ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Kimberley Motley - International litigator
American lawyer Kimberley Motley is the only Western litigator in Afghanistan's courts; as her practice expands to other countries, she thinks deeply about how to build the capacity of rule of law globally.

Why you should listen

Kimberley Motley possesses a rare kind of grit—the kind necessary to hang a shingle in Kabul, represent the under-represented, weather a kaleidoscope of threats, and win the respect of the Afghan legal establishment (and of tribal leaders). At present she practices in the U.S., Afghanistan, Dubai, and the International Criminal Courts; as her practice expands to other countries, she thinks deeply about how to engage the legal community to build the capacity of rule of law globally.

After spending five years as a public defender in her native Milwaukee, Motley headed to Afghanistan to join a legal education program run by the U.S. State Department. She noticed Westerners stranded in Afghan prisons without representation, and started defending them. Today, she’s the only Western litigator in Kabul, and one of the most effective defense attorneys in Afghanistan. Her practice, which reports a 90 percent success rate, often represents non-Afghan defendants as well as pro-bono human rights cases.

More profile about the speaker
Kimberley Motley | Speaker | TED.com
TEDGlobal 2014

Kimberley Motley: How I defend the rule of law

金伯利·莫特里: 我如何捍衛法治

Filmed:
1,114,349 views

每個人應該獲得自己國家的法律保護,即使是該國的法律被遺漏或忽視也應該如此。金伯利·莫特里是在阿富汗及其他地方執業的美國律師,演講中,她分享三個她在阿富汗的國際法律案例,並說明一國的法律如何替人民帶來正義公正:也就是善加運用法律的本義,保護人民。
- International litigator
American lawyer Kimberley Motley is the only Western litigator in Afghanistan's courts; as her practice expands to other countries, she thinks deeply about how to build the capacity of rule of law globally. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:13
Let me tell you a story故事
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我想分享一個
00:15
about a little girl女孩 named命名 Naghma納亨馬.
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關於小女孩娜瑪的故事。
00:18
Naghma納亨馬 lived生活 in a refugee難民 camp
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她跟父母及八個兄弟姐妹
00:20
with her parents父母 and her eight brothers兄弟 and sisters姐妹.
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住在難民營。
00:23
Every一切 morning早上, her father父親 would wake喚醒 up
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每天早上,她的父親起床後,
00:25
in the hopes希望 he'd他會 be picked採摘的 for construction施工 work,
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希望自己在建築工地找到工作,
00:27
and on a good month he would earn 50 dollars美元.
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幸運時他一個月可賺 50 美金。
00:31
The winter冬季 was very harsh苛刻,
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冬天就比較難過,
00:32
and unfortunately不幸, Naghma's納亨馬的 brother哥哥 died死亡
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不幸的是,娜瑪的兄弟過世,
00:35
and her mother母親 became成為 very ill生病.
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母親病重。
00:37
In desperation絕望, her father父親 went to a neighbor鄰居
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絕望之下,他父親跟鄰居
00:39
to borrow 2,500 dollars美元.
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借了 2500 美金。
00:42
After several一些 months個月 of waiting等候,
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幾個月的等待後,
00:44
the neighbor鄰居 became成為 very impatient不耐煩,
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鄰居變得很不耐煩,
00:45
and he demanded要求 that he be paid支付 back.
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並要求他還錢。
00:48
Unfortunately不幸, Naghma's納亨馬的
father父親 didn't have the money,
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不幸的是,
娜瑪的父親並沒有錢還,
00:50
and so the two men男人 agreed約定 to a jirga支爾格.
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所以雙方同意
透過族長會議解決這個問題。
00:53
So simply只是 put, a jirga支爾格 is a form形成 of mediation調解
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簡單來說,
族長會議是一種調解,
00:56
that's used in Afghanistan's阿富汗
informal非正式的 justice正義 system系統.
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是阿富汗非正式的仲裁方式。
00:59
It's usually平時 presided主持 over by religious宗教 leaders領導者
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通常由宗教大老
01:02
and village elders長老,
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以及村落長老主持,
01:04
and jirgas支爾格 are often經常 used in
rural鄉村 countries國家 like Afghanistan阿富汗,
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族長會議常見於阿富汗等落後國家,
01:07
where there's deep-seated根深蒂固 resentment怨恨
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他們對於正式的司法系統
01:09
against反對 the formal正式 system系統.
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有很深的憎恨。
01:11
At the jirga支爾格, the men男人 satSAT together一起
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族長會議裡,與會者坐在一起
01:14
and they decided決定 that the
best最好 way to satisfy滿足 the debt債務
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討論解決債務的最好辦法
01:17
would be if Naghma納亨馬 married已婚
the neighbor's鄰居 21-year-old-歲 son兒子.
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就是讓娜瑪嫁給
鄰居 21 歲的兒子。
01:21
She was six.
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她才六歲。
01:24
Now, stories故事 like Naghma's納亨馬的 unfortunately不幸
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不幸地,像娜瑪這樣的故事,
01:26
are all too common共同,
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實在太常見了,
01:28
and from the comforts舒適 of our home,
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身處於安樂舒適的我們,
01:29
we may可能 look at these stories故事 as another另一個
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或許會把這個故事
看成女權的另一個打擊,
01:31
crushing破碎 blow打擊 to women's女士的 rights權利.
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01:33
And if you watched看著 Afghanistan阿富汗 on the news新聞,
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如果你看過阿富汗的新聞,
01:36
you may可能 have this view視圖 that it's a failed失敗 state.
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你或許會認為那是一個失敗的國家。
01:39
However然而, Afghanistan阿富汗 does have a legal法律 system系統,
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然而,阿富汗是有法律制度的,
01:43
and while jirgas支爾格 are built內置 on
long-standing由來已久 tribal部落的 customs海關,
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雖然族長會議
基於傳承已久的部落習俗,
01:47
even in jirgas支爾格, laws法律 are supposed應該 to be followed其次,
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也應該要遵守法律,
01:51
and it goes without saying
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不用說大家都知道
01:52
that giving a child兒童 to satisfy滿足 a debt債務
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以孩子償債
01:55
is not only grossly非常 immoral不道德, it's illegal非法.
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不只卑鄙下流,更是違法的。
01:59
In 2008, I went to Afghanistan阿富汗
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2008 年,我到阿富汗
02:02
for a justice正義 funded資助 program程序,
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支援司法贊助計畫,
02:04
and I went there originally本來
on this nine-month九個月 program程序
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我本來要待九個月
02:07
to train培養 Afghan阿富汗 lawyers律師.
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訓練阿富汗律師。
02:09
In that nine months個月, I went around the country國家
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九個月裡,我四處跑,
02:11
and I talked to hundreds數以百計 of
people that were locked鎖定 up,
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訪問數百名被監禁者,
02:14
and I talked to many許多 businesses企業
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也訪問了一些
02:15
that were also operating操作 in Afghanistan阿富汗.
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在阿富汗經營企業的公司。
02:18
And within these conversations對話,
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在這些訪談中,
02:19
I started開始 hearing聽力 the connections連接
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我開始了解
02:21
between之間 the businesses企業 and the people,
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這些企業跟民眾的關係,
02:23
and how laws法律 that were meant意味著 to protect保護 them
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還有原本應該保護人民的法律
02:25
were being存在 underused未被充分利用,
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是如何未被充分利用,
02:27
while gross and illegal非法 punitive懲罰性
measures措施 were overused過度使用.
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而惡劣和非法的懲罰措施
是如何被濫用。
02:31
And so this put me on a quest尋求 for justness公正,
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這讓我開始追尋正義之旅,
02:34
and what justness公正 means手段 to me
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正義對我而言
02:37
is using運用 laws法律 for their intended purpose目的,
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是彰顯法律的本意,
02:40
which哪一個 is to protect保護.
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是保護人民。
02:43
The role角色 of laws法律 is to protect保護.
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法律的角色是保護。
02:46
So as a result結果, I decided決定 to
open打開 up a private私人的 practice實踐,
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因此,我決定開一家律師事務所,
02:50
and I became成為 the first foreigner外國人 to litigate訴訟
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我也是阿富汗法庭上
02:52
in Afghan阿富汗 courts法院.
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第一位外籍律師。
02:54
Throughout始終 this time, I also studied研究 many許多 laws法律,
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在這段時間,我研究了很多法律,
02:57
I talked to many許多 people,
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跟很多人聊過,
02:59
I read up on many許多 cases,
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讀過很多案例,
03:00
and I found發現 that the lack缺乏 of justness公正
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我發現正義不公
03:02
is not just a problem問題 in Afghanistan阿富汗,
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不只是阿富汗的問題,
03:04
but it's a global全球 problem問題.
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而是全球性的問題。
03:07
And while I originally本來 shied迴避 away from
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雖然我一開始避開
03:08
representing代表 human人的 rights權利 cases
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人權相關的案件,
03:10
because I was really concerned關心 about how it would
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因為我很擔心
這會影響我的職業跟私人生活。
03:13
affect影響 me both professionally專業 and personally親自,
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03:15
I decided決定 that the need for justness公正 was so great
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但我確定公平正義太重要,
03:18
that I couldn't不能 continue繼續 to ignore忽視 it.
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所以我無法再忽視人權案件。
03:20
And so I started開始 representing代表 people like Naghma納亨馬
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我開始接娜瑪這樣的案件,
03:22
pro bono波諾 also.
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並提供無償服務。
03:25
Now, since以來 I've been in Afghanistan阿富汗
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既然我去過阿富汗,
03:26
and since以來 I've been an attorney律師 for over 10 years年份,
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也當了十幾年的律師,
03:29
I've represented代表 from CEOs老總
of Fortune幸運 500 companies公司
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代表過《財富》
500 大企業的執行長、
03:33
to ambassadors大使 to little girls女孩 like Naghma納亨馬,
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外交大使,
還有像娜瑪這樣的小女孩,
03:35
and with much success成功.
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官司大多成功。
03:36
And the reason原因 for my success成功 is very simple簡單:
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我成功的原因很簡單:
03:39
I work the system系統 from the inside out
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我徹底運用司法體系,
03:41
and use the laws法律 in the ways方法
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正確地運用法律
03:43
that they're intended to be used.
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於需要被使用到的地方。
03:45
I find that
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我發現,
03:48
achieving實現 justness公正 in places地方 like Afghanistan阿富汗
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在阿富汗這樣的地方
要實現公平正義是很難的,
03:51
is difficult, and there's three reasons原因.
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有三個原因。
03:53
The first reason原因 is that simply只是 put,
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第一,簡單來說,
03:56
people are very uneducated沒有受過教育 as
to what their legal法律 rights權利 were,
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受教育的人口不多,
不懂他們自己有哪些權益,
03:59
and I find that this is a global全球 problem問題.
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我發現這是全球性的問題。
04:01
The second第二 issue問題
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第二個原因,
04:03
is that even with laws法律 on the books圖書,
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即使有成文的法條,
04:06
it's often經常 superseded取代 or ignored忽視
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它們通常被取代或忽視,
04:08
by tribal部落的 customs海關, like in the first jirga支爾格
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以村落習俗取代之,
就像剛剛說的族長會議
04:11
that sold出售 Naghma納亨馬 off.
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把娜瑪賣掉一樣。
04:12
And the third第三 problem問題 with achieving實現 justness公正
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第三個要達成公平正義的問題
04:15
is that even with good, existing現有 laws法律 on the books圖書,
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即使已經有合理的法律,
04:18
there aren't people or lawyers律師
that are willing願意 to fight鬥爭
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人民和律師缺乏意願
04:20
for those laws法律.
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為維護法律而戰。
04:22
And that's what I do: I use existing現有 laws法律,
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這是我正在做的:
我運用現有法律,
04:25
often經常 unused沒用過 laws法律,
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經常被忽視的法律,
04:27
and I work those to the benefits好處 of my clients客戶.
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來維護當事人的利益。
04:30
We all need to create創建 a global全球 culture文化
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我們都需為人權
04:33
of human人的 rights權利
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創造一個全球性的文化。
04:35
and be investors投資者 in a global全球
human人的 rights權利 economy經濟,
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為全球的人權提供貢獻,
以這樣的心態努力,
04:37
and by working加工 in this mindset心態,
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我們可以大大增進
全球的公平正義。
04:39
we can significantly顯著 improve提高 justice正義 globally全球.
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04:42
Now let's get back to Naghma納亨馬.
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現在,我們回來討論娜瑪。
04:44
Several一些 people heard聽說 about this story故事,
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不少人聽說了這個故事,
所以他們與我聯絡
04:47
and so they contacted聯繫 me because they wanted
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希望代還 2500 美元的債務。
04:48
to pay工資 the $2,500 debt債務.
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04:51
And it's not just that simple簡單;
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但事情並沒有這麼簡單,
04:53
you can't just throw money at this problem問題
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這種問題不是把錢丟進去,
04:54
and think that it's going to disappear消失.
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然後問題就會消失。
04:56
That's not how it works作品 in Afghanistan阿富汗.
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這在阿富汗行不通。
04:58
So I told them I'd get involved參與,
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所以我告訴他們,我會參與,
05:02
but in order訂購 to get involved參與,
what needed需要 to happen發生
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要參與的話,就得召開
05:04
is a second第二 jirga支爾格 needed需要 to be called,
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第二次族長會議,
05:07
a jirga支爾格 of appeals上訴.
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一個申訴案件的族長會議,
05:09
And so in order訂購 for that to happen發生,
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要讓它順利召開,
05:11
we needed需要 to get the village elders長老 together一起,
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我們得找到村落長老,
05:14
we needed需要 to get the tribal部落的 leaders領導者 together一起,
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得找到部落族長
05:16
the religious宗教 leaders領導者.
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和宗教大老一起開會。
05:18
Naghma's納亨馬的 father父親 needed需要 to agree同意,
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娜瑪的父親得同意,
05:19
the neighbor鄰居 needed需要 to agree同意,
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鄰居也得同意,
05:20
and also his son兒子 needed需要 to agree同意.
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鄰居的兒子也得同意。
05:23
And I thought, if I'm going to
get involved參與 in this thing,
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所以我想,如果我要參與,
那他們得同意讓我主持會議。
05:27
then they also need to agree同意
that I preside主持 over it.
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05:30
So, after hours小時 of talking
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所以討論了幾小時,
05:33
and tracking追踪 them down,
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一一把他們找來,
05:34
and about 30 cups of tea,
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喝了大約 30 杯茶之後,
05:37
they finally最後 agreed約定 that we could sit down
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他們終於同意要坐下來
05:39
for a second第二 jirga支爾格, and we did.
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召開第二次族長會議。
05:43
And what was different不同 about the second第二 jirga支爾格
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這次會議與上一次不同的地方是
05:45
is this time, we put the law at the center中央 of it,
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這一次,我們以法律為核心,
05:47
and it was very important重要 for me
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對我來說很重要的是
05:49
that they all understood了解 that Naghma納亨馬
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他們必須了解娜瑪
05:50
had a right to be protected保護.
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有權受到保護。
05:53
And at the end結束 of this jirga支爾格,
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在這次族長會議結束時,
05:54
it was ordered有序 by the judge法官
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審判官宣布
05:56
that the first decision決定 was erased擦除,
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上一次的決議作廢,
06:00
and that the $2,500 debt債務 was satisfied滿意,
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美金 2500 元的債務解決了,
06:04
and we all signed a written書面 order訂購
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我們都簽了一份書面資料
06:06
where all the men男人 acknowledged承認
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所有的人都承認
06:07
that what they did was illegal非法,
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他們之前的做法是違法的,
06:09
and if they did it again, that
they would go to prison監獄.
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他們再這麼做,會被捉去關。
06:14
Most
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大多數.....
06:16
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
06:17
Thanks謝謝.
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謝謝。
06:19
And most importantly重要的,
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最重要的是,
06:21
the engagement訂婚 was terminated終止
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這場訂婚無效
06:22
and Naghma納亨馬 was free自由.
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2009
而且娜瑪自由了。
06:24
Protecting保護 Naghma納亨馬 and her right to be free自由
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保護娜瑪以及她享有自由的權力
06:27
protects保護 us.
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也是在保護我們自己。
06:30
Now, with my job工作, there's above-average高於平均水平
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現在我這份工作的
危險高於一般的工作。
06:33
amount of risks風險 that are involved參與.
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06:36
I've been temporarily暫時 detained被拘留.
158
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我遭短暫拘留過。
06:39
I've been accused被告 of running賽跑 a brothel妓院,
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我被指控經營妓院過,
06:41
accused被告 of being存在 a spy間諜.
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被指控為間諜。
06:44
I've had a grenade手榴彈 thrown拋出 at my office辦公室.
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有人丟手榴彈到我辦公室,
06:46
It didn't go off, though雖然.
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幸好沒有引爆。
06:48
But I find that with my job工作,
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但我發現工作中
06:50
that the rewards獎勵 far outweigh超過 the risks風險,
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得到的報償遠大過於風險。
06:53
and as many許多 risks風險 as I take,
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我承擔的風險
06:55
my clients客戶 take far greater更大 risks風險,
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和我的當事相人相比
是微不足道,
06:57
because they have a lot more to lose失去
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如果沒人受理他們的案件
06:59
if their cases go unheard聞所未聞,
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他們會失去更多,
07:00
or worse更差, if they're penalized處罰
for having me as their lawyer律師.
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更糟糕的是,
他們會因為委託我而受罰。
07:03
With every一切 case案件 that I take,
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我受理的每個案件,
07:05
I realize實現 that as much as
I'm standing常設 behind背後 my clients客戶,
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2920
我更加了解
我支持我的當事人的同時,
07:08
that they're also standing常設 behind背後 me,
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我的當事人也同樣支持我,
07:10
and that's what keeps保持 me going.
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這也是我前進的力量。
07:14
Law as a point of leverage槓桿作用
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法律作為一個支撐點
07:16
is crucial關鍵 in protecting保護 all of us.
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是保護我們的關鍵因素。
07:18
Journalists記者 are very vital重要 in making製造 sure
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新聞記者扮演關鍵的角色,
07:21
that that information信息 is given特定 to the public上市.
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他們要確定提供
給大眾訊息的正確性。
07:24
Too often經常, we receive接收 information信息 from journalists記者
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我們大多從記者那裡獲得訊息,
07:27
but we forget忘記 how that information信息 was given特定.
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但忘了訊息是來自何處。
07:30
This picture圖片 is a picture圖片 of the
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這張照片是
07:33
British英國的 press corps兵團 in Afghanistan阿富汗.
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英國新聞團隊在阿富汗的合影。
07:35
It was taken採取 a couple一對 of years年份
ago by my friend朋友 David大衛 Gill.
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幾年前
由我的朋友大衛·吉爾拍的。
07:38
According根據 to the Committee委員會 to Protect保護 Journalists記者,
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根據記者保護協會,
07:40
since以來 2010, there have been
thousands數千 of journalists記者
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自從 2010 年以來,
有數千名記者
07:43
who have been threatened受威脅, injured受傷,
185
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1878
被威脅,被傷害
07:45
killed殺害, detained被拘留.
186
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被殺,被拘留。
07:47
Too often經常, when we get this information信息,
187
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2239
當我們得到訊息的時候,
07:50
we forget忘記 who it affects影響
188
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1224
我們時常忘了它會影響哪些人
07:51
or how that information信息 is given特定 to us.
189
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或是訊息是怎麼傳達給我們的。
07:54
What many許多 journalists記者 do,
both foreign國外 and domestic國內,
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很多國內外的記者,
07:57
is very remarkable卓越, especially特別
in places地方 like Afghanistan阿富汗,
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4071
他們的所做所為是非常了不起的,
特別是在阿富汗這種地方,
08:01
and it's important重要 that we never forget忘記 that,
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1572
重要的是,我們不會忘記這一點,
08:02
because what they're protecting保護
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1356
因為他們保護的
08:04
is not only our right to receive接收 that information信息
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2282
不只是我們取得訊息的權利
更表示新聞自由,
08:06
but also the freedom自由 of the press, which哪一個 is vital重要
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這是民主社會至關重要的部分。
08:08
to a democratic民主的 society社會.
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2876
08:11
Matt馬特 Rosenberg羅森伯格 is a journalist記者 in Afghanistan阿富汗.
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馬特·羅森伯格是阿富汗的記者。
08:15
He works作品 for The New York紐約 Times,
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1890
他為紐約時報工作,
08:17
and unfortunately不幸, a few少數 months個月 ago
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不幸的是,幾個月前,
08:18
he wrote an article文章 that displeased不快
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2140
他寫一篇文章
08:20
people in the government政府.
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得罪了當地政府官員。
08:22
As a result結果, he was temporarily暫時 detained被拘留
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結果,他被拘留
08:25
and he was illegally非法 exiled放逐 out of the country國家.
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4313
而且被非法驅逐出境。
08:29
I represent代表 Matt馬特,
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2052
我為馬特辯護,
08:31
and after dealing交易 with the government政府,
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2128
在與政府交涉之後,
08:34
I was able能夠 to get legal法律 acknowledgment承認
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我收到合法的承認書
08:35
that in fact事實 he was illegally非法 exiled放逐,
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3061
承認他是被非法驅逐出境的事實,
08:38
and that freedom自由 of the
press does exist存在 in Afghanistan阿富汗,
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以及在阿富汗享有新聞自由,
08:41
and there's consequences後果 if that's not followed其次.
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2532
不實行會有不好的後果。
08:44
And I'm happy快樂 to say that
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1746
我很高興地向大家說,
08:46
as of a few少數 days ago,
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2088
幾天前,
08:48
the Afghan阿富汗 government政府
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阿富汗政府
08:49
formally正式地 invited邀請 him back into the country國家
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2212
正式邀請他回到該國,
08:51
and they reversed反向的 their exile流亡 order訂購 of him.
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3633
並撤銷他的驅逐令。
08:55
(Applause掌聲)
215
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(掌聲)
09:00
If you censor審查 one journalist記者,
then it intimidates恐嚇 others其他,
216
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3203
如果審查一位記者,
其他的記者也會受到威脅,
09:03
and soon不久 nations國家 are silenced沉默.
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很快地整個國家的人民就會緘默。
09:05
It's important重要 that we protect保護 our journalists記者
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2718
所以保護記者及新聞的自由
09:07
and freedom自由 of the press,
219
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1777
非常的重要,
09:09
because that makes品牌 governments政府
more accountable問責 to us
220
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2059
因為這會讓政府對人民更加負責任,
09:11
and more transparent透明.
221
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1985
政策更透明化。
09:13
Protecting保護 journalists記者 and our right
222
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1907
保護新聞記者及人民
09:15
to receive接收 information信息 protects保護 us.
223
543670
4174
接受資訊的權利
也就是保護我們自己。
09:19
Our world世界 is changing改變. We live生活
in a different不同 world世界 now,
224
547844
3016
我們的世界在改變,
現在和以前不一樣了。
09:22
and what were once一旦 individual個人 problems問題
225
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2383
在過去是個人的問題,
09:25
are really now global全球 problems問題 for all of us.
226
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2818
現在已成為我們全球性的問題。
09:28
Two weeks ago, Afghanistan阿富汗 had its first
227
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3639
二週前,阿富汗首次
09:31
democratic民主的 transfer轉讓 of power功率
228
559700
1991
完成民主政治權力的移轉,
09:33
and elected當選 president主席 Ashraf阿什拉夫 Ghani加尼, which哪一個 is huge巨大,
229
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3252
選出總統阿什拉夫·甘尼,
這個改變很大。
09:36
and I'm very optimistic樂觀 about him,
230
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2497
我對他持樂觀的態度,
09:39
and I'm hopeful有希望 that he'll地獄 give Afghanistan阿富汗
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1979
我希望他能為阿富汗
09:41
the changes變化 that it needs需求,
232
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1271
帶來其所需的改變,
09:42
especially特別 within the legal法律 sector扇形.
233
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2497
特別是有關法律的部分。
09:45
We live生活 in a different不同 world世界.
234
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1903
我們生活的世界已大不同。
09:47
We live生活 in a world世界 where my
eight-year-old八歲 daughter女兒
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2349
我八歲的女兒
09:49
only knows知道 a black黑色 president主席.
236
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2714
只知道有個黑人總統。
09:52
There's a great possibility可能性 that our next下一個 president主席
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2708
我們的下一位總統
09:54
will be a woman女人,
238
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1336
極可能是女性。
09:56
and as she gets得到 older舊的, she may可能 question,
239
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2903
她長大,或許會問,
09:59
can a white白色 guy be president主席?
240
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1745
白人也能當總統嗎?
10:00
(Laughter笑聲)
241
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1774
(笑聲)
10:02
(Applause掌聲)
242
590619
3111
(掌聲)
10:05
Our world世界 is changing改變, and
we need to change更改 with it,
243
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3180
我們的世界在改變,
我們也要跟著改變,
10:08
and what were once一旦 individual個人 problems問題
244
596910
1632
曾經是個人的問題
10:10
are problems問題 for all of us.
245
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2848
已成為每個人的問題。
10:13
According根據 to UNICEF聯合國兒童基金會,
246
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2078
根據聯合國兒童基金會統計,
10:15
there are currently目前 over 280 million百萬
247
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6041
目前有 2 億 8 千萬的
10:21
boys男孩 and girls女孩 who are married已婚
248
609509
1885
男孩和女孩
在 15 歲以下結婚。
10:23
under the age年齡 of 15.
249
611394
1782
10:25
Two hundred and eighty八十 million百萬.
250
613176
2043
2 億 8 千萬這麼多。
10:27
Child兒童 marriages婚姻 prolong延長 the vicious惡毒 cycle週期
251
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2542
童婚會加重
10:29
of poverty貧窮, poor較差的 health健康, lack缺乏 of education教育.
252
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4420
貧窮、疾病、缺乏教育的惡性循環。
10:34
At the age年齡 of 12, Sahar薩哈爾 was married已婚.
253
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4687
薩哈爾 12 歲那年結婚。
10:38
She was forced被迫 into this marriage婚姻
254
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1849
她被逼婚,
10:40
and sold出售 by her brother哥哥.
255
628717
1700
是被她哥哥賣掉。
10:42
When she went to her in-laws'公婆“ house,
256
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2068
當她到男方的家裡,
10:44
they forced被迫 her into prostitution賣淫.
257
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2688
他們強迫她賣淫。
10:47
Because she refused拒絕, she was tortured折磨.
258
635173
3813
她拒絶,因此受嚴刑拷打。
10:50
She was severely嚴重 beaten毆打 with metal金屬 rods.
259
638986
4025
她遭鐵條毒打。
10:55
They burned her body身體.
260
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2792
他們還燙傷她的身體。
10:57
They tied her up in a basement地下室 and starved飢餓 her.
261
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3490
他們把她綁在地下室讓她挨餓。
11:01
They used pliers to take out her fingernails指甲.
262
649293
4210
用鉗子拔下她的指甲。
11:05
At one point,
263
653503
1829
她一度
11:07
she managed管理 to escape逃逸 from this torture拷打 chamber
264
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3205
逃離行刑室
11:10
to a neighbor's鄰居 house,
265
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2373
到鄰居的家裡,
11:12
and when she went there, instead代替 of protecting保護 her,
266
660910
3296
當她到鄰居的家裡,
鄰居不但沒有保護她,
11:16
they dragged her back
267
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2015
還把她拉回
11:18
to her husband's丈夫 house,
268
666221
1636
她丈夫的家,
11:19
and she was tortured折磨 even worse更差.
269
667857
3781
她受到更殘酷的嚴刑拷打。
11:25
When I met會見 first Sahar薩哈爾, thankfully感激地,
270
673864
3111
幸運地,當我第一次見到薩哈爾,
11:28
Women婦女 for Afghan阿富汗 Women婦女
271
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1231
阿富汗婦女會
11:30
gave her a safe安全 haven避風港 to go to.
272
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3328
提供她一個安全的避風港。
11:33
As a lawyer律師, I try to be very strong強大
273
681534
3186
身為律師,為了我的當事人,
11:36
for all my clients客戶,
274
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1659
我必須表現出很強勢,
11:38
because that's very important重要 to me,
275
686379
3814
因為這對我來說很重要。
11:42
but seeing眼看 her,
276
690193
2929
但當我看到她,
11:45
how broken破碎 and very weak as she was,
277
693122
3902
她傷痕累累且十分虛弱,
11:49
was very difficult.
278
697024
3297
要表現出強勢是非常困難的。
11:52
It took weeks for us to really get to
279
700321
3487
我們花好幾週的時間
11:55
what happened發生 to her
280
703808
3356
才了解她在那行刑室
11:59
when she was in that house,
281
707164
1956
發生什麼事。
12:01
but finally最後 she started開始 opening開盤 up to me,
282
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2640
她終於願意對我敞開心扉,
12:03
and when she opened打開 up,
283
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2320
當她敞開心扉,
12:06
what I heard聽說 was
284
714080
1472
我了解到
12:07
she didn't know what her rights權利 were,
285
715552
2600
她不了解自己的權利,
12:10
but she did know she had
a certain某些 level水平 of protection保護
286
718152
2203
但她知道她有一定程度的權利
12:12
by her government政府 that failed失敗 her,
287
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2627
受政府保護,但政府並沒有保護她。
12:14
and so we were able能夠 to talk about
288
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1602
所以我們能夠討論
12:16
what her legal法律 options選項 were.
289
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2542
她可採取哪些法律手段。
12:19
And so we decided決定 to take this case案件
290
727126
2008
我們決定將這個案子
12:21
to the Supreme最高 Court法庭.
291
729134
1756
上訴到最高法院。
12:22
Now, this is extremely非常 significant重大,
292
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1870
這有重大的意義,
12:24
because this is the first time
293
732760
1913
因為這是在阿富汗第一個
12:26
that a victim受害者 of domestic國內 violence暴力 in Afghanistan阿富汗
294
734673
2836
家庭暴力的受害者
12:29
was being存在 represented代表 by a lawyer律師,
295
737509
2793
由律師出庭代理的案件。
12:32
a law that's been on the
books圖書 for years年份 and years年份,
296
740302
2735
這法律條文已塵封多年,
12:35
but until直到 Sahar薩哈爾, had never been used.
297
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3406
在薩哈爾之前,從沒被使用過。
12:38
In addition加成 to this, we also decided決定
298
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2212
除此之外,
我們還決定提出民事損害賠償,
12:40
to sue起訴 for civil國內 damages賠償,
299
748655
1723
12:42
again using運用 a law that's never been used,
300
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2947
這條法律也同樣從沒用過,
12:45
but we used it for her case案件.
301
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3028
但我們用在這個案件上。
12:48
So there we were at the Supreme最高 Court法庭
302
756353
2262
所以我們在最高法院,
12:50
arguing爭論 in front面前 of 12 Afghan阿富汗 justices法官,
303
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3242
在 12 位阿富汗法官面前辯論,
12:53
me as an American美國 female lawyer律師,
304
761857
2636
我,來自美國個女性律師,
12:56
and Sahar薩哈爾, a young年輕 woman女人
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以及薩哈爾這位年輕女孩,
12:59
who when I met會見 her couldn't不能
speak說話 above以上 a whisper耳語.
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我遇到她時,她不會大聲說話,
13:05
She stood站在 up,
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而現在她站出來,
13:06
she found發現 her voice語音,
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她找到自己的聲音,
13:09
and my girl女孩 told them that she wanted justice正義,
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這女孩告訴法官她要獲得正義,
13:11
and she got it.
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她確實得到了。
13:14
At the end結束 of it all, the court法庭 unanimously一致 agreed約定
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最後結果,法庭一致同意
13:17
that her in-laws公婆 should be
arrested被捕 for what they did to her,
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她的夫家應該為所作所為入獄,
13:21
her fucking他媽的 brother哥哥 should also be arrested被捕
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她混蛋哥哥也因為賣掉她
13:24
for selling銷售 her —
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而遭到逮捕。
13:26
(Applause掌聲) —
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(掌聲)
13:30
and they agreed約定 that she did have a right
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法官也同意她有權利
13:32
to civil國內 compensation賠償金.
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獲得民事賠償。
13:34
What Sahar薩哈爾 has shown顯示 us is that we can attack攻擊
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薩哈爾的故事告訴我們
13:37
existing現有 bad practices做法 by using運用 the laws法律
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可以運用法律改變既有陋習,
13:40
in the ways方法 that they're intended to be used,
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回歸法律的本意,
13:43
and by protecting保護 Sahar薩哈爾,
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保護薩哈爾,
13:45
we are protecting保護 ourselves我們自己.
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也等於保護我們自己。
13:49
After having worked工作 in Afghanistan阿富汗
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我在阿富汗工作
13:51
for over six years年份 now,
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1998
已超過六年。
13:53
a lot of my family家庭 and friends朋友 think
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我的很多家人和朋友認為
13:55
that what I do looks容貌 like this.
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我的工作看起來像這樣。
13:57
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
14:00
But in all actuality現實, what I do looks容貌 like this.
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但實際上,我的工作是像這樣的。
14:05
Now, we can all do something.
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現在我們都能有所作為。
14:07
I'm not saying we should all buy購買 a
plane平面 ticket and go to Afghanistan阿富汗,
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我不是說要各位買機票去阿富汗,
14:09
but we can all be contributors貢獻者
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但我們可以為全球人權環境
14:12
to a global全球 human人的 rights權利 economy經濟.
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2059
盡一己之力。
14:14
We can create創建 a culture文化 of transparency透明度
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我們可以創造一個透明
14:17
and accountability問責 to the laws法律,
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以及對法律負責的文化,
14:18
and make governments政府 more accountable問責 to us,
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讓政府對人民更盡責,
14:20
as we are to them.
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因為我們也是為此盡責。
14:23
A few少數 months個月 ago, a South African非洲人 lawyer律師
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1992
幾個月前,一個南非律師
14:25
visited參觀 me in my office辦公室
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來到我的辦公室。
14:27
and he said, "I wanted to meet遇到 you.
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1925
他說:「我要見你。
14:29
I wanted to see what a crazy person looked看著 like."
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我想知道瘋子長什麼樣。」
14:33
The laws法律 are ours我們的,
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1979
法律屬於我們的。
14:35
and no matter what your ethnicity種族,
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2033
不論文化族群、
14:37
nationality國籍, gender性別, race種族,
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2891
國籍、性別、種族,
14:40
they belong屬於 to us,
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法律屬於我們每個人的,
14:42
and fighting戰鬥 for justice正義 is not an act法案 of insanity瘋狂.
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4789
為正義而戰不是瘋狂的行為。
14:47
Businesses企業 also need to get with the program程序.
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企業界也必須納入這個項目。
14:49
A corporate企業 investment投資 in human人的 rights權利
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一家企業對人權的投資
14:51
is a capital首都 gain獲得 on your businesses企業,
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1878
會帶來生意收益。
14:53
and whether是否 you're a business商業, an NGO非政府組織,
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不論你是企業、非營利組織,
14:55
or a private私人的 citizen公民, rule規則
of law benefits好處 all of us.
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4095
或是一般市民,法治對我們有益。
14:59
And by working加工 together一起 with a concerted一致 mindset心態,
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以這樣的心態一起努力,
15:01
through通過 the people, public上市 and private私人的 sector扇形,
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3456
透過人民、政府和個人機關,
15:05
we can create創建 a global全球 human人的 rights權利 economy經濟
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2297
我們能夠創造一個全球的人權環境,
15:07
and all become成為 global全球 investors投資者 in human人的 rights權利.
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每個人皆為人權的投資者。
15:11
And by doing this,
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如此一來,
15:12
we can achieve實現 justness公正 together一起.
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我們就能一起獲得公平正義。
15:15
Thank you.
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謝謝。
15:17
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
Translated by Yamei Huang
Reviewed by Adrienne Lin

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Kimberley Motley - International litigator
American lawyer Kimberley Motley is the only Western litigator in Afghanistan's courts; as her practice expands to other countries, she thinks deeply about how to build the capacity of rule of law globally.

Why you should listen

Kimberley Motley possesses a rare kind of grit—the kind necessary to hang a shingle in Kabul, represent the under-represented, weather a kaleidoscope of threats, and win the respect of the Afghan legal establishment (and of tribal leaders). At present she practices in the U.S., Afghanistan, Dubai, and the International Criminal Courts; as her practice expands to other countries, she thinks deeply about how to engage the legal community to build the capacity of rule of law globally.

After spending five years as a public defender in her native Milwaukee, Motley headed to Afghanistan to join a legal education program run by the U.S. State Department. She noticed Westerners stranded in Afghan prisons without representation, and started defending them. Today, she’s the only Western litigator in Kabul, and one of the most effective defense attorneys in Afghanistan. Her practice, which reports a 90 percent success rate, often represents non-Afghan defendants as well as pro-bono human rights cases.

More profile about the speaker
Kimberley Motley | Speaker | TED.com

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