TEDMED 2009
Dean Kamen: The emotion behind invention
迪恩．卡門：發明背後的情感
Filmed:
Readability: 3
598,766 views
大部分人都無法想像那些在戰爭中失去手腳的士兵們，每天生活上所面臨的掙扎。在TEDMED會議中，迪恩．卡門敘述了一些勇敢人們的故事，激發他在工作上的動力，讓他努力地設計出完美的義肢，還給這些人正常的生活。
Dean Kamen - Inventor
Dean Kamen landed in the limelight with the Segway, but he has been innovating since high school, with more than 150 patents under his belt. Recent projects include portable energy and water purification for the developing world, and a prosthetic arm for maimed soldiers. Full bio
Dean Kamen landed in the limelight with the Segway, but he has been innovating since high school, with more than 150 patents under his belt. Recent projects include portable energy and water purification for the developing world, and a prosthetic arm for maimed soldiers. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
It's not about technology,
0
0
2000
我想說的跟科技無關，
00:17
it's about people and stories.
1
2000
2000
而是關於人們與其背後的故事。
00:19
I could show you
2
4000
2000
我可以給大家看看
00:21
what recently was on television
3
6000
2000
最近在電視上播出
00:23
as a high quality video:
4
8000
2000
評價很高的
00:25
60 Minutes, many of you may have seen it.
5
10000
3000
「60分鐘」，大部分的人應該都有看過。
00:28
And it was the now director of the entire piece
6
13000
3000
主角是現任的
00:31
of the veteran's administration --
7
16000
3000
退伍軍人協會會長，
00:34
who, himself, had lost an arm 39 years ago
8
19000
3000
他在39年前，在越南失去了
00:37
in Vietnam --
9
22000
3000
一條手臂，
00:40
who was adamantly opposed to these crazy devices
10
25000
2000
他很固執地拒絕使用以前那種
00:42
that don't work.
11
27000
3000
不好用的義肢。
00:45
And it turns out that with 60 Minutes cameras rolling in the background,
12
30000
3000
當「60分鐘」一開始採訪他的時候，
00:48
after he pretty much made his position clear on this --
13
33000
3000
他立即表明他的立場，
00:51
he had his hook and he had his --
14
36000
3000
雖然他有那種有鈎子的義肢--
00:54
he wore this arm for less than two hours
15
39000
3000
他換上新式義肢不到二個小時，
00:57
and was able to pour himself a drink and got quite emotional over the fact
16
42000
3000
他就能自己倒水了，他激動地說，
01:00
that, quote -- his quote --
17
45000
3000
他說，
01:03
it's the first time he's felt like he's had an arm in 39 years.
18
48000
4000
這是他39年來第一次覺得自己的手臂又長回來了。
01:07
But that would sort of be jumping to the middle of the story,
19
52000
3000
我好像講得太快了，都跳到故事中段去了。
01:10
and I'm not going to show you that polished video.
20
55000
2000
我今天不想放那段修飾過的影片，
01:12
I'm going to, instead, in a minute or two,
21
57000
2000
我想要放的是更早之前拍的
01:14
show you an early, crude video
22
59000
3000
一段較為寫實的一至二分鐘影片，
01:17
because I think it's
23
62000
2000
我覺得這段影片
01:19
a better way to tell a story.
24
64000
4000
更能表達出真實的故事。
01:23
A few years ago I was visited by
25
68000
2000
幾年前，國防部高等計畫
01:25
the guy that runs DARPA,
26
70000
2000
研究局的局長來找我，
01:27
the people that fund all the advanced technologies
27
72000
3000
他們贊助的先進科技
01:30
that businesses and universities probably wouldn't take the risk of doing.
28
75000
7000
是許多企業或大學認為不值得投資的科技，
01:37
They have a particular interest in ones that will help our soldiers.
29
82000
4000
他們對可以協助軍人的科技特別感興趣。
01:41
I get this sort of unrequested -- by me anyway -- visit,
30
86000
5000
就這樣，我見了這個不速之客，
01:46
and sitting in my conference room is a very senior surgeon
31
91000
3000
陪同局長坐在我的會議室的
01:49
from the military
32
94000
2000
是軍中的一位
01:51
and the guy that runs DARPA.
33
96000
4000
資深外科手術醫生。
01:55
They proceed to tell me a story which comes down
34
100000
3000
他們告訴我一件事，
01:58
to basically the following. We have used such advanced technologies
35
103000
3000
我們現在所使用的科技非常先進，
02:01
now and made them available
36
106000
3000
就連遠在阿富汗、伊拉克
02:04
in the most remote places that we put soldiers:
37
109000
3000
山岳裡的軍人，
02:07
hills of Afghanistan, Iraq ...
38
112000
4000
也都可以使用。
02:11
They were quite proud of the fact that
39
116000
2000
他們覺得很驕傲，
02:13
you know, before the dust clears,
40
118000
3000
因為在戰事過後，
02:16
if some soldier has been hurt
41
121000
2000
如果有士兵受傷了，
02:18
they will have collected him or her, they will have brought him back,
42
123000
3000
他們很快就能把士兵救回來，送到醫院，
02:21
they will be getting world-class triage emergency care
43
126000
3000
讓受傷的士兵接受世界級的急救醫療，
02:24
faster than you and I would be getting it if we were hurt
44
129000
4000
其速度之快，比你我在美國各大都市發生車禍受傷，
02:28
in a car accident in a major city in the United States.
45
133000
4000
被送到醫院接受急救還要快。
02:32
That's the good news.
46
137000
2000
這很不錯，
02:34
The bad news is if they've collected this person
47
139000
3000
糟糕的是，若他們救回來的士兵，
02:37
and he or she is missing an arm or leg,
48
142000
3000
斷了一條手臂、斷了一條腿、
02:40
part of the face, it's probably not coming back.
49
145000
4000
或毁容了，就很難回復到原來的狀況。
02:44
So, they started giving me the statistics on how many of these kids had lost an arm.
50
149000
4000
他們告訴我這些士兵斷掉手臂的統計數據，
02:48
And then the surgeon pointed out, with a lot of anger,
51
153000
3000
外科手術醫生則氣沖沖地說：
02:51
he said, "Why is it? At the end of the Civil War,
52
156000
4000
「在南北戰爭的時候，
02:55
they were shooting each other with muskets. If somebody lost an arm,
53
160000
2000
大家用的是毛瑟槍，如果有人斷了手臂，
02:57
we gave them a wooden stick with a hook on it.
54
162000
5000
我們就幫他們裝上一支木棍，外加一個鈎子。
03:02
Now we've got F18s and F22s,
55
167000
3000
我們現在都已經改用F18和F22戰機了，
03:05
and if somebody loses an arm,
56
170000
2000
為什麼每當有人手臂斷掉時，
03:07
we give them a plastic stick with a hook on it."
57
172000
3000
我們還是只給他們一支塑膠棍子外加一個鈎子呢？」
03:10
And they basically said, "This is unacceptable,"
58
175000
4000
他們覺得這樣很不合理，
03:14
and then the punchline: "So, Dean,
59
179000
2000
最後他們說：「迪恩，
03:16
we're here because you make medical stuff.
60
181000
2000
我知道你有製作醫療器材，
03:18
You're going to give us an arm."
61
183000
3000
你一定要幫我們做出一支手臂來。」
03:21
And I was waiting for the 500 pages of bureaucracy,
62
186000
3000
那時我想，或許他們會給我一份高達500頁的
03:24
paperwork and DODs.
63
189000
3000
官樣文章，
03:27
No, the guy says,
64
192000
3000
結果沒有。局長說：
03:30
"We're going to bring a guy into this conference room,
65
195000
4000
「我們會請一位斷了手臂的士兵來這裡，
03:34
and wearing the arm you're going to give us,
66
199000
3000
試戴你為我們設計的義肢，
03:37
he or she is going to pick up a raisin or a grape
67
202000
2000
他要能用那支義肢拿起桌上的葡萄乾
03:39
off this table.
68
204000
2000
或葡萄，
03:41
If it's the grape, they won't break it."
69
206000
3000
而不會把葡萄捏碎。」
03:44
Great he needs efferent, afferent, haptic response sensors.
70
209000
3000
哦！他們要的就是要具備傳出、傳入的功能，還要有觸覺。
03:47
"If it's the raisin, they won't drop it."
71
212000
3000
「也不會把葡萄乾掉在地上。」
03:50
So he wants fine motor control: flex at the wrist,
72
215000
5000
他要能控制細部動作，手腕要能彎曲，
03:55
flex at the elbow, abduct and flex at the shoulder.
73
220000
4000
手肘要能彎曲，肩膀要能彎曲和伸展，
03:59
Either way they were going to eat it.
74
224000
2000
不管怎樣就是要把食物送進嘴裡就是了。
04:01
"Oh, by the way Dean. It's going to fit on a 50th percentile female frame --
75
226000
4000
「對了，迪恩，我們要的是一般女人尺寸的義肢，
04:05
namely 32 inches from the long finger --
76
230000
3000
也就是從肩膀到手指長約80公分，
04:08
and weigh less than nine pounds."
77
233000
3000
重量不超過4公斤的義肢。
04:11
50th percentile female frame.
78
236000
3000
也就是一般女人的尺寸，
04:14
"And it's going to be completely self contained including all its power."
79
239000
4000
裡面要有所有的功能，當然還要包含電力供應系統。」
04:18
So, they finished that. And I, as you can tell,
80
243000
2000
他們說完了。但我，你看得出來
04:20
am a bashful guy.
81
245000
2000
我是個腼腆的人，
04:22
I told them they're nuts.
82
247000
2000
我告訴他們，他們瘋了。
04:24
(Laughter)
83
249000
2000
(笑聲)
04:26
They've been watching too much "Terminator."
84
251000
2000
他們大概看太多「魔鬼終結者」了。
04:28
(Laughter)
85
253000
2000
(笑聲)
04:30
Then, the surgeon says to me,
86
255000
3000
接著，外科手術醫生告訴我：
04:33
"Dean, you need to know
87
258000
3000
「迪恩，你必須知道，
04:36
more than two dozen of these kids have come back
88
261000
3000
有超過24個士兵
04:39
bilateral."
89
264000
2000
是雙臂全斷的。」
04:41
Now, I cannot imagine --
90
266000
2000
我真的很難想像，
04:43
I'm sorry, you may have a better
91
268000
4000
你們可能比我
04:47
imagination than I do --
92
272000
2000
更能想像吧...
04:49
I can't imagine losing my arm,
93
274000
3000
我不能想像失去手臂的感覺，
04:52
and typically at 22 years old.
94
277000
3000
尤其是在22歲這麼年輕的時候；
04:55
But compared to that, losing two?
95
280000
3000
但失去一條手臂和失去雙臂比起來，
04:58
Seems like that would be an inconvenience.
96
283000
4000
似乎只是稍微有點不方便而已。
05:02
Anyway, I went home that night. I thought about it.
97
287000
3000
總之，我那晚回到家，我思考著這件事，
05:05
I literally could not sleep
98
290000
2000
無法入眠，
05:07
thinking about, "I wonder how you'd roll over
99
292000
2000
因為我在想，如果沒有肩膀，
05:09
with no shoulders."
100
294000
4000
要怎麼翻身？
05:13
So, I decided we've got to do this.
101
298000
3000
因此，我決定要開發這種義肢。
05:16
And trust me, I've got a day job, I've got a lot of day jobs.
102
301000
2000
相信我，我那時有白天的工作，有好幾個白天的工作，
05:18
Most of my day job keeps me busy
103
303000
3000
這些工作主要是為我手上的幾個專案
05:21
funding my fantasies like FIRST and water and power ....
104
306000
2000
籌募資金，像是創新專案和水電專案等。
05:23
And I've got a lot of day jobs.
105
308000
3000
雖然我已經有這麼多事要做，
05:26
But I figured I gotta do this.
106
311000
4000
但我想：「這件事一定要做。」
05:30
Did a little investigation,
107
315000
2000
我做了一些調查，
05:32
went down to Washington, told them
108
317000
3000
然後我跑到華盛頓去告訴他們，
05:35
I still think they're nuts but we're going to do it.
109
320000
5000
我還是覺得他們瘋了，但我們會盡力開發。
05:40
And I told them I'd build them an arm.
110
325000
2000
我告訴他們我會開發這種義肢，
05:42
I told them it would probably take five years to get through the FDA,
111
327000
3000
然後大概要等上五年FDA(食品藥物管理局)才會通過，
05:45
and probably 10 years to be reasonably functional.
112
330000
3000
我估計大概要十年才能讓義肢運作。
05:48
Look what it takes to make things like iPods.
113
333000
4000
你看看iPod花了多少時間才上市。
05:52
"Great," he said, "You got two years."
114
337000
3000
局長說：「很好，你只有二年時間。」
05:55
(Laughter)
115
340000
1000
(笑聲)
05:56
I said, "I'll tell you what. I'll build you an arm
116
341000
2000
我說：「這麼說吧，開發這個
05:58
that's under nine pounds
117
343000
2000
不到4公斤的義肢，
06:00
that has all that capability in one year.
118
345000
2000
裡面還要有這麼多功能，只需要一年時間；
06:02
It will take the other nine to make it functional and useful."
119
347000
4000
但要讓義肢變得好用並順利運作，得花另外九年的時間。」
06:06
We sort of agreed to disagree.
120
351000
2000
我們都瞭解彼此的看法了。
06:08
I went back and I started putting a team together,
121
353000
2000
我回去組了一個團隊，
06:10
the best guys I could find with a passion to do this.
122
355000
3000
團隊裡都是具有無比熱情的菁英份子。
06:13
At the end of exactly one year
123
358000
3000
在一年過去之後，
06:16
we had a device with 14 degrees of freedom,
124
361000
2000
我們開發出一個可以自由活動14度的義肢，
06:18
all the sensors, all the microprocessors,
125
363000
3000
裡面有好幾組感知器和微處理器，
06:21
all the stuff inside.
126
366000
2000
還有各項必備零件。
06:23
I could show you it with a cosmesis on it
127
368000
2000
我可以給你們看包覆了人工皮膚之後的樣子，
06:25
that's so real it's eerie, but then you wouldn't see
128
370000
2000
看起來就像真的手臂一樣，但你們就看不到
06:27
all this cool stuff.
129
372000
3000
裡面那些很酷的零件了。
06:30
I then thought it would be years
130
375000
2000
我接著想到或許還要好幾年
06:32
before we'd be able to make it really, really useful.
131
377000
5000
才能把這種義肢修正到真正好用的狀況，
06:37
It turned out, as I think you could see
132
382000
2000
但後來，從艾美(Aimee Mullins)的能力和態度
06:39
in Aimee's capabilities and attitudes,
133
384000
4000
我想你們也看得到，
06:43
people with a desire to do something
134
388000
3000
只要有心就能把事情做得很棒，
06:46
are quite remarkable and nature is quite adaptable.
135
391000
4000
人們有很強的適應力。
06:50
Anyway, with less than 10 hours of use,
136
395000
4000
總之，有二個人試用了不到十小時，
06:54
two guys -- one that's bilateral.
137
399000
4000
其中一個人雙臂斷掉，
06:58
He's literally, he's got no shoulder on one side,
138
403000
3000
有一邊連肩膀也沒有，
07:01
and he's high trans-humeral on the other.
139
406000
2000
另一邊則齊肩斷掉。
07:03
And that's Chuck and Randy together,
140
408000
5000
這二位是恰克和藍迪，
07:08
after 10 hours -- were playing in our office.
141
413000
3000
十個小時之後，他們就在我們的辦公室玩起來了，
07:11
And we took some pretty cruddy home movies.
142
416000
4000
於是我們幫他們錄下了一些可愛的片段。
07:15
At the end of the one I'm going to show, it's only about a minute
143
420000
2000
我要播放的影片大概只有一分多鐘，
07:17
and a couple of seconds long,
144
422000
5000
但在影片的最後，
07:22
Chuck does something that to this day I'm jealous of,
145
427000
3000
恰克做了一件讓我到現在都還很嫉妒的事，
07:25
I can't do it.
146
430000
2000
因為我做不到：
07:27
He picks up a spoon, picks it up,
147
432000
2000
他把一支湯匙拿起來，
07:29
scoops out some Shredded Wheat and milk,
148
434000
4000
挖出一些燕麥糊，
07:33
holds the spoon level
149
438000
2000
把湯匙放平，
07:35
as he translates it, moving all these joints simultaneously,
150
440000
3000
然後想辦法同時移動所有的關節，
07:38
to his mouth, and he doesn't drop any milk.
151
443000
3000
把東西送進嘴裡，連一滴也沒有掉下來。
07:41
(Laughter)
152
446000
1000
(笑聲)
07:42
I cannot do that.
153
447000
2000
我就做不到。
07:44
(Laughter)
154
449000
2000
(笑聲)
07:46
His wife was standing behind me.
155
451000
2000
他太太那時站在我後面，
07:48
She's standing behind me at the time
156
453000
2000
就站在我後面，
07:50
and she says, "Dean,
157
455000
3000
她說：「迪恩，
07:53
Chuck hasn't fed himself in 19 years.
158
458000
4000
恰克已經有19年沒有自己吃東西了，
07:57
So, you've got a choice:
159
462000
2000
所以你可以選擇
07:59
We keep the arm, or you keep Chuck."
160
464000
2000
把義肢交給我們，或是我們把恰克留給你。」
08:01
(Laughter) (Applause)
161
466000
3000
(笑聲)
08:04
So, can we see that?
162
469000
4000
現在可以看影片了嗎？
08:14
This is Chuck showing simultaneous control
163
479000
2000
現在恰克在示範如何同時控制
08:16
of all the joints.
164
481000
2000
所有的關節，
08:18
He's punching our controls guy. The guy behind him
165
483000
2000
他在對我們的控制工程師出拳，在他身後的人
08:20
is our engineer/surgeon,
166
485000
2000
是我們的工程師兼外科醫生，
08:22
which is a convenient guy to have around.
167
487000
4000
有他在身邊我們比較放心。
08:26
There's Randy, these guys are passing a rubber
168
491000
3000
這是藍迪，他們二個在互傳
08:29
little puck between them.
169
494000
3000
一個橡膠球。
08:32
And just as in the spirit of FIRST,
170
497000
3000
就如同我旗下的創新基金會的成立宗旨一樣，
08:35
gracious professionalism, they are quite proud of this,
171
500000
2000
這具有高尚、專業的精神，他們很自豪，
08:37
so they decide to share a drink.
172
502000
3000
所以決定來喝一杯。
08:40
This is a non-trivial thing to do, by the way.
173
505000
3000
這可不是一件簡單的事，
08:43
Imagine doing that with a wooden stick and a hook on the end of it,
174
508000
3000
想像一下，如果你的義肢是一枝木棍外加一個鈎子，
08:46
doing either of those.
175
511000
2000
你能做到這些事嗎？
08:48
Now Chuck is doing something quite extraordinary,
176
513000
3000
現在，恰克要做一件了不起的事，
08:51
at least for my limited physical skill.
177
516000
5000
而我從來都做不來這件事。
08:56
And now he's going to do what DARPA asked me for.
178
521000
3000
現在，他要做的是國防部要求我要做到的，
08:59
He's going to pick up a grape -- he didn't drop it,
179
524000
2000
就是要拿起一顆葡萄，他沒有落掉那顆葡萄，
09:01
he didn't break it --
180
526000
3000
也沒有捏碎它，
09:04
and he's going to eat it.
181
529000
3000
他要把它放進嘴裡了。
09:07
So, that's where we were
182
532000
2000
這就是我們開發了
09:09
at the end of about 15 months.
183
534000
2000
15個月的成果。
09:11
(Applause)
184
536000
12000
(掌聲)
09:23
But, as I've learned from Richard,
185
548000
3000
但是，我從理察那裡知道，
09:26
the technology, the processors, the sensors, the motors,
186
551000
5000
技術、處理器、感知器和馬達這一類的東西，
09:31
is not the story.
187
556000
4000
全都不重要，
09:35
I hadn't dealt with this kind of problem
188
560000
3000
我還沒見識過
09:38
or frankly, this whole segment
189
563000
3000
整個醫療體系
09:41
of the medical world.
190
566000
2000
的厲害呢！
09:43
I'll give you some astounding things that have happened
191
568000
3000
我來告訴各位一些我們在開發過程中，所遇到的各種
09:46
as we started this.
192
571000
3000
令人驚訝的事。
09:49
After we were pretty much convinced we had a good design,
193
574000
4000
在我們以為自己的設計沒什麼問題之後，
09:53
and we'd have to make all the standard engineering trade-offs you always make --
194
578000
3000
我們做了許多工程上的標準取捨程序，
09:56
you can always get three out of four of anything you want;
195
581000
3000
也就是在四種東西裡面選出三種好的，
09:59
the weight, the size, the cost, the functionality --
196
584000
3000
像是在重量、大小、成本和功能之中進行挑選。
10:02
I put a bunch of guys in my plane
197
587000
2000
我把大家都送上我的飛機，
10:04
and I said, "We're flying down to Walter Reed, and we're going talk to these kids,
198
589000
3000
然後告訴他們，我們要飛到華特里德醫院，和那些受傷的士兵訪談。
10:07
because frankly it doesn't matter whether we like this arm.
199
592000
2000
老實說，我們喜不喜歡那些義肢並不重要，
10:09
It doesn't matter whether the
200
594000
2000
國防部喜不喜歡
10:11
Department of Defense likes this arm."
201
596000
2000
也不重要，
10:13
When I told them that they weren't entirely enthusiastic,
202
598000
3000
當然，當我告訴國防部這個事實時，他們並不高興，
10:16
but I told them, "It really doesn't matter what their opinion is.
203
601000
3000
但我告訴他們，他們的意見並不重要，
10:19
There is only one opinion that matters,
204
604000
2000
我們只重視一種意見，
10:21
the kids that are either going to use it or not."
205
606000
4000
就是那些受傷士兵的意見，他們想不想用才重要。
10:25
I told a bunch of my engineers, "Look we're going to walk into Walter Reed,
206
610000
3000
我告訴我們的工程師：「我們現在要去華特里德醫院，
10:28
and you're going to see people, lots of them,
207
613000
4000
你們會看到很多
10:32
missing major body parts.
208
617000
2000
失去手腳的人，
10:34
They're probably going to be angry, depressed, frustrated.
209
619000
5000
他們可能會很生氣、憤怒或沮喪，
10:39
We're probably going to have to give them support, encouragement.
210
624000
3000
我們應該要支持他們，給他們鼓勵，
10:42
But we've got to extract from them
211
627000
3000
但我們要從他們那裡知道
10:45
enough information to make sure we're doing the right thing."
212
630000
5000
我們到底做得對不對。」
10:50
We walked into Walter Reed and I could not have been more wrong.
213
635000
5000
當我們走進華特里德醫院之後，我才發現我大錯特錯。
10:55
We did see a bunch of people,
214
640000
2000
我們確實看到很多人，
10:57
a lot of them missing a lot of body parts,
215
642000
4000
很多失去手腳的人，
11:01
and parts they had left were burned;
216
646000
2000
有人殘餘的肢體有燒傷的痕跡，
11:03
half a face gone, an ear burned off.
217
648000
4000
有人半邊臉不見了，有人的耳朵被燒掉了。
11:10
They were sitting at a table. They were brought together for us.
218
655000
2000
他們都圍坐在一張桌子邊，他們是為我們的到訪而聚集在那裡，
11:12
And we started asking them all questions.
219
657000
2000
所以我們開始問他們問題，
11:14
"Look," I'd say to them, "We're not quite as good as nature yet.
220
659000
3000
像是：「我們還沒辦法做到跟天生的肢體一樣，
11:17
I could give you fine motor control,
221
662000
3000
但我可以讓你做到細部動作控制，
11:20
or I could let you curl 40 pounds;
222
665000
2000
或是讓你拿起20公斤重的東西，
11:22
I probably can't do both.
223
667000
2000
但沒辦法同時做這二件事。
11:24
I can give you fast control
224
669000
2000
我可以用低耗損率的齒輪
11:26
with low reduction ratios in these gears,
225
671000
2000
讓你快速控制你的義肢，
11:28
or I can give you power;
226
673000
2000
或是讓你產生力量，
11:30
I can't give you both.
227
675000
2000
但沒辦法同時做到這二者。
11:32
And we were trying to get them to all help us
228
677000
3000
我們希望他們全都能幫我們
11:35
know what to give them.
229
680000
3000
瞭解他們的需求，
11:38
Not only were they enthusiastic, they kept thinking
230
683000
2000
但他們表現得太積極了，他們不斷地想
11:40
they're there to help us.
231
685000
2000
有什麼可以幫助我們的。
11:42
"Well, would it help if I ..."
232
687000
2000
「嗯，如果我這樣做，可以幫到你們嗎？」
11:44
"Guys, and woman,
233
689000
3000
各位，
11:47
you've given enough.
234
692000
2000
你們給的夠多了，
11:49
We're here to help you. We need data. We need to know
235
694000
2000
我們是來幫助你們的，我們需要你們提供資料，
11:51
what you need."
236
696000
3000
我們要知道你們想要什麼。
11:54
After a half an hour, maybe, there was one guy at the far end of the table
237
699000
3000
經過一個半小時之後，有個坐在桌子另一頭的人，
11:57
who wasn't saying much.
238
702000
2000
他一直沒有說太多話，
11:59
You could see he was missing an arm.
239
704000
2000
他斷了一條手臂，
12:01
He was leaning on his other arm.
240
706000
3000
就用另一條手臂撐著。
12:04
I called down to the end, "Hey, you haven't said much.
241
709000
2000
我對著桌子另一頭說：「嘿，你沒有說什麼話耶，
12:06
If we needed this or this, what would you want?"
242
711000
3000
有沒有什麼是你需要的？」
12:09
And he said, "You know,
243
714000
2000
他說：「你知道嗎？
12:13
I'm the lucky guy at this table.
244
718000
2000
我算是這裡面幸運的了，
12:15
I lost my right arm,
245
720000
2000
我斷的是右手，
12:17
but I'm a lefty."
246
722000
2000
還好我是左撇子。」
12:19
(Laughter)
247
724000
1000
(笑聲)
12:20
So, he wouldn't say much.
248
725000
2000
所以，他沒有什麼好說的。
12:22
He had a great spirit, like all the rest of them had great spirits.
249
727000
4000
他的態度很令人敬佩，就像其他人一樣令人敬佩。
12:26
And he made a few comments.
250
731000
2000
他後來發表了一些評論，
12:28
And then the meeting ended. We said goodbye to all these guys.
251
733000
3000
然後會議就結束了。我們和這些人一一道別，
12:31
And that guy pushed himself back from the table ...
252
736000
3000
那個人則把自己從椅子上推離開桌子，
12:34
he has no legs.
253
739000
2000
我們才發現他沒有雙腳。
12:40
So, we left.
254
745000
3000
我們離開了那裡。
12:43
And I was thinking,
255
748000
3000
我那時在想，
12:46
"We didn't give them support and encouragement;
256
751000
3000
我們一點也沒有給予他們支持，也沒有鼓勵他們，
12:49
they gave it to us.
257
754000
3000
反而是他們鼓勵了我們；
12:52
They're not finished giving yet."
258
757000
3000
他們還不斷地提供我們意見，
12:55
It was astounding.
259
760000
3000
這真是太驚人了！
12:58
So, we went back.
260
763000
2000
所以，我們回到實驗室，
13:00
And I started working harder, faster.
261
765000
3000
工作得更加勤奮、更加快速。
13:06
Then we went out to Brooke Army Medical Center.
262
771000
4000
接下來我們去拜訪了布魯克軍人醫院，
13:10
And we saw lots of these kids, lots of them.
263
775000
4000
我們也看到許多年輕的士兵，
13:14
And it was astounding
264
779000
2000
他們的態度
13:16
how positive they are.
265
781000
4000
真的很令人敬佩。
13:20
So, we went back,
266
785000
3000
我們又回到了實驗室，
13:23
and we've been working harder yet.
267
788000
2000
我們又工作得更加勤奮。
13:25
We're in clinical trials,
268
790000
2000
現在我們在進行臨床實驗，
13:27
we've got five of them on people.
269
792000
2000
有五個人參與實驗，
13:29
We're screaming along.
270
794000
2000
一路走來有不斷的驚喜。
13:31
And I get a call and we go back
271
796000
3000
我接到一通電話，
13:34
to Washington.
272
799000
3000
所以我們就去了華盛頓，
13:37
We go back to Walter Reed,
273
802000
2000
回到華特里德醫院，
13:39
and a kid, literally,
274
804000
3000
那裡有一個年輕士兵，
13:42
20 some-odd days before that
275
807000
3000
在二十多天前
13:45
was blown up.
276
810000
4000
被炸傷了。
13:49
And they shipped him to Germany
277
814000
2000
他被送往德國，
13:51
and 24 hours later they shipped him from Germany
278
816000
3000
然後在24小時之後，又從德國被送回
13:54
to Walter Reed.
279
819000
4000
華特里德醫院。
13:58
And he was there,
280
823000
2000
他就在那裡，
14:00
and they said we needed to come.
281
825000
2000
他們說我們一定得來這一趟，
14:02
And I went down
282
827000
2000
所以我就去了。
14:04
and they rolled him into a room.
283
829000
4000
他們把他送進一間病房，
14:08
He's got no legs.
284
833000
2000
他失去了雙腳，
14:10
He's got no arms.
285
835000
2000
也失去了二條手臂，
14:12
He's got a small residual limb on one side.
286
837000
3000
只有一邊還有殘餘的一小截肢體。
14:15
Half of his face is gone,
287
840000
3000
他有半邊臉不見了，
14:18
but they said his vision is coming back.
288
843000
3000
但他們說他的視力正在恢復，
14:21
He had one good eye.
289
846000
3000
他還有一隻好的眼睛。
14:24
His name is Brandon Marrocco.
290
849000
3000
他的名字是布蘭登．莫洛克，
14:27
And he said,
291
852000
3000
他說：
14:30
"I need your arms,
292
855000
2000
「我需要你們的義肢，
14:32
but I need two of them."
293
857000
3000
而且我要訂二個。」
14:35
"You'll get them."
294
860000
2000
我會給你的。
14:37
This kid was from Staten Island.
295
862000
3000
這個年輕士兵來自史丹頓島，
14:40
And he said, "I had a truck,
296
865000
2000
他說：「在我從軍之前，
14:42
before I went over there,
297
867000
2000
我有一輛卡車，
14:44
and it had a stick.
298
869000
3000
是手排車，
14:47
You think I'll be able to drive it?"
299
872000
2000
你覺得我還能開嗎？」
14:49
"Sure."
300
874000
2000
當然。
14:51
And I turned around and went, "How are we going to do this?"
301
876000
2000
但我後來想：「要怎麼辦才好啊？」
14:53
(Laughter)
302
878000
1000
(笑聲)
14:54
Anyway, he was just like all the rest of them.
303
879000
4000
總之，他就像其他失去手腳的士兵一樣，
14:58
He doesn't really want a lot.
304
883000
2000
要求並不多，
15:00
He wants to help. He told me that
305
885000
2000
他也想要幫助我們，他告訴我，
15:02
he wanted to go back
306
887000
2000
他想要回去
15:04
to help his buddies.
307
889000
3000
幫忙他的好朋友。
15:09
So, I was on my way out here.
308
894000
3000
在我來這裡之前，
15:12
I was asked to stop at Texas.
309
897000
4000
有人幫我安排去了一趟德州，
15:16
There were 3,500 people,
310
901000
2000
那裡有3500人聚集在
15:18
the Veteran's Administration,
311
903000
2000
退伍軍人協會，
15:20
U.S. ... just 3,500 at this huge event
312
905000
3000
有3500人參與這場盛會，
15:23
to help the families
313
908000
3000
他們要幫助
15:26
of all the kids --
314
911000
4000
所有士兵的家庭，
15:30
some that have died, some that are
315
915000
2000
有些士兵死了，有些則像
15:32
like Brandon --
316
917000
2000
布蘭登一樣，
15:34
and they wanted me to speak.
317
919000
2000
他們要我上台致詞。
15:36
I said, "What am I going to say?
318
921000
2000
我說：「我該說些什麼？
15:38
This is not a happy thing. Look, if this happens to you,
319
923000
2000
這可不是什麼愉快的場合，如果你發生這種不幸的事，
15:40
I can give you ... This stuff is
320
925000
2000
我當然可以幫你，但是這種義肢
15:42
still not as good at the original equipment."
321
927000
3000
絕對不會比天生的手臂來得好。」
15:47
"You need to come."
322
932000
2000
「你來就是了。」
15:49
So, I went.
323
934000
2000
所以我就去了。
15:51
And, as I think you get the point,
324
936000
3000
我想你們應該猜得到，
15:54
there were a lot people there recovering.
325
939000
3000
那裡有許多人正在復原，
15:57
Some further along than others.
326
942000
3000
有些人復原得很好，
16:00
But universally, these people that had been through this
327
945000
3000
但總體來說，這些人經過了這些事後，還能保持
16:03
had astounding attitudes,
328
948000
3000
這種態度，真的很令人敬佩。
16:06
and just the fact that people care
329
951000
5000
就因為大家都很關心他們，
16:11
makes a huge difference to them.
330
956000
3000
因此讓他們變得與眾不同。
16:14
I'll shut up, except one message
331
959000
4000
我該住嘴了，但我要再談一件事，
16:21
or concern I have.
332
966000
2000
一件我擔心的事。
16:23
I don't think anybody does it intentionally,
333
968000
4000
我不認為有人會故意這麼做，
16:27
but there were people there literally talking about,
334
972000
2000
但總有人會問：
16:29
"Well, how much will they get?"
335
974000
3000
「他們會得到多少錢？」
16:34
You know, this country is involved as we've all heard,
336
979000
2000
我們早就知道這個國家
16:36
in this great healthcare debate.
337
981000
4000
針對健保制度總是爭論不休，
16:40
"Who is entitled to what?
338
985000
3000
那誰該負起責任？
16:43
Who is entitled to how much?
339
988000
2000
每個人能拿多少補助？
16:45
Who is going to pay for it?"
340
990000
4000
誰要來買單？
16:49
Those are tough questions.
341
994000
2000
這些都是很難回答的問題，
16:51
I don't have an answer to that. Not everybody
342
996000
2000
我自己也沒有答案，不是說你是這個國家的國民，
16:53
can be entitled to everything simply because you were born here.
343
998000
3000
你就有義務為每一件事負責任，
16:56
It's not possible. It would be nice
344
1001000
2000
這絕對不可能。但如果我們能夠
16:58
but let's be realistic.
345
1003000
2000
更實際一點會更好。
17:00
They were tough questions. There's polarized groups down there.
346
1005000
2000
都是不易回答的問題，到處都有持相反意見的人，
17:02
I don't know the answers.
347
1007000
3000
我不知道這些問題的答案。
17:05
There are other questions that are tough.
348
1010000
2000
還有很多更難回答的問題：
17:07
"Should we be there?
349
1012000
2000
我們該出兵伊拉克嗎？
17:09
How do we get out?
350
1014000
2000
要怎麼進行撤軍？
17:11
What do we need to do?" There's very polarized
351
1016000
2000
我們該怎麼做？這些問題絕對都有
17:13
answers to that question too,
352
1018000
1000
正反二面的答案，
17:14
and I don't have any answers to that.
353
1019000
4000
我也不知道該怎麼回答這些問題。
17:18
Those are political questions, economic questions,
354
1023000
2000
這些是政治問題、經濟問題
17:20
strategic questions.
355
1025000
4000
和策略問題，
17:24
I don't have the answer. But let me give you a simple
356
1029000
3000
我沒有答案。但讓我說明
17:27
concern or maybe statement, then.
357
1032000
3000
我的立場：
17:32
It is an easy answer.
358
1037000
3000
答案很簡單，
17:35
I know what these kids deserve
359
1040000
3000
我知道在醫療照護方面，
17:38
on the healthcare side.
360
1043000
3000
這些年輕的士兵該獲得什麼樣的照護，
17:41
I was talking to one of them,
361
1046000
3000
我曾和其中一位士兵聊過，
17:44
and he was really liking this arm --
362
1049000
2000
他非常喜歡這種義肢，
17:46
it's way, way, way better than a plastic
363
1051000
3000
那遠比一支塑膠棍子
17:49
stick with a hook on it --
364
1054000
3000
外加一個鈎子好上太多了。
17:52
but there's nobody in this room that would rather have that
365
1057000
2000
但在這個房間裡的人，也沒人願意用義肢
17:54
than the one you got.
366
1059000
4000
代替天生的手臂。
17:58
But I was saying to him, "You know,
367
1063000
2000
但我告訴他：「你知道嗎？
18:00
the first airplane
368
1065000
2000
第一架飛機
18:02
went 100 feet in 1903.
369
1067000
3000
在1903年時，只飛了30公尺，
18:05
Wilbur and Orville.
370
1070000
3000
那是韋伯和歐威爾製造的，
18:08
But you know what? It wouldn't have made an old pigeon jealous.
371
1073000
3000
就連一隻老得不能再老的鴿子，也不會羨慕這種飛機。
18:11
But now we got Eagles out there,
372
1076000
3000
但現在我們有了老鷹號戰機、
18:14
F15s, even that Bald Eagle.
373
1079000
5000
F15和秃鷹號戰機，
18:19
I've never seen a bird flying around at Mach 2.
374
1084000
4000
我從來沒看過有哪一隻鳥可以飛得和馬赫2號一樣高，
18:23
I think eventually we'll make these things extraordinary."
375
1088000
5000
我想我們最後一定能把這種義肢做得更加完美。」
18:28
And I said to that kid,
376
1093000
2000
我對那年輕的士兵說：
18:30
"I'll stop when your buddies
377
1095000
3000
「只要你的朋友開始
18:33
are envious of your Luke arm
378
1098000
4000
羨慕你的義肢所能做到的事，
18:37
because of what it can do, and how it does it.
379
1102000
3000
或是義肢的種種功能，我就能休息了。
18:40
And we'll keep working. And I'm not going to stop working
380
1105000
3000
但在那之前，我會一直努力工作，
18:43
until we do that."
381
1108000
3000
直到有那一天為止。」
18:46
And I think this country
382
1111000
3000
我認為，我們國家
18:49
ought to continue its great debate,
383
1114000
2000
應該繼續這種不同意見的交流，
18:51
whining and complaining, "I'm entitled." "You're a victim."
384
1116000
4000
不管是發牢騷或是抱怨，說什麼「我會負責」「你是受害者」一類的，
18:55
And whining and complaining about what our foreign policy ought to be.
385
1120000
3000
或是抱怨我們的外交政策該何去何從。
18:58
But while we have the luxury of whining and complaining about
386
1123000
3000
但在我們發牢騷或抱怨著
19:01
who's paying for what and how much we get,
387
1126000
3000
誰該支出這筆經費、我們會得到什麼的時候，
19:04
the people that are out there
388
1129000
2000
我們是否該想想那些在外戰鬥的士兵，
19:06
giving us that great privilege of whining and complaining,
389
1131000
2000
是他們讓我們享有發牢騷和抱怨的特權。
19:08
I know what they deserve:
390
1133000
2000
我知道該給他們什麼，
19:10
everything humanly possible.
391
1135000
3000
就是儘可能地以人道方式對待他們，
19:13
And we ought to give it to them.
392
1138000
2000
我們應該提供這些義肢給他們。
19:15
(Applause)
393
1140000
10000
(掌聲)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Dean Kamen - InventorDean Kamen landed in the limelight with the Segway, but he has been innovating since high school, with more than 150 patents under his belt. Recent projects include portable energy and water purification for the developing world, and a prosthetic arm for maimed soldiers.
Why you should listen
Dean Kamen is an innovator, but not just of things. He hopes to revolutionize attitudes, quality of life, awareness. While an undergraduate, he developed the first portable infusion device, which delivers drug treatments that once required round-the-clock hospital care. And, through his DEKA Research and Development, which he cofounded in 1982, he developed a portable dialysis machine, a vascular stent, and the iBOT -- a motorized wheelchair that climbs stairs (Stephen Colbert took one for a spin).
Yes, he's a college dropout, but he's a huge believer in education, and in 1989 established the nonprofit FIRST (For Inspiration and Recognition of Science and Technology) to inspire teenagers to pursue careers in science. FIRST sponsors lively annual competitions, where students form teams to create the best robot.
His focus now is on off-grid electricity and water purification for developing countries; another recent project, previewed at TED2007, is a prosthetic arm for maimed soldiers (read an update here). He's also working on a power source for the wonderful Think car. And, with more funding in the works, we haven't seen the last of the Segway.
Dean Kamen | Speaker | TED.com