TEDxWomen 2011
Gayle Tzemach Lemmon: Women entrepreneurs, example not exception
盖尔.切麦赫.列蒙：女企业家是榜样而绝非特例
Filmed:
Readability: 4
669,450 views
女性的力量可不小－－那为什么她们只能获得小额贷款？在TEDxWomen系列中， 记者盖尔.切麦赫.列蒙提出，女性经营着各类公司－－从个体生意到大型工厂－－但她们在经济发展中的关键地位却被忽视了。
Gayle Tzemach Lemmon - Reporter
Gayle Tzemach Lemmon writes about women around the world living their lives at war and in conflict zones. Full bio
Gayle Tzemach Lemmon writes about women around the world living their lives at war and in conflict zones. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
We do not invest in victims,
0
0
3000
我们不对弱者投资
00:18
we invest in survivors.
1
3000
2000
我们投资的是求生者
00:20
And in ways both big and small,
2
5000
3000
弱者的故事，
00:23
the narrative of the victim
3
8000
2000
从各个方面
00:25
shapes the way we see women.
4
10000
2000
促成了我们对女性的看法。
00:27
You can't count what you don't see.
5
12000
3000
眼见为实。
00:30
And we don't invest in what's invisible to us.
6
15000
3000
我们不会投资我们看不见的东西。
00:33
But this is the face
7
18000
2000
而这张面孔上
00:35
of resilience.
8
20000
3000
写着坚韧不拔。
00:38
Six years ago,
9
23000
2000
六年前，
00:40
I started writing about women entrepreneurs
10
25000
2000
我开始写女性企业家
00:42
during and after conflict.
11
27000
2000
有冲突中和冲突后的故事。
00:44
I set out to write a compelling economic story,
12
29000
2000
我开始着手撰写一个吸引人的经济故事，
00:46
one that had great characters, that no one else was telling,
13
31000
3000
这个故事的主角都了不起，没被别人讲过，
00:49
and one that I thought mattered.
14
34000
2000
而且在我看了这故事意义重大。
00:51
And that turned out to be women.
15
36000
3000
结果我选择了女性为故事主题。
00:54
I had left ABC news and a career I loved at the age of 30
16
39000
3000
当时我离开了ABC新闻台，离开了我热爱的事业，我当时正值而立之年
00:57
for business school,
17
42000
2000
我去读了商学，
00:59
a path I knew almost nothing about.
18
44000
2000
这是个我几乎一无所知的领域。
01:01
None of the women I had grown up with in Maryland
19
46000
3000
与我一同在马里兰州长大的女性朋友
01:04
had graduated from college,
20
49000
2000
没有一人大学毕业，
01:06
let alone considered business school.
21
51000
2000
更不用说去念商学院了。
01:08
But they had hustled to feed their kids
22
53000
2000
她们为喂养孩子
01:10
and pay their rent.
23
55000
2000
交房租而忙碌着。
01:12
And I saw from a young age
24
57000
2000
我很小的时候
01:14
that having a decent job and earning a good living
25
59000
2000
就认为拥有一份体面的工作，挣得一份不错的工资
01:16
made the biggest difference
26
61000
2000
最能帮助
01:18
for families who were struggling.
27
63000
2000
那些勉强度日的家庭。
01:20
So if you're going to talk about jobs,
28
65000
2000
如果要讲就业，
01:22
then you have to talk about entrepreneurs.
29
67000
3000
那就不能不提企业家。
01:25
And if you're talking about entrepreneurs
30
70000
2000
讲到企业家
01:27
in conflict and post-conflict settings,
31
72000
2000
在冲突中和后冲突时期，
01:29
then you must talk about women,
32
74000
2000
那就不得不提女性，
01:31
because they are the population you have left.
33
76000
3000
因为她们是冲突后剩下来的人口。
01:34
Rwanda in the immediate aftermath of the genocide
34
79000
4000
卢旺达在大屠杀之后
01:38
was 77 percent female.
35
83000
3000
剩下人口的百分之七十七为女性。
01:41
I want to introduce you
36
86000
2000
我想把我认识的几位企业家
01:43
to some of those entrepreneurs I've met
37
88000
2000
介绍给你们
01:45
and share with you some of what they've taught me over the years.
38
90000
3000
并与你们分享这些年我从她们身上学到的东西。
01:48
I went to Afghanistan in 2005
39
93000
3000
我2005年去到阿富汗
01:51
to work on a Financial Times piece,
40
96000
2000
做财经时报的一篇报道，
01:53
and there I met Kamila,
41
98000
2000
我遇到了一位年轻的女性卡米拉，
01:55
a young women who told me she had just turned down
42
100000
2000
她告诉我， 她才谢绝了
01:57
a job with the international community
43
102000
2000
一份与国际社会相关的工作
01:59
that would have paid her nearly $2,000 a month --
44
104000
3000
这份工作给她开出了2000美元的月薪
02:02
an astronomical sum in that context.
45
107000
3000
这在当地可是个天文数字。
02:05
And she had turned it down, she said,
46
110000
2000
她谢绝了这份工作，
02:07
because she was going to start her next business,
47
112000
3000
是因为她即将开始她下一项事业，
02:10
an entrepreneurship consultancy
48
115000
2000
一个创业咨询公司
02:12
that would teach business skills
49
117000
2000
在阿富汗各地
02:14
to men and women all around Afghanistan.
50
119000
2000
教授人们各种创业技能。
02:16
Business, she said,
51
121000
2000
她说：创业
02:18
was critical to her country's future.
52
123000
2000
关乎她祖国的未来。
02:20
Because long after this round of internationals left,
53
125000
3000
因为在国际组织离开之后，
02:23
business would help keep her country
54
128000
2000
创业能够帮助她的祖国
02:25
peaceful and secure.
55
130000
3000
维持和平与安全。
02:28
And she said business was even more important for women
56
133000
3000
她说 创业对于女性而言更为重要
02:31
because earning an income earned respect
57
136000
3000
能挣钱就能赢得尊重
02:34
and money was power for women.
58
139000
3000
对于女性金钱就意味着力量。
02:37
So I was amazed.
59
142000
2000
我非常佩服她。
02:39
I mean here was a girl who had never lived in peace time
60
144000
3000
这个女孩儿从未经历和平时期
02:42
who somehow had come to sound like a candidate from "The Apprentice."
61
147000
3000
说话的口气却好比真人秀“飞黄腾达”中的竞技者。
02:45
(Laughter)
62
150000
2000
（众人笑）
02:47
So I asked her, "How in the world do you know this much about business?
63
152000
3000
我问她：“ 你怎么会对创业这么了解？
02:50
Why are you so passionate?"
64
155000
2000
你哪来这么大的热情？”
02:52
She said, "Oh Gayle, this is actually my third business.
65
157000
4000
她说：“ 哦，盖尔，这都是我第三次创业了。
02:56
My first business was a dressmaking business
66
161000
2000
我第一次创业是做服装。
02:58
I started under the Taliban.
67
163000
2000
当时还是在塔利班的统治下。
03:00
And that was actually an excellent business,
68
165000
2000
我们做的很不错，
03:02
because we provided jobs for women all around our neighborhood.
69
167000
3000
因为给周围的女性提供了就业。
03:05
And that's really how I became an entrepreneur."
70
170000
3000
我就是这样成为一名企业家的。”
03:10
Think about this:
71
175000
2000
我们想想：
03:12
Here were girls who braved danger
72
177000
2000
在连门都出不了的动荡年月里
03:14
to become breadwinners
73
179000
2000
有这样一些女孩子
03:16
during years in which they couldn't even be on their streets.
74
181000
3000
不惧危险 自力更生。
03:19
And at a time of economic collapse
75
184000
3000
当经济陷入瘫痪
03:22
when people sold baby dolls and shoe laces
76
187000
2000
当人们卖洋娃娃 卖鞋带
03:24
and windows and doors
77
189000
3000
卖门窗
03:27
just to survive,
78
192000
3000
只为能生存下去时，
03:30
these girls made the difference
79
195000
2000
这些女孩子起了重要的作用
03:32
between survival and starvation
80
197000
2000
帮助许多人解决了温饱
03:34
for so many.
81
199000
2000
重拾了生计。
03:36
I couldn't leave the story, and I couldn't leave the topic either,
82
201000
3000
我不能不与人分享这个故事，也不能不关注这个主题，
03:39
because everywhere I went I met more of these women
83
204000
3000
因为 不管我走到哪里 都能碰到更多这样的女性
03:42
who no one seemed to know about,
84
207000
2000
而外界对她们似乎一无所知，
03:44
or even wish to.
85
209000
2000
甚至不屑于了解她们的事迹。
03:46
I went on to Bosnia,
86
211000
2000
我接着去了波斯尼亚，
03:48
and early on in my interviews I met with an IMF official
87
213000
3000
在采访之初 我去见了一位国际货币基金组织的官员
03:51
who said, "You know, Gayle,
88
216000
2000
那位官员说：“ 盖尔，
03:53
I don't think we actually have women in business in Bosnia,
89
218000
2000
我认为波斯尼亚没有任何女性企业家。
03:55
but there is a lady selling cheese nearby
90
220000
2000
不过，马路对面
03:57
on the side of the road.
91
222000
2000
有一个卖奶酪的妇女。
03:59
So maybe you could interview her."
92
224000
3000
或许你可以去采访她。”
04:02
So I went out reporting
93
227000
2000
于是 我就做报道去了
04:04
and within a day I met Narcisa Kavazovic
94
229000
3000
一天不到 我见到了纳尔希萨.卡瓦索维克
04:07
who at that point was opening a new factory
95
232000
2000
她当时正好在萨拉热窝战时的前线
04:09
on the war's former front lines in Sarajevo.
96
234000
3000
开办一家新的工厂。
04:12
She had started her business
97
237000
2000
在一个废弃的狭小车库里
04:14
squatting in an abandoned garage,
98
239000
2000
她开始了她的事业，
04:16
sewing sheets and pillow cases
99
241000
2000
缝制床单和枕套
04:18
she would take to markets all around the city
100
243000
2000
她把床单枕套拿到全城各个市场上去卖
04:20
so that she could support
101
245000
2000
以此来供养
04:22
the 12 or 13 family members
102
247000
2000
12到13个家庭成员
04:24
who were counting on her for survival.
103
249000
3000
他们都依靠她谋生。
04:27
By the time we met, she had 20 employees,
104
252000
2000
我和她见面时， 她有20名员工，
04:29
most of them women,
105
254000
2000
主要是女性，
04:31
who were sending their boys and their girls to school.
106
256000
3000
她们都在供儿女上学。
04:34
And she was just the start.
107
259000
2000
她的事业才刚起步。
04:36
I met women running essential oils businesses,
108
261000
3000
我还见过负责重要石油公司，
04:39
wineries
109
264000
2000
经营酒庄
04:41
and even the country's largest advertising agency.
110
266000
3000
甚至经营该国最大广告公司的女性。
04:44
So these stories together
111
269000
2000
这些事迹
04:46
became the Herald Tribune business cover.
112
271000
2000
一同登上了前驱论坛报商业版封面。
04:48
And when this story posted,
113
273000
2000
文章一经出版，
04:50
I ran to my computer to send it to the IMF official.
114
275000
2000
我立刻跑到电脑前 把它发给那位国际货币基金组织的官员。
04:52
And I said, "Just in case you're looking for entrepreneurs
115
277000
3000
我说：“ 要是您在找企业家
04:55
to feature at your next investment conference,
116
280000
3000
参加你们下一届投资大会，
04:58
here are a couple of women."
117
283000
2000
这里有几位女性人选。”
05:00
(Applause)
118
285000
5000
（众人鼓掌）
05:05
But think about this.
119
290000
2000
但话说回来，
05:07
The IMF official is hardly the only person
120
292000
3000
这位国际货币基金组织的官员
05:10
to automatically file women under micro.
121
295000
3000
并不是唯一个小瞧女性的人。
05:13
The biases, whether intentional or otherwise,
122
298000
2000
这些偏见，不论在国际上还是其他地方，
05:15
are pervasive,
123
300000
2000
都普遍存在，
05:17
and so are the misleading mental images.
124
302000
3000
对女性错误的印象是存在的。
05:20
If you see the word "microfinance,"
125
305000
2000
看到“小额信贷”一词，
05:22
what comes to mind?
126
307000
3000
你们会想到什么？
05:25
Most people say women.
127
310000
2000
许多人会说 女性。
05:27
And if you see the word "entrepreneur,"
128
312000
3000
而看到“企业家”一词，
05:30
most people think men.
129
315000
2000
人们往往会马上想到男性。
05:32
Why is that?
130
317000
2000
为什么？
05:34
Because we aim low and we think small
131
319000
3000
因为我们对女性的期望低
05:37
when it comes to women.
132
322000
2000
小看她们，
05:39
Microfinance is an incredibly powerful tool
133
324000
2000
小额信贷是一个相当有力的工具
05:41
that leads to self-sufficiency and self-respect,
134
326000
3000
帮助人们自给自足 提升自尊，
05:44
but we must move beyond micro-hopes
135
329000
2000
但我们对女性不能只抱微小的希望
05:46
and micro-ambitions for women,
136
331000
2000
和微小的期许，
05:48
because they have so much greater hopes for themselves.
137
333000
3000
因为她们对自身怀抱的是更宏伟的希望。
05:51
They want to move from micro to medium and beyond.
138
336000
3000
她们想从微小晋升到中等再晋升到更高水平。
05:54
And in many places,
139
339000
2000
在许多地方，
05:56
they're there.
140
341000
2000
她们已经处于更高水平了。
05:58
In the U.S., women-owned businesses
141
343000
2000
在美国，女性经营的企业
06:00
will create five and a half million new jobs by 2018.
142
345000
3000
到2018年将创造550万新增工作岗位。
06:03
In South Korea and Indonesia,
143
348000
3000
在韩国和印度尼西亚，
06:06
women own nearly half a million firms.
144
351000
3000
女性经营的公司将近有五十多万家。
06:09
China, women run 20 percent
145
354000
2000
在中国，百分之二十的小型企业经营者
06:11
of all small businesses.
146
356000
2000
为女性。
06:13
And in the developing world overall,
147
358000
2000
而在发展中国家，
06:15
That figure is 40 to 50 percent.
148
360000
3000
女性经营着百分之四十到五十的企业。
06:18
Nearly everywhere I go,
149
363000
2000
我所到之处，
06:20
I meet incredibly interesting entrepreneurs
150
365000
2000
我几乎都能见到非常有能力的企业家
06:22
who are seeking access to finance, access to markets
151
367000
3000
正四处寻求资金，进入市场
06:25
and established business networks.
152
370000
2000
并加入已有的商业网络。
06:27
They are often ignored
153
372000
2000
但她们常不受到重视
06:29
because they're harder to help.
154
374000
2000
因为帮助她们难度较大。
06:31
It is much riskier to give a 50,000 dollar loan
155
376000
3000
贷出50000美元的风险
06:34
than it is to give a 500 dollar loan.
156
379000
3000
比贷出500美元要高得多。
06:37
And as the World Bank recently noted,
157
382000
2000
根据世界银行最近公布的情况，
06:39
women are stuck in a productivity trap.
158
384000
3000
女性被困入了生产力的陷阱中。
06:42
Those in small businesses
159
387000
2000
小企业的经营者
06:44
can't get the capital they need to expand
160
389000
2000
无法得到所需的资金扩大企业规模
06:46
and those in microbusiness
161
391000
2000
那些微型企业
06:48
can't grow out of them.
162
393000
2000
无法进一步壮大。
06:50
Recently I was at the State Department in Washington
163
395000
3000
最近 我去了位于华盛顿的国务院
06:53
and I met an incredibly passionate entrepreneur from Ghana.
164
398000
3000
见到了来自加纳的一位充满朝气的企业家。
06:56
She sells chocolates.
165
401000
2000
她卖巧克力。
06:58
And she had come to Washington,
166
403000
2000
她去到华盛顿，
07:00
not seeking a handout and not seeking a microloan.
167
405000
3000
为的不是寻求施舍或小额贷款。
07:03
She had come seeking serious investment dollars
168
408000
3000
她寻求的是大笔的投资
07:06
so that she could build the factory
169
411000
2000
这样她才能建工厂
07:08
and buy the equipment she needs
170
413000
2000
和购买所需的设施
07:10
to export her chocolates
171
415000
2000
将巧克力
07:12
to Africa, Europe, the Middle East
172
417000
2000
出口到非洲，欧洲，中东
07:14
and far beyond --
173
419000
2000
以及世界各地-
07:16
capital that would help her to employ
174
421000
2000
她寻求资金来聘请更多员工
07:18
more than the 20 people
175
423000
2000
现在为她工作的员工
07:20
that she already has working for her,
176
425000
3000
只有20名，
07:23
and capital that would fuel her own country's
177
428000
2000
她寻求资金来推动祖国的
07:25
economic climb.
178
430000
2000
经济一步步往上爬。
07:27
The great news is
179
432000
2000
好在
07:29
we already know what works.
180
434000
2000
我们知道哪些做法是有效的。
07:31
Theory and empirical evidence
181
436000
2000
理论与实证
07:33
Have already taught us.
182
438000
2000
都教会了我们怎么做。
07:35
We don't need to invent solutions because we have them --
183
440000
3000
我们不用想办法 因为我们已经有办法了--
07:38
cash flow loans
184
443000
2000
根据收入而非资产
07:40
based in income rather than assets,
185
445000
2000
来发放现金流贷款，
07:42
loans that use secure contracts rather than collateral,
186
447000
3000
以可靠的合同而不是抵押的方式来发放贷款，
07:45
because women often don't own land.
187
450000
3000
因为女性通常没有土地。
07:48
And Kiva.org, the microlender,
188
453000
2000
小额信贷机构Kiva.org，
07:50
is actually now experimenting with crowdsourcing
189
455000
3000
正在尝试众包
07:53
small and medium sized loans.
190
458000
2000
中小额贷款。
07:55
And that's just to start.
191
460000
3000
这还只是一个开始。
07:58
Recently it has become very much in fashion
192
463000
3000
现在时下流行的一句话是
08:01
to call women "the emerging market of the emerging market."
193
466000
4000
“女性是新兴市场的新兴市场”。
08:05
I think that is terrific.
194
470000
2000
这妙极了。
08:07
You know why?
195
472000
2000
知道为什么吗？
08:09
Because -- and I say this as somebody who worked in finance --
196
474000
4000
因为--我是作为一个曾经涉足金融业的人才这么说的--
08:13
500 billion dollars at least
197
478000
3000
至少有5000亿美元
08:16
has gone into the emerging markets in the past decade.
198
481000
3000
在过去十年中进入了新兴市场。
08:19
Because investors saw the potential for return
199
484000
3000
因为投资者在经济增长缓慢的时期中
08:22
at a time of slowing economic growth,
200
487000
2000
看到了资金回报的潜力，
08:24
and so they created financial products
201
489000
2000
于是他们推出了
08:26
and financial innovation
202
491000
2000
为新兴市场量身打造的
08:28
tailored to the emerging markets.
203
493000
3000
金融产品。
08:31
How wonderful would it be
204
496000
3000
如果我们用腰包里的钱
08:34
if we were prepared to replace all of our lofty words
205
499000
2000
替换我们高尚的口号
08:36
with our wallets
206
501000
2000
把5000亿美元
08:38
and invest 500 billion dollars
207
503000
2000
投资给女性
08:40
unleashing women's economic potential?
208
505000
3000
释放她们的经济潜力 这难道不是绝妙的做法吗？
08:43
Just think of the benefits
209
508000
2000
想想这能带来多少好处
08:45
when it comes to jobs, productivity,
210
510000
2000
工作岗位，生产力，
08:47
employment, child nutrition,
211
512000
2000
就业，儿童营养，
08:49
maternal mortality, literacy
212
514000
2000
婴儿出生率，文化程度
08:51
and much, much more.
213
516000
4000
还有很多很多。
08:55
Because, as the World Economic Forum noted,
214
520000
3000
正如世界经济论坛提出的，
08:58
smaller gender gaps are directly correlated
215
523000
3000
这是由于 经济竞争力的提升
09:01
with increased economic competitiveness.
216
526000
2000
直接影响了性别差距的缩短。
09:03
And not one country in all the world
217
528000
3000
而世界上没有一个国家
09:06
has eliminated its economic participation gap --
218
531000
3000
消除了经济参与差距--
09:09
not one.
219
534000
2000
一个国家都没有。
09:11
So the great news
220
536000
2000
所幸的是
09:13
is this is an incredible opportunity.
221
538000
2000
这是一个绝好的机会。
09:15
We have so much room to grow.
222
540000
3000
我们有着极大的成长空间。
09:18
So you see,
223
543000
2000
所以，
09:20
this is not about doing good,
224
545000
2000
这不是在做慈善事业，
09:22
this is about global growth
225
547000
2000
而是事关全球增长
09:24
and global employment.
226
549000
2000
和全球就业。
09:26
It is about how we invest
227
551000
2000
事关我们如何投资
09:28
and it's about how we see women.
228
553000
2000
如何看待女性。
09:30
And women can no longer be
229
555000
2000
作为世界一半的人口
09:32
both half the population
230
557000
2000
女性不能再继续
09:34
and a special interest group.
231
559000
2000
被视为一个特殊利益群体了。
09:36
(Applause)
232
561000
7000
（众人鼓掌）
09:43
Oftentimes I get into very interesting discussions with reporters
233
568000
3000
我常常跟记者们进行非常有趣的讨论
09:46
who say to me, "Gayle, these are great stories,
234
571000
2000
他们对我说：“ 盖尔，这些事迹都很了不起，
09:48
but you're really writing about the exceptions."
235
573000
3000
但是你写的都只是特例。”
09:51
Now that makes me pause for just a couple reasons.
236
576000
3000
听到这话 我停下来想了想。
09:54
First of all, for exceptions,
237
579000
2000
第一，如果这些是特例的话
09:56
there are a lot of them
238
581000
2000
那也太多了吧
09:58
and they're important.
239
583000
3000
而且都那么重要。
10:01
Secondly, when we talk about men who are succeeding,
240
586000
3000
第二，当谈到成功的男性时，
10:04
we rightly consider them
241
589000
2000
我们顺理成章地
10:06
icons or pioneers or innovators
242
591000
2000
把他们当做偶像，先锋 或创新家
10:08
to be emulated.
243
593000
2000
来效仿。
10:10
And when we talk about women,
244
595000
2000
而谈到成功的女性，
10:12
they are either exceptions to be dismissed
245
597000
3000
就说她们是特例
10:15
or aberrations to be ignored.
246
600000
3000
或特殊情况 可以忽略不计。
10:18
And finally,
247
603000
2000
最后，
10:20
there is no society anywhere in all the world
248
605000
3000
世界上任何一个社会
10:23
that is not changed
249
608000
2000
无一不受
10:25
except by its most exceptional.
250
610000
2000
这一最特殊群体的影响而被改变。
10:27
So why wouldn't we celebrate and elevate
251
612000
4000
我们为什么不称赞并鼓励
10:31
these change makers and job creators
252
616000
2000
这些变革者 这些创造就业者
10:33
rather than overlook them?
253
618000
3000
而是忽视她们呢
10:36
This topic of resilience is very personal to me
254
621000
3000
对坚韧不拔这一主题我有切身体会
10:39
and in many ways has shaped my life.
255
624000
3000
从很多方面塑造了我的人生。
10:42
My mom was a single mom
256
627000
2000
我妈妈是个单身母亲
10:44
who worked at the phone company during the day
257
629000
3000
过去 她白天在电话公司上班
10:47
and sold Tupperware at night
258
632000
2000
晚上销售塑料制品
10:49
so that I could have every opportunity possible.
259
634000
3000
好让我能够享受各种机会。
10:52
We shopped double coupons
260
637000
2000
我们买东西都用双重优惠券
10:54
and layaway and consignment stores,
261
639000
2000
分期累积预付 去二手商店，
10:56
and when she got sick with stage four breast cancer
262
641000
3000
当她患了晚期乳癌 身体虚弱
10:59
and could no longer work,
263
644000
2000
不能继续工作的时候，
11:01
we even applied for food stamps.
264
646000
3000
我们甚至使用了粮票
11:04
And when I would feel sorry for myself
265
649000
2000
正如每个九岁或十岁的孩子
11:06
as nine or 10 year-old girls do,
266
651000
2000
我觉得自己命很苦
11:08
she would say to me, "My dear, on a scale of major world tragedies,
267
653000
3000
这时她就会对我说：“ 宝贝，你受的这点苦，
11:11
yours is not a three."
268
656000
2000
还不到国际水平呢。”
11:13
(Laughter)
269
658000
2000
（众人笑）
11:15
And when I was applying to business school
270
660000
2000
当我申请商学院时
11:17
and felt certain I couldn't do it
271
662000
2000
我认为自己肯定上不了
11:19
and nobody I knew had done it,
272
664000
2000
我认识的人中没有人上过，
11:21
I went to my aunt who survived years of beatings at the hand of her husband
273
666000
3000
我去找我阿姨， 她多年遭受丈夫的殴打
11:24
and escaped a marriage of abuse
274
669000
2000
最后她逃出了这段充满暴力的婚姻
11:26
with only her dignity intact.
275
671000
2000
保全了自己的尊严。
11:28
And she told me,
276
673000
2000
她对我说，
11:30
"Never import other people's limitations."
277
675000
3000
“ 别人做不到，决不代表你也做不到。”
11:34
And when I complained to my grandmother,
278
679000
2000
我的祖母，
11:36
a World War II veteran
279
681000
2000
参加过二战
11:38
who worked in film for 50 years
280
683000
2000
在电影界工作了50年
11:40
and who supported me from the age of 13,
281
685000
2000
从我13岁起开始抚养我，
11:42
that I was terrified
282
687000
2000
我向她抱怨说 我很害怕
11:44
that if I turned down a plum assignment at ABC
283
689000
2000
如果我拒绝了ABC电视台的美差
11:46
for a fellowship overseas,
284
691000
2000
而加入一个海外的奖学金项目，
11:48
I would never ever, ever find another job,
285
693000
3000
我可能再也找不到另一份工作了，
11:51
she said, "Kiddo, I'm going to tell you two things.
286
696000
2000
她对我说：“ 丫头，两句话，
11:53
First of all, no one turns down a Fulbright,
287
698000
3000
第一，谁都不会拒绝福布莱特奖学金。
11:56
and secondly, McDonald's is always hiring."
288
701000
3000
第二，麦当劳一直在招人。”
11:59
(Laughter)
289
704000
2000
（众人笑）
12:01
"You will find a job. Take the leap."
290
706000
3000
“ 你会找到工作的，放心去飞吧。”
12:05
The women in my family
291
710000
2000
我家族中的女性
12:07
are not exceptions.
292
712000
2000
绝非特例。
12:09
The women in this room and watching in L.A.
293
714000
2000
在座的女性 在洛杉矶收看直播的女性
12:11
and all around the world
294
716000
2000
世界各个角落的女性
12:13
are not exceptions.
295
718000
2000
都不是特例。
12:15
We are not a special interest group.
296
720000
3000
我们不是一个特殊利益群体。
12:18
We are the majority.
297
723000
2000
我们是多数。
12:20
And for far too long,
298
725000
2000
长久以来，
12:22
we have underestimated ourselves
299
727000
2000
我们低估了自己
12:24
and been undervalued by others.
300
729000
3000
也被其他人瞧不起。
12:27
It is time for us to aim higher
301
732000
2000
现在 看待女性时
12:29
when it comes to women,
302
734000
2000
我们要抱以更高的期许，
12:31
to invest more and to deploy our dollars
303
736000
3000
为她们提供更多投资
12:34
to benefit women all around the world.
304
739000
3000
用我们的钱造福世界各地的女性。
12:37
We can make a difference,
305
742000
2000
我们能够做出重大贡献，
12:39
and make a difference, not just for women,
306
744000
2000
不仅只为女性，
12:41
but for a global economy
307
746000
2000
更是为了全球经济
12:43
that desperately needs their contributions.
308
748000
4000
它急切需要女性的贡献。
12:47
Together we can make certain
309
752000
2000
我们携手并进
12:49
that the so-called exceptions
310
754000
2000
能够让所谓的特例人群
12:51
begin to rule.
311
756000
2000
发挥力量
12:53
When we change the way we see ourselves,
312
758000
3000
只要我们改变了对自己的看法，
12:56
others will follow.
313
761000
2000
其他人也会对我们另眼相看
12:58
And it is time for all of us
314
763000
2000
我们从现在开始
13:00
to think bigger.
315
765000
2000
高瞻远瞩吧
13:02
Thank you very much.
316
767000
2000
非常感谢大家。
13:04
(Applause)
317
769000
5000
（众人鼓掌）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Gayle Tzemach Lemmon - ReporterGayle Tzemach Lemmon writes about women around the world living their lives at war and in conflict zones.
Why you should listen
Gayle Tzemach Lemmon never set out to write about women entrepreneurs. After leaving ABC News for MBA study at Harvard, she was simply looking for a great -- and underreported -- economics story. What she found was women entrepreneurs in some of the toughest business environments creating jobs against daunting obstacles. Since then her writing on entrepreneurship has been published by the International Herald Tribune and Financial Times along with the World Bank and the International Finance Corporation.
Now a senior fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations, Lemmon continues to travel the world reporting on economic and development issues with a focus on women. She is the author of Ashley's War: The Untold Story of a Team of Women Soldiers on the Special Ops Battlefield (2014), as well as the best seller The Dressmaker of Khair Khana (2011) about a young entrepreneur who supported her community under the Taliban.
Gayle Tzemach Lemmon | Speaker | TED.com