TEDGlobal>NYC
Margrethe Vestager: The new age of corporate monopolies
玛格丽特·韦斯塔格尔: 企业垄断的新时代
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玛格丽特·韦斯塔格尔想保持欧洲市场的竞争力 - 这就是为什么代表欧盟的她罚款谷歌28亿美元，因其违反反托拉斯法规；她也向苹果公司索取153亿美元的退税，并调查了一系列公司是否实行反竞争做法，包括俄罗斯天然气工业股份公司和菲亚特公司等。她在全球商业状况的重要讲话时，解释了为什么市场需要明确的规范 - 以及，甚至最具创新性的公司变得过于主导时，也会成为问题。 韦斯塔格尔说：“在建立我们所需的信任时，真正公平的竞争发挥着至关重要的作用。”她表示，“这一切就从执行我们的规范开始。”
Margrethe Vestager - Commissioner for Competition, European Union
Margrethe Vestager is in charge of regulating commercial activity across the European Union and enforcing the EU’s rules designed to keep the markets fair. Full bio
Margrethe Vestager is in charge of regulating commercial activity across the European Union and enforcing the EU’s rules designed to keep the markets fair. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Let's go back to 1957.
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让我们回到1957年
00:18
Representatives
from six European countries
from six European countries
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六个欧洲国家的代表
00:22
had come to Rome
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来到罗马
00:24
to sign the treaty that was
to create the European Union.
to create the European Union.
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签署成立欧盟的条约
00:29
Europe was destroyed.
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世界大战起于欧洲
00:32
A world war had emerged from Europe.
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使欧洲惨不忍睹
00:37
The human suffering was unbelievable
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人民承受着难以想象
00:39
and unprecedented.
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和前所未有的苦难
00:43
Those men
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那些代表
00:45
wanted to create a peaceful,
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想建立一个和平
00:49
democratic Europe,
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民主的欧洲
00:52
a Europe that works for its people.
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一个为欧洲人运作的欧洲
00:55
And one of the many building blocks
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该和平项目中的
00:58
in that peace project
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一个组成部分
01:00
was a common European market.
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就是建立欧洲共同市场
01:05
Already back then,
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早在那时
01:07
they saw how markets,
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他们就已知道
01:09
when left to themselves,
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如果不监管市场
01:11
can sort of slip into being
just the private property
just the private property
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市场就会沦为大企业和联合集团的
01:16
of big businesses and cartels,
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私有财产
01:20
meeting the needs of some businesses
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只满足一些企业的需求
01:23
and not the needs of customers.
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而非消费者的需求
01:27
So from our very first day,
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所以，在1957年
01:30
in 1957,
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从欧盟建立的第一天起
01:33
the European Union had rules
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欧盟就制定规定
01:36
to defend fair competition.
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来维持公平竞争
01:39
And that means competition on the merits,
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也就是按水平竞争
01:43
that you compete
on the quality of your products,
on the quality of your products,
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根据产品品质、价格
01:46
the prices you can offer,
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服务
01:48
the services, the innovation
that you produce.
that you produce.
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和创新性来竞争
01:52
That's competition on the merits.
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这就是根据水平竞争
01:55
You have a fair chance
of making it on such a market.
of making it on such a market.
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在这样的市场，你有公平的机会崭露头角
01:59
And it's my job,
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身为市场竞争事务专员
02:01
as Commissioner for Competition,
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我的工作就是
02:04
to make sure that companies
who do business in Europe
who do business in Europe
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确保在欧洲做生意的企业
02:07
live by those rules.
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遵守这些规范
02:12
But let's take a step back.
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但退一步来看
02:16
Why do we need rules
on competition at all?
on competition at all?
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为何我们需要这些市场竞争的规范？
02:20
Why not just let businesses compete?
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为何不直接让企业自由竞争？
02:24
Isn't that also the best for us
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对我们来说
02:27
if they compete freely,
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企业自由竞争不是更好吗？
02:29
since more competition
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因为竞争越激烈
02:31
drives more quality,
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产品质量就越高
02:34
lower prices, more innovation?
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价格也会降低，创新性更高
02:39
Well, mostly it is.
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大多数情况下是这样
02:43
But the problem is
that sometimes, for businesses,
that sometimes, for businesses,
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但问题是，有时在企业间
02:48
competition can be inconvenient,
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竞争会是个阻碍
02:55
because competition means
that the race is never over,
that the race is never over,
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因为竞争永远持续着
02:59
the game is never won.
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没有结束的一天
03:02
No matter how well
you were doing in the past,
you were doing in the past,
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不论你过去表现多好
03:05
there's always someone
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总有某些人
03:06
who are out there
wanting to take your place.
wanting to take your place.
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虎视耽耽想取代你
03:12
So the temptation to avoid competition
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所以，避免竞争的诱惑
03:15
is powerful.
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十分强大
03:18
It's rooted in motives
as old as Adam and Eve:
as old as Adam and Eve:
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这种深深植入人心的诱惑，和亚当夏娃一样古老：
03:23
in greed for yet more money,
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贪婪更多财富
03:27
in fear of losing
your position in the market
your position in the market
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害怕失去在市场的地位
03:31
and all the benefits it brings.
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和它带来的所有好处
03:35
And when greed and fear
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当贪婪和恐惧
03:38
are linked to power,
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与权力扯上关系
03:40
you have a dangerous mix.
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就很危险了
03:44
We see that in political life.
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这在政治中很常见
03:47
In part of the world,
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在世上某处
03:49
the mix of greed and fear
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贪婪和恐惧的组合
03:51
means that those who get power
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意味着表示拥有权力的人
03:54
become reluctant to give it back.
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不愿将权力交给他人
04:00
One of the many things
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在我们的民主制度中
04:02
I like and admire in our democracies
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我喜欢并钦佩的诸多优点之一，就是
04:07
are the norms
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规定选民可决定
04:09
that make our leaders hand over power
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领导人是否该
04:12
when voters tell them to.
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交出权力
04:16
And competition rules
can do a similar thing in the market,
can do a similar thing in the market,
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在市场中，竞争规范有着相似的作用
04:20
making sure that greed and fear
doesn't overcome fairness.
doesn't overcome fairness.
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它确保贪婪和恐惧不会威胁到公平性
04:27
Because those rules mean
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因为这些规范意味着
04:29
that companies cannot misuse their power
to undermine competition.
to undermine competition.
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公司不可滥用权力破坏竞争
04:36
Think for a moment about your car.
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就拿你的车来说
04:40
It has thousands of parts,
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它由数千个零件组成
04:44
from the foam that makes the seats
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从座椅的海绵
04:47
to the electrical wiring
to the light bulbs.
to the light bulbs.
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到电线，到灯泡
04:51
And for many of those parts,
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对于许多这些零件
04:54
the world's carmakers,
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世上的汽车制造商
04:55
they are dependent
on only a few suppliers.
on only a few suppliers.
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只依赖少数供应商
05:01
So it's hardly surprising
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所以，那些供应商会被诱惑到
05:03
that it is kind of tempting
for those suppliers
for those suppliers
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聚在一起定价格
05:07
to come together and fix prices.
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这一点也不奇怪
05:11
But just imagine what that could do
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但是想像一下，这么做
05:13
to the final price
of your new car in the market.
of your new car in the market.
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对新车在市场上的最终价格有何影响
05:20
Except, it's not imaginary.
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然而这些并非虚构
05:24
The European Commission
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欧盟委员会
05:26
has dealt with already
seven different car parts cartels,
seven different car parts cartels,
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已处理了七件不同车零件的垄断案例
05:32
and we're still investigating some.
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还有一些案例我们仍在调查
05:36
Here, the Department of Justice
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在这里，司法部
05:39
are also looking
into the market for car parts,
into the market for car parts,
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也在调查车零件的市场
05:42
and it has called it
the biggest criminal investigation
the biggest criminal investigation
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并称其为有史以来最大宗的
05:46
it has ever pursued.
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刑事调查
05:49
But without competition rules,
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但是如果没有竞争规范
05:51
there would be no investigation,
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就不会有任何调查
05:54
and there would be nothing
to stop this collusion from happening
to stop this collusion from happening
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也没办法阻止这种勾当
05:58
and the prices of your car to go up.
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然后你轿车的价格就会飙升
06:03
Yet it's not only companies
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破坏公平竞争的
06:05
who can undermine fair competition.
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除了公司企业
06:08
Governments can do it, too.
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还有政府机构
06:11
And governments do that
when they hand out subsidies
when they hand out subsidies
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政府发补贴给受青睐的少数时
06:15
to just the favorite few, the selected.
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就已经在破坏公平竞争了
06:21
They may do that
when they hand out subsidies --
when they hand out subsidies --
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政府发补贴给企业的时候
06:24
and, of course,
all financed by taxpayers --
all financed by taxpayers --
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也可能破坏公平竞争
06:28
to companies.
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当然，所有费用由纳税人买单
06:30
That may be in the form
of special tax treatments,
of special tax treatments,
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这种破坏可能以特别税收待遇的形式出现
06:35
like the tax benefits
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比如，赋税优惠
06:37
that firms like Fiat,
Starbucks and Apple got
Starbucks and Apple got
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像菲亚特，星巴克和苹果这类大公司
06:42
from some governments in Europe.
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在欧洲得到一些政府的税收优惠
06:46
Those subsidies stop companies
from competing on equal terms.
from competing on equal terms.
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这些补贴破坏了公司间的公平竞争
06:51
They can mean that
the companies that succeed,
the companies that succeed,
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这意味着成功的公司
06:54
well, they are the companies
that got the most subsidy,
that got the most subsidy,
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是那些得到最多补贴的公司
06:58
the ones that are the best-connected,
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也是最会搞关系的公司
07:00
and not, as it should be,
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然而成功的公司应该是
07:02
the companies that serve
consumers the best.
consumers the best.
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给消费者最好的服务的
07:07
So there are times when we need to step in
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所以，我们得时不时介入
07:10
to make sure that competition
works the way it should.
works the way it should.
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确保竞争依其原本的方式进行
07:15
By doing that, we help
the market to work fairly,
the market to work fairly,
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这么做，我们帮助市场公平运作
07:19
because competition gives consumers
the power to demand a fair deal.
the power to demand a fair deal.
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因为竞争使消费者有权做公平的交易
07:25
It means that companies know
that if they cannot offer good prices
that if they cannot offer good prices
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这表示，如果公司企业
知道自己不能提供更好的价格
知道自己不能提供更好的价格
07:30
or the service that's expected,
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或提供预期的服务
07:32
well, the customers
will go somewhere else.
will go somewhere else.
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那么消费者就会另寻他处
07:38
And that sort of fairness
is more important
is more important
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这种公平性
07:41
than we may sometimes realize.
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有时比我们认为的更重要
07:47
Very few people think
about politics all the time.
about politics all the time.
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很少人成天思考政治
07:51
Some even skip it at election time.
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有些人甚至忽略选举活动
07:55
But we are all in the market.
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但我们都置身于市场中
07:58
Every day, we are in the market.
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每一天，我们都在市场里
08:02
And we don't want businesses
to agree on prices in the back office.
to agree on prices in the back office.
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我们不希望企业背地里制定统一价格
08:07
We don't want them
to divide the market between them.
to divide the market between them.
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不希望他们在彼此之间分割市场
08:11
We don't want one big company
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不希望一间大公司
08:13
just to shut out competitors
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打压屏蔽其他对手
08:16
from ever showing us what they can do.
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不给它们表现的机会
08:20
If that happens,
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如果这种事发生了
08:22
well, obviously, we feel
that someone has cheated us,
that someone has cheated us,
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显然我们会感到被欺骗
08:26
that we are being ignored
or taken for granted by the market.
or taken for granted by the market.
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被忽略或不被市场重视
08:31
And that may undermine
not only our trust in the market
not only our trust in the market
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这不只危害我们对市场的信任
08:35
but also our trust in the society.
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也危害我们对社会的信任
08:39
In a recent survey,
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最近一项调查显示
08:41
more than two-thirds of Europeans
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超过2/3的欧洲人
08:44
said that they had felt
the effects of lack of competition:
the effects of lack of competition:
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感受到缺乏竞争的影响：
08:49
that the price
for electricity was too high,
for electricity was too high,
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电费过高
08:53
that the price for the medicines
they needed was too high,
they needed was too high,
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所需的药价格也过高
08:57
that they had no real choice
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如果他们想乘公交
08:59
if they wanted to travel
by bus or by plane,
by bus or by plane,
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或搭飞机旅行，他们并没有真正的选择机会
09:02
or they got poor service
from their internet provider.
from their internet provider.
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他们互联网提供商给予差劲的服务等等
09:06
In short, they found that the market
didn't treat them fairly.
didn't treat them fairly.
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简而言之，他们发现市场交易并不公平
09:11
And that might seem
like very small things,
like very small things,
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乍看之下，这些都是小事
09:16
but they can give you this sense
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但它们可以给你一种
09:19
that the world isn't really fair.
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这个世界并不公平的感觉
09:23
And they see the market,
which was supposed to serve everyone,
which was supposed to serve everyone,
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他们看出本该是服务大众的市场
09:28
become more like the private property
of a few powerful companies.
of a few powerful companies.
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变得像少数大公司的私有财产
09:35
The market is not the society.
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市场不是社会
09:38
Our societies are, of course,
much, much more than the market.
much, much more than the market.
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我们的社会，当然比市场要大许多
09:43
But lack of trust in the market
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但缺少对市场的信任
09:46
can rub off on society
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会影响整个社会
09:49
so we lose trust in our society as well.
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所以我们也对社会失去信任
09:55
And it may be the most important
thing we have, trust.
thing we have, trust.
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信任是我们所拥有最重要的东西
10:01
We can trust each other
if we are treated as equals.
if we are treated as equals.
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我们如果受到公平对待，就会信任彼此
10:08
If we are all to have the same chances,
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如果我们都有同样的机会
10:12
well, we all have to follow
the same fundamental rules.
the same fundamental rules.
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那么，我们必须遵守同样的基本规则
10:17
Of course, some people and some businesses
are more successful than others,
are more successful than others,
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当然，一些人和企业比其他人更成功
10:23
but we do not trust in a society
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但如果在比赛开始前
10:26
if the prizes are handed out
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就已颁发奖项
10:28
even before the contest begins.
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我们就无法信任这个社会
10:33
And this is where
competition rules come in,
competition rules come in,
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这就是竞争规范要解决的问题
10:37
because when we make sure
that markets work fairly,
that markets work fairly,
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因为当我们确保市场公平运行时
10:40
then businesses compete on the merits,
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企业就会老老实实竞争
10:43
and that helps to build the trust
that we need as citizens
that we need as citizens
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这帮助我们建立人民所需的信任
10:49
to feel comfortable and in control,
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让我们感到舒适 感到可以掌控我们的选择
10:52
and the trust that allows
our society to work.
our society to work.
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这种信任帮助使我们的社会运作
10:58
Because without trust,
everything becomes harder.
everything becomes harder.
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因为没有信任，每件事就变得困难
11:02
Just to live our daily lives,
we need to trust in strangers,
we need to trust in strangers,
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为了过好日常生活，我们必须信任陌生人
11:07
to trust the banks who keep our money,
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信任保管我们钱财的银行
11:10
the builders who build our home,
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盖我们房子的工人
11:14
the electrician
who comes to fix the wiring,
who comes to fix the wiring,
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来修电线的电工
11:17
the doctor who treats us when we're ill,
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我们生病时所看的医生
11:19
not to mention
the other drivers on the road,
the other drivers on the road,
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更不用说路上的其他驾驶员
11:22
and everyone knows that they are crazy.
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大家都知道他们很疯狂
11:26
And yet, we have to trust them
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但我们仍需相信他们
11:29
to do the right thing.
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会做正确的事
11:32
And the thing is
that the more our societies grow,
that the more our societies grow,
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我们的社会越是成长
11:36
the more important trust becomes
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信任就越发重要
11:39
and the harder it is to build.
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但也越难建立
11:43
And that is a paradox of modern societies.
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这就是现代社会的矛盾之处
11:48
And this is especially true
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这尤其表现在
11:51
when technology changes
the way that we interact.
the way that we interact.
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当科技改变我们的相处模式时
11:55
Of course, to some degree,
technology can help us
technology can help us
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某种程度上，通过评分系统
11:58
to build trust in one another
with ratings systems and other systems
with ratings systems and other systems
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和其他系统科技可帮助我们
12:02
that enable the sharing economy.
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建立对彼此的信任，开启共享经济
12:06
But technology also creates
completely new challenges
completely new challenges
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但科技也带来前所未有的挑战
12:10
when they ask us
not to trust in other people
not to trust in other people
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科技要我们不去相信其他人
12:14
but to trust in algorithms and computers.
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改而相信算法和计算机
12:19
Of course, we all see
and share and appreciate
and share and appreciate
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当然，我们都见证、分享和感激
12:23
all the good that
new technology can do us.
new technology can do us.
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新科技所带来的好处
12:27
It's a lot of good.
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优点有很多
12:30
Autonomous cars can give people
with disabilities new independence.
with disabilities new independence.
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5136
自动驾驶汽车让残障人士更独立
12:35
It can save us all time,
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科技可随时帮助我们
12:36
and it can make a much, much
better use of resources.
better use of resources.
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也可更有效率地使用资源
12:41
Algorithms that rely on crunching
enormous amounts of data
enormous amounts of data
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依赖大数据的算法
12:46
can enable our doctors
to give us a much better treatment,
to give us a much better treatment,
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可使医生给我们更好的治疗
12:50
and many other things.
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还有许多其他好处
12:54
But no one is going
to hand over their medical data
to hand over their medical data
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但没人会交出他们的医疗数据
12:59
or step into a car
that's driven by an algorithm
that's driven by an algorithm
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或踏进一台由算法驾驶的车
13:03
unless they trust the companies
that they are dealing with.
that they are dealing with.
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除非他们相信提供服务的公司
13:09
And that trust isn't always there.
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这种信任并非无所不在
13:13
Today, for example,
less than a quarter of Europeans
less than a quarter of Europeans
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今日，不到1/4的欧洲人
13:17
trust online businesses
to protect their personal information.
to protect their personal information.
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认为线上企业能保护个人信息
13:24
But what if people knew
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1600
但如果人们知道
13:27
that they could rely
on technology companies
on technology companies
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科技公司能公平对待自己
13:30
to treat them fairly?
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会如何？
13:34
What if they knew that those companies
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如果他们知道那些公司
13:36
respond to competition
by trying to do better,
by trying to do better,
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对待竞争的方式就是做得更好
13:41
by trying to serve consumers better,
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更好地服务顾客
13:45
not by using their power
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而不是滥用权力
13:47
to shut out competitors,
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打压竞争对手
13:49
say, by pushing their services
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比如，将他们的服务
13:52
far, far down the list of search results
219
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远远推到搜寻结果列表之外
13:56
and promoting themselves?
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只推销自己
13:59
What if they knew
that compliance with the rules
that compliance with the rules
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4256
假使他们知道
14:04
was built into the algorithms by design,
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遵守规范是有意建立于算法之中
14:09
that the algorithm had to go
to competition rules school
to competition rules school
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在它能运作之前
14:12
before they were ever allowed to work,
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算法得先确保竞争规范被遵守
14:16
that those algorithms were designed
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这些演算法是用来避免
14:18
in a way that meant
that they couldn't collude,
that they couldn't collude,
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不正当的勾结
14:22
that they couldn't form
their own little cartel
their own little cartel
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不会暗箱操作
14:25
in the black box they're working in?
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搞垄断的小集团
14:29
Together with regulation,
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有了法规的帮助
14:32
competition rules can do that.
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1960
竞争规范可以实现这一点
14:35
They can help us to make sure
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可以帮我们确保
14:37
that new technology treats people fairly
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新的科技公平待人
14:41
and that everyone can compete
on a level playing field.
on a level playing field.
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人人都能以同等条件竞争
14:46
And that can help us build the trust
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3256
这也能帮我们建立
14:50
that we need for real innovation
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真正创新所需的
14:52
to flourish
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信任
14:53
and for societies to develop for citizens.
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3600
让社会的发展为人民服务
14:59
Because trust cannot be imposed.
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2240
因为信任不能强加于人
15:03
It has to be earned.
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它必须要被赢来
15:06
Since the very first days
of the European Union,
of the European Union,
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3976
自60年前欧盟成立的
15:10
60 years ago,
241
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1320
头几天起
15:12
our competition rules have helped
242
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2936
我们的竞争规范已帮助
15:15
to build that trust.
243
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1480
建立市场信任
15:19
A lot of things have changed.
244
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1600
很多事改变了
15:22
It's hard to say
what those six representatives
what those six representatives
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3336
这六位代表会用智能手机做什么
15:25
would have made of a smartphone.
246
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1524
很难说
15:29
But in today's world,
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但在今日的世界
15:30
as well as in their world,
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2616
和他们那时的世界
15:33
competition makes the market
work for everyone.
work for everyone.
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竞争让市场为每个人运作
15:38
And that is why I am convinced
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这也是为何，我深信
15:40
that real and fair competition
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真正的公平的竞争
15:43
has a vital role to play
252
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在建立我们所需的信任
15:45
in building the trust we need
253
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2176
来充分利用我们的社会时
15:47
to get the best of our societies,
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发挥着重要的作用
15:52
and that starts with enforcing our rules,
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这一切从执行我们的规范开始
15:57
actually just to make
the market work for everyone.
the market work for everyone.
256
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让市场为每个人运作
16:00
Thank you.
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谢谢
16:02
(Applause)
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（掌声）
16:07
Bruno Giussani: Thank you.
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吉萨尼：谢谢
16:11
Thank you, Commissioner.
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谢谢您，专员
16:12
Margrethe Vestager: It was a pleasure.
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韦斯塔格尔：我的荣幸
16:14
BG: I want to ask you two questions.
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吉萨尼：我想请教您两个问题
16:16
The first one is about data,
because I have the impression
because I have the impression
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2736
第一个是关于数据，因为我总有个印象
16:19
that technology and data are changing
the way competition takes place
the way competition takes place
264
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3416
认为科技和数据正改变竞争发生的方式
16:22
and the way competition regulation
is designed and enforced.
is designed and enforced.
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和竞争法规设计与执行的方式
16:27
Can you maybe comment on that?
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您能给些看法吗？
16:28
MV: Well, yes, it is
definitely challenging us,
definitely challenging us,
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3336
韦斯塔格尔：是的，这确实是一大挑战
16:32
because we both have to sharpen our tools
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因为我们必须让我们的工具更先进
16:35
but also to develop new tools.
269
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并同时开发新的工具
16:38
When we were going through
the Google responses
the Google responses
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2856
在处理谷歌对我们
16:41
to our statement of objection,
271
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反对声明的回应时
16:43
we were going through
5.2 terabytes of data.
5.2 terabytes of data.
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总共经手了5.2兆兆字节的数据
16:49
It's quite a lot.
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1520
十分庞大
16:51
So we had to set up new systems.
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3296
所以，我们必须设立新系统
16:54
We had to figure out how to do this,
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我们必须找出办法
16:57
because you cannot work
the way you did just a few years ago.
the way you did just a few years ago.
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4096
因为你无法以几年前的方式运作
17:01
So we are definitely
sharpening up our working methods.
sharpening up our working methods.
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3880
所以我们必须精进工作的方式
17:05
The other thing is
that we try to distinguish
that we try to distinguish
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另一件事是，我们试着分辨
17:08
between different kinds of data,
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1696
不同种类的数据
17:09
because some data is extremely valuable
280
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因为有些数据非常可贵
17:12
and they will form, like,
a barrier to entry in a market.
a barrier to entry in a market.
281
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3256
会形成进入市场的阻碍
17:15
Other things you can just --
it loses its value tomorrow.
it loses its value tomorrow.
282
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4040
其他一些数据 - 隔了一天就没价值了
17:20
So we try to make sure
283
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所以我们确保
17:22
that we never, ever underestimate the fact
284
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3457
我们知道
17:25
that data works
as a currency in the market
as a currency in the market
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3977
数据就如市场中的货币
17:29
and as an asset that can be
a real barrier for competition.
a real barrier for competition.
286
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5041
也可能是阻碍竞争的资产
17:35
BG: Google. You fined them
2.8 billion euros a few months ago.
2.8 billion euros a few months ago.
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吉萨尼：您几个月前罚款谷歌28亿欧元
17:40
MV: No, that was dollars.
It's not so strong these days.
It's not so strong these days.
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韦斯塔格尔：不，是美元
美元最近不怎么强势
美元最近不怎么强势
17:42
BG: Ah, well, depends on the --
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吉萨尼：呃，是根据 -
17:44
(Laughter)
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1016
（笑声）
17:45
Google appealed the case.
The case is going to court.
The case is going to court.
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2496
谷歌上诉了，所以这个案子会上法庭
17:47
It will last a while.
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1560
会花一些时间
17:50
Earlier, last year, you asked Apple
to pay 13 billion in back taxes,
to pay 13 billion in back taxes,
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4736
去年早些时候，您向苹果索取130亿的退税
17:55
and you have also
investigated other companies,
investigated other companies,
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3136
您也调查了其他公司
17:58
including European and Russian companies,
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2056
包括欧洲和俄罗斯的公司
18:00
not only American companies, by far.
296
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2096
不单只有美国的公司
18:02
Yet the investigations
against the American companies
against the American companies
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4296
然而，针对美国公司的调查
18:06
are the ones that have attracted
the most attention
the most attention
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2416
最引人注目
18:09
and they have also attracted
some accusations.
some accusations.
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3016
同时也引来一些指控
18:12
You have been accused, essentially,
of protectionism, of jealousy,
of protectionism, of jealousy,
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3136
您被指控施行保护主义，嫉妒
18:15
or using legislation
to hit back at American companies
to hit back at American companies
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2896
以法律来攻击征服欧洲市场的
18:18
that have conquered European markets.
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2296
美国公司
18:20
"The Economist" just this week
on the front page writes,
on the front page writes,
303
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3456
“经济学人”本周的头版写道
18:24
"Vestager Versus The Valley."
304
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1896
“韦斯塔格尔 vs 硅谷”
18:25
How do you react to that?
305
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您如何回应？
18:28
MV: Well, first of all,
I take it very seriously,
I take it very seriously,
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3216
韦斯塔格尔：首先，我很严肃看待这事
18:31
because bias has no room
in law enforcement.
in law enforcement.
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5320
因为执法是容不下偏见的
18:38
We have to prove our cases
with the evidence and the facts
with the evidence and the facts
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3176
我们必须以证据，事实和法律体系
18:41
and the jurisprudence
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2016
来证明我们的案子
18:43
in order also to present it to the courts.
310
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2040
以便陈给法庭
18:46
The second thing is
that Europe is open for business,
that Europe is open for business,
311
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3936
第二，欧洲是开放市场
18:50
but not for tax evasion.
312
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1736
而不是避税所
18:52
(Applause)
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3680
（掌声）
18:58
The thing is that we are changing,
314
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3736
重点是，我们不断在改变
19:02
and for instance,
when I ask my daughters --
when I ask my daughters --
315
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2216
举个例子，我问我女儿 -
19:04
they use Google as well --
316
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1536
她们也用谷歌 -
19:06
"Why do you do that?"
317
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1496
“你们为什么用它？”
19:07
They say, "Well, because it works.
It's a very good product."
It's a very good product."
318
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2976
她们说，“因为它好用啊，是很好的产品”
19:10
They would never, ever,
come up with the answer,
come up with the answer,
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2456
她们不会这样回答：
19:13
"It's because it's a US product."
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1720
“因为这是美国的产品”
19:15
It's just because it works.
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1856
只是因为这个产品好用
19:17
And that is of course how it should be.
322
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2056
当然，原本就该是这样的
19:19
But just the same, it is important
that someone is looking after to say,
that someone is looking after to say,
323
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3416
同样的，关注你的人说以下的话也很重要
19:23
"Well, we congratulate you
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2336
“当你不断成长时“
19:25
while you grow and grow and grow,
325
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2536
”我们恭喜你“
19:28
but congratulation stops
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1736
”但若我们发现你利用职权“
19:30
if we find that you're
misusing your position
misusing your position
327
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2280
”去伤害其他竞争者，不让他们服务消费者时“
19:34
to harm competitors
so that they cannot serve consumers."
so that they cannot serve consumers."
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4216
”恭贺就会停止“
19:38
BG: It will be
a fascinating case to follow.
a fascinating case to follow.
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2096
吉萨尼：这会是个有趣的例子
19:40
Thank you for coming to TED.
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谢谢您来TED演讲
19:41
MV: It was a pleasure. Thanks a lot.
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韦斯塔格尔：这是我的荣幸，谢谢
19:43
(Applause)
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（掌声）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Margrethe Vestager - Commissioner for Competition, European UnionMargrethe Vestager is in charge of regulating commercial activity across the European Union and enforcing the EU’s rules designed to keep the markets fair.
Why you should listen
Margrethe Vestager has been described as "the most powerful woman in Brussels" -- otherwise said, in European politics. As Commissioner for Competition for the European Union, Vestager is in charge of regulating commercial activity across the 28 member states and enforcing the EU's rules designed to keep the markets fair -- rules that, she believes, some big companies have been abusing. In 2016, Vestager ordered Apple to pay €13 bn (about US$15.3 bn) in back taxes. In June 2017, she fined Google €2.4 bn (US$2.8 bn) for manipulating search results in favor of its own services. Other antitrust cases are open against Google. Facebook, Amazon, Russian natural gas producer Gazprom, Italian carmaker Fiat and others are also on her radar screen.
Born in Denmark, Vestager held various ministerial posts in her country's government before being appointed to the European Commission in 2014. Her politics are liberal in the classic meaning of the term: free speech, free assembly and free trade -- but she argues that it can only happen if markets are free of undue influence and anti-competitive behaviors.
Margrethe Vestager | Speaker | TED.com