TED Residency
Muhammed Idris: What refugees need to start new lives
穆罕默德 伊卓瑞斯: 難民需要什麼才能開始新生活？
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根據聯合國難民署指出，每分鐘就有二十個人被迫離開家園，原因包括氣候變遷、經濟危機，以及社會和政治局勢不穩定。我們要如何協助他們克服這些障礙，開始新人生？TED 駐站研究員穆罕默德伊卓瑞斯領導的團隊包括有技術人員、研究者，以及難民，他們開發了Atar，這是史上第一個人工智慧虛擬律師，它會引導被迫離開家園的人走過重新安置的流程，協助恢復他們的權利和尊嚴。伊卓瑞斯說：「能否取得對的資源和資訊可能就是生與死的差別。」
Muhammed Idris - Entrepreneur, investor
Muhammed Idris wants to improve social services delivery through collective and artificial intelligence. Full bio
Muhammed Idris wants to improve social services delivery through collective and artificial intelligence. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
About two years ago,
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大約兩年前，
00:14
I got a phone call that changed my life.
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我接到了一通改變我人生的電話。
00:17
"Hey, this is your cousin Hassen."
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「嘿，我是你的表親哈辛。」
00:21
I froze.
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我呆住了。
00:23
You see, I have well over
30 first cousins,
30 first cousins,
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我有超過三十個表兄弟姐妹，
00:26
but I didn't know anybody named Hassen.
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但沒有一個叫做哈辛的。
00:29
It turned out that Hassen
was actually my mom's cousin
was actually my mom's cousin
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後來才知道，
哈辛其實是我母親的表親，
00:32
and had just arrived
in Montreal as a refugee.
in Montreal as a refugee.
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剛剛以難民的身分抵達蒙特婁。
00:35
And over the next few months,
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在接下來幾個月，
我還會有三個親戚
00:36
I would have three more relatives
coming to Canada to apply for asylum
coming to Canada to apply for asylum
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來加拿大申請庇護權，
00:40
with little more than
the clothes on their back.
the clothes on their back.
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行李可能只比背上
背的衣物多一點點。
背的衣物多一點點。
00:43
And in the two years
since that phone call,
since that phone call,
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接到那通電話的兩年後，
00:45
my life has completely changed.
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我的人生完全改變了。
我離開了學術界，
00:48
I left academia
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00:49
and now lead a diverse team
of technologists, researchers and refugees
of technologists, researchers and refugees
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現在在領導一個多樣化的團隊，
有技術人員、研究者，以及難民，
00:53
that is developing customized
self-help resources for newcomers.
self-help resources for newcomers.
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我們的工作是
為新移民開發客製化的自助資源。
00:58
We want to help them overcome
language, cultural and other barriers
language, cultural and other barriers
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我們想要協助他們克服
語言、文化，及其他障礙，
01:02
that make them feel like they've lost
control over their own lives.
control over their own lives.
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他們才不會覺得失去了
對自己人生的掌控權。
對自己人生的掌控權。
01:06
And we feel that AI can help restore
the rights and the dignity
the rights and the dignity
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我們覺得，人工智慧
可以協助許多人恢復
可以協助許多人恢復
他們在尋求協助時
失去的權利和尊嚴。
失去的權利和尊嚴。
01:09
that many people lose when seeking help.
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01:12
My family's refugee experience
is not unique.
is not unique.
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我家人的難民經驗並不獨特。
01:16
According to the UNHCR,
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根據聯合國難民署，
01:18
every minute, 20 people
are newly displaced
are newly displaced
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每分鐘，就有二十個人
被迫離開家園，
被迫離開家園，
01:21
by climate change, economic crisis
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原因包括氣候變遷、經濟危機，
01:23
and social and political instability.
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以及社會和政治局勢不穩定。
01:26
And it was while volunteering
at a local YMCA shelter
at a local YMCA shelter
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我們在當地的基督教青年會
庇護所當志工時，
庇護所當志工時，
我的表親哈辛及其他親戚被送到那裡，
01:29
that my cousin Hassen
and other relatives were sent to
and other relatives were sent to
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那時我們才了解到重新安置難民
需要多少努力以及協調，
需要多少努力以及協調，
01:32
that we saw and learned to appreciate
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01:34
how much effort and coordination
resettlement requires.
resettlement requires.
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並學會感念這一切。
01:39
When you first arrive,
you need to find a lawyer
you need to find a lawyer
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剛抵達時，你得要找一個律師，
01:42
and fill out legal documents
within two weeks.
within two weeks.
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在兩星期內填寫完一些法律文件。
01:45
You also need to schedule a medical exam
with a pre-authorized physician,
with a pre-authorized physician,
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你得要安排一次醫療檢查，
且要由有授權的醫生來進行，
01:49
just so that you can apply
for a work permit.
for a work permit.
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這樣你才能夠申請工作許可。
01:51
And you need to start looking
for a place to live
for a place to live
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你也得開始找地方住，
01:54
before you receive
any sort of social assistance.
any sort of social assistance.
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要取得任何一種社會協助
都會需要地址。
都會需要地址。
01:58
With thousands fleeing the United States
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過去幾年間，有數千人逃離美國，
02:00
to seek asylum in Canada
over the past few years,
over the past few years,
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到加拿大尋求庇護，
02:03
we quickly saw what it looks like
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這讓我們很快就看見了
02:04
when there are more people who need help
than there are resources to help them.
than there are resources to help them.
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當需要協助的人很多，
能協助他們的資源很少時，
會是怎樣的狀況。
02:09
Social services doesn't scale quickly,
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社會服務無法快速擴大規模，
02:11
and even if communities do their best
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就算社區全力而為，
02:14
to help more people
with limited resources,
with limited resources,
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用有限的資源來協助更多人，
新移民最後仍有更長的時間
處在被孤立邊緣，
處在被孤立邊緣，
02:17
newcomers end up spending
more time waiting in limbo,
more time waiting in limbo,
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02:19
not knowing where to turn.
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不知道要向誰求助。
02:22
In Montreal, for example,
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比如，在蒙特婁，
02:23
despite millions of dollars being spent
to support resettlement efforts,
to support resettlement efforts,
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儘管有數百萬美元被用在
支持重新安置難民的措施上，
02:27
nearly 50 percent of newcomers
still don't know
still don't know
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仍然有近五成的新移民不知道
02:30
that there are free resources that exist
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他們其實可以取得免費資源，
02:32
to help them with everything
from filling out paperwork
from filling out paperwork
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獲得各方面的協助，
從填寫文件到找工作等等。
02:35
to finding a job.
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02:37
The challenge is not
that this information doesn't exist.
that this information doesn't exist.
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困難之處並不在於資訊不存在。
02:41
On the contrary, those in need are often
bombarded with so much information
bombarded with so much information
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正好相反，那些有需求的人，
受到太多資訊的轟炸，
受到太多資訊的轟炸，
02:45
that it's difficult
to make sense of it all.
to make sense of it all.
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讓他們很難從中理出頭緒。
02:48
"Don't give me more information,
just tell me what to do,"
just tell me what to do,"
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「別再給我更多資訊了，
直接告訴我該怎麼做吧。」
直接告訴我該怎麼做吧。」
02:52
was a sentiment we heard
over and over again.
over and over again.
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我們不斷聽到類似這樣的意見。
02:55
And it reflects how insanely difficult
it could be to get your bearings
it could be to get your bearings
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這就反應出了當你初次
抵達一個新國家時，
抵達一個新國家時，
要適應環境是有多麼困難。
02:59
when you first arrive in a new country.
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03:02
Hell, I struggled with the same issues
when I got to Montreal,
when I got to Montreal,
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當我來到蒙特婁時，
我也受同樣的問題困擾，
03:06
and I have a PhD.
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我還有博士學位呢。
03:08
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
03:10
As another member of our team,
himself also a refugee, put it:
himself also a refugee, put it:
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我們的團隊中有一名成員
也是難民，他這麼說：
也是難民，他這麼說：
03:14
"In Canada, a SIM card
is more important than food,
is more important than food,
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「在加拿大，有一張 SIM 卡
比有食物可吃還重要，
比有食物可吃還重要，
03:17
because we will not die from hunger."
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因為我們不會死於飢餓。」
03:20
But getting access to the right
resources and information
resources and information
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但能否取得對的資源和資訊
可能就是生與死的差別。
03:23
can be the difference
between life and death.
between life and death.
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03:27
Let me say that again:
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讓我再說一次：
03:28
getting access to the right
resources and information
resources and information
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能否取得對的資源和資訊
可能就是生與死的差別。
03:32
can be the difference
between life and death.
between life and death.
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03:37
In order to address these issues,
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為了處理這些問題，
我們建立了 Atar，
03:38
we built Atar,
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03:40
the first-ever AI-powered virtual advocate
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它是史上第一個
人工智慧虛擬律師，
人工智慧虛擬律師，
03:43
that guides you step-by-step
through your first week
through your first week
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在你剛抵達一個新城市的第一週，
它會一步一步引導你。
03:46
of arriving in a new city.
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03:47
Just tell Atar what you need help with.
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只要告訴 Atar 你需要什麼協助。
03:50
Atar will then ask you
some basic questions
some basic questions
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接著，Atar 會問你
一些基本的問題，
一些基本的問題，
03:52
to understand your unique circumstances
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以了解你的個人狀況，
03:54
and determine your eligibility
for resources.
for resources.
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並判斷你是否符合
資源要求的資格。
資源要求的資格。
03:57
For example: Do you have
a place to stay tonight?
a place to stay tonight?
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比如：你今晚有地方過夜嗎？
04:01
If not, would you prefer
an all-women's shelter?
an all-women's shelter?
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如果沒有，你是否偏好
去女性專屬的庇護所？
去女性專屬的庇護所？
04:05
Do you have children?
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你有孩子嗎？
04:07
Atar will then generate
a custom, step-by-step to-do list
a custom, step-by-step to-do list
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接著，Atar 會產出步驟清楚的
客製化待辦事項清單，
客製化待辦事項清單，
04:10
that tells you everything
that you need to know,
that you need to know,
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把你需要知道的一切都告訴你，
04:12
from where to go, how to get there,
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從該去哪裡、怎麼去、
04:15
what to bring with you
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要帶什麼去、
04:16
and what to expect.
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及該抱什麼期待。
04:18
You can ask a question at any time,
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你隨時可以問問題，
04:21
and if Atar doesn't have an answer,
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如果 Atar 沒有答案，
04:23
you'll be connected
with a real person who does.
with a real person who does.
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你就會被連結到
能夠回答你的真人。
能夠回答你的真人。
04:26
But what's most exciting
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但最讓人興奮的是，
04:29
is that we help humanitarian
and service organizations
and service organizations
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我們協助人道主義組織及服務組織
04:32
collect the data and the analytics
that's necessary to understand
that's necessary to understand
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收集資料並分析資料，
讓他們能夠了解
讓他們能夠了解
04:36
the changing needs of newcomers
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新移民隨時在變動的需求，
04:37
in real time.
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且這些資訊是即時的。
04:39
That's a game changer.
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這能夠改變現有情勢。
04:42
We've already partnered with the UNHCR
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我們已經和聯合國難民署合作，
04:44
to provide this technology in Canada,
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在加拿大提供這項技術，
04:46
and in our work have conducted
campaigns in Arabic, English,
campaigns in Arabic, English,
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且我們已經進行了多種語言的活動，
包括阿拉伯語、英語、法語、
克里奧爾語，及西班牙語。
克里奧爾語，及西班牙語。
04:50
French, Creole and Spanish.
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04:54
When we talk about the issue of refugees,
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當我們在談難民的議題時，
04:57
we often focus on the official statistic
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我們的焦點通常都在官方統計的
04:59
of 65.8 million forcibly
displaced worldwide.
displaced worldwide.
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全球 6580 萬名
被強迫離開家園的人。
被強迫離開家園的人。
05:03
But the reality is much greater than that.
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但現實中的人數比那還要多很多。
05:07
By 2050, there will be
an additional 140 million people
an additional 140 million people
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到 2050 年，還會有
另外 1 億 4000 萬人
另外 1 億 4000 萬人
05:12
who are at risk of being displaced
due to environmental degradation.
due to environmental degradation.
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可能會因為環境惡化
而有要離開家園的風險。
而有要離開家園的風險。
05:16
And today -- that is today --
there are nearly one billion people
there are nearly one billion people
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現今——是現今——有近 10 億人
05:21
who already live in illegal
settlements and slums.
settlements and slums.
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已經住在非法的拓居地和貧民窟。
05:25
Resettlement and integration
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重新安置及整合難民
05:27
is one of the greatest
challenges of our time.
challenges of our time.
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是我們這個時代最大的挑戰之一。
05:30
and our hope is that Atar can provide
every single newcomer an advocate.
every single newcomer an advocate.
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我們希望 Atar 能為每一位
新移民提供一個律師。
新移民提供一個律師。
05:36
Our hope is that Atar
can amplify existing efforts
can amplify existing efforts
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我們希望 Atar 能夠
將既有的努力成果再放大，
將既有的努力成果再放大，
05:40
and alleviate pressure
on a social safety net
on a social safety net
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減輕社會安全網所承受的壓力，
05:43
that's already stretched
beyond imagination.
beyond imagination.
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我們的社會安全網
已經被嚴重過度擴張了。
已經被嚴重過度擴張了。
05:47
But what's most important to us
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但對我們來說，最重要的是
05:49
is that our work helps restore
the rights and the dignity
the rights and the dignity
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我們的所做所為能協助難民
重新取得權利和尊嚴，
05:54
that refugees lose throughout
resettlement and integration
resettlement and integration
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這些是他們在重新安置
和整合的過程中所失去的，
和整合的過程中所失去的，
05:57
by giving them the resources that
they need in order to help themselves.
they need in order to help themselves.
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而我們的做法，
就是提供他們自助所需要的資源。
06:02
Thank you.
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謝謝。
06:03
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Muhammed Idris - Entrepreneur, investorMuhammed Idris wants to improve social services delivery through collective and artificial intelligence.
Why you should listen
Dr. Muhammed Y. Idris, PhD is a Fellow at Capria, a leading global impact investment firm, and the cofounder and lead developer of Edel Technologies, an organization that build AI-powered tools and products for frontline humanitarian organizations and service providers, including the United Nations Refugee Agency (UNHCR).
Inspired by own personal experiences with refugee resettlement, Idris left academia to build the world's first virtual advocate bot, Atar, that empowers refugees and other newcomers with information about what to do, where to go and what to expect using customized step-by-step guides.
Trained as a computational social scientist, Idris started his career in finance at BlackRock and went on to complete a PhD with a focus on research and development of open-source tools for leveraging socially-generating "big data" and make it easy to digest this complex technical information into actionable insights.
Idris's work has been presented at numerous academic, policy and industry conferences, and he has held teaching and research positions at the University of Washington, The Pennsylvania State University, Concordia University in Montreal as well as Harvard University, where he held a predoctoral fellowship at the Belfer Center for Science and International Affair while completing his dissertation.
As a self-taught programmer, Idris enjoys teaching statistics and programming in his spare time. While his current focus in on helping streamline and scale refugee resettlement, his mission is to help improve social services delivery for all through collective and artificial intelligence as an entrepreneur and investor.
Muhammed Idris | Speaker | TED.com