Julia Dhar: How to disagree productively and find common ground
جوليا دار: كيفية الاختلاف بشكل مُثمِر وإيجاد أرضية مشتركة
BCG's Julia Dhar is a champion of ideas, facts and constructive disagreement. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
the only thing we can agree on
الوحيد الذي يمكن أن نتفق عليه
are screaming at each other,
يصرخ بعضهم في وجه الآخر،
community and connection,
عن الناس وعن التواصل،
feeling angry and alienated.
بالغضب والنفور.
because everyone else is yelling,
أن كل شخص آخر يصرخ،
disagree productively.
نختلف على نحو مُثمِر.
to bring new ideas to life.
وابتكار أفكار جديدة.
for structured disagreement
to persuade and be persuaded.
let me take you back a little bit.
أرجع بكم إلى الوراء قليلاً.
I loved arguing.
of your point of view,
loved this somewhat less.
from gymnastics to burn off some energy,
التمارين الرياضية لحرق بعض الطاقة،
from joining a debate team.
من المشاركة في فريق المناظرة.
to argue where they were not.
وأجادل في مكانٍ ما بعيدًا عنهم.
are really straightforward:
واضحة جداً:
that we favor free trade --
ونؤيد التجارة الحرة..
who speaks in favor of that idea,
of Canberra Girls Grammar School
في مدرسة (كانبيرا) للبنات
of all of the worst mistakes
the person making the argument
of the ideas themselves.
humiliated and ashamed.
the sophisticated response to that
into the world of debate, I loved it.
المناظرات، إلا أنها راقت لي.
worked really hard at it,
وعملت بجد حقًا على مدار سنوات طويلة،
at the technical craft of debate.
Debating Championships three times.
للمناظرة للمدارس ثلاث مرات.
that this is a thing.
I started coaching debaters,
at the top of their game,
is by finding common ground.
هي من خلال إيجاد أرضية مشتركة.
about how the world is, could, should be.
العالم والكيفية التي يمكن أن يكون عليها.
my experience-backed,
to talking to your cousin about politics
مع أقاربك حول السياسة
debates new proposals;
بها فريقك المقترحات الجديدة؛
our public conversation.
نغير بها الخطاب العام.
with the conflicting idea,
and I provide a response,
it's just pontificating.
إنما مجرد إلقاء مواعظ.
that the most successful debaters,
المناظريين نجاحاً،
to make the polarizing palatable.
لجعل الاستقطاب أمرًا سائغًا.
long time to figure out
start by finding common ground,
يبدأون بالبحث عن قواسم مشتركة،
that we can all agree on
equality between all people,
call shared reality.
is the antidote to alternative facts.
a platform to start to talk about it.
منصة لبدء الحديث عنه.
is that you end up doing it directly,
أنك تقوم بها بشكل مباشرة،
that that really matters.
at UC Berkeley and her colleagues
وزملاؤها من جامعة (UC Berkeley)
that listening to someone's voice
with what that person has to say.
ذلك الشخص أكثر سهولة.
start conversing.
وابدأ الجدال.
that notion a little bit,
on a parade of keynote speeches,
panel discussions,
with a structured debate.
at their centerpiece,
most controversial ideas in the field.
والأكثر إثارةً للجدل.
could devote 10 minutes
من اجتماعاتنا الأسبوعية
the way in which that team works.
الطريقة التي يعمل بها الفريق.
this one is both easy and free.
هذه فكرة سهلة ومجانية.
that we separate ideas
of the person discussing them.
unless it is controversial:
ليس هناك موضوع ما لم يكن مثيرًا للجدل،
the voting age, outlaw gambling.
قضاياهم التي يدافعون عنها.
to do what 10-year-old Julia did.
ما فعلته جوليا ذات العشرة أعوام.
making the argument is irrelevant,
الآخر هو أمر غير ذي صلة بالمناظرة
least personal version of the idea.
عن شخصية المنافس.
or naive to imagine
outside the high school auditorium.
من قاعة في مدرسة ثانوية.
as democrat or republican.
باعتبارها ديمقراطية أو جمهورية.
because they came from headquarters,
that we think is not like ours.
trying to come up with the next big idea,
الوصول إلى فكرة كبيرة قادمة،
to submit ideas anonymously.
تقديم أفكار من غير تحديد أصحابها.
government agencies
to reduce long-term unemployment.
البطالة طويلة الأمد.
public policy problems.
والتي تمت دراستها بشكل جيد.
right at the beginning,
from everywhere.
on an identical template.
they have no separate identity.
ليست لديها هوية تفصلها.
they are discussed, picked over,
more than 20 of those new ideas
ما يربو عن 20 من هذه الأفكار الجديدة
responsible for consideration.
the originator of those ideas
getting the ear of a policy advisor.
صعوبة في الوصول إلى مستشار السياسات.
entirely seriously if they did.
الجد في حال وجد الفرصة.
assistants who manage calendars,
المساعدون الذين يديرون التقويمات،
who weren't always trusted.
did the same thing.
a weekly cable news segment
liberal or conservative.
for and against a big idea
where the writers worked.
even our private disagreements,
rather than discussing identity.
بدلاً من مناقشة الهوية.
allows us to do as human beings
لنا به المناظرة لفعله كبشر
really open ourselves up
to disagree productively
attached to our ideas.
and that by extension, they own us.
ولدرجةٍ ما هي تملكنا.
المناظرة لمدة طويلة بما يكفي
the expansion of the welfare state.
flips a kind of cognitive switch.
هي نوع من الانتقال المعرفي.
that you don't have, starts to evaporate.
مخالفة لأفكارك، يبدأ في التلاشي.
stepping into those shoes.
the humility of uncertainty.
that makes us better decision-makers.
يجعلنا من أفضل صناع القرار.
at Duke University and his colleagues
(مارك ليري) في جامعة (Duke) وزملاءه
who are able to practice --
intellectual humility
فضيلة التواضع الفكري
a broad range of evidence,
مجموعة كبيرة من الأدلة،
when confronted with conflicting evidence.
يواجهون بأدلة معارضة.
decision-makers,
وصانعي القرارات،
to claim for ourselves.
that humility of uncertainty,
all of us, a question.
أن يطرح على الآخر سؤالاً،
should be asking it
and candidates for office, too.
الرئاسة أيضاً أن يطرحوا سؤالاً.
your mind about and why?"
and public conversations could work.
والنقاشات العامة.
television presenter Mister Rogers
المحبوب (مستر روجر)
subcommittee on communications,
والتابعة لمجلس شيوخ الولايات المتحدة،
curmudgeonly John Pastore.
(جون باستوري) المتشدد للغاية.
to make a kind of classic debate case,
لإجراء مناظرة تقليدية،
for public broadcasting.
للبث الإذاعي والتفلزيوني العام.
Senator Pastore is not having it.
really poorly for Mister Rogers.
ينتهي بشكل سيىء لـ (مستر روجر).
Mister Rogers makes the case
والعقلاني أدلى بالتالي
التفلزيونية والإذاعية،
that talk about the drama that arises
تتحدث عن الأحداث التي تحدث
engages and opens his mind.
(جون باستوري) يستمع ويشارك ويفتح عقله.
says to Mister Rogers,
(جون باستوري) ل(مستر روجر)،
a pretty tough guy,
I've had goosebumps in two days."
just earned the 20 million dollars."
قد حصلت على 20 مليون دولار."
of debate and persuasion.
تقنية في المناظرة والإقناع.
many more Senator Pastores.
(جون باستوري).
is that it lets you, it empowers you
and Senator Pastore simultaneously.
و (جون باستوري) في نفس الوقت.
that we talked about before,
الفرق التي تحدثنا عنها سابقاً،
to the possibility of being wrong.
حول احتمالية أن تكون مخطئاً.
what it would take to change their minds.
ما يلزم ليغيروا آراءهم.
not the exercise.
what it would take to change your mind,
ما يلزم لتغيير رأيك،
you were quite so sure in the first place.
مقتنعاً في بادئ الأمر.
that the practice of debate
for how to disagree productively.
our city council meetings.
the way that we talk to one another,
أن تغير الطريقة التي نتحاور بها،
and to start listening.
ومن البدء في الاستماع.
and to start persuading.
الآخرين إلى البدء في الاقتناع بها.
and to start opening our minds.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Julia Dhar - Business strategist, champion debaterBCG's Julia Dhar is a champion of ideas, facts and constructive disagreement.
Why you should listen
Julia Dhar won the World Schools Debate Championships three times, coached the New Zealand Schools' debating team to their first world debate championship win in 14 years and coached the Harvard University debate team to two world championships. Dhar co-founded and leads BeSmart, the Boston Consulting Group's Behavioral Economics and Insights initiative. She works globally to build organizations and societies that are more inclusive, generous and productive. Her book, The Decision Maker's Playbook: 12 Tactics for Thinking Clearly, Navigating Uncertainty, and Making Smarter Choices (with Simon Mueller), is set to be published by the Financial Times in 2019.
Julia Dhar | Speaker | TED.com