TED Residency
Natalie Fratto: 3 ways to measure your adaptability -- and how to improve it
Natalie Fratto: 三种方法用来评估你的适应能力 -- 以及如何提高它
Filmed:
Readability: 4.7
2,858,888 views
每当创业投资人Natalie Fratto在创业者中选择资助对象时，她不仅仅看重智商或是领导力；她还看重适应能力。在这段富有洞察力的演讲中，Fratto分享了她评估”适应能力值“的三种方法，并阐明了为什么应对变化的能力如此重要。
Natalie Fratto - Venture investor, writer
Natalie Fratto invests in underestimated startup founders and writes about how technology shapes the world around us. Full bio
Natalie Fratto invests in underestimated startup founders and writes about how technology shapes the world around us. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
I met 273 start-up founders last year.
0
817
3529
去年，我同273位
初创公司创始人见过面。
初创公司创始人见过面。
00:16
And each one was looking for money.
1
4689
2263
他们所有人都在筹款。
作为一个技术投资人，
00:18
As a tech investor,
2
6976
1437
我的任务是将
每一个我见过的人分类，
每一个我见过的人分类，
00:20
my goal was to sort through
everyone that I met
everyone that I met
3
8437
2664
然后迅决定判断出
00:23
and make a quick determination
4
11125
1635
哪些人具备做大事的潜力。
00:24
about which ones had the potential
to make something really big.
to make something really big.
5
12784
3483
00:28
But what makes a great founder?
6
16887
1704
但是，是什么成就了
一位优秀的创业者？
一位优秀的创业者？
00:30
This is a question I ask myself daily.
7
18615
2209
这是一个我每天都要问自己的问题。
00:33
Some venture capitalists place bets
8
21186
1857
一些风险投资人会
00:35
based on a founder's previous background.
9
23067
2405
根据创业者的履历背景下注。
00:37
Did they go to an Ivy League school?
10
25496
1952
他们是否毕业于藤校？
00:39
Have they worked at a blue-chip company?
11
27472
1923
他们是否在蓝筹公司工作过？
00:41
Have they built out a big vision before?
12
29419
1944
他们之前是否就构建过远大愿景？
00:43
Effectively, how smart is this person?
13
31387
2533
实际上就是说，这个人有多聪明？
00:46
Other VCs asses a founder's
emotional quotient, or EQ.
emotional quotient, or EQ.
14
34522
3869
其他一些风险投资人会评估
创业者的情商，也就是EQ。
创业者的情商，也就是EQ。
00:50
How well will this person build teams
15
38869
1873
这个人组建团队的能力有多强？
00:52
and build rapport
across customers and clients?
across customers and clients?
16
40766
2904
而他又是否能同客户构建和睦关系？
00:56
I have a different methodology
to assess start-up founders, though,
to assess start-up founders, though,
17
44496
3143
而我有一套与众不同的
评估创业者的方法，
评估创业者的方法，
并且方法并不复杂。
00:59
and it's not complicated.
18
47663
1565
01:01
I look for signs of one specific trait.
19
49252
2600
我找寻某个特定品质的迹象。
01:04
Not IQ, not EQ.
20
52204
2137
不是智商，也不是情商。
01:06
It's adaptability:
21
54688
1200
而是适应能力：
01:08
how well a person reacts
to the inevitability of change,
to the inevitability of change,
22
56339
3975
一个人在面对不可避免的
改变时反应如何，
改变时反应如何，
01:12
and lots of it.
23
60338
1176
尤其是当有大量变动时。
01:13
That's the single most important
determinant for me.
determinant for me.
24
61538
2429
这就是那个对我来说
唯一且最重要的决定性因素。
唯一且最重要的决定性因素。
01:16
I subscribe to the belief
25
64378
1525
我坚信，
01:17
that adaptability itself
is a form of intelligence,
is a form of intelligence,
26
65927
3167
适应能力本身就是
一种智商的表现形式，
一种智商的表现形式，
01:21
and our adaptability quotient, or AQ,
27
69118
2936
而我们的适应能力系数，即AQ，
01:24
is something that can be measured,
tested and improved.
tested and improved.
28
72078
3468
是可以被测量、测试和提高的。
01:28
AQ isn't just useful
for start-up founders, however.
for start-up founders, however.
29
76301
2652
适应能力不仅仅
对公司创始人来说有用，
对公司创始人来说有用，
01:31
I think it's increasingly
important for all of us.
important for all of us.
30
79447
2452
我觉得它对我们
所有人来说都越来越重要。
所有人来说都越来越重要。
01:33
Because the world is speeding up.
31
81923
1826
因为这个世界正在加速变化。
01:35
We know that the rate
of technological change is accelerating,
of technological change is accelerating,
32
83773
3190
众所周知科技在加速发展，
01:38
which is forcing our brains to react.
33
86987
2233
这迫使我们的大脑做出反应。
01:41
Whether you're navigating
changing job conditions
changing job conditions
34
89244
2342
不论你是在找寻办法
应对因为自动化
应对因为自动化
带来的工作条件的改变，
01:43
brought on by automation,
35
91610
1419
01:45
shifting geopolitics
in a more globalized world,
in a more globalized world,
36
93053
3152
因为全球化所带来的地缘政治的变迁，
01:48
or simply changing family dynamics
and personal relationships.
and personal relationships.
37
96229
3390
或者单纯是为了
改变家庭氛围及人际关系。
改变家庭氛围及人际关系。
01:51
Each of us, as individuals, groups,
38
99934
2603
我们每一个人，作为个人、群体、
01:54
corporations and even governments
39
102561
2246
公司、甚至是政府，
01:56
are being forced to grapple
with more change
with more change
40
104831
2381
正被迫与空前的
01:59
than ever before in human history.
41
107236
2267
大量改变做抗争。
02:02
So, how do we assess our adaptability?
42
110014
2533
那么，我们该如何
评估自己的适应能力呢？
评估自己的适应能力呢？
02:05
I use three tricks
when meeting with founders.
when meeting with founders.
43
113419
2624
在与创业者见面时，
我会使用三种诀窍。
我会使用三种诀窍。
02:08
Here's the first.
44
116067
1389
下面是第一条。
02:09
Think back to your
most recent job interview.
most recent job interview.
45
117480
2674
回想你最近的一次工作面试经历。
02:12
What kind of questions were you asked?
46
120178
2238
你被问到了哪种问题？
02:14
Probably some variation of,
"Tell me about a time when," right?
"Tell me about a time when," right?
47
122440
4139
大概是类似于
“告诉我某个当你……时的经历，” 对吧？
“告诉我某个当你……时的经历，” 对吧？
02:19
Instead, to interview for adaptability,
48
127125
2912
取而代之，在针对适应能力的面试中，
02:22
I like to ask "what if" questions.
49
130061
2500
我喜欢询问 “如果......会怎样” 的问题。
02:24
What if your main revenue stream
were to dry up overnight?
were to dry up overnight?
50
132585
2778
如果你的主营业务收入
一夜之间蒸发了，你会怎么办？
一夜之间蒸发了，你会怎么办？
02:27
What if a heat wave prevented
every single customer
every single customer
51
135387
2389
如果热浪致使所有客户
02:29
from being able to visit your store?
52
137800
1952
都不能光顾你的店铺了，你会怎么做？
02:31
Asking "what if," instead
of asking about the past,
of asking about the past,
53
139776
3211
问询 “如果……怎么办” 而非过去，
02:35
forces the brain to simulate.
54
143011
1818
迫使我们的大脑进行模拟。
02:36
To picture multiple possible
versions of the future.
versions of the future.
55
144853
2841
来勾画出关于未来的多种可能版本。
02:39
The strength of that vision,
56
147718
1404
预见的能力，
02:41
as well as how many distinct scenarios
someone can conjure, tells me a lot.
someone can conjure, tells me a lot.
57
149146
3945
以及有多少不同的情况能被预想出来，
能告诉我很多信息。
能告诉我很多信息。
02:46
Practicing simulations
is a sort of safe testing ground
is a sort of safe testing ground
58
154175
3579
练习情景模拟对于提高适应能力来说
02:49
for improving adaptability.
59
157778
2040
是一种安全的试验场，
02:51
Instead of testing how you take in
and retain information,
and retain information,
60
159842
3976
跟测试你领会和
记住信息的能力如何，
记住信息的能力如何，
02:55
like an IQ test might,
61
163842
1762
比如智商测试不同，
02:57
it tests how you manipulate information,
62
165628
2365
它测试的是你处理信息，
03:00
given a constraint,
63
168017
1183
当被给出一些限制时，
03:01
in order to achieve a specific goal.
64
169224
1991
以达到某个特定目标的能力。
03:04
The second trick that I use
to assess adaptability in founders
to assess adaptability in founders
65
172850
3822
我用来评估创业者
适应能力的第二种方法，
适应能力的第二种方法，
03:08
is to look for signs of unlearning.
66
176696
2334
是寻找他们 “反学习” 的迹象。
03:11
Active unlearners seek to challenge
what they presume to already know,
what they presume to already know,
67
179538
4301
活跃的的反学习者力图
挑战他们默认已知的东西，
挑战他们默认已知的东西，
03:15
and instead, override that data
with new information.
with new information.
68
183863
3533
并用新信息将（旧）数据推翻，
03:19
Kind of like a computer
running a disk cleanup.
running a disk cleanup.
69
187720
2785
与格式化电脑磁盘相类似。
03:23
Take the example of Destin Sandlin,
70
191053
2103
以德斯坦·桑德林为例，
03:25
who programed his bicycle
to turn left when he steered it right
to turn left when he steered it right
71
193180
3508
他设计当将车把转向右侧时，
自行车会向左转向，
自行车会向左转向，
03:28
and vice versa.
72
196712
1365
反之亦然。
03:30
He called this his Backwards Brain Bike,
73
198101
1936
他将其称为逆脑力自行车。
03:32
and it took him nearly eight months
74
200061
1945
而仅仅为了学会
如何较为正常地骑行它，
如何较为正常地骑行它，
他就花了将近八个月。
03:34
just to learn how to ride it
kind of, sort of normally.
kind of, sort of normally.
75
202030
3000
03:37
The fact that Destin was able
to unlearn his regular bike
to unlearn his regular bike
76
205759
3151
德斯坦能反学习骑行常规自行车，
03:40
in favor of a new one, though,
77
208934
1722
以新代旧，
03:42
signals something awesome
about our adaptability.
about our adaptability.
78
210680
2526
标志着一些关于
我们的适应性的优点。
我们的适应性的优点。
03:45
It's not fixed.
79
213656
1405
它不是一成不变的。
03:47
Instead, each of us
has the capacity to improve it,
has the capacity to improve it,
80
215085
3167
相反，我们每个人都有能力
03:50
through dedication and hard work.
81
218276
2412
通过勤奋付出与不懈努力去提高它。
03:52
On the last page of Gandhi's
autobiography, he wrote,
autobiography, he wrote,
82
220712
3891
在甘地自传的最后一页，他写道，
03:56
"I must reduce myself to zero."
83
224627
2532
“我必须让自己归零。”
03:59
At many points in his very full life,
84
227903
2603
在他无比充实的一生中的很多时刻，
04:02
he was still seeking to return
to a beginner's mindset, to zero.
to a beginner's mindset, to zero.
85
230530
4277
他仍力图回归初心，归零。
04:06
To unlearn.
86
234831
1389
回归未知状态。
04:08
In this way, I think
it's pretty safe to say
it's pretty safe to say
87
236244
2833
因此，我可以很自信的说，
04:11
Gandhi had a high AQ score.
88
239101
1848
那就是甘地有着很强的适应能力。
04:12
(Laughter)
89
240973
1152
（笑声）
04:14
The third and final trick
90
242149
1309
第三条，也是最后一条
04:15
that I use to assess
a founder's adaptability
a founder's adaptability
91
243482
2667
我用来衡量创业者适应力的绝招是，
04:18
is to look for people
who infuse exploration
who infuse exploration
92
246173
2880
寻找那些将探索融入
生活和事业的人。
04:21
into their life and their business.
93
249077
2238
04:23
There's a sort of natural tension
between exploration and exploitation.
between exploration and exploitation.
94
251638
4444
在探索与开发间有一种自然张力。
04:28
And collectively,
95
256106
1254
而整体来看，
04:29
all of us tend to overvalue exploitation.
96
257384
2777
我们都倾向于过分重视开发。
04:32
Here's what I mean.
97
260185
1267
举例来说，
04:33
In the year 2000,
98
261815
1548
2000年时，
04:35
a man finagled his way
into a meeting with John Antioco,
into a meeting with John Antioco,
99
263387
3230
一个人在同約翰．安提奧，
即百视达的首席执行官开会时
即百视达的首席执行官开会时
04:38
the CEO of Blockbuster,
100
266641
1714
加入了自己的想法，
04:40
and proposed a partnership
101
268379
1571
并提议一同合作
04:41
to manage Blockbuster's
fledgling online business.
fledgling online business.
102
269974
3135
管理百视达刚成立的在线业务。
04:45
The CEO John laughed him
out of the room, saying,
out of the room, saying,
103
273133
3365
首席执行官约翰笑着
把他赶出了房间，并说，
把他赶出了房间，并说，
04:48
"I have millions of existing customers
104
276522
2057
“我拥有上百万的已有客户，
04:50
and thousands of successful retail stores.
105
278603
2381
以及成千上万个运营良好的零售店。
04:53
I really need to focus on the money."
106
281008
1961
我真正需要关注的是钱。”
04:55
The other man in the meeting, however,
107
283373
1818
而那个参会的男人，
04:57
turned out to be Reed Hastings,
the CEO of Netflix.
the CEO of Netflix.
108
285215
2888
事后得知是里德·哈斯廷斯，
网飞公司的首席执行官。
网飞公司的首席执行官。
05:00
In 2018, Netflix brought in
15.8 billion dollars,
15.8 billion dollars,
109
288683
4013
2018年，网飞公司收益158亿美元，
05:04
while Blockbuster
filed for bankruptcy in 2010,
filed for bankruptcy in 2010,
110
292720
4341
而百视达却于2010年登记破产，
05:09
directly 10 years after that meeting.
111
297085
2032
这距离那场会议，正好过去十年。
05:11
The Blockbuster CEO
112
299736
1436
百视达的首席执行官，
05:13
was too focused on exploiting
his already successful business model,
his already successful business model,
113
301196
3783
过于重视开发
他已取得成功的商业模型，
他已取得成功的商业模型，
05:17
so much so that he couldn't see
around the next corner.
around the next corner.
114
305003
2865
以至于不能看到下一个“转角“。
05:20
In that way, his previous success
115
308169
2230
这样一来，他之前的成功
05:22
became the enemy
of his adaptability potential.
of his adaptability potential.
116
310423
2799
成为了他适应性潜能的敌人。
05:25
For the founders that I work with,
117
313717
1749
对于那些我合作过的创业者来说，
05:27
I frame exploration
as a state of constant seeking.
as a state of constant seeking.
118
315490
3365
我将探索定义为
一种持续寻找的状态。
一种持续寻找的状态。
05:30
To never fall too far in love
with your wins
with your wins
119
318879
2144
永远不要过度沉溺于胜利的喜悦中，
05:33
but rather continue to proactively
seek out what might kill you next.
seek out what might kill you next.
120
321047
4177
而是继续积极地寻找那些
接下来有可能置你于死地的东西。
接下来有可能置你于死地的东西。
05:38
When I first started
exploring adaptability,
exploring adaptability,
121
326192
2437
当我第一次探索适应能力时，
05:40
the thing I found most exciting
is that we can improve it.
is that we can improve it.
122
328653
2780
我所发现的最令人兴奋的一点
是我们可以提高它。
是我们可以提高它。
05:43
Each of us has the capacity
to become more adaptable.
to become more adaptable.
123
331811
2799
我们每个人都可以成为
更具适应能力的自己。
更具适应能力的自己。
05:47
But think of it like a muscle:
124
335109
1476
可以将适应力想象成肌肉：
05:48
it's got to be exercised.
125
336609
1913
它需要经常得到锻炼，
05:50
And don't get discouraged
if it takes a while.
if it takes a while.
126
338546
2571
不要因这个过程
花费的时间太长而泄气。
花费的时间太长而泄气。
05:53
Remember Destin Sandlin?
127
341141
1593
还记得德斯坦·桑德林吗？
05:54
It took him eight months
just to learn how to ride a bike.
just to learn how to ride a bike.
128
342758
3016
他花了整整八个月的时间
才学会如何去骑车。
才学会如何去骑车。
05:57
Over time, using the tricks
that I use on founders --
that I use on founders --
129
345798
3333
日积月累，使用
我用在创业者上的方法——
我用在创业者上的方法——
06:01
asking "what if" questions,
actively unlearning
actively unlearning
130
349155
3224
多问“如何……怎么办”，
积极回归未知状态，
积极回归未知状态，
06:04
and prioritizing exploration
over exploitation
over exploitation
131
352403
3968
并将探索看得比开发更为重要，
06:08
can put you in the driver's seat --
132
356395
1690
就能将你置于主导位置——
06:10
so that the next time
something big changes,
something big changes,
133
358109
2452
以便下次重大改变发生时，
06:12
you're already prepared.
134
360585
1600
你已准备就绪。
我们正面向一个智商和情商
都远不如适应速度重要的未来。
都远不如适应速度重要的未来。
06:14
We're entering a future where IQ and EQ
135
362569
3190
06:17
both matter way less
than how fast you're able to adapt.
than how fast you're able to adapt.
136
365783
3635
06:21
So I hope that these tools
help you to raise your own AQ.
help you to raise your own AQ.
137
369442
2986
所以我希望这些工具
能帮助你提高自己的适应能力。
能帮助你提高自己的适应能力。
06:24
Thank you.
138
372982
1151
谢谢。
（掌声）
06:26
(Applause)
139
374157
3922
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Natalie Fratto - Venture investor, writerNatalie Fratto invests in underestimated startup founders and writes about how technology shapes the world around us.
Why you should listen
A Y-Combinator alum and former IBM Watson strategist, Natalie Fratto most recently led international expansion at Silicon Valley Bank. She's written for Fortune, Fast Company and Motherboard. Today, she's building Launch With GS, a $500 million initiative to invest in women-led businesses and investment managers, at Goldman Sachs in New York, NY. She tweets a lot @NatalieFratto.
Natalie Fratto | Speaker | TED.com