TED2012
Leymah Gbowee: Unlock the intelligence, passion, greatness of girls
Leymah Gbowee: 釋放每個女孩心中的知識、熱情與偉大
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諾貝爾和平獎得主蕾曼．葛寶伊(Leymah Gbowee)要告訴我們兩個震撼人心的故事: 一個是她生命的轉型，另一個是全世界女孩尚待開發的潛力。我們能藉由釋放女孩心中的偉大而改變全世界嗎?
Leymah Gbowee - Peace activist, Nobelist
Leymah Gbowee is a peace activist in Liberia. She led a women's movement that was pivotal in ending the Second Liberian Civil War in 2003, and now speaks on behalf of women and girls around the world. Full bio
Leymah Gbowee is a peace activist in Liberia. She led a women's movement that was pivotal in ending the Second Liberian Civil War in 2003, and now speaks on behalf of women and girls around the world. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
Many times
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有很多次
00:17
I go around the world to speak,
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我到世界各地演講時
00:20
and people ask me questions
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大家會問我
00:22
about the challenges,
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關於面對挑戰
00:24
my moments,
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我的關鍵時刻
00:27
some of my regrets.
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以及我的悔恨
00:29
1998:
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1998年
00:32
A single mother of four,
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我作為一個單親媽媽，帶著四名子女
00:34
three months after the birth of my fourth child,
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我第四個孩子出生後的三個月
00:38
I went to do a job
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我找到一份工作
00:41
as a research assistant.
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當研究助理
00:45
I went to Northern Liberia.
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我到了賴比瑞亞北部
00:48
And as part of the work,
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而這份工作包括了
00:51
the village would give you lodgings.
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由村莊提供的宿舍
00:54
And they gave me lodging with a single mother
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他們安排我跟一個單身媽媽
00:57
and her daughter.
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和她的女兒住
00:59
This girl happened to be
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這女孩剛好是
01:02
the only girl in the entire village
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整個村莊唯一的女孩
01:04
who had made it
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她好不容易升上
01:06
to the ninth grade.
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九年級了
01:08
She was the laughing stock of the community.
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她是這個部落歡樂的來源
01:11
Her mother was often told by other women,
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其他女人常常跟她母親說
01:14
"You and your child
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"妳和妳孩子
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will die poor."
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到死都是窮人"
01:19
After two weeks of working in that village,
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在那座村莊工作兩個禮拜以後
01:22
it was time to go back.
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到了要回去的時候
01:24
The mother came to me, knelt down,
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那位母親來到我面前，跪了下來
01:28
and said, "Leymah, take my daughter.
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然後說：" 蕾曼，帶我女兒走
01:32
I wish for her
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我希望她能
01:34
to be a nurse."
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當一個護士"
01:37
Dirt poor, living in the home with my parents,
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窮的要死，和父母一起住在家裡
01:41
I couldn't afford to.
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我沒有那種能力
01:44
With tears in my eyes,
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我流著淚
01:46
I said, "No."
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我說：" 不行"
01:49
Two months later,
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兩個月後
01:51
I go to another village
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同一份工作
01:53
on the same assignment
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指派了我去另一座村莊
01:55
and they asked me to live with the village chief.
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他們要我跟村長一起住
01:59
The women's chief of the village has this little girl,
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村長是女的，有個小女孩
02:02
fair color like me,
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跟我一樣是混血的
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totally dirty.
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全身髒兮兮
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And all day she walked around
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她整天不管去哪裡
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only in her underwear.
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都只穿著內衣
02:10
When I asked, "Who is that?"
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當我問： 那是誰？
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She said, "That's Wei.
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她說："那是Wei"
02:15
The meaning of her name is pig.
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這個名字的意思是豬
02:18
Her mother died while giving birth to her,
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她母親生下她的時候死了
02:21
and no one had any idea who her father was."
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而且沒有人知道她的父親是誰
02:24
For two weeks, she became my companion,
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那兩個禮拜她都跟我在一起
02:27
slept with me.
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跟我一起睡
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I bought her used clothes
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我幫她買了二手衣服
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and bought her her first doll.
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還幫她買了她的第一個玩偶
02:33
The night before I left,
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我離開的前一晚
02:36
she came to the room
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她走進房間
02:38
and said, "Leymah, don't leave me here.
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說： "蕾曼，不要丟下我
02:40
I wish to go with you.
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我想跟妳走
02:42
I wish to go to school."
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我想要上學"
02:44
Dirt poor, no money,
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窮的要死，口袋空空
02:47
living with my parents,
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和我父母一起住
02:49
I again said, "No."
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我還是說：不行
02:51
Two months later,
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兩個月後
02:53
both of those villages fell into another war.
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這兩座村莊都捲入了另一場戰爭
02:56
Till today, I have no idea
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直到今天，我還是不知道
03:00
where those two girls are.
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那兩個女孩在哪裡
03:02
Fast-forward, 2004:
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快轉到2004年
03:06
In the peak of our activism,
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那時我們的激進行動達到最高峰
03:09
the minister of Gender Liberia called me
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賴比瑞亞性別與發展部部長打給我
03:11
and said, "Leymah, I have a nine-year-old for you.
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說: " 蕾曼，我有個九歲的要給妳
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I want you to bring her home
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我要妳帶她回家
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because we don't have safe homes."
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因為我們沒有安全的住所"
03:18
The story of this little girl:
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這個小女孩的情況是
03:20
She had been raped
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她被她父親
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by her paternal grandfather
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那邊的祖父強暴
03:24
every day for six months.
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整整六個月，每天都是
03:26
She came to me bloated,
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她來的時候全身浮腫
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very pale.
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非常蒼白
03:31
Every night I'd come from work and lie on the cold floor.
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每個晚上，我下班後躺在冰冷的地板
03:34
She'd lie beside me
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她會躺在我身邊
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and say, "Auntie, I wish to be well.
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然後說: 阿姨，我希望一切會變好
03:39
I wish to go to school."
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我希望能上學
03:42
2010:
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2010年
03:44
A young woman stands before President Sirleaf
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有位年輕女人站在總統Sirleaf面前
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and gives her testimony
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開口說出證詞
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of how she and her siblings live together,
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說她和她的兄弟姐妹住在一起
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their father and mother died during the war.
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他們的父親和母親在戰爭時死掉了
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She's 19; her dream is to go to college
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她19歲，她的夢想是上大學
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to be able to support them.
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好幫助她的兄弟姐妹
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She's highly athletic.
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她是成績優秀的運動員
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One of the things that happens
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其中一件發生的事是
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is that she applies for a scholarship.
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她申請了獎學金
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Full scholarship. She gets it.
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全額獎學金，她申請到了
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Her dream of going to school,
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她上學的夢想
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her wish of being educated,
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她接受教育的希望
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is finally here.
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終於在這裡實現
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She goes to school on the first day.
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她第一天去學校時
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The director of sports
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學校的體育主任
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who's responsible for getting her into the program
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他的工作是幫她提出申請
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asks her to come out of class.
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他要求她離開教室
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And for the next three years,
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接下來的三年
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her fate will be
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她的命運是
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having sex with him every day,
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每天都要跟他做愛
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as a favor for getting her in school.
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當作讓她進學校的報答
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Globally, we have policies,
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世界各地，我們有各種政策
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international instruments,
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各種國際組織
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work leaders.
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各種工作的領導者
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Great people have made commitments --
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偉大的人許下了承諾
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we will protect our children
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我們會保護自己的孩子
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from want and from fear.
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免於貧困，免於恐懼
04:48
The U.N. has the Convention on the Rights of the Child.
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聯合國有"兒童權利公約"
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Countries like America, we've heard things like No Child Left Behind.
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像是在美國，我們知道有"有教無類法案"這種東西
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Other countries come with different things.
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其他國家有不一樣的東西
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There is a Millennium Development called Three
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"聯合國千禧年發展目標"的第三項
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that focuses on girls.
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將焦點放在女孩身上
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All of these great works by great people
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這些偉大者做的偉大工作
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aimed at getting young people
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目的是要引導全球的年輕人
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to where we want to get them globally,
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達到我們希望的境界
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I think, has failed.
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這些努力，我認為失敗了
05:14
In Liberia, for example,
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例如，在賴比瑞亞
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the teenage pregnancy rate
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少女懷孕的比率
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is three to every 10 girls.
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是十分之三
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Teen prostitution is at its peak.
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少女賣淫率創下新高
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In one community, we're told,
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在某個部落，有人曾經跟我們說
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you wake up in the morning
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早上起來的時候會看到
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and see used condoms like used chewing gum paper.
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用過的保險套像是吃完的口香糖包裝紙一樣多
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Girls as young as 12 being prostituted
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才12歲的女孩就在賣淫
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for less than a dollar a night.
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一個晚上賺不到一塊美金
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It's disheartening, it's sad.
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這讓人沮喪，傷心
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And then someone asked me,
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然後有人問過我
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just before my TEDTalk, a few days ago,
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就在我來TED演講前，幾天前
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"So where is the hope?"
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"希望在哪裡啊？"
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Several years ago, a few friends of mine
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好幾年前，我幾個朋友和我決定
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decided we needed to bridge the disconnect
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我們必須填平我們這個世代
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between our generation
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之間的落差
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and the generation of young women.
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包括這一代的年輕女人之間
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It's not enough to say
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光用說的不夠
06:01
you have two Nobel laureates from the Republic of Liberia
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我們有兩位來自賴比瑞亞共和國的諾貝爾得獎人
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when your girls' kids are totally out there
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你們家女孩的孩子在外面流浪的時候
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and no hope, or seemingly no hope.
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沒有希望，或是看起來沒有希望
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We created a space
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我們創造了一個地方
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called the Young Girls Transformative Project.
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叫做"年輕女孩改變能力的計畫"
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We go into rural communities
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我們到郊區的部落
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and all we do, like has been done in this room,
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我們做的事，跟我在這裡做過的一樣
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is create the space.
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就是創造一個地方
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When these girls sit,
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這些女孩坐下的時候
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you unlock intelligence,
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你釋放知識
06:29
you unlock passion,
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你釋放熱情
06:32
you unlock commitment,
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你釋放信念
06:34
you unlock focus,
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你釋放重點
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you unlock great leaders.
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你釋放偉大的領導者
06:38
Today, we've worked with over 300.
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今天，我們的成果超過300人
06:41
And some of those girls
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其中有些女孩
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who walked in the room very shy
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走進房間的時候很害羞
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have taken bold steps, as young mothers,
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下定決心才敢加入，例如那些年輕媽媽
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to go out there and advocate
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為了其他年輕女人的權利
06:51
for the rights of other young women.
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站出來大聲宣傳
06:54
One young woman I met,
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我遇過一位年輕女人
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teen mother of four,
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十幾歲就有了四個小孩
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never thought about finishing high school,
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從來沒想過要完成高中學業
07:00
graduated successfully;
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結果順利畢業了
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never thought about going to college,
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從來沒想過能上大學
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enrolled in college.
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結果被錄取了
07:07
One day she said to me,
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有一天，她對我說
07:09
"My wish is to finish college
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我的願望是讀完大學
07:11
and be able to support my children."
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和有能力培養我的孩子
07:13
She's at a place where she can't find money
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她住的地方湊不到錢
07:15
to go to school.
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讓她能上學
07:17
She sells water, sells soft drinks
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她賣水，賣飲料
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and sells recharge cards for cellphones.
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還賣可儲值的行動電話卡
07:24
And you would think she would take that money
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你們會以為她會把那些錢
07:26
and put it back into her education.
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拿回來當作自己的教育基金
07:29
Juanita is her name.
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她叫祖安妮塔
07:31
She takes that money
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她賺到這些錢
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and finds single mothers in her community
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然後找了住在同部落的單親媽媽
07:36
to send back to school.
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送她們去學校
07:38
Says, "Leymah, my wish
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她說: " 蕾曼，我的願望
07:40
is to be educated.
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是接受教育
07:42
And if I can't be educated,
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如果我不能接受教育
07:44
when I see some of my sisters being educated,
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我看到我的姐妹接受教育的時候
07:47
my wish has been fulfilled.
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我的願望就達成了
07:49
I wish for a better life.
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我希望生活能更好
07:51
I wish for food for my children.
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我希望我的小孩有東西吃
07:53
I wish that sexual abuse and exploitation in schools would stop."
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我希望能停止學校裡的性暴力和剝削"
07:58
This is the dream of the African girl.
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這是非洲女孩的夢想
08:00
Several years ago,
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好幾年前
08:02
there was one African girl.
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有一個非洲女孩
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This girl had a son
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這女孩有個兒子
08:06
who wished for a piece of doughnut
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他希望能吃一口甜甜圈
08:09
because he was extremely hungry.
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因為他非常非常餓
08:12
Angry, frustrated,
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生氣，挫折
08:15
really upset
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她對她週遭的情況
08:17
about the state of her society
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真的很煩
08:20
and the state of her children,
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還有她孩子的情況
08:22
this young girl started a movement,
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這個年輕女孩發起了一項活動
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a movement of ordinary women
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一項由普通女人
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banding together
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團結而行的活動
08:28
to build peace.
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去創造和平
08:30
I will fulfill the wish.
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我會完成這個願望
08:32
This is another African girl's wish.
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這是另一位非洲女孩的願望
08:34
I failed to fulfill the wish of those two girls.
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我無法完成其他兩位女孩的願望
08:36
I failed to do this.
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我失敗了
08:38
These were the things that were going through the head of this other young woman --
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其他這些年輕女人的腦中會有這種想法
08:41
I failed, I failed, I failed.
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我失敗了，我失敗了
08:44
So I will do this.
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所以我會這樣
08:48
Women came out,
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女人站出來
08:50
protested a brutal dictator,
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抗議殘暴的獨裁者
08:53
fearlessly spoke.
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大膽講出來
08:56
Not only did the wish of a piece of doughnut come true,
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不但要實現吃一口甜甜圈的願望
09:00
the wish of peace came true.
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實現和平的願望
09:02
This young woman
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這位年輕女人
09:04
wished also to go to school.
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也希望能上學
09:06
She went to school.
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她到學校
09:08
This young woman wished for other things to happen,
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這位年輕女人希望能有其他事發生
09:10
it happened for her.
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能幫助她的事
09:12
Today, this young woman is me,
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現在，我就是這位年輕女人
09:16
a Nobel laureate.
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諾貝爾得獎人
09:18
I'm now on a journey
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我現在在旅行
09:20
to fulfill the wish,
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我要實現願望
09:22
in my tiny capacity,
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用我微弱的能力
09:24
of little African girls --
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為了那些非洲小女孩
09:26
the wish of being educated.
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接受教育的願望
09:28
We set up a foundation.
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我們成立了一個基金會
09:30
We're giving full four-year scholarships
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我們提供四年全額的獎金
09:32
to girls from villages that we see with potential.
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給那些我們認為有潛力的、來自村莊的女孩
09:35
I don't have much to ask of you.
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我沒什麼資格向你們要求
09:38
I've also been to places in this U.S.,
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我也來到美國這個國家
09:40
and I know that girls in this country
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我知道這個國家的女孩
09:42
also have wishes,
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也有願望
09:44
a wish for a better life somewhere in the Bronx,
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住在紐約布朗克斯區的某人希望有更好的生活
09:47
a wish for a better life
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希望有更好的生活
09:49
somewhere in downtown L.A.,
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住在洛杉磯商業區的某人
09:51
a wish for a better life somewhere in Texas,
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住在德州的某人希望有更好的生活
09:54
a wish for a better life somewhere in New York,
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紐約某處希望有更好的生活
09:57
a wish for a better life
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希望有更好的生活
09:59
somewhere in New Jersey.
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住在紐澤西州的某人
10:01
Will you journey with me
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你們願意跟我一起旅行
10:03
to help that girl,
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去幫助那個女孩嗎？
10:06
be it an African girl or an American girl
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不論是非洲女孩或是美國女孩
10:09
or a Japanese girl,
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或是日本女孩
10:11
fulfill her wish,
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完成她的願望
10:13
fulfill her dream,
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完成她的夢想
10:15
achieve that dream?
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去達成那個夢想嗎?
10:17
Because all of these
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因為我們這幾天
10:19
great innovators and inventors
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討論的、看到的
10:22
that we've talked to and seen
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所有那些
10:24
over the last few days
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偉大的改革者和創新者
10:26
are also sitting in tiny corners
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現在也都在世界各地
10:29
in different parts of the world,
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的各個角落
10:31
and all they're asking us to do
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他們對我們的要求只有
10:33
is create that space
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創造一個地方
10:35
to unlock the intelligence,
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能釋放知識
10:37
unlock the passion,
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釋放熱情
10:39
unlock all of the great things
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釋放所有偉大的事情
10:41
that they hold within themselves.
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那是她們天生就有的
10:44
Let's journey together. Let's journey together.
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讓我們一起旅行， 讓我們一起旅行
10:47
Thank you.
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謝謝大家
10:49
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
11:12
Chris Anderson: Thank you so much.
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克里斯 安德森：非常感謝妳
11:14
Right now in Liberia,
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妳現在在賴比瑞亞
11:16
what do you see
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看到的
11:18
as the main issue that troubles you?
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哪一項問題最讓妳煩惱？
11:21
LG: I've been asked to lead
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蕾曼：有人要求我帶領
11:23
the Liberian Reconciliation Initiative.
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"賴比瑞亞調停協議"的進行
11:26
As part of my work,
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我的工作內容之一
11:28
I'm doing these tours
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就是到處旅行
11:31
in different villages and towns --
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到不同的村莊和城鎮
11:33
13, 15 hours on dirt roads --
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在泥巴路上開了13, 15小時
11:37
and there is no community that I've gone into
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我在每一個去過的部落裡
11:40
that I haven't seen intelligent girls.
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都會看到一些聰明的女孩
11:44
But sadly,
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但是，不幸的是
11:46
the vision of a great future,
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美好未來的遠景
11:49
or the dream of a great future,
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或是美好未來的夢想
11:51
is just a dream,
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只是空想
11:53
because you have all of these vices.
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因為我們心中那些邪念
11:55
Teen pregnancy, like I said, is epidemic.
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少女懷孕，我說過，到處都有
11:58
So what troubles me
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所以我會感到煩惱
12:00
is that I was at that place
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是因為我就在當地
12:04
and somehow I'm at this place,
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然而我現在在這裡
12:07
and I just don't want to be the only one
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我就是不想要當這個地方
12:09
at this place.
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唯一獲救的人
12:11
I'm looking for ways
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我在找方法
12:13
for other girls to be with me.
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讓其他女孩能跟我一樣
12:15
I want to look back 20 years from now
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我要把時間倒退二十年
12:18
and see that there's another Liberian girl,
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我們會看到另一個利比亞女孩
12:20
Ghanaian girl, Nigerian girl, Ethiopian girl
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加納女孩，奈及利亞女孩， 衣索匹亞女孩
12:23
standing on this TED stage.
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站在這個TED的講台
12:26
And maybe, just maybe, saying,
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也許，只是也許，她會說
12:28
"Because of that Nobel laureate
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"因為獲得諾貝爾獎
12:30
I'm here today."
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今天我站在這裡
12:32
So I'm troubled
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所以，我會擔心
12:34
when I see them like there's no hope.
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當我看到她們好像失去希望
12:37
But I'm also not pessimistic,
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但是我不是悲觀的人
12:40
because I know it doesn't take a lot
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因為我知道不用花太多代價
12:42
to get them charged up.
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就能為她們充電
12:44
CA: And in the last year,
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克里斯：而且去年發生了
12:46
tell us one hopeful thing
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一件讓人充滿希望的事
12:48
that you've seen happening.
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妳也親眼目睹了
12:50
LG: I can tell you many hopeful things that I've seen happening.
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蕾曼：我可以說很多我看過讓人充滿希望的事給你聽♪
12:53
But in the last year,
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可是去年
12:55
where President Sirleaf comes from, her village,
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瑟莉芙總統出生的地方，她的村莊
12:57
we went there to work with these girls.
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我們去那裡幫忙那些女孩
12:59
And we could not find 25 girls
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我們發現正在讀高中的女孩
13:01
in high school.
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不到25個
13:03
All of these girls went to the gold mine,
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所有那些女孩都去金礦坑了
13:06
and they were predominantly prostitutes
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顯然她們都當去妓女了
13:08
doing other things.
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或其他的工作
13:10
We took 50 of those girls
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我們挑了其中50名女孩
13:12
and we worked with them.
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跟她們一起工作
13:14
And this was at the beginning of elections.
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那時候剛開始要選舉
13:17
This is one place where women were never --
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這個地方的女人從來沒有
13:19
even the older ones
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比較老的那些沒有
13:21
barely sat in the circle with the men.
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公開和男人坐在一起
13:24
These girls banded together and formed a group
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這些女孩團結在一起，組成一個團體
13:27
and launched a campaign
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然後發起了一項活動
13:29
for voter registration.
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要爭取投票權的登記
13:31
This is a real rural village.
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那是很原始的村莊
13:33
And the theme they used was:
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她們使用的標語是
13:35
"Even pretty girls vote."
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連漂亮女孩都會投票
13:37
They were able to mobilize young women.
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她們成功動員了年輕的女人
13:39
But not only did they do that,
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但她們做的不只是這樣
13:42
they went to those who were running for seats
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她們去找那些出來競選的人
13:44
to ask them, "What is it
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去問他們："你們當選後
13:46
that you will give the girls of this community
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能給這個部落的女孩子
13:48
when you win?"
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什麼東西？
13:50
And one of the guys
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他們其中一個
13:52
who already had a seat was very --
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已經有其他職位的人，非常的
13:55
because Liberia has one of the strongest rape laws,
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因為利比亞有最嚴厲的強暴法
13:57
and he was one of those really fighting in parliament
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而他是真的在國會裡力爭的人之一
14:00
to overturn that law
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想要推翻這些法律
14:02
because he called it barbaric.
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因為他認為那是野蠻行為
14:04
Rape is not barbaric, but the law, he said, was barbaric.
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強暴不是野蠻行為，但是他說，那些法律是野蠻行為
14:08
And when the girls started engaging him,
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女孩開始跟他交手的時候
14:10
he was very hostile towards them.
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他對她們很不友善
14:12
These little girls turned to him and said,
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那些年輕女孩轉頭對他說
14:14
"We will vote you out of office."
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"我們會用選票趕走你"
14:16
He's out of office today.
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現在的他沒有職位
14:18
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
14:24
CA: Leymah, thank you. Thank you so much for coming to TED.
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克里斯：蕾曼，謝謝妳，非常感謝妳來到TED
14:27
LG: You're welcome. (CA: Thank you.)
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蕾曼： 不客氣。(克里斯：謝謝妳)
14:29
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Leymah Gbowee - Peace activist, NobelistLeymah Gbowee is a peace activist in Liberia. She led a women's movement that was pivotal in ending the Second Liberian Civil War in 2003, and now speaks on behalf of women and girls around the world.
Why you should listen
Liberia's second civil war, 1999-2003, brought an unimaginable level of violence to a country still recovering from its first civil war (1989-96). And much of that violence was directed at women: Systematic rape and brutality used women's bodies as fields for war.
Leymah Gbowee, who'd become a social worker during the first war, helped organize an interreligious coalition of Christian and Muslim women called the Women of Liberia Mass Action for Peace movement. Dressed in white, these thousands of women staged pray-ins and nonviolent protests demanding reconciliation and the resuscitation of high-level peace talks. The pressure pushed Charles Taylor into exile, and smoothed the path for the election of Africa’s first female head of state, Leymah's fellow 2011 Nobel Peace laureate Ellen Johnson Sirleaf.
Gbowee is the founder and president of Gbowee Peace Foundation Africa, which provides educational and leadership opportunities to girls, women and the youth in West Africa.
Leymah Gbowee | Speaker | TED.com