TED2014
Tim Berners-Lee: A Magna Carta for the web
柏納-李: 網路大憲章
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25 年前，柏納-李爵士發明了全球資訊網。因此他的提醒值得一聽：未來會有一場挑戰。被侵蝕的網路中立性、過濾氣泡，還有集權的集團控制，都在威脅網路空間的開放。要靠用戶們來爭取網路的訪問權和開放性。問題是，我們想要什麼樣的網路？
Tim Berners-Lee - Inventor
Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web. He leads the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), overseeing the Web's standards and development. Full bio
Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web. He leads the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), overseeing the Web's standards and development. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
TED is 30.
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TED 三十歲了。
00:14
The world wide web is celebrating this month
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全球資訊網這個月將迎來
00:17
its 25th anniversary.
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它第二十五個週年紀念。
00:19
So I've got a question for you.
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所以我有個問題給你們。
00:22
Let's talk about the journey, mainly about the future.
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讓我們談談這段旅程，
主要是關於未來的。
主要是關於未來的。
00:26
Let's talk about the state.
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讓我們談談
00:28
Let's talk about what sort of a web we want.
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讓我們談談
我們想要怎樣的網路。
我們想要怎樣的網路。
00:30
So 25 years ago, then, I was working at CERN.
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二十五年前，那時我在
歐洲核子研究組織工作。
歐洲核子研究組織工作。
00:34
I got permission in the end after about a year
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大約一年之後我被允許
00:36
to basically do it as a side project.
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做這個編外的項目。
00:39
I wrote the code.
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我撰寫了代碼。
00:40
I was I suppose the first user.
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我想自己是第一個用戶。
00:43
There was a lot of concern
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當時很擔心
00:45
that people didn't want to pick it up
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人們不想用它，
00:47
because it would be too complicated.
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因為太過複雜。
00:49
A lot of persuasion, a lot of wonderful
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我不斷地說服別人，
00:50
collaboration with other people,
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和別人進行精彩的合作，
00:52
and bit by bit, it worked.
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一點一點地就成功了。
00:54
It took off. It was pretty cool.
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項目成功了。這事超酷的。
00:56
And in fact, a few years later in 2000,
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事實上，多年之後
在 2000 年，
在 2000 年，
00:59
five percent of the world population
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世界上百分之五的人
01:03
were using the world wide web.
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在使用全球資訊網。
01:05
In 2007, seven years later, 17 percent.
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七年之後的 2007 年，
有 17％ 的人使用，
有 17％ 的人使用，
01:08
In 2008, we formed the World Wide Web Foundation
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2008 年，我們成立了
全球資訊網基金會，
全球資訊網基金會，
01:11
partly to look at that
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一部份原因是為了關注
01:13
and worry about that figure.
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和擔憂那個數字。
01:16
And now here we are in 2014,
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現在到了 2014 年，
01:18
and 40 percent of the world
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世界上 40％ 的人
01:20
are using the world wide web, and counting.
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都在使用全球資訊網，數著數著，
01:24
Obviously it's increasing.
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這個數字明顯地增長中。
01:26
I want you to think about both sides of that.
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我想讓你們想想
這事的兩面性。
這事的兩面性。
01:29
Okay, obviously to anybody here at TED,
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好吧，顯然對
TED 的各位來說，
TED 的各位來說，
01:32
the first question you ask is, what can we do
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第一個問題是，
我們可以如何
我們可以如何
01:35
to get the other 60 percent on board
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讓剩下的 60％
也加入進來？
也加入進來？
01:37
as quickly as possible?
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越快越好？
01:38
Lots of important things. Obviously
it's going to be around mobile.
it's going to be around mobile.
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很多重要的事情。
顯然這要靠行動電話。
顯然這要靠行動電話。
01:40
But also, I want you to think about the 40 percent,
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不過，我也想讓
你們能想想這 40％，
你們能想想這 40％，
01:42
because if you're sitting there yourself
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因為如果你正過著一種
01:44
sort of with a web-enabled life,
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網路化的生活，
01:47
you don't remember things anymore,
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你就不用記事了，
01:48
you just look them up,
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你只要查找它們就行，
01:50
then you may feel that it's been a success
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你可能會感到
這是個成功，
這是個成功，
01:54
and we can all sit back.
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我們都可以省力了。
01:56
But in fact, yeah, it's been a success,
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然而事實上，
對，這是個成功，
對，這是個成功，
01:59
there's lots of things, Khan Academy
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有許多事，
可汗學院啦，
可汗學院啦，
02:01
for crying out loud, there's Wikipedia,
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天哪，還有維基百科，
02:03
there's a huge number of free e-books
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有大量免費的電子書籍，
02:05
that you can read online,
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你可以上網閱讀，
02:06
lots of wonderful things for education,
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很多精彩的教育資源，
02:08
things in many areas.
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好多領域的事。
02:10
Online commerce has in some cases
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電子商務
從某種程度上說，
從某種程度上說，
02:12
completely turned upside down the
way commerce works altogether,
way commerce works altogether,
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完全顛覆了
商業運行的方式。
商業運行的方式。
02:15
made types of commerce available
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讓各種過去
完全不可能實現的
完全不可能實現的
02:17
which weren't available at all before.
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商業變得可行。
02:19
Commerce has been almost universally affected.
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商業幾乎被全方位影響了。
02:22
Government, not universally affected,
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政府沒有被全面影響，
02:24
but very affected, and on a good day,
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卻也受了不小影響，好處是
02:27
lots of open data, lots of e-government,
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多了大量開源數據，
許多電子政府，
許多電子政府，
02:30
so lots of things which are visible
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所以在網上出現了
02:32
happening on the web.
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很多看得見的事。
02:34
Also, lots of things which are less visible.
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還有很多事情
沒有那麼清楚。
沒有那麼清楚。
02:36
The healthcare, late at night when they're worried
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像是醫療保健，
深夜時分，當他們擔心
深夜時分，當他們擔心
02:38
about what sort of cancer
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自己關心的人
02:40
somebody they care about might have,
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可能患了哪種癌症，
02:42
when they just talk across the Internet to somebody
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當他們通過網際網路
02:47
who they care about very much in another country.
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與身處另一個國家
的親友交談。
的親友交談。
02:52
Those sorts of things are not, they're not out there,
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這些事情並不包含其中，
02:56
and in fact they've acquired
a certain amount of privacy.
a certain amount of privacy.
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事實上這些事需要
一定程度的隱私。
一定程度的隱私。
02:59
So we cannot assume that part of the web,
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所以我們不能假設
認為這部份的網路，
認為這部份的網路，
03:02
part of the deal with the web,
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這部份網路的使用，
03:03
is when I use the web,
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當我用網路的時候，
03:05
it's just a transparent, neutral medium.
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這僅僅是一個
透明的、中立的媒介。
透明的、中立的媒介。
03:08
I can talk to you over it without worrying
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我可以和你們聊天，
不用去擔心
不用去擔心
03:10
about what we in fact now know is happening,
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我們事實上知道的
正在發生的事情。
正在發生的事情。
03:13
without worrying about the fact
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不去擔心實際上
03:16
that not only will surveillance be happening
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不僅僅會有網路監控，
03:18
but it'll be done by people who may abuse the data.
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還會有濫用數據的人。
03:21
So in fact, something we realized,
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所以事實上，
我們意識到有些事情
我們意識到有些事情
03:22
we can't just use the web,
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我們不能只使用網路，
03:23
we have to worry about
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我們必須擔心
03:25
what the underlying infrastructure of the whole thing,
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整個事件下面的結構，
03:29
is it in fact of a quality that we need?
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這是否確實是
我們需要的水準？
我們需要的水準？
03:33
We revel in the fact that we
have this wonderful free speech.
have this wonderful free speech.
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我們欣喜與
擁有美好的自由言論。
擁有美好的自由言論。
03:38
We can tweet, and oh, lots and lots of people
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我們能夠寫推特，
許多許多人
許多許多人
03:41
can see our tweets, except when they can't,
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可以看見我們的推文，
除非他們無法做到，
除非他們無法做到，
03:44
except when actually Twitter
is blocked from their country,
is blocked from their country,
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除非推特被
他們的國家禁止了，
他們的國家禁止了，
03:47
or in some way the way we try to express ourselves
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或者我們表達自我的方式
03:50
has put some information
about the state of ourselves,
about the state of ourselves,
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洩露了我們的狀態資訊，
03:53
the state of the country we live in,
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我們生活的國家的狀態，
03:55
which isn't available to anybody else.
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這些資訊不被
任何其它的人所獲取。
任何其它的人所獲取。
03:57
So we must protest and make sure
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所以我們必須抗議，並確保
04:00
that censorship is cut down,
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媒體審查制度被廢除，
04:02
that the web is opened up
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讓存在審查制度的地方
04:04
where there is censorship.
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的網路被公開。
04:06
We love the fact that the web is open.
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我們熱愛網路公開。
04:09
It allows us to talk. Anybody can talk to anybody.
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那能讓我們交談。
任何人都能和任何人交談。
任何人都能和任何人交談。
04:11
It doesn't matter who we are.
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不管彼此是誰。
04:13
And then we join these big
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接著我們加入到
那些大型的
那些大型的
04:14
social networking companies
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社交網路公司中，
04:17
which are in fact effectively built as silos,
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這些公司的實際上
被建成倉儲式。
被建成倉儲式。
04:20
so that it's much easier to talk to somebody
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因此和同一個
社交網路裡的人交談，
社交網路裡的人交談，
04:22
in the same social network
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相對於和不同網路的人交談，
04:24
than it is to talk to somebody in a different one,
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前者要容易得多。
04:26
so in fact we're sometimes limiting ourselves.
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所以說，實際上
我們有時候限制了我們自己。
我們有時候限制了我們自己。
04:31
And we also have, if you've read
the book about the filter bubble,
the book about the filter bubble,
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還有一點，如果你看過
有關「過濾氣泡」的書籍，
有關「過濾氣泡」的書籍，
04:34
the filter bubble phenomenon is that
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濾泡現象指的是：
04:36
we love to use machines
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我們喜歡使用機器
04:37
which help us find stuff we like.
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來幫助我們找到所愛之物。
04:40
So we love it when we're bathed in
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所以當我們泡在
自己點擊出的事物裡時，
自己點擊出的事物裡時，
04:42
what things we like to click on,
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我們樂在其中，
04:44
and so the machine automatically feeds us
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然後機器自動給我們送上
04:46
the stuff that we like and we end up
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我們喜愛的東西，最後我們
04:47
with this rose-colored spectacles view of the world
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透過玫瑰色的眼鏡
來看這個世界。
來看這個世界。
04:52
called a filter bubble.
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這就叫做一個濾泡。
04:54
So here are some of the things which maybe
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所以這有一些東西也許會
04:56
threaten the social web we have.
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威脅到我們所有的社交網路。
04:59
What sort of web do you want?
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你想要什麼樣的網路？
05:01
I want one which is not
fragmented into lots of pieces,
fragmented into lots of pieces,
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我想要一個沒有分裂成
無數碎片的網路，
無數碎片的網路，
05:04
as some countries have been suggesting
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就像有些國家
一直在建議，
一直在建議，
05:06
they should do in reaction to recent surveillance.
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要對網路監視
做出應激反應。
做出應激反應。
05:09
I want a web which has got, for example,
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我想要一個網路，
舉例來說，
舉例來說，
05:13
is a really good basis for democracy.
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一個真正有良好的
民主基礎的網路。
民主基礎的網路。
05:16
I want a web where I can use healthcare
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我想要一個網路，
我可以用於
我可以用於
05:21
with privacy and where there's a lot
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有隱私的醫療，並且有
05:22
of health data, clinical data is available
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很多醫療數據，診所數據
05:25
to scientists to do research.
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可供科學家做研究。
05:27
I want a web where the other 60 percent
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我想要一個網路
讓其它的 60％ 人口
讓其它的 60％ 人口
05:30
get on board as fast as possible.
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也儘快地參與進來。
05:33
I want a web which is such
a powerful basis for innovation
a powerful basis for innovation
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我想要一個網路，
是創新的有力基礎，
是創新的有力基礎，
05:37
that when something nasty happens,
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當糟糕的事情發生時，
05:39
some disaster strikes, that we can respond
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一些災難來臨時，
我們能夠非常快地
我們能夠非常快地
05:41
by building stuff to respond to it very quickly.
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造出東西，做出反應，
05:45
So this is just some of the things that I want,
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所以，這些只是
我想要的一些東西，
我想要的一些東西，
05:48
from a big list, obviously it's longer.
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我這份清單很大，
顯然要更長些。
顯然要更長些。
05:50
You have your list.
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你有自己的清單。
05:51
I want us to use this 25th anniversary
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我想我們來
利用二十五週年
利用二十五週年
05:54
to think about what sort of a web we want.
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來思考我們想要
什麼樣的網路。
什麼樣的網路。
05:57
You can go to webat25.org
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你可以登陸 webat25.org
05:59
and find some links.
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找到一些鏈接。
06:00
There are lots of sites where people
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在很多網站上，人們
06:01
have started to put together a Magna Carta,
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已經開始撰寫
一份大憲章，
一份大憲章，
06:04
a bill of rights for the web.
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一份網路權利公約。
06:05
How about we do that?
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我們一起來做好嗎？
06:07
How about we decide, these are, in a way,
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讓我們來決定，
從某方面來說，
從某方面來說，
06:11
becoming fundamental rights, the right
to communicate with whom I want.
to communicate with whom I want.
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這些正在成為基本權利，
選擇我想和誰交流的權利。
選擇我想和誰交流的權利。
06:15
What would be on your list for that Magna Carta?
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在這份大憲章上，
你想列出怎樣的清單？
你想列出怎樣的清單？
06:17
Let's crowdsource a Magna Carta
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讓我們眾包出一份
06:20
for the web.
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網路大憲章。
06:22
Let's do that this year.
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讓我們在今年就做。
06:24
Let's use the energy from the 25th anniversary
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讓我們利用
二十五週年慶的能量
二十五週年慶的能量
06:27
to crowdsource a Magna Carta
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眾包出一份
06:30
to the web. (Applause)
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網路大憲章。
（掌聲）
（掌聲）
06:31
Thank you. And do me a favor, will you?
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謝謝你們。
幫助我吧，可以嗎？
幫助我吧，可以嗎？
06:36
Fight for it for me. Okay? Thanks.
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為我而戰。
好嗎？謝謝。
好嗎？謝謝。
06:38
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Tim Berners-Lee - InventorTim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web. He leads the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), overseeing the Web's standards and development.
Why you should listen
In the 1980s, scientists at CERN were asking themselves how massive, complex, collaborative projects -- like the fledgling LHC -- could be orchestrated and tracked. Tim Berners-Lee, then a contractor, answered by inventing the World Wide Web. This global system of hypertext documents, linked through the Internet, brought about a massive cultural shift ushered in by the new tech and content it made possible: AOL, eBay, Wikipedia, TED.com...
Berners-Lee is now director of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), which maintains standards for the Web and continues to refine its design. Recently he has envisioned a "Semantic Web" -- an evolved version of the same system that recognizes the meaning of the information it carries. He's the 3Com Founders Professor of Engineering in the School of Engineering with a joint appointment in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at the Laboratory for Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence (CSAIL) at the MIT, where he also heads the Decentralized Information Group (DIG). He is also a Professor in the Electronics and Computer Science Department at the University of Southampton, UK.
Tim Berners-Lee | Speaker | TED.com