
07:20
He taught me all sorts of things about mechanical things.
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关于机械的事情 他教了我很多很多
07:24
He even taught me the Pythagorean theorem.
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他甚至教了我勾股定理
07:26
He didn't call it the hypotenuse,
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他没用‘斜边’这个词
07:28
he called it the shortcut distance."
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他叫它‘抄近路’的距离”
07:31
And Feynman's eyes just opened up.
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费曼睁大了他的双眼
07:33
He went off like a light bulb.
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他像个灯泡一样亮了起来
07:35
And he said he had had
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他说 他和他爸爸的关系
07:38
basically exactly the same relationship
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几乎和我所说的
07:40
with his father.
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一模一样
07:42
In fact, he had been convinced at one time
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其实他从什么时候起就开始确信
07:45
that, to be a good physicist,
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要成为一个好的物理学家
07:48
that it was very important
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那样的父子关系
07:50
to have had that kind of relationship with your father.
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是十分必要的
07:53
I apologize for the sexist conversation here,
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抱歉 我说的内容含有性别歧视的味道
07:56
but this is the way it really happened.
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但这的确是事实经过
07:58
He said that he had been absolutely convinced that this was necessary --
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他说他彻头彻尾的确信 这是一个小物理学家
08:02
the necessary part of the growing up of a young physicist.
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成功过程中不可或缺的一部分
08:06
Being Dick, he, of course, wanted to check this.
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作为狄克 当然他想要确认一下这事
08:09
He wanted to go out and do an experiment.
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他想去做个实验
08:11
So, well he did.
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所以他做了
08:13
He went out and did an experiment.
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他去做了个实验
08:15
He asked all his friends that he thought were good physicists,
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他问了所有在他看来是好物理学家的朋友
08:18
"Was it your mom or your pop that influenced you?"
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“是你妈妈还是你爸爸影响的你？”
08:21
And to a man -- they were all men --
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他问的都是男人
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to a man, every single one of them
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而每一个男人的回答都是
08:25
said, "My mother."
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“我妈妈”
08:27
(Laughter)
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（笑）
08:30
There went that theory down the trashcan of history.
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所以这套理论就被扔进历史的垃圾桶里了
08:35
But he was very excited that he had finally met somebody
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但他的确因为终于遇到了一个
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who had the same experience with my father
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有着和他相似的父子关系的人
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as he had with his father.
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而激动不已
08:43
And for some time, he was convinced
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他也曾确信 这便是
08:45
this was the reason we got along so well.
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我们相处的那么融洽的原因
08:47
I don't know. Maybe. Who knows?
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或许是这样吧 又有谁知道呢？
08:49
But let me tell you a little bit
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好 让我来和你们说说
08:51
about Feynman the physicist.
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作为一个物理学家的费曼
08:55
Feynman's style --
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费曼的风格
08:57
no, style is not the right word.
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不对 “风格”这个词用得不好
08:59
Style makes you think of the bow tie he might have worn
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“风格”会让你联想到他或许戴过的领结
09:01
or the suit he was wearing.
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或是他穿过的西装
09:03
There's something much deeper than that,
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我想说的是比这些远远要深的东西
09:05
but I can't think of another word for it.
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但我想不出第二个词来形容它
09:07
Feynman's scientific style
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费曼在科学上的风格
09:10
was always to look for the simplest,
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永远是尽他所能
09:12
most elementary solution to a problem that was possible.
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在可能中寻找最简单 最基本的解题方法
09:17
If it wasn't possible, you had to use something fancier.
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如果不可能的话 那你就得用些花俏的办法了
09:20
But no doubt part of this
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但毫无疑问的是
09:23
was his great joy and pleasure
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让大家看到他能比他们想得更简单
09:26
in showing people that he could think more simply than they could.
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对费曼来说 是他的一大乐趣和满足
09:30
But he also deeply believed, he truly believed,
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但他也深信着 坚信着
09:33
that if you couldn't explain something simply
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如果你无法简单地解释一样东西
09:35
you didn't understand it.
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那就说明你没有真正理解它
09:38
In the 1950s, people were trying to figure out
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50年代的时候 人们正研究着
09:41
how superfluid helium worked.
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超流态氦是怎么回事
09:43
There was a theory.
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一位俄罗斯物理学家
09:45
It was due to a Russian mathematical physicist,
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有那么一套理论
09:47
and it was a complicated theory.
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复杂的理论
09:49
I'll tell you what that theory was soon enough.
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我等下就告诉你们那是什么理论
09:51
It was a terribly complicated theory
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那是一套十分复杂的理论
09:53
full of very difficult integrals and formulas
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里面充满了复杂的积分和方程
09:56
and mathematics and so forth.
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还有各种各样的数学
09:58
And it sort of worked, but it didn't work very well.
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这理论行得通 但并不那么好用
10:01
The only way it worked
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只有氦原子互相之间
10:03
is when the helium atoms were very, very far apart.
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距离非常远的时候 这理论才管用
10:06
The helium atoms had to be very far apart.
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氦原子之间必须要有很远的一段距离
10:08
And unfortunately, the helium atoms in liquid helium
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可惜在液体氦里的氦原子
10:10
are right on top of each other.
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根本就都叠在一起
10:12
Feynman decided, as a sort of amateur helium physicist,
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作为一个“业余”氦物理学家
10:15
that he would try to figure it out.
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费曼决定给它一试
10:18
He had an idea, a very clear idea.
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他的想法十分明确
10:20
He would try to figure out
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他决定去找出
10:22
what the quantum wave function
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描述那么大数量的原子的
10:24
of this huge number of atoms looked like.
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波函数
10:26
He would try to visualize it,
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通过仅仅几条简单的原理
10:28
guided by a small number of simple principles.
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他要试着把它形象化
10:31
The small number of simple principles were very, very simple.
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这仅仅几条简单的原理非常非常的简单
10:34
The first one was
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第一条是
10:36
that when helium atoms touch each other, they repel.
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当两个氦原子相碰时 它们会相斥
10:39
The implication of that is that the wave function has to go to zero,
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这也就意味着波函数会归零
10:42
it has to vanish when the helium atoms touch each other.
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只要氦原子互相碰撞 波函数必须归零
10:45
The other fact
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另一条是
10:47
is that the ground state, the lowest energy state of a quantum system,
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在基态 也就是一个量子系统最低能量的状态下
10:50
the wave function is always very smooth --
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波函数总会显得特别平滑
10:54
has the minimum number of wiggles.
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它的波动将处于最小值
10:56
So he sat down --
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他就这样坐下来
10:58
and I imagine he had nothing more
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我想他除了一张纸
11:00
than a simple piece of paper and a pencil --
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还有一支笔 什么都没有吧
11:02
and he tried to write down, and did write down,
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他试着 并成功的写下
11:04
the simplest function that he could think of
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他能想到的最简单的函数
11:07
which had the boundary conditions
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也就是有着 相碰就会归零
11:09
that the wave function vanish when things touch
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和除边界之外 其余完全平滑
11:11
and is smooth in between.
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这两条边界条件的波函数
11:13
He wrote down a simple thing.
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他简单的把它写了出来
11:15
It was so simple, in fact,
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简单就简单到
11:17
that I suspect a really smart high school student,
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让我怀疑一个连微积分
11:19
who didn't even have calculus,
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都没学过的 聪明的高中学生
11:21
could understand what he wrote down.
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也能理解他写下来的是什么
11:24
The thing was that that simple thing that he wrote down
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但也正是他写的这个如此简单的函数
11:27
explained everything that was known at the time about liquid helium
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解释了当时我们对液体氦了解的一切
11:30
and then some.
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甚至更多
11:32
I've always wondered
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我常常怀疑
11:34
whether the professionals, the real professional helium physicists,
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那些专业的 真正的氦物理学家
11:37
were just a little bit embarrassed by this.
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是不是会因为这个而感到羞愧
11:40
They had their super-powerful technique,
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他们虽然有着他们超级强大的方法
11:42
and they couldn't do as well.
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但没能取得费曼那样的成功
11:44
Incidentally, I'll tell you what that super-powerful technique was.
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让我顺便告诉你们那超级强大的方法是什么吧
11:48
It was the technique of Feynman diagrams.
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是费曼图解法
11:51
(Laughter)
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（笑）
11:53
He did it again in 1968.
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1968年 他又这么做了一次
11:56
In 1968, in my own university --
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1968年 在我的大学里
11:58
I wasn't there at the time -- but in 1968,
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我当时不在那里 但就在1968年
12:01
they were exploring the structure of the proton.
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人们正在研究质子的结构
12:04
The proton is obviously made
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显然 质子是由
12:06
of a whole bunch of little particles.
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许多小粒子组成的
12:08
This was more or less known.
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那时大家对此多少有些了解
12:10
And the way to analyze it was, of course, Feynman diagrams.
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要分析这些 我们自然少不了费曼图解法
12:13
That's what Feynman diagrams were constructed for --
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费曼图解法就是为了这个才被绘制出来的
12:16
to understand particles.
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为了了解粒子
12:18
The experiments that were going on were very simple.
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当时的实验非常简单
12:20
You simply take the proton,
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你只要将质子
12:22
and you hit it really sharply with an electron.
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猛烈的撞向电子即可
12:24
This was the thing the Feynman diagrams were for.
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费曼图解法就是派这个用场的
12:27
The only problem
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唯一的问题在于
12:29
was that Feynman diagrams are complicated.
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费曼图解法很复杂
12:31
They're difficult integrals.
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他们是复杂的积分
12:33
If you could do all of them, you would have a very precise theory.
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如果都能被算出来的话 我们便有了一套精确的理论
12:36
But you couldn't; they were just too complicated.
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但如果算不出的话 那它们就太复杂了
12:39
People were trying to do them.
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人们试着去计算
12:41
You could do a one loop diagram. Don't worry about one loop.
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你可以画一圈图 一圈图不是问题
12:44
One loop, two loops -- maybe you could do a three loop diagram,
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一圈图 二圈图 也许你能画得出三圈图
12:47
but beyond that, you couldn't do anything.
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但还想再画就不可能了
12:49
Feynman said, "Forget all of that.
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费曼说：“别管这些了
12:51
Just think of the proton
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就直接把质子
12:53
as an assemblage of little particles --
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想成小粒子的集合体
12:55
a swarm of little particles."
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想成一群小粒子
12:57
He called them partons. He called them partons.
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就叫它们部分子” 他把它们称为部分子
13:00
He said, "Just think of it as a swarm of partons
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他说：“就把它想成一群
13:02
moving real fast."
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迅速移动着的小粒子”
13:04
Because they're moving real fast,
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因为它们的移动速度极快
13:08
relativity says the internal motions go very slow.
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相对论告诉我们 它们的内部运动非常缓慢
13:12
The electron hits it suddenly.
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电子突然撞了上来
13:14
It's like taking a very sudden snapshot of the proton.
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就像是突然之间给质子来了张快照一样
13:17
What do you see?
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你能看见什么？
13:19
You see a frozen bunch of partons.
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你看到的是一堆一动不动的部分子
13:24
They don't move, and because they don't move
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它们没有在动 也正因为它们没在动
13:26
during the course of the experiment,
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在整个实验过程中
13:28
you don't have to worry about how they're moving.
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你不用管它们是怎么运动的
13:30
You don't have to worry about the forces between them.
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你不用考虑它们之间的力
13:32
You just get to think of it
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你只要去想
13:34
as a population
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一大群
13:36
of frozen partons.
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一动不动的部分子
13:39
This was the key to analyzing these experiments.
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这便是分析这些实验最关键的部分
13:42
Extremely effective, it really did --
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太有效了 它其实——
13:45
somebody said the word revolution is a bad word.
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有些人说“改革”是个不好的词
13:47
I suppose it is, so I won't say revolution --
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我想是吧 那我就不用“改革”
13:50
but it certainly evolved very, very deeply
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但它绝对从很深的程度上
13:53
our understanding of the proton,
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推进了我们对质子
13:56
and of particles beyond that.
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以及更多粒子的了解
13:58
Well, I had some more that I was going to tell you
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我本来准备告诉你们的
14:00
about my connection with Feynman,
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还有不少关于我和费曼的事情
14:02
what he was like,
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想说说他是怎样个人
14:04
but I see I have exactly half a minute.
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但看来我只剩下半分钟了
14:06
So I think I'll just finish up
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我最后想说的是
14:08
by saying I actually don't think Feynman would have liked this event.
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我其实并不觉得费曼会喜欢这活动
14:12
I think he would have said,
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我想他会说：
14:15
"I don't need this."
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“我不需要这个”
14:18
But how should we honor Feynman?
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那我们该怎样给予费曼荣誉呢？
14:21
How should we really honor Feynman?
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该怎样真正给予费曼荣誉呢？
14:23
I think the answer is we should honor Feynman
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我认为答案是 我们应该尽全力扔掉
14:26
by getting as much baloney
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自己三明治里的大香肠
14:28
out of our own sandwiches as we can.
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并以此给予费曼荣誉
14:31
Thank you.
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谢谢
14:33
(Applause)
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（掌声）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Leonard Susskind - PhysicistLeonard Susskind works on string theory, quantum field theory, quantum statistical mechanics and quantum cosmology at Stanford.
Why you should listen
Leonard Susskind is the Felix Bloch Professor of Physics at Stanford University. His research interests include string theory, quantum field theory, quantum statistical mechanics, and quantum cosmology. He received the Pregel Award from the New York Academy of Science (1975), and the J. J. Sakurai Prize of the American Physical Society (1998) "for his pioneering contributions to hadronic string models, lattice gauge theories, quantum chromodynamics, and dynamical symmetry breaking." He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and, since 2009, has been serving as Director of the Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics.
He is a recent recipient of the Los Angeles Times Book Award in Science and Technology for The Black Hole War: My Battle with Stephen Hawking to Make the World Safe for Quantum Mechanics.
Leonard Susskind | Speaker | TED.com