TED2009
Liz Coleman: A call to reinvent liberal arts education
莉兹·科尔曼论重塑博雅教育
Filmed:
Readability: 5.4
658,932 views
莉兹·科尔曼是本宁顿学院的校长，她在这个演讲里提出，要对高等教育实施激进的变革。在指出教育专业化的局限后，她提出了一个真正意义上的全人教育——这是一种真正能够融汇各个学科领域之精华，并引导学生关心社会问题的教育。
Liz Coleman - College president
Liz Coleman radically remade Bennington College in the mid-1990s, in pursuit of a new vision: higher education as a performing art. Full bio
Liz Coleman radically remade Bennington College in the mid-1990s, in pursuit of a new vision: higher education as a performing art. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
College presidents are not the first people who come to mind
0
0
4000
人们谈及创意与想象的时候
00:16
when the subject is the uses of the creative imagination.
1
4000
3000
通常最初不会想到大学校长
00:19
So I thought I'd start by telling you how I got here.
2
7000
4000
所以我想就先跟大家讲一下我自己的故事
00:23
The story begins in the late '90s.
3
11000
2000
故事始于90年代末
00:25
I was invited to meet with leading educators
4
13000
3000
我应邀与来自俄罗斯和东欧的
00:28
from the newly free Eastern Europe and Russia.
5
16000
4000
教育界精英会面
00:32
They were trying to figure out how to rebuild their universities.
6
20000
4000
他们那时正计划重建大学体系
00:36
Since education under the Soviet Union
7
24000
3000
因为在苏联统治之下
00:39
was essentially propaganda
8
27000
2000
教育基本上就是政治宣传的工具
00:41
serving the purposes of a state ideology,
9
29000
3000
传递的是一种国家意识形态
00:44
they appreciated that it would take wholesale transformations
10
32000
5000
来自苏联和东欧的教育家们意识到
00:49
if they were to provide an education
11
37000
2000
要提供对向往自由的年轻人有真正意义的教育
00:51
worthy of free men and women.
12
39000
3000
那么他们必须采取全面的改革
00:54
Given this rare opportunity
13
42000
2000
在这样难得的机遇下
00:56
to start fresh,
14
44000
2000
他们可以从头开始
00:58
they chose liberal arts
15
46000
2000
就选择了博雅教育
01:00
as the most compelling model
16
48000
2000
因为博雅教育最能够培养出
01:02
because of its historic commitment
17
50000
2000
具备丰富学识的学生，并陶冶出优秀的道德
01:04
to furthering its students' broadest intellectual,
18
52000
3000
这一点
01:07
and deepest ethical potential.
19
55000
3000
从它的历史即可看出
01:10
Having made that decision
20
58000
2000
拿定这个主意之后
01:12
they came to the United States,
21
60000
2000
他们就来到了美国
01:14
home of liberal arts education,
22
62000
2000
博雅教育之故土
01:16
to talk with some of us
23
64000
2000
来和我们谈论
01:18
most closely identified
24
66000
2000
他们知道我们是
01:20
with that kind of education.
25
68000
2000
最认同博雅教育理念的
01:22
They spoke with a passion, an urgency,
26
70000
4000
他们满腔热情、充满紧迫感
01:26
an intellectual conviction
27
74000
2000
他们深信博雅教育之于人的影响
01:28
that, for me, was a voice I had not heard in decades,
28
76000
5000
那样的声音我在过去 几十年都未曾耳闻了
01:33
a dream long forgotten.
29
81000
2000
犹如一个久已遗忘的梦
01:35
For, in truth, we had moved light years
30
83000
5000
他们受到这一理想的启发而开始行动
01:40
from the passions that animated them.
31
88000
4000
而我们则已离那理想相去一整个光年
01:44
But for me, unlike them,
32
92000
4000
但是 与他们不一样的是
01:48
in my world, the slate was not clean,
33
96000
4000
在我所处的社会里，这样一块板却
01:52
and what was written on it was not encouraging.
34
100000
4000
并不洁净，上面写满了
01:56
In truth, liberal arts education
35
104000
3000
事实上，真正意义的博雅教育
01:59
no longer exists --
36
107000
2000
已经不复存在了
02:01
at least genuine liberal arts education -- in this country.
37
109000
4000
至少在这个国家是这样的情况
02:05
We have professionalized liberal arts to the point
38
113000
3000
博雅教育走向了专业化
02:08
where they no longer provide the breadth of application
39
116000
4000
现在的博雅教育已经不能很好的鼓励学生参与
02:12
and the enhanced capacity for civic engagement
40
120000
3000
社会服务
02:15
that is their signature.
41
123000
2000
过分强调专业化就是现今博雅教育之特征
02:17
Over the past century
42
125000
2000
过去的一个世纪
02:19
the expert has dethroned the educated generalist
43
127000
4000
专家已经抢占了通才的位置
02:23
to become the sole model
44
131000
3000
成为唯一被社会认可的
02:26
of intellectual accomplishment. (Applause)
45
134000
2000
知识榜样
02:28
Expertise has for sure had its moments.
46
136000
5000
诚然，专家必不可少
02:33
But the price of its dominance is enormous.
47
141000
4000
但是，让专家成为社会向往的主流代表则必然要付出相当大的代价
02:37
Subject matters are broken up
48
145000
2000
课程门类正在分得
02:39
into smaller and smaller pieces,
49
147000
3000
越来越细
02:42
with increasing emphasis on the technical and the obscure.
50
150000
4000
关注的更多的是纯技术或偏僻的知识
02:46
We have even managed to make the study of literature arcane.
51
154000
5000
甚至于让文学也变得索然无味
02:51
You may think you know what is going on
52
159000
2000
要是你看简·奥斯丁的小说
02:53
in that Jane Austen novel --
53
161000
2000
只有当你
02:55
that is, until your first encounter
54
163000
3000
认识了后现代解构主义之后
02:58
with postmodern deconstructionism.
55
166000
3000
你才能明白为何会发生那样的事情
03:01
The progression of today's college student
56
169000
3000
今日之大学生基本上抛弃了
03:04
is to jettison every interest except one.
57
172000
5000
除去自己专业以外的其他所有功课
03:09
And within that one, to continually narrow the focus,
58
177000
4000
而在自己专业领域里 则走得越来越细
03:13
learning more and more about less and less;
59
181000
4000
上学越久 学到的却变得越来越窄
03:17
this, despite the evidence all around us
60
185000
3000
但大家环视四周可以看到
03:20
of the interconnectedness of things.
61
188000
3000
所有的知识实际上是相通的
03:23
Lest you think I exaggerate,
62
191000
3000
也许你会认为我是夸大其词
03:26
here are the beginnings of the A-B-Cs of anthropology.
63
194000
5000
那咱们先看看人类学的ABC
03:31
As one moves up the ladder,
64
199000
2000
当一个人在求学的道路上走得越来越深的时候
03:33
values other than technical competence
65
201000
2000
那些纯技能以外的价值
03:35
are viewed with increasing suspicion.
66
203000
3000
就被越来越多的人认为是不值得追求的
03:38
Questions such as,
67
206000
2000
一些像
03:40
"What kind of a world are we making?
68
208000
3000
“我们身处的是怎样一个世界”
03:43
What kind of a world should we be making?
69
211000
3000
“我们应当建设怎样一个世界”
03:46
What kind of a world can we be making?"
70
214000
3000
“我们可以建设怎样一个世界”
03:49
are treated with more and more skepticism,
71
217000
4000
这一类的问题越来越不被看重
03:53
and move off the table.
72
221000
2000
并且要被移出人们的视野
03:55
In so doing, the guardians of secular democracy
73
223000
4000
正是通过这样的方式 世俗民主的卫士们
03:59
in effect yield the connection
74
227000
4000
已经把教育所附带的教化意义
04:03
between education and values
75
231000
2000
拱手让给了
04:05
to fundamentalists,
76
233000
2000
原教旨主义者
04:07
who, you can be sure,
77
235000
2000
可以想象
04:09
have no compunctions about using education
78
237000
3000
他们不会有任何的顾虑
04:12
to further their values:
79
240000
2000
用教育来推广他们的价值
04:14
the absolutes of a theocracy.
80
242000
3000
即教权民主的价值
04:17
Meanwhile, the values and voices of democracy are silent.
81
245000
6000
与此同时，民主之价值与呼声则变得黯淡起来
04:23
Either we have lost touch with those values
82
251000
2000
不是我们失去了对于那些价值的信赖
04:25
or, no better,
83
253000
2000
或者
04:27
believe they need not
84
255000
2000
是我们不再相信它们的存在
04:29
or cannot be taught.
85
257000
2000
或者是认为那些价值是不可传授的
04:31
This aversion to social values
86
259000
2000
这种对社会价值的背离
04:33
may seem at odds with the explosion
87
261000
3000
在日益成长的社会服务项目之映照之下
04:36
of community service programs.
88
264000
2000
也许会显得很另类
04:38
But despite the attention paid to these efforts,
89
266000
3000
但是虽然我们在社会服务方面作出了不少努力
04:41
they remain emphatically extracurricular.
90
269000
4000
但他们仍然只是被当成是一种课外的实践
04:45
In effect, civic-mindedness is treated
91
273000
3000
事实上 公民参与
04:48
as outside the realm of what purports to be
92
276000
3000
不再被认为是
04:51
serious thinking and adult purposes.
93
279000
4000
批判思考与成人化的一部分
04:55
Simply put, when the impulse is to change the world,
94
283000
5000
简单的说 要是我们呼吁改变世界
05:00
the academy is more likely to engender
95
288000
2000
那么学府里更多的是会产生出一种
05:02
a learned helplessness
96
290000
3000
知识分子的无助感
05:05
than to create a sense of empowerment.
97
293000
4000
而不是体验到一种承担
05:09
This brew -- oversimplification of civic engagement,
98
297000
6000
这样一种对公民参与的简单化认识
05:15
idealization of the expert,
99
303000
2000
以及对技术专家的理想化塑造
05:17
fragmentation of knowledge,
100
305000
3000
还有碎片化的知识体系
05:20
emphasis on technical mastery,
101
308000
2000
过分强调技能之掌握
05:22
neutrality as a condition of academic integrity --
102
310000
4000
以及学术上的中立
05:26
is toxic when it comes to pursuing the vital connections
103
314000
5000
却是一剂毒素
05:31
between education and the public good,
104
319000
3000
尤其是当我们讨论教育与公共利益
05:34
between intellectual integrity
105
322000
3000
知识分子之正义与人的自由
05:37
and human freedom,
106
325000
2000
这样的话题的时候
05:39
which were at the heart --
107
327000
2000
而这正是
05:41
(Applause) -- of the challenge posed to and by
108
329000
4000
我的欧洲同行
05:45
my European colleagues.
109
333000
2000
给我提出的问题之核心
05:47
When the astronomical distance
110
335000
2000
学院之现实与社会面临的挑战
05:49
between the realities of the academy
111
337000
3000
二者之间的差异竟然如此之大
05:52
and the visionary intensity of this challenge
112
340000
3000
而这一挑战之深度
05:55
were more than enough, I can assure you,
113
343000
2000
让人不得不停下来
05:57
to give one pause,
114
345000
3000
进行反思
06:00
what was happening outside higher education
115
348000
3000
而发生在学院以外的一切，向我们发出这样的声音
06:03
made backing off unthinkable.
116
351000
3000
退缩是不可能的
06:06
Whether it was threats to the environment,
117
354000
3000
不管是环境面临的危害
06:09
inequities in the distribution of wealth,
118
357000
3000
财富分配之极不均衡
06:12
lack of a sane policy or a sustainable policy
119
360000
3000
在能源使用方面
06:15
with respect to the continuing uses of energy,
120
363000
4000
缺乏理性或可持续的政策
06:19
we were in desperate straits.
121
367000
2000
我们都已处于深刻的危机中了
06:21
And that was only the beginning.
122
369000
3000
而这还仅仅是开始
06:24
The corrupting of our political life
123
372000
2000
我们的政治是如此的腐败
06:26
had become a living nightmare;
124
374000
2000
业已为我们带来了巨大的梦魇
06:28
nothing was exempt --
125
376000
3000
没有任何东西能够逃脱
06:31
separation of powers, civil liberties,
126
379000
3000
分权、公民自由
06:34
the rule of law,
127
382000
2000
法治
06:36
the relationship of church and state.
128
384000
2000
教会与政府间关系
06:38
Accompanied by a squandering
129
386000
2000
再有就是对国家财富的
06:40
of the nation's material wealth
130
388000
3000
无所顾忌的滥用
06:43
that defied credulity.
131
391000
2000
诚信已得不到他们的认同
06:45
A harrowing predilection for the uses of force
132
393000
3000
我们正变得愈发喜欢使用暴力
06:48
had become commonplace,
133
396000
2000
并将此视为常规
06:50
with an equal distaste
134
398000
2000
而对于其他的解决问题的方式
06:52
for the alternative forms of influence.
135
400000
3000
我们则不置考虑
06:55
At the same time, all of our firepower was impotent
136
403000
5000
对于阻止或避免在卢旺达、达尔富尔以及缅甸发生的屠杀
07:00
when it came to halting or even stemming
137
408000
3000
我们虽然有强大的军队
07:03
the slaughter in Rwanda, Darfur, Myanmar.
138
411000
5000
却同样无能为力
07:08
Our public education, once a model for the world,
139
416000
4000
我们的公共教育体制，曾经是全世界效仿的榜样
07:12
has become most noteworthy
140
420000
2000
如今则成为了
07:14
for its failures.
141
422000
2000
失败的符号
07:16
Mastery of basic skills and a bare minimum of cultural literacy
142
424000
4000
我们有很多的学生 他们对于基本技能也缺乏掌握
07:20
eludes vast numbers of our students.
143
428000
4000
对最基本的文化常识也没有了解
07:24
Despite having a research establishment
144
432000
2000
尽管我们的研究机构
07:26
that is the envy of the world,
145
434000
2000
是世界一流的
07:28
more than half of the American public
146
436000
2000
美国半数以上的观众
07:30
don't believe in evolution.
147
438000
2000
连进化论也不认同
07:32
And don't press your luck
148
440000
2000
而那些口头上说他们相信的
07:34
about how much those who do believe in it
149
442000
2000
也并非
07:36
actually understand it.
150
444000
3000
真正理解这一理论
07:39
Incredibly, this nation,
151
447000
3000
让人惊愕的是
07:42
with all its material, intellectual and spiritual resources,
152
450000
6000
尽管他的物质生活、知识生活以及精神资源
07:48
seems utterly helpless
153
456000
2000
但是
07:50
to reverse the freefall in any of these areas.
154
458000
5000
在其他领域 他们则明显落后
07:55
Equally startling, from my point of view,
155
463000
3000
同样让我感到惊讶的是
07:58
is the fact that no one
156
466000
2000
居然没有人
08:00
was drawing any connections
157
468000
2000
想象得到
08:02
between what is happening to the body politic,
158
470000
3000
那发生在庙堂上的闹剧
08:05
and what is happening in our leading educational institutions.
159
473000
4000
本质上是与我们一流的教育机构有关联的
08:09
We may be at the top of the list
160
477000
3000
当谈到个人创富的时候
08:12
when it comes to influencing access to personal wealth.
161
480000
4000
我们的学校也许排在前列
08:16
We are not even on the list
162
484000
2000
但是要谈到我们对民主的责任
08:18
when it comes to our responsibility
163
486000
3000
那么我们甚至
08:21
for the health of this democracy.
164
489000
2000
还没有排到表上呢
08:23
We are playing with fire.
165
491000
3000
我们是在玩火
08:26
You can be sure Jefferson knew
166
494000
2000
大家应该明白杰弗孙
08:28
what he was talking about when he said,
167
496000
2000
讲下面这番话的意思
08:30
"If a nation expects to be ignorant and free
168
498000
4000
假如一个国家是文明国家
08:34
in a state of civilization,
169
502000
2000
但同时又是无知而自由的
08:36
it expects what never was,
170
504000
2000
那么她不会继承什么
08:38
and never will be."
171
506000
3000
也不会创建什么
08:41
(Applause)
172
509000
2000
（掌声）
08:43
On a more personal note,
173
511000
2000
从个人的观点来看
08:45
this betrayal of our principles,
174
513000
2000
这样的对于原则、
08:47
our decency, our hope,
175
515000
2000
尊严以及希望的破坏
08:49
made it impossible for me
176
517000
2000
使得我不得不面对
08:51
to avoid the question,
177
519000
3000
这个问题
08:54
"What will I say, years from now,
178
522000
2000
若干年之后
08:56
when people ask, 'Where were you?'"
179
524000
4000
人们问我，”你那时候在干嘛？"
09:00
As president of a leading liberal arts college,
180
528000
2000
作为一所私立的文理学校
09:02
famous for its innovative history,
181
530000
3000
因为美国人向来是同样做这样的事情的
09:05
there were no excuses.
182
533000
2000
因而我没有任何的推辞
09:07
So the conversation began at Bennington.
183
535000
3000
于是我们从本宁顿开始有对话
09:10
Knowing that if we were to regain
184
538000
2000
我们要是想
09:12
the integrity of liberal education,
185
540000
2000
保持人文教育的真实内核
09:14
it would take radical rethinking
186
542000
2000
就需要彻底不一样的方法
09:16
of basic assumptions,
187
544000
2000
以及假设
09:18
beginning with our priorities.
188
546000
3000
从我们最重要的几点开始
09:21
Enhancing the public good becomes a primary objective.
189
549000
4000
参与公共服务成为一个重要的话题
09:25
The accomplishment of civic virtue
190
553000
2000
公民道德之形成，必然要与
09:27
is tied to the uses of intellect and imagination
191
555000
4000
学生的知识与想象力相结合
09:31
at their most challenging.
192
559000
2000
去接受一些最重要的挑战
09:33
Our ways of approaching agency and authority
193
561000
4000
面对政府
09:37
turn inside out to reflect the reality
194
565000
4000
我们看到
09:41
that no one has the answers
195
569000
3000
没有人能够找到一个万全的方案
09:44
to the challenges facing citizens in this century,
196
572000
3000
去解决本世纪我们遇到的诸多问题
09:47
and everyone has the responsibility
197
575000
4000
每个人都有责任
09:51
for trying and participating in finding them.
198
579000
4000
去尝试发现他们
09:55
Bennington would continue to teach the arts and sciences
199
583000
3000
本宁顿仍将教授艺术以及科学课程
09:58
as areas of immersion that acknowledge differences
200
586000
3000
这是基础性课程
10:01
in personal and professional objectives.
201
589000
3000
它将充分照顾学生个人及其职业发展需求
10:04
But the balances redressed,
202
592000
2000
但是，我们会在课程的轻重上作出调整
10:06
our shared purposes assume an equal
203
594000
3000
我们至少要把更多精力放到有共同的目标的方向上
10:09
if not greater importance.
204
597000
2000
甚或是将其放到比基础性课程更为重要的地位
10:11
When the design emerged it was surprisingly simple and straightforward.
205
599000
5000
我们提出的设计方案非常简单
10:16
The idea is to make the political-social challenges themselves --
206
604000
4000
那就是模拟出这样的带挑战
10:20
from health and education
207
608000
2000
包括健康、教育
10:22
to the uses of force --
208
610000
2000
军备使用
10:24
the organizers of the curriculum.
209
612000
3000
将这些交与教务
10:27
They would assume the commanding role of traditional disciplines.
210
615000
3000
学生仍将体会到原有课程之意义
10:30
But structures designed to connect, rather than divide
211
618000
5000
但是新的架构是鼓励连接，而非隔离的
10:35
mutually dependent circles,
212
623000
2000
是相互支持的环
10:37
rather than isolating triangles.
213
625000
3000
而不是相互断绝的结点
10:40
And the point is not to treat these topics
214
628000
3000
我的意思是
10:43
as topics of study,
215
631000
2000
不要将上述话题纯学术化
10:45
but as frameworks of action.
216
633000
2000
这是一个社区行动框架
10:47
The challenge: to figure out what it will take
217
635000
4000
整个地图在这里
10:51
to actually do something
218
639000
2000
我们需要做点实事
10:53
that makes a significant and sustainable difference.
219
641000
4000
这样才能带出重要而持久的影响
10:57
Contrary to widely held assumptions,
220
645000
3000
跟很多人想象中不一样的是
11:00
an emphasis on action provides a special urgency to thinking.
221
648000
5000
我们强调行动，事实上也迫使学生学会思考
11:05
The importance of coming to grips with values like justice,
222
653000
5000
去思考法治的意义
11:10
equity, truth,
223
658000
2000
公正、真相
11:12
becomes increasingly evident
224
660000
2000
正变得越来越明显
11:14
as students discover that interest alone
225
662000
4000
因为学生发现了
11:18
cannot tell them what they need to know
226
666000
3000
自身学到的知识与他们应该学到的知识之间的差距
11:21
when the issue is rethinking education,
227
669000
3000
说到重新思考教育
11:24
our approach to health,
228
672000
2000
我们的健康政策
11:26
or strategies for achieving
229
674000
2000
或者是关于建筑的政策
11:28
an economics of equity.
230
676000
2000
公平的政策
11:30
The value of the past also comes alive;
231
678000
4000
还有过往的历史
11:34
it provides a lot of company.
232
682000
2000
因为历史是我们认识世界的良师益友
11:36
You are not the first to try to figure this out,
233
684000
3000
我们不是走这一道路的第一人
11:39
just as you are unlikely to be the last.
234
687000
3000
也不会是最后一人
11:42
Even more valuable,
235
690000
2000
更为重要的是
11:44
history provides a laboratory
236
692000
2000
历史可以成为一个实验室
11:46
in which we see played out
237
694000
3000
我们可以从中看出
11:49
the actual, as well as the intended
238
697000
3000
那些实际发生了
11:52
consequences of ideas.
239
700000
3000
以及未曾发生的过程
11:55
In the language of my students,
240
703000
2000
用我的学生的话来讲
11:57
"Deep thought matters
241
705000
2000
深度思考是非常有必要的
11:59
when you're contemplating what to do
242
707000
2000
尤其是当你在考虑做一些
12:01
about things that matter."
243
709000
3000
正经事的时候
12:04
A new liberal arts that can support this
244
712000
2000
一个能够支持服务学习为主导的
12:06
action-oriented curriculum
245
714000
2000
新型的博雅教育体系
12:08
has begun to emerge.
246
716000
2000
已经在形成
12:10
Rhetoric, the art of organizing the world of words
247
718000
4000
修辞学
12:14
to maximum effect.
248
722000
2000
亦即组织言辞，使之发挥最大效用的艺术
12:16
Design, the art of organizing the world of things.
249
724000
5000
包括设计 即整理世界万物之艺术
12:21
Mediation and improvisation
250
729000
2000
沉思以及即兴表演
12:23
also assume a special place in this new pantheon.
251
731000
5000
在这一新的架构之下也能体现其存在
12:28
Quantitative reasoning attains its proper position
252
736000
3000
让可量化的论证重新恢复其合理的地位
12:31
at the heart of what it takes to manage change
253
739000
4000
大凡需要通过测量才能得出结果并带来改变的地方
12:35
where measurement is crucial.
254
743000
2000
我们都需要专业的测量
12:37
As is a capacity to discriminate
255
745000
3000
还有就是明确的分辨出
12:40
systematically between what is at the core
256
748000
3000
何为核心、何为边际
12:43
and what is at the periphery.
257
751000
2000
并且是以一种全局的眼光来看待
12:45
And when making connections is of the essence,
258
753000
3000
接触融入社会是关键
12:48
the power of technology emerges with special intensity.
259
756000
5000
科技之力量因为社会关注而显得更大
12:53
But so does the importance of content.
260
761000
3000
同样重要的是内容本身
12:56
The more powerful our reach,
261
764000
2000
我们的触角伸展得越广
12:58
the more important the question "About what?"
262
766000
4000
关于“做什么”这样的话题就显得更加迫切
13:02
When improvisation, resourcefulness, imagination are key,
263
770000
4000
即兴表演、多才多艺以及想象力成为关键时
13:06
artists, at long last,
264
774000
3000
艺术家最终还是能够
13:09
take their place at the table,
265
777000
2000
重新确立他们的位置
13:11
when strategies of action are in the process of being designed.
266
779000
6000
当我们设计行动之方略时
13:17
In this dramatically expanded ideal
267
785000
2000
我们想到的是这样一个扩展意义的
13:19
of a liberal arts education
268
787000
2000
博雅教育
13:21
where the continuum of thought and action is its life's blood,
269
789000
4000
思想以及行动乃博雅教育生命之源
13:25
knowledge honed outside the academy
270
793000
3000
学院以外的学到的知识
13:28
becomes essential.
271
796000
2000
也会变得越来越重要
13:30
Social activists, business leaders,
272
798000
3000
行动者、商业领袖
13:33
lawyers, politicians, professionals
273
801000
2000
律师、政治家以及其他专业人士
13:35
will join the faculty as active and ongoing participants
274
803000
5000
将与我们的教员走到一起
13:40
in this wedding of liberal education to the advancement of the public good.
275
808000
4000
共同为实现博雅教育服务社会的理想而努力
13:44
Students, in turn, continuously move outside the classroom
276
812000
5000
学生则需要经常走出课堂
13:49
to engage the world directly.
277
817000
3000
直接参与到社会中去
13:52
And of course, this new wine
278
820000
3000
可以肯定的是，这样一瓶新酒
13:55
needs new bottles
279
823000
2000
需要有新的酒瓶
13:57
if we are to capture the liveliness and dynamism
280
825000
4000
假如我们真的要把握博雅教育
14:01
of this idea.
281
829000
2000
之活力与精髓的话
14:03
The most important discovery we made
282
831000
2000
我们的一个最大的发现是
14:05
in our focus on public action
283
833000
3000
在公共行动上
14:08
was to appreciate that the hard choices
284
836000
3000
最困难的选择不在于
14:11
are not between good and evil,
285
839000
3000
善与恶
14:14
but between competing goods.
286
842000
3000
而在于相互竞争的善举之间
14:17
This discovery is transforming.
287
845000
3000
这样的发现带来了洗心革面式的转变
14:20
It undercuts self-righteousness,
288
848000
2000
它彻底改变了人们的自我满足的感觉
14:22
radically alters the tone and character of controversy,
289
850000
4000
彻底改变了我们关于纠纷之定义
14:26
and enriches dramatically
290
854000
2000
也为我们带来了更多的可能性
14:28
the possibilities for finding common ground.
291
856000
3000
去找寻到我们共同的未来
14:31
Ideology, zealotry,
292
859000
2000
意识形态、固执自我
14:33
unsubstantiated opinions simply won't do.
293
861000
5000
无根据的观点，这些都不可能持久
14:38
This is a political education, to be sure.
294
866000
4000
可以肯定的是 这是一种强调参与的政治
14:42
But it is a politics of principle,
295
870000
3000
讲的是原则
14:45
not of partisanship.
296
873000
2000
而不是多党对抗
14:47
So the challenge for Bennington is to do it.
297
875000
3000
本宁顿的任务就是推行这样的做法
14:50
On the cover of Bennington's 2008 holiday card
298
878000
4000
本宁顿2008年的假日贺卡上
14:54
is the architect's sketch of a building
299
882000
2000
画的是一位建筑师对一座
14:56
opening in 2010
300
884000
2000
即将于2010年投入使用的建筑的草图
14:58
that is to be a center for the advancement
301
886000
2000
那将会是
15:00
of public action.
302
888000
2000
“社会行动推广中心”
15:02
The center will embody and sustain this new educational commitment.
303
890000
5000
该中心将体现并发扬这种新的教育信念
15:07
Think of it as a kind of secular church.
304
895000
3000
不妨将此视作非信徒的教堂
15:10
The words on the card describe what will happen inside.
305
898000
4000
卡片上的话语描述了即将在里面发生的一切
15:14
We intend to turn the intellectual
306
902000
2000
我们打算
15:16
and imaginative power, passion and boldness
307
904000
3000
把学生、教员和员工的智力、想象力、
15:19
of our students, faculty and staff
308
907000
4000
热情以及果敢
15:23
to developing strategies
309
911000
2000
用于设计行动的方略
15:25
for acting on the critical challenges of our time.
310
913000
4000
应对我们这个时代最棘手的难题
15:29
So we are doing our job.
311
917000
3000
我们已经在行动了
15:32
While these past weeks have been a time
312
920000
2000
虽说过去几周 我们的国家
15:34
of national exhilaration in this country,
313
922000
3000
一片欢喜
15:37
it would be tragic if you thought this meant
314
925000
3000
但假如你认为任务已经完成
15:40
your job was done.
315
928000
2000
那就确实是不可饶恕了
15:42
The glacial silence we have experienced
316
930000
3000
我们听到的是冰封一般的沉默
15:45
in the face of the shredding of the constitution,
317
933000
3000
虽然我们面临着宪法之撕毁
15:48
the unraveling of our public institutions,
318
936000
3000
公共机构之无能
15:51
the deterioration of our infrastructure
319
939000
2000
特别是在我们的照片希望用图像来表达的时候
15:53
is not limited to the universities.
320
941000
2000
图像意义已不在于图像本身
15:55
We the people
321
943000
2000
我们大家
15:57
have become inured to our own irrelevance
322
945000
4000
请到了
16:01
when it comes to doing anything significant
323
949000
2000
要是我们想做点真正可以带来改变的事情
16:03
about anything that matters
324
951000
2000
不管是何种程度的改变
16:05
concerning governance,
325
953000
2000
均要使得我们的政府也有所触动
16:07
beyond waiting another four years.
326
955000
3000
而不能再等四年了
16:10
We persist also
327
958000
3000
我们同样坚持
16:13
in being sidelined by the idea of the expert
328
961000
3000
专家并非唯一
16:16
as the only one capable of coming up with answers,
329
964000
3000
能够说出正确答案的人
16:19
despite the overwhelming evidence to the contrary.
330
967000
5000
虽然大量的事实似乎印证了此一观点
16:24
The problem is there is no such thing
331
972000
5000
但事实并非如此
16:29
as a viable democracy made up of experts,
332
977000
4000
没有一个好的民主完全是由专家
16:33
zealots, politicians and spectators.
333
981000
4000
狂热支持者、政治家以及看客组成的
16:37
(Applause)
334
985000
7000
（鼓掌）
16:44
People will continue and should continue
335
992000
2000
人们将会继续 并且应当继续
16:46
to learn everything there is to know about something or other.
336
994000
3000
去学习各种值得我们追求的新知识
16:49
We actually do it all the time.
337
997000
3000
我们事实上也一直都在这么做
16:52
And there will be and should be
338
1000000
2000
也会有人 并且应该鼓励一部分人
16:54
those who spend a lifetime
339
1002000
2000
去花毕生之精力
16:56
pursuing a very highly defined area of inquiry.
340
1004000
4000
追求某一领域的最高学问
17:00
But this single-mindedness will not yield
341
1008000
3000
但是这样的追求并不能帮助人的心智
17:03
the flexibilities of mind,
342
1011000
2000
走向灵活
17:05
the multiplicity of perspectives,
343
1013000
3000
走向多元认知
17:08
the capacities for collaboration and innovation
344
1016000
3000
走向合作与创新
17:11
this country needs.
345
1019000
2000
而这恰恰是我们这个国家最需要的
17:13
That is where you come in.
346
1021000
2000
这就是你们参与的时刻
17:15
What is certain is that the individual talent
347
1023000
4000
有一点可以肯定
17:19
exhibited in such abundance here,
348
1027000
3000
活跃于此间的聪明才智
17:22
needs to turn its attention
349
1030000
3000
需要将其注意力
17:25
to that collaborative, messy, frustrating,
350
1033000
4000
更多的转移到对政治以及公共政策之讨论中来
17:29
contentious and impossible world
351
1037000
3000
合作、争吵、困惑、斗争与不可能
17:32
of politics and public policy.
352
1040000
2000
这就是这一行动之特征
17:34
President Obama and his team
353
1042000
3000
单靠奥巴马和他的团队
17:37
simply cannot do it alone.
354
1045000
3000
是不可能完成这样的使命的
17:40
If the question of where to start seems overwhelming
355
1048000
4000
假如你觉得不知何从入手
17:44
you are at the beginning, not the end of this adventure.
356
1052000
3000
那么你已经迈出了第一步 却远非最后一步
17:47
Being overwhelmed is the first step
357
1055000
3000
看到路途之艰辛而感到力不从心 这是第一步
17:50
if you are serious about trying to get at things that really matter,
358
1058000
4000
假如你真的要去解决一些真正有意义的问题
17:54
on a scale that makes a difference.
359
1062000
3000
并且要产生大的影响 就需要这么做
17:57
So what do you do when you feel overwhelmed?
360
1065000
3000
好了 看到问题 心中有想法 却力不从心 怎么办
18:00
Well, you have two things.
361
1068000
3000
你需要两样东西
18:03
You have a mind. And you have other people.
362
1071000
3000
其一你有这颗心 其二别人也会与你同行
18:06
Start with those, and change the world.
363
1074000
5000
与志同道合的人走到一起 我们就能改变世界
18:11
(Applause)
364
1079000
3000
（全场鼓掌）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Liz Coleman - College presidentLiz Coleman radically remade Bennington College in the mid-1990s, in pursuit of a new vision: higher education as a performing art.
Why you should listen
If you followed higher education news in the 1990s, you have an opinion on Liz Coleman. The president of what was once the most expensive college in America, Coleman made a radical, controversial plan to snap the college out of a budget and mission slump -- by ending the tenure system, abolishing academic divisions and yes, firing a lot of professors. It was not a period without drama. But fifteen years on, it appears that the move has paid off. Bennington's emphasis on cross-disciplinary, hands-on learning has attracted capacity classes to the small college, and has built a vibrant environment for a new kind of learning.
Coleman's idea is that higher education is an active pursuit -- a performing art. Her vision calls for lots of one-on-one interactions between professor and student, deep engagement with primary sources, highly individual majors, and the destruction of the traditional academic department. It's a lofty goal that takes plenty of hard work to keep on course.
Liz Coleman | Speaker | TED.com