TEDNYC
Drew Philp: My $500 house in Detroit -- and the neighbors who helped me rebuild it
德魯 ‧ 菲利普: 我在底特律的五百元房子和協助我重建的鄰居
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2009 年，記者兼編劇德魯菲利普用 $500 在底特律買了一間損壞的房子。在後續幾年，他清理內部和房中塞滿的一大堆垃圾。他不只學到如何修復房子，還有如何建立社區。這是場獻給他所愛的城市的演說，在演說中，菲利普告訴我們「積極的睦鄰」是什麼，以及證明我們有「可以同心協力創造新世界的力量，在政府拒絕的時候，我們可以自己動手。」
Drew Philp - Journalist, screenwriter
Drew Philp is the author of "A $500 House in Detroit: Rebuilding an Abandoned Home and an American City," a memoir of rebuilding a former abandoned home while finding his place in his city, country, race and generation. Full bio
Drew Philp is the author of "A $500 House in Detroit: Rebuilding an Abandoned Home and an American City," a memoir of rebuilding a former abandoned home while finding his place in his city, country, race and generation. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
In 2009, I bought a house
in Detroit for 500 dollars.
in Detroit for 500 dollars.
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2009 年，我在底特律買了
一間房子，價格是 500 美元。
一間房子，價格是 500 美元。
00:17
It had no windows,
no plumbing, no electricity
no plumbing, no electricity
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這間房子沒有窗戶、
沒有抽水馬桶、沒有電力，
沒有抽水馬桶、沒有電力，
00:21
and it was filled with trash.
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裡面還滿是垃圾。
00:24
The first floor held nearly
10,000 pounds of garbage,
10,000 pounds of garbage,
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一樓就有近 4500 公斤的垃圾，
00:28
and that included the better part
of a Dodge Caravan,
of a Dodge Caravan,
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其中包括一輛道奇
Caravan 比較好的部分，
Caravan 比較好的部分，
00:31
cut into chunks with a reciprocating saw.
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但它被電鋸分割成了數塊。
00:33
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
00:34
I lived nearly two years without heat,
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我住了近兩年沒暖氣，
00:36
woke up out of a dead sleep
multiple times to gunshots,
multiple times to gunshots,
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多次在沉睡中被槍聲驚醒，
00:40
was attacked by a pack of wild dogs
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被野狗群攻擊，
00:44
and ripped my kitchen cabinets
from an abandoned school
from an abandoned school
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我的櫥櫃是從一間廢棄學校拿來的，
00:48
as they were actively tearing
that school down.
that school down.
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當時他們正積極地拆除學校。
00:52
This, of course, is the Detroit
that your hear about.
that your hear about.
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當然，這是你們聽說的底特律。
00:55
Make no mistake, it's real.
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沒有錯，這是真的。
00:58
But there's another Detroit, too.
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但也還有另一個底特律。
01:00
Another Detroit that's more hopeful,
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那個底特律更有希望、
01:02
more innovative,
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更創新，
01:04
and may just provide some of the answers
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或可提供一些答案
01:06
to cities struggling to reinvent
themselves everywhere.
themselves everywhere.
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給各地正在努力自我改造的城市。。
01:10
These answers, however, do not
necessarily adhere to conventional wisdom
necessarily adhere to conventional wisdom
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然而，這些答案不見得會
符合大家對於
符合大家對於
「好的開發」的傳統認知。
01:14
about good development.
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01:17
I think Detroit's real strength
boils down to two words:
boils down to two words:
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我認為底特律的優點
可以歸結為五個字：
可以歸結為五個字：
01:21
radical neighborliness.
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積極的睦鄰。
01:24
And I wasn't able to see it myself
until I lived there.
until I lived there.
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而在我住到那裡之前，
我都無法看見這一點。
我都無法看見這一點。
01:28
About a decade ago,
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大約在 10 年前，
01:29
I moved to Detroit with no friends,
no job and no money,
no job and no money,
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我搬到底特律，沒有朋友、
沒有工作、沒有錢，
沒有工作、沒有錢，
01:33
at a time when it seemed
like everyone else was moving out.
like everyone else was moving out.
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那個時候，似乎所有人
都在搬出底特律。
都在搬出底特律。
01:36
Between 2000 and 2010,
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2000 至 2010 年間，
01:39
25 percent of the city's population left.
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全市人口有 25 % 離開了。
01:42
This included about half
of the elementary-aged children.
of the elementary-aged children.
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其中約包括一半的小學年紀的學童。
01:46
This was after six decades of decline.
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這發生在長達 60 年的衰退之後。
01:48
A city built for almost two million
was down to less than 800,000.
was down to less than 800,000.
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這座城市是為了容納 200 萬人
建造，現在卻只剩下 80 萬人。
建造，現在卻只剩下 80 萬人。
01:54
What you usually don't hear
is that people didn't go very far.
is that people didn't go very far.
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我們通常不會聽到的是，
大家並沒有走遠。
大家並沒有走遠。
01:58
The population of the Detroit
metro area itself
metro area itself
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底特律市區本身的人口
02:02
has largely remained steady
since the '70s.
since the '70s.
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在 70 年代之後就大致上穩定了。
02:05
Most people who left Detroit
just went to the suburbs,
just went to the suburbs,
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大部分離開底特律的人
只是搬到近郊去，
只是搬到近郊去，
02:08
while the 139 square miles
of the city deteriorated,
of the city deteriorated,
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但城市有 22 萬平方公尺的
面積都惡化了，
面積都惡化了，
02:12
leaving some estimates as high
as 40 square miles of abandoned land --
as 40 square miles of abandoned land --
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估計約有高達 6 萬平公尺
的廢棄土地，
的廢棄土地，
02:17
about the size of San Francisco.
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這大約是舊金山市的大小。
02:21
Aside from platitudes such as the vague
and agentless "deindustrialization,"
and agentless "deindustrialization,"
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除了模糊且不負責任的
「反工業化」陳詞濫調，
「反工業化」陳詞濫調，
02:25
Detroit's exodus can be summed up
with two structures:
with two structures:
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底特律大量的人口外移
可以用兩種結構來總結：
可以用兩種結構來總結：
02:28
freeways and walls.
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高速公路和牆壁。
02:31
The freeways,
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高速公路，
02:32
coupled with massive
governmental subsidies
governmental subsidies
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透過基礎建設和家庭貸款，
02:35
for the suburbs via
infrastructure and home loans,
infrastructure and home loans,
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和政府對近郊的大量補助綁在一起，
讓大家能夠自由地離開城市，
02:39
allowed people to leave the city at will,
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把稅金、工作和教育基金一起帶走。
02:41
taking with it tax base,
jobs and education dollars.
jobs and education dollars.
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02:46
The walls made sure
only certain people could leave.
only certain people could leave.
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牆壁則是確保只有某些人能夠離開，
02:50
In multiple places,
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在許多地方，
磗頭和水泥牆阻隔了城市與近郊，
02:51
brick and concrete walls
separate city and suburbs,
separate city and suburbs,
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02:55
white and black,
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黑人與白人，
02:56
running directly across municipal streets
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跨越過城市的街道、
02:58
and through neighborhoods.
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穿過社區。
03:00
They're mere physical manifestations
of racist housing practices
of racist housing practices
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它們是種族主義的真實呈現，
03:04
such as redlining,
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比如畫紅線、
【拒絕提供服務、房貸給有色人種】
【拒絕提供服務、房貸給有色人種】
03:05
[Denying services to people of color]
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限制契約 【屋主、建商和市政組織
達成共識，拒絕賣房給有色人種】
達成共識，拒絕賣房給有色人種】
03:07
restrictive covenants
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03:09
and outright terror.
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和徹頭徹尾的恐怖。
【炸彈攻擊、縱火和謀殺】
【炸彈攻擊、縱火和謀殺】
03:11
In 1971, the Ku Klux Klan
bombed 10 school buses
bombed 10 school buses
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1971 年，3Ｋ黨炸了十台校車，
只因為學生沒有實行種族隔離，
03:15
rather than have them transport
integrated students.
integrated students.
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03:19
All these have made Detroit
the most racially segregated metro area
the most racially segregated metro area
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這一切讓底特律成為全美
種族主義最興盛的都市。
種族主義最興盛的都市。
03:23
in the United States.
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03:26
I grew up in a small town in Michigan,
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我在密西根的一個小鎮長大，
03:28
the son of a relatively
blue-collar family.
blue-collar family.
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我的家庭屬於藍領階層。
03:31
And after university,
I wanted to do something --
I wanted to do something --
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大學畢業後，我想要做點什麼──
03:33
probably naïvely --
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可能很天真──
03:35
to help.
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我想協助。
03:36
I didn't want to be one of the almost
50 percent of college graduates
50 percent of college graduates
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當時有近 50% 的大學生
畢業後選擇到其他州發展，
畢業後選擇到其他州發展，
03:40
leaving the state at the time,
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我不想要成為其中之一，
03:42
and I thought I might use
my fancy college education at home
my fancy college education at home
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我想我可以用得來不易的大學教育
03:45
for something positive.
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在家鄉做些正面的事。
03:47
I'd been reading this great
American philosopher named Grace Lee Boggs
American philosopher named Grace Lee Boggs
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我一直在閱讀偉大的美國哲學家
葛莉絲 ‧ 李 ‧ 博格斯的作品，
03:51
who happened to live in Detroit,
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她剛好住在底特律，
03:53
and she said something I can't forget.
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她說了一段話讓我永遠無法忘懷，
03:56
"The most radical thing
that I ever did was to stay put."
that I ever did was to stay put."
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「我所做過最激進的事情，
就是維持現狀。」
就是維持現狀。」
04:02
I thought buying a house might
indelibly tie me to the city
indelibly tie me to the city
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我心想，買一間房子可能會
讓我不得不與這城市有所連結，
讓我不得不與這城市有所連結，
04:06
while acting as a physical protest
to these walls and freeways.
to these walls and freeways.
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於此同時我也實際地向
這些牆壁和高速公路抗議。
這些牆壁和高速公路抗議。
04:10
Because grants and loans
weren't available to everyone,
weren't available to everyone,
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因為補助金和貸款並非人人可得，
04:12
I decided I was going
to do this without them
to do this without them
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我決定不用它們來買房子，
04:15
and that I would wage my personal fight
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我要展開一場個人的戰鬥，
04:16
against the city that had loomed
over my childhood with power tools.
over my childhood with power tools.
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對抗這個使用權力工具
讓我的童年籠罩在陰霾的城市。
讓我的童年籠罩在陰霾的城市。
04:21
I eventually found an abandoned house
in a neighborhood called Poletown.
in a neighborhood called Poletown.
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我終於在一個叫做波爾鎮的社區
找到了一間廢棄的房子。
找到了一間廢棄的房子。
04:25
It looked like the apocalypse
had descended.
had descended.
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波爾鎮看起來好像是
世界末日降臨似的。
世界末日降臨似的。
04:28
The neighborhood was prairie land.
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這附近是草原土地。
04:30
A huge, open expanse of waist-high grass
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一大片開闊、雜草及腰的草地上，
04:33
cluttered only by a handful
of crippled, abandoned structures
of crippled, abandoned structures
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只有少數殘缺的廢棄建築物
04:36
and a few brave holdouts
with well-kept homes.
with well-kept homes.
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和幾間保存完好的房屋勇敢挺立著。
04:40
Just a 15-minute bike ride
from the baseball stadium downtown,
from the baseball stadium downtown,
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儘管騎腳踏車到鬧區的
棒球場只要 15 分鐘，
棒球場只要 15 分鐘，
04:45
the neighborhood was positively rural.
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這區全然和鄉下一樣。
04:48
What houses were left looked like
cardboard boxes left in the rain;
cardboard boxes left in the rain;
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剩下的房屋看起來
像雨中殘留的紙箱。
像雨中殘留的紙箱。
04:52
two-story monstrosities
with wide-open shells
with wide-open shells
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兩層樓高的怪物，屋殼大開、
04:55
and melted porches.
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門廊傾頹倒塌。
04:57
One of the most striking things
I remember were the rosebushes,
I remember were the rosebushes,
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我所記得最震撼的東西之一
就是薔薇花叢，
就是薔薇花叢，
05:00
forgotten and running wild
over tumbled-down fences,
over tumbled-down fences,
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它們被遺忘，無節制地生長，
爬過殘破不堪的籬笆，
爬過殘破不堪的籬笆，
05:04
no longer cared for by anyone.
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不再有任何人在乎。
05:07
This was my house on the day
I boarded it up
I boarded it up
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這是我初登家門的那一天，
05:10
to protect it from the elements
and further decay.
and further decay.
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我去保護它不進一步朽爛。
05:13
I eventually purchased it
from the county in a live auction.
from the county in a live auction.
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我最終在一場拍賣會上
向政府買下了它。
向政府買下了它。
05:16
I'd assumed the neighborhood was dead.
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我假定這個小區已死，
05:18
That I was some kind of pioneer.
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我算是某種先鋒。
05:22
Well, I couldn't have been more wrong.
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然而我錯到不能再錯了，
05:24
I was in no way a pioneer,
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我完全不是先鋒者，
05:26
and would come to understand
how offensive that is.
how offensive that is.
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且我漸漸了解到那樣的
想法有多麼冒犯。
想法有多麼冒犯。
05:29
One of the first things I learned
was to add my voice to the chorus,
was to add my voice to the chorus,
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我最先學到的幾件事之一，
是要把我的聲音加到合唱團裡，
是要把我的聲音加到合唱團裡，
05:33
not overwrite what was already happening.
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而不是把已發生的事情重寫。
05:36
(Voice breaking) Because
the neighborhood hadn't died.
the neighborhood hadn't died.
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（聲音斷續）因為這個小區還沒死。
它只是變樣了，而它轉變的方式，
05:38
It had just transformed in a way
that was difficult to see
that was difficult to see
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若不是住在那裡是很難看見的。
05:41
if you didn't live there.
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05:43
Poletown was home
to an incredibly resourceful,
to an incredibly resourceful,
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波爾鎮是一個非常有資源、
05:45
incredibly intelligent
and incredibly resilient community.
and incredibly resilient community.
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非常有智慧，且非常有韌性的社區。
05:50
It was there I first experienced
the power of radical neighborliness.
the power of radical neighborliness.
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在那裡，我初次體驗到
「積極的睦鄰」的力量。
「積極的睦鄰」的力量。
05:55
During the year I worked
on my house before moving in,
on my house before moving in,
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在搬進去之前，我花了
一年整修我的房子，
一年整修我的房子，
05:58
I lived in a microcommunity
inside Poletown,
inside Poletown,
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那段期間我就住在
波爾鎮裡的一個微型社區內，
波爾鎮裡的一個微型社區內，
06:01
founded by a wild and virtuous farmer
named Paul Weertz.
named Paul Weertz.
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它由一位狂野且正直的
農夫保羅 ‧ 沃茲創立，
農夫保羅 ‧ 沃茲創立，
06:05
Paul was a teacher
in a Detroit public school
in a Detroit public school
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保羅在底特律一所
公立學校擔任老師，
公立學校擔任老師，
06:08
for pregnant and parenting mothers,
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教導懷孕和帶孩子的母親，
06:09
and his idea was to teach
the young women to raise their children
the young women to raise their children
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他的想法是，若要教導
年輕女性養育她們的孩子，
年輕女性養育她們的孩子，
06:12
by first raising plants and animals.
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就要先教她們養育動物和植物。
06:15
While the national average graduation rate
for pregnant teens is about 40 percent,
for pregnant teens is about 40 percent,
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全國懷孕青少女的
平均畢業率是 40 % ，
平均畢業率是 40 % ，
06:20
at Catherine Ferguson Academy
it was often above 90,
it was often above 90,
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在凱瑟琳費格遜中學卻超過 90 % ，
06:23
in part due to Paul's ingenuity.
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部分原因就是保羅的獨創性。
06:25
Paul brought much of this innovation
to his block in Poletown,
to his block in Poletown,
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保羅把許多創新的概念帶回到
他在波爾鎮的街區，
他在波爾鎮的街區，
06:28
which he'd stewarded
for more than 30 years,
for more than 30 years,
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他在那裡至少服務了 30 年，
06:31
purchasing houses
when they were abandoned,
when they were abandoned,
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在房子被廢棄時將它們買下來，
06:33
convincing his friends to move in
and neighbors to stay
and neighbors to stay
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說服朋友搬進去、遊說鄰居留下，
06:36
and helping those who wanted
to buy their own and fix them up.
to buy their own and fix them up.
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以及協助想要買自己房子的人安頓。
06:40
In a neighborhood where many blocks
now only hold one or two houses,
now only hold one or two houses,
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在這個小區，有許多街區現在
都只剩一間或兩間房子了，
都只剩一間或兩間房子了，
06:44
all the homes on Paul's block stand.
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但在保羅的街區，
所有的家園都還在。
所有的家園都還在。
06:47
It's an incredible testament
to the power of community,
to the power of community,
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這充分證明了社區的力量，
06:49
to staying in one place
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待在一個地方──
06:50
and to taking ownership
of one's own surroundings --
of one's own surroundings --
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掌控自己的環境，
06:53
of simply doing it yourself.
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單純的靠自己動手。
06:56
It's the kind of place where black doctors
live next to white hipsters
live next to white hipsters
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在那裡，黑人醫生家的隔壁
住著時髦白人
住著時髦白人
07:00
next to immigrant mothers from Hungary
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及來自匈牙利的移民母親，
07:02
or talented writers
from the jungles of Belize,
from the jungles of Belize,
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或是來自貝里斯叢林的天才作家，
07:04
showing me Detroit
wasn't just black and white,
wasn't just black and white,
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這讓我見識到，
底特律不只是黑與白，
底特律不只是黑與白，
07:07
and diversity could flourish
when it's encouraged.
when it's encouraged.
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當它的多樣性受到鼓勵時，它會興盛。
07:10
Each year, neighbors assemble to bale hay
for the farm animals on the block,
for the farm animals on the block,
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每年，鄰居們會一起將乾草打成捆，
供街區的牧場動物用，
供街區的牧場動物用，
07:14
teaching me just how much
a small group of people can get done
a small group of people can get done
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這教導了我，
當一小群人通力合作時
當一小群人通力合作時
07:18
when they work together,
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能完成多少的事，
07:19
and the magnetism of fantastical
yet practical ideas.
yet practical ideas.
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以及荒誕卻又實際的
想法有多吸引人。
想法有多吸引人。
07:24
Radical neighborliness is every house
behind Paul's block burning down,
behind Paul's block burning down,
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「積極的睦鄰」是當保羅住的街區
後面的每間房子都燒毀，
後面的每間房子都燒毀，
07:29
and instead of letting it fill up
with trash and despair,
with trash and despair,
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他選擇不讓土地堆滿垃圾和絕望，
07:32
Paul and the surrounding community
creating a giant circular garden
creating a giant circular garden
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偕同周圍的社區一同
建造一座圍繞著果樹、蜂窩
建造一座圍繞著果樹、蜂窩
07:35
ringed with dozens of fruit trees,
beehives and garden plots
beehives and garden plots
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以及花圃的巨大圓形花園，
07:39
for anyone that wants one,
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提供給任何想要的人，
07:41
helping me see that our challenges
can often be assets.
can often be assets.
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這讓我見識到，我們的
挑戰通常也會是種資產。
挑戰通常也會是種資產。
07:45
It's where residents are experimenting
with renewable energy and urban farming
with renewable energy and urban farming
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在那裡，居民正在實驗
創造再生能源和城市農場，
創造再生能源和城市農場，
07:49
and offering their skills
and discoveries to others,
and discoveries to others,
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並提供他們的技能與發現給其他人，
07:52
illustrating we don't necessarily
have to beg the government
have to beg the government
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這說明了我們不見得非得要求政府
07:55
to provide solutions.
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提供解決方案。
07:56
We can start ourselves.
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我們可以自己開始。
07:58
It's where, for months,
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在那裡，數月來
07:59
one of my neighbors
left her front door unlocked
left her front door unlocked
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我一位鄰居的前門都沒上鎖，
08:02
in one of the most violent
and dangerous cities in America
and dangerous cities in America
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在美國最暴力且危險的城市之一，
08:04
so I could have a shower
whenever I needed to go to work,
whenever I needed to go to work,
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她不鎖門，以讓我上工前
能隨時去她家淋浴，
能隨時去她家淋浴，
08:07
as I didn't yet have one.
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因為我家沒有。
08:10
It was when it came time to raise
the beam on my own house
the beam on my own house
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2715
當到了我自己的房子要把支撐結構的
08:13
that holds the structure aloft --
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樑柱抬起到高處時，
08:14
a beam that I cut out of an abandoned
recycling factory down the street
recycling factory down the street
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3403
那樑柱是我從同條街上
沒有一面牆壁還立著的廢棄
回收工廠取得的──
回收工廠取得的──
08:18
when not a single wall
was left standing --
was left standing --
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2258
08:20
a dozen residents of Poletown
showed up to help lift it, Amish style.
showed up to help lift it, Amish style.
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波爾鎮十多名居民協助我抬樑柱，
門諾會艾美許人的方式。
08:25
Radical neighborliness is a zygote
that grows into a worldview
that grows into a worldview
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積極的睦鄰如同一顆
承載著美好價值的受精卵，
承載著美好價值的受精卵，
08:29
that ends up in homes and communities
rebuilt in ways that respect humanity
rebuilt in ways that respect humanity
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它最終會成長為以尊重人性與環境
為重建基礎的家園和社區，
08:33
and the environment.
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1352
08:34
It's realizing we have the power
to create the world anew together
to create the world anew together
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我們了解到，我們可以
同心協力創造出新世界，
同心協力創造出新世界，
08:38
and to do it ourselves
when our governments refuse.
when our governments refuse.
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在政府拒絕的時候，
我們可以自己動手。
我們可以自己動手。
08:42
This is the Detroit that you
don't hear much about.
don't hear much about.
167
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這是各位很少聽到的底特律。
08:45
The Detroit between
the ruin porn on one hand
the ruin porn on one hand
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這個底特律，一邊是廢墟般的場景，
08:48
and the hipster coffee shops
169
516589
1743
另一邊則是時髦咖啡廳
08:50
and billionaires
saving the city on the other.
saving the city on the other.
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和拯救城市的百萬富翁。
08:53
There's a third way to rebuild,
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1655
還有第三種重建的方式，
08:55
and it declines to make
the same mistakes of the past.
the same mistakes of the past.
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且它避免讓我們犯下
和過去相同的錯誤。
和過去相同的錯誤。
08:59
While building my house,
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重建我的房子時，
09:00
I found something
I didn't know I was looking for --
I didn't know I was looking for --
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2433
我找到了我不知道我在尋找的東西，
09:02
what a lot of millennials
175
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1205
那是許多千禧世代
09:04
and people who are moving
back to cities are looking for.
back to cities are looking for.
176
532146
2711
以及搬回城市的人在尋找的東西。
09:07
Radical neighborliness is just
another word for true community,
another word for true community,
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積極的睦鄰其實就是
真正的社區的同義詞，
真正的社區的同義詞，
09:11
the kind bound my memory and history,
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2137
連結著記憶與故事，
相互信任感與熟悉感，
相互信任感與熟悉感，
09:13
mutual trust and familiarity
built over years and irreplaceable.
built over years and irreplaceable.
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4348
建立在經年累月不可替代的基礎上。
09:18
And now, as you may have heard,
180
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2226
你們可能有聽說過，
09:20
Detroit is having a renaissance
181
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2176
底特律有項復興運動，
09:22
and pulling itself up
from the ashes of despair,
from the ashes of despair,
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2785
將它自己從絕望的灰燼當中拉起來，
09:25
and the children and grandchildren
of those who fled are returning,
of those who fled are returning,
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逃離者的孩子與孫子都回來了，
09:28
which is true.
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1150
這是真的。
09:31
What isn't true is that this renaissance
is reaching most Detroiters,
is reaching most Detroiters,
185
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3540
但有件事不是真的：這項復興
觸及了底特律大部分地方，
觸及了底特律大部分地方，
09:34
or even more than a small fraction of them
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可以說它其實只觸及了底特律
09:36
that don't live in the central
areas of the city.
areas of the city.
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非中心區域一小部分的人們。
09:39
These are the kind of people
that have been in Detroit for generations
that have been in Detroit for generations
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這些人是世世代代住在底特律的人，
09:43
and are mostly black.
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大多數是黑人。
09:44
In 2016 alone,
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1472
光在 2016 年，
09:46
just last year,
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只是去年，
09:48
(Voice breaking) one in six
houses in Detroit
houses in Detroit
192
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（抽蓄聲）在底特律，六間房子中
09:51
had their water shut off.
193
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1310
就有一間遭到斷水。
09:55
Excuse me.
194
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1150
抱歉。
09:58
The United Nations has called this
a violation of human rights.
a violation of human rights.
195
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3472
聯合國稱之為違反人權。
10:03
And since 2005, one in three houses --
196
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從 2005 年起，
三間房子中就有一間──
三間房子中就有一間──
10:06
think about this, please --
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1436
請想想這一點──
10:09
one in every three houses
has been foreclosed in the city,
has been foreclosed in the city,
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在這個城市中，三間房子
就有一間的贖回權被取消，
就有一間的贖回權被取消，
10:13
representing a population
about the size of Buffalo, New York.
about the size of Buffalo, New York.
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這些人數大約等同
紐約水牛城的人口數。
紐約水牛城的人口數。
10:17
(Sniffles)
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1150
（吸氣聲）
10:19
One in three houses foreclosed is not
a crisis of personal responsibility;
a crisis of personal responsibility;
201
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三間房子就有一間的贖回權被取消，
這不是個人責任的危機，
這不是個人責任的危機，
10:24
it is systemic.
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1150
是體制的危機。
10:26
Many Detroiters, myself included,
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2700
許多底特律人，包括我自己，
10:29
are worried segregation
is now returning to the city itself
is now returning to the city itself
204
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3689
擔心種族隔離又會跟隨著這波復興
10:33
on the coattails of this renaissance.
205
621077
1972
回到這個城市中。
10:38
Ten years ago,
206
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1198
十年前，
10:39
it was not possible
to go anywhere in Detroit
to go anywhere in Detroit
207
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2287
在底特律，不論走到任何地方，
10:41
and be in a crowd
completely made of white people.
completely made of white people.
208
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3606
都不可能身處在全是白人的人群中。
10:45
Now, troublingly, that is possible.
209
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2899
現在卻有可能了，這點讓人擔憂。
10:48
This is the price that we're paying
for conventional economic resurgence.
for conventional economic resurgence.
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5826
這是我們為了傳統
經濟復甦付出的代價。
經濟復甦付出的代價。
10:54
We're creating two Detroits,
two classes of citizens,
two classes of citizens,
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3711
我們在創造兩個底特律，兩種市民，
10:58
cracking the community apart.
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1761
把社區分裂。
11:00
For all the money and subsidies,
213
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1648
為了所有的金錢和補助，
11:02
for all the streetlights installed,
214
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1667
街燈的安裝費用，
11:04
the dollars for new stadiums
and slick advertisements
and slick advertisements
215
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2845
新體育館、浮誇廣告，
11:06
and positive buzz,
216
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1408
以及激勵人心的話題，
11:08
we're shutting off water
to tens of thousands of people
to tens of thousands of people
217
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4463
我們停止供水給
就住在五大湖邊上的數萬人，
11:12
living right on the Great Lakes,
218
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1748
11:14
the world's largest source of it.
219
662648
1930
五大湖是世界上最大的水源。
11:17
Separate has always meant unequal.
220
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2204
分離通常都表示不平等。
11:20
This is a grave mistake for all of us.
221
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2150
對我們所有人而言，這都是個大錯。
11:24
When economic development
comes at the cost of community,
comes at the cost of community,
222
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2709
當經濟發展的代價要由社區承擔時，
11:26
it's not just those
who have lost their homes
who have lost their homes
223
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2187
受到傷害的人，不只是失去家園的人
11:29
or access to water who are harmed,
224
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1937
或是被斷水的人，
11:31
but it breaks little pieces
of our own humanity as well.
of our own humanity as well.
225
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3672
我們自身的人性也會隨之被粉碎。
11:38
None of us can truly be free,
226
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1916
我們沒有人能夠真正自由，
11:40
none of us can truly be comfortable,
227
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2136
我們沒有人能夠真正舒適，
11:42
until our neighbors are, too.
228
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1732
除非我們的鄰居也能。
11:44
For those of us coming in,
229
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1826
對於我們這些進來的人而言，
11:46
it means we must make sure
we aren't inadvertently contributing
we aren't inadvertently contributing
230
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2995
那意味著我們要確保
我們不會不小心造成
我們不會不小心造成
11:49
to the destruction of community again,
231
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2209
社區的再次毀滅，
11:51
and to follow the lead
232
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1151
並要追隨多年來
11:53
of those who have been working
on these problems for years.
on these problems for years.
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2991
一直努力在解決
這些問題的人的領導。
這些問題的人的領導。
11:56
In Detroit, that means average citizens
deputizing themselves
deputizing themselves
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4002
在底特律，那意著一般市民
要成為自己的代理人，
要成為自己的代理人，
12:00
to create water stations and deliveries
for those who have lost access to it.
for those who have lost access to it.
235
708206
3677
建立供水站以及輸水服務
給被斷水的人。
給被斷水的人。
12:04
Or clergy and teachers
engaging in civil disobedience
engaging in civil disobedience
236
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2759
神職人員及老師
要參與市民違抗行動，
要參與市民違抗行動，
12:07
to block water shutoff trucks.
237
715149
1747
阻擋來斷水的卡車。
12:09
It's organizations buying back
foreclosed homes for their inhabitants
foreclosed homes for their inhabitants
238
717420
3866
是組織幫居民把他們
失去贖回權的家買回來，
失去贖回權的家買回來，
12:13
or fighting misinformation
on forced sales through social media
on forced sales through social media
239
721310
3342
並透過社交媒體及志工服務熱線
對抗強迫讓售的錯誤資訊。
12:16
and volunteer-run hotlines.
240
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1828
12:19
For me, it means helping others
to raise the beams
to raise the beams
241
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2634
對我來說，那意味著協助他人
在他們先前廢棄的家園裡撐起樑柱，
12:21
on their own formerly abandoned houses,
242
729889
2218
12:24
or helping to educate
those with privilege,
those with privilege,
243
732131
2187
或協助教育那些有特權的人，
12:26
now increasingly moving into cities,
244
734342
1984
越來越多這類人正在搬到城市，
12:28
how we might come in and support
245
736350
2129
告訴他們我們該如何
支持既有的社區，
支持既有的社區，
12:30
rather than stress existing communities.
246
738503
2275
而不是施壓於它們。
12:32
It's chipping in when
a small group of neighbors decides
a small group of neighbors decides
247
740802
2870
當一群鄰居決定要買回
一個失去贖回權的家，
一個失去贖回權的家，
12:35
to buy back a foreclosed home
248
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1797
並將方屋契約交還給居住者時，
12:37
and return the deeds to the occupants.
249
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2154
與他們共同出資。
12:40
And for you, for all of us,
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2605
對你們、我們所有人而言，
那意味著要在我們自己的社區中
找到一個角色來扮演。
找到一個角色來扮演。
12:42
it means finding a role to play
in our own communities.
in our own communities.
251
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3110
12:46
It means living your life as a reflection
of the world that you want to live in.
of the world that you want to live in.
252
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4531
那意味著要把你們的生活
轉化成你真正喜歡的樣子。
轉化成你真正喜歡的樣子。
12:51
It means trusting those
who know the problems best --
who know the problems best --
253
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3417
那意味著信任那些最清楚問題的人──
12:54
the people who live them --
254
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1528
活在問題中的人──
12:56
with solutions.
255
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1157
相信他們能解決。
12:58
I know a third way is possible
because I have lived it.
because I have lived it.
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我知道有第三種可行的方式，
因為我親身經歷過。
因為我親身經歷過。
13:02
I live it right now
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我正在經歷中，
13:07
in a neighborhood called Poletown
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在叫做波爾鎮的小區，
13:08
in one of the most
maligned cities in the world.
maligned cities in the world.
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它位在世界上最
惡名昭彰的城市之一。
惡名昭彰的城市之一。
13:11
If we can do it in Detroit,
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若我們在底特律能做到，
13:13
you can do it wherever you're from, too.
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不論你來自何方，你可以做到。
13:16
What I've learned over the last decade,
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在過去十年我所學到的是，
13:18
building my house,
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建造我的房子
13:19
wasn't so much about wiring
or plumbing or carpentry --
or plumbing or carpentry --
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重點不在於電線、
抽水馬桶，或木工──
抽水馬桶，或木工──
13:22
although I did learn these things --
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雖然我的確有學到這些──
13:25
is that true change, real change,
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重點在於真實的改變、真正的改變，
13:28
starts first with community,
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從社區開始，
13:30
with a radical sense
of what it means to be a neighbor.
of what it means to be a neighbor.
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帶著對於「鄰居」
含意的根本理解開始。
含意的根本理解開始。
13:34
It turned at least one
abandoned house into a home.
abandoned house into a home.
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它至少能夠將一間
廢棄的房子轉變成一個家。
廢棄的房子轉變成一個家。
13:38
Thank you.
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謝謝。
13:39
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Drew Philp - Journalist, screenwriterDrew Philp is the author of "A $500 House in Detroit: Rebuilding an Abandoned Home and an American City," a memoir of rebuilding a former abandoned home while finding his place in his city, country, race and generation.
Why you should listen
Drew Philp is a freelance writer living in his rehabbed house and most often covers inequity in the Midwest for the Guardian. He has hitchhiked the Rustbelt to speak with average Americans about changing manhood and walked to Cleveland from Detroit to speak to postindustrial trump supporters in pursuit of stories. Philp has also been published in BuzzFeed, The Detroit Free Press, De Correspondent and other national and international outlets.
In 2009, Philp bought an abandoned house in Detroit with no windows, plumbing or electricity, which was filled with 10,000 pounds of trash. Living without heat for nearly two years, fighting wild packs of dogs, and harvesting materials from the often burning neighborhood, Philp repaired the house with his own hands and the help of his dynamic community. He lives there with his dog Gratiot.
Philp has also hitchhiked the US, co-taught a class on race to all white students at the University of Michigan, written scripts in the film industry and taught for many years inside prisons and juvenile justice institutions across the state. His accolades include the Stuart and Vernice Gross award for literature, an 11th Hour Food and Farming Fellowship facilitated by Michael Pollan and a 2017 Kresge Arts in Detroit fellowship.
Drew Philp | Speaker | TED.com