TED2006
Peter Gabriel: Fight injustice with raw video
ピーター・ガブリエル：ビデオを用いた不正との戦い
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音楽家であり活動家であるピーター・ガブリエルが、監視グループWITNESSと共に人権を擁護するきっかけとなった個人的動機について、またシチズンジャーナリストたちの活動について話します。
Peter Gabriel - Musician, activist
Peter Gabriel writes incredible songs but, as the co-founder of WITNESS and TheElders.org, is also a powerful human rights advocate. Full bio
Peter Gabriel writes incredible songs but, as the co-founder of WITNESS and TheElders.org, is also a powerful human rights advocate. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:25
I love trees, and I'm very lucky,
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私は木が大好きで 運がいいことに
00:28
because we live near a wonderful arboretum,
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美しい植物園の近くに住んでいます
00:31
and Sundays, usually, I'd go there with my wife
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普段 日曜にはそこに妻と
00:34
and now, with my four-year-old,
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4歳の子どもと一緒に出かけます
00:36
and we'd climb in the trees, we'd play hide and seek.
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そこで木登りしたり かくれんぼをする
00:39
The second school I was at had big trees too,
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私が通った二つ目の学校にも大木がありました
00:43
had a fantastic tulip tree, I think it was the biggest in the country,
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たしか英国最大の 見事なユリノキです
00:47
and it also had a lot of wonderful bushes and vegetation
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素晴らしい潅木や植物が周りに茂っていて
00:51
around it, around the playing fields.
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グラウンドの近くにありました
00:53
One day I was grabbed by some of my classmates,
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ある日 同級生たちに捕らえられた私は
00:57
and taken in the bushes -- I was stripped; I was attacked;
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茂みに連れ込まれ服を脱がされ 暴行されました
01:01
I was abused; and this came out of the blue.
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全くの不意の出来事でした
01:06
Now, the reason I say that, because, afterwards, I was thinking --
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そのあと校舎に戻った私は 自分が汚され裏切られたと―
01:10
well, I went back into the school -- I felt dirty; I felt betrayed;
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情けなく感じました 特に無力感でいっぱいだった
01:16
I felt ashamed, but mainly -- mainly, I felt powerless.
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なぜ今 私がこの話をするかというと―
01:23
And 30 years later I was sitting in an airplane,
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その30年後 私は飛行機に座っていました
01:26
next to a lady called Veronica, who came from Chile,
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隣には チリ出身のベロニカという女性がいて
01:29
and we were on a human rights tour,
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人権問題のツアー中でした
01:32
and she was starting to tell me what it was like to be tortured,
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彼女は拷問の体験について 話してくれました
01:37
and, from my very privileged position,
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恵まれた環境にいた私にとって
01:40
this was the only reference point that I had.
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この学校の事件しか 比較できるものがなかった
01:44
And it was an amazing learning experience
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この経験は私にいろんなことを教えてくれました
01:46
because, for me, human rights have been something in which I had,
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以前は人権問題とは 私にとって
01:49
you know, a part-time interest, but, mainly,
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時々思い出して考えるけど
01:52
it was something that happened to other people over there.
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どこか 対岸の火事のようなものでした
01:55
But I got a phone call from Bono in 1985 and, as you know,
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1985年 ボノから電話がありました ご存知のように
02:02
he's a great singer, but he's a magnificent hustler, and --
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彼は素晴らしいシンガーだが 素晴らしいハスラーでもある
02:07
(Laughter) --
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(笑)
02:09
a very hard guy to say no to, and he was saying,
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有無を言わさぬ男 ボノが
02:12
you know, just after I'd done the Biko song,
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ビコの歌の後 こう言ったんです
02:14
we're going to do a tour for Amnesty,
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俺たちアムネスティのツアーをする
02:16
you have to be on it, and really that was the first time
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お前も当然来るよな この電話がきっかけで
02:19
that I'd been out and started meeting people
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私もツアーに出て 人に会うようになりました
02:23
who'd watched their family being shot in front of them,
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目の前で家族が撃たれたり
02:26
who'd had a partner thrown out of an airplane into an ocean,
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飛行機から海に大切な人を落とされた人たちです
02:29
and suddenly this world of human rights arrived in my world,
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そうやって 突然人権問題が私の世界に飛び込んできて
02:34
and I couldn't really walk away in quite the same way as before.
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以前のように歩み去ることが出来なくなりました
02:39
So I got involved with this tour, which was for Amnesty,
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こう言った訳で アムネスティ・ツアーに参加し
02:43
and then in '88 I took over Bono's job trying to learn how to hustle.
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88年に ボノの仕事を継いだ訳です その強引さも継ぎたかったが
02:48
I didn't do it as well, but we managed to get Youssou N'Dour, Sting,
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難しかったね まあユッスー・ンドゥール スティング
02:52
Tracy Chapman, and Bruce Springsteen to go 'round the world for Amnesty,
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トレーシー・チャップマン スプリングスティーンが参加してくれ
02:57
and it was an amazing experience.
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ツアーは素晴らしい経験でした
03:00
And, once again, I got an extraordinary education,
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そして再度貴重な知識を習得したのです
03:04
and it was the first time, really,
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これが最初の体験でしたね
03:06
that I'd met a lot of these people in the different countries,
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いろんな国でたくさんの人たちに会い
03:10
and these human rights stories became very physical,
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この人権問題が 実際に形となって見えてきたのです
03:15
and, again, I couldn't really walk away quite so comfortably.
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そして再び 気軽に歩み去ることが出来なくなった
03:21
But the thing that really amazed me, that I had no idea,
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しかし驚いたのは 想像もしなかったけれど
03:24
was that you could suffer in this way
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このように苦しめられた人々の
03:27
and then have your whole experience, your story, denied,
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その体験 その物語が否定され埋もれ
03:33
buried and forgotten.
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忘れ去られることでした
03:36
And it seemed that whenever there was a camera around,
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でも 事実をビデオや写真で残してしまえば
03:41
or a video or film camera,
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力がある者にとっても
03:44
it was a great deal harder to do -- for those in power to bury the story.
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物語を封印するのは相当難しくなるようですね
03:51
And Reebok set up a foundation after these Human Rights Now tours
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リーボックは「ヒューマンライツ・ナウ」ツアー後に基金を設立しました
03:55
and there was a decision then --
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当時ある決定がありました
03:59
well, we made a proposal, for a couple of years,
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人権活動家にカメラを渡せるような
04:02
about trying to set up a division
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部門を作って欲しいと
04:04
that was going to give cameras to human rights activists.
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何年かにわたり 提案を続けていたのです
04:09
It didn't really get anywhere,
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しかし結果は芳しくなかった
04:10
and then the Rodney King incident happened, and people thought,
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その後 ロドニー・キング事件が起きたとき
04:13
OK, if you have a camera in the right place at the right time,
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カメラを適切な場所でタイミングよく持っていれば
04:16
or, perhaps, the wrong time, depending who you are,
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人によってはそれで都合が悪くなるわけですが
04:20
then you can actually start doing something,
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何かができると やっと皆が悟ったのです
04:25
and campaigning, and being heard,
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キャンペーンをして 何が起こっているのか
04:29
and telling people about what's going on.
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皆に聞いてもらえる
04:31
So, WITNESS was started in '92
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このWITNESS運動は92年に始まり
04:35
and it's since given cameras out in over 60 countries.
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以来60カ国以上にカメラが贈られました
04:41
And we campaign with activist groups
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活動家グループとキャンペーンを行い
04:47
and help them tell their story and, in fact,
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彼らの物語を伝える手助けをしました
04:51
I will show you in a moment one of the most recent campaigns,
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このあと 最新のキャンペーンをお見せします
04:55
and I'm afraid it's a story from Uganda,
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これはウガンダの話です
04:58
and, although we had a wonderful story from Uganda yesterday,
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昨日はウガンダの素晴らしい話を聴きましたが
05:02
this one isn't quite so good.
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残念ながらこれは良くない話です
05:04
In the north of Uganda,
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ウガンダの北部には
05:06
there are something like 1.5 million internally displaced people,
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およそ150万人の国民が 国内追放されています
05:09
people who are not refugees in another country,
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彼らは他の国に逃れた難民ではないが
05:12
but because of the civil war, which has been going on for about 20 years,
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もう約20年も続く内戦によって
05:16
they have nowhere to live.
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住処を失った人たちです
05:18
And 20,000 kids have been taken away to become child soldiers,
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そして 2万人の子供たちが少年兵として拉致されている
05:24
and the International Criminal Court is going after five of the leaders of the --
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国際刑事裁判所が反乱軍を率いた5人の行方を追っています
05:32
now, what's it called?
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軍の名前は
05:34
I forget the name of the of the army --
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名前がパッと出てこないな
05:36
it's Lord's Resistance Army, I believe --
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確か「神の抵抗軍」だったと思います
05:39
but the government, also, doesn't have a clean sheet,
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しかし政府にも汚点がないとは言えないんです
05:41
so if we could run the first video.
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最初のビデオを流しましょう
05:43
(Music)
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(音楽)
05:46
Woman: Life in the camp is never simple. Even today life is difficult.
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女：収容施設暮らしは簡単じゃない 毎日大変さ
05:49
We stay because of the fear that what pushed us into the camp ...
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でもまだ故郷ではひどい状況が続いてるから
05:53
still exists back home.
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ここに居続けるしかない
05:59
Text: "Between Two Fires: Torture and Displacement in Northern Uganda"
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「二つの砲撃の間で：北ウガンダでの拷問と追放」
06:10
Man: When we were at home, it was Kony's [rebel] soldiers disturbing us.
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男：故郷にいるときは コニーの抵抗軍から虐げられた
06:17
At first, we were safe in the camp.
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最初はこの施設も安全だったけど
06:20
But later the government soldiers began mistreating us a lot.
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次第に政府軍兵士が 皆を手荒く扱うようになってきたんだ
06:25
(Chanting)
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(歌)
06:28
Jennifer: A soldier walked onto the road, asking where we'd been.
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ジェニファー：兵士が歩きながら私らを探してたから
06:32
Evelyn and I hid behind my mother.
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私とイヴリンは母の後ろに隠れた
06:38
Evelyn: He ordered us to sit down, so we sat down.
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イブリン：兵士は私たちに座れと言った
06:41
The other soldier also came.
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そしたら別の兵士が来たんだ
06:44
Jennifer: The man came and started undressing me.
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ジェニファー：男が来て私の服を脱がし始めた
06:48
The other one carried Evelyn aside.
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もう一人はイブリンを脇に連れて行った
06:51
The one who was defiling me then left me and went to rape Evelyn.
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私を暴行した男は 今度はイブリンをレイプしに行き
06:56
And the one who was raping Evelyn came and defiled me also.
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イブリンを犯していた男が 今度は私を暴行しに来た
07:00
Man: The soldiers with clubs this long beat us to get a confession.
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男：こんなに長い棍棒を持った兵士が 自白させようと殴ってきた
07:08
They kept telling us, "Tell the truth!" as they beat us.
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殴るたびに 「白状しろ！」と怒鳴っていた
07:20
Woman: They insisted that I was lying.
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女：私が嘘ついてると言い張って
07:25
At that moment, they fired and shot off my fingers.
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その瞬間に 発砲して私の指を撃ち落とし
07:30
I fell. They ran to join the others ... leaving me for dead.
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走り去った…倒れた私を見殺しにするつもりで
07:43
(Music)
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(音楽)
07:45
Text: Uganda ratified the Convention Against Torture in 1986.
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ウガンダは 1986年に拷問等禁止条約を批准した
07:54
Torture is defined as any act by which severe pain of suffering,
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拷問とは 以下のように定義される
07:58
whether physical or mental,
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公的な資格で行動する者により
08:01
is intentionally inflicted by a person acting in an official capacity
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情報・自白を取得し 処罰・脅迫・威圧することを目的に
08:05
to obtain information or a confession, to punish, coerce or intimidate.
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肉体的・精神的に 激しい苦痛を故意に加える行為である
08:13
Peter Gabriel: So torture is not something that always happens on other soil.
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拷問は必ずしも遠い世界のものではありません
08:19
In my country, it was --
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私の国でも
08:21
we had been looking at pictures of British soldiers beating up young Iraqis;
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英国軍兵士が イラクの若者を殴打する写真が公開されましたし
08:28
we've got Abu Ghraib; we've got Guantanamo Bay.
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アブグレイブやグアンタナモもあった
08:30
I had a driver on my way to Newark Airport,
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ある日ニューアーク空港へ向かう途中 ドライバーが
08:33
and he told me a story that, in the middle of the night, 4 a.m.,
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こんな話をしてくれました 午前4時に
08:39
he'd been taken out of his home in Queens -- taken to a place in the Midwest,
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クィーンズにある彼の自宅から中西部まで連行され
08:45
that he was interrogated and tortured
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そこで尋問を受け 拷問されたと
08:49
and returned to the street four weeks later,
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4週間後に解放されたそうです
08:53
because he had the same -- he was Middle Eastern,
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彼は中東出身で 同時多発テロの
08:56
and he had the same name as one of the 9/11 pilots,
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パイロットの一人と同じ名前だったからです
09:00
and that may or may not be true --
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作り話かも知れませんが
09:04
I didn't think he was a liar, though.
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嘘には聞こえませんでした
09:07
And, I think, if we look around the world,
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そして 世界中を見渡したとき
09:11
as well as the polar ice caps melting,
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極地の氷冠が解けていくのと同様に
09:13
human rights, which have been fought for,
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人権問題というものは 場合によっては
09:16
for many hundreds of years in some cases,
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何百年もの間争われますが
09:19
are, also, eroding very fast,
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摩滅するのも非常に速い
09:22
and that is something that we need to take a look at
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これこそ私たちが目を向け 運動しなくては
09:26
and, maybe, start campaigning for.
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いけないものだと思うんです
09:30
I mean, here, too, one of our partners was at Van Jones
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私たちのパートナーが バン・ジョーンズのプロジェクトと
09:35
and the Books Not Bars project -- they have managed,
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連動し ビデオを製作して
09:39
with their footage in California
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カリフォルニアにおける青少年矯正の
09:42
to change the youth correction systems employed,
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システムを見直すことに成功しました
09:47
and it's much -- much -- I think, more humane methods
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今では 以前より随分人道的な方法で
09:52
are being looked at, how you should lock up young kids,
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若者に対する監禁方法が取られていると思います
09:56
and that's questionable to start off.
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まあ 監禁自体が疑問なのですが
09:58
And as the story of Mr. Morales, just down the road,
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モラレス死刑囚のように こう聞かれたらどうでしょう
10:04
excuse me, Mr. Gabriel,
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すみません ガブリエルさん
10:06
would you mind if we delayed your execution a little bit?
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少しあなたの処刑を遅らせたら困りますか？
10:10
No, not at all, no problem, take your time.
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ぜんぜん問題ありません どうぞごゆっくり
10:13
But this, surely, whoever that man is, whatever he's done,
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しかし その人が誰であろうとも たとえ何をしたとしても
10:19
this is cruel and unusual punishment.
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こういったことは 残酷で異常な刑罰です
10:23
Anyway, WITNESS has been trying to arm the brave people
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さて WITNESSは 世界中で自分の命を危険に晒す
10:29
who often put their lives at risk around the world, with cameras,
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勇敢な人々を カメラで武装させる努力を続けてきました
10:33
and I'd like to show you just a little more of that. Thank you.
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少しそれについてご覧いただきたいと思います
10:41
(Thunder) Text: You can say a story is fabricated.
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(雷鳴)
10:44
(Music)
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(音楽)
10:48
Text: You can say a jury is corrupt.
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陪審が不正であると言える
10:53
You can say a person is lying.
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人が嘘をついていると言える
11:00
You can say you don't trust newspapers.
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新聞など信頼できないと言える
11:06
But you can't say
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しかし今 目にしたものを
11:12
what you just saw
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起こらなかったことだと
11:15
never happened.
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言うことはできない
11:22
Help WITNESS give cameras to the world.
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世界中にカメラを配る運動を支援しよう
11:27
Shoot a video;
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ビデオを撮ろう
11:36
expose injustice;
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不正を暴露しよう
11:42
reveal the truth;
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真実を明らかにしよう
11:47
show us what's wrong with the world;
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世界中の不条理を晒そう
11:52
and maybe
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そうすれば 私たちも
11:54
we can help
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不正を正す手伝いが
11:56
make it
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できるかもしれない
11:58
right.
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WITNESS
12:06
WITNESS.
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今ご覧になったビデオは WITNESSに賛同する
12:12
All the video you have just seen was recorded by
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人権保護団体によって録画されました
12:14
human rights groups working with WITNESS.
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(拍手)
12:17
(Applause)
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WITNESSは技術革新から生まれました
12:22
PG: WITNESS was born of technological innovation --
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小さな持ち運びできるDVカメラが
12:26
in a sense the small, portable, DV cam
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ある意味 この運動の誕生を可能にしたのです
12:28
was really what allowed it to come into being.
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私たちは世界にコンピュータを届ける努力をしてきました
12:32
And we've also been trying to get computers out to the world,
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情報伝達やキャンペーンを
12:36
so that groups can communicate much more effectively,
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効果的に行うためです
12:38
campaign much more effectively,
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だが現在 携帯電話付属のカメラが
12:40
but now we have the wonderful possibility,
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素晴らしい可能性を私たちに与えてくれています
12:46
which is given to us from the mobile phone with the camera in it,
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携帯のカメラは 安価でアクセスしやすく
12:50
because that is cheap; it's ubiquitous; and it's moving fast
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世界中に出回っている 素晴らしいことです
12:55
all around the world -- and it's very exciting for us.
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そして 理想は 誰かに
12:58
And so, the dream is that we could have a world
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この種の災難が起こった時 それを転送して
13:02
in which anyone who has anything bad happen to them of this sort
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誰かに 見てもらい 聞いてもらえる―
13:08
has a chance of getting their story uploaded,
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そういうことが可能であり
13:12
being seen, being watched,
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その可能性を皆が理解しているという世界です
13:15
that they really know that they can be heard,
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例えば 巨大なウェブサイトがあるとして
13:18
that there would be a giant website,
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グーグルアースのようなね
13:22
maybe, a little like Google Earth,
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その上を飛んで各地で何が起こっているのか
13:24
and you could fly over and find out the realities of what's going,
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確認できる仕組みです
13:28
for the world's inhabitants. In a way
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このテクノロジーが可能にしているものは
13:31
what this technology is allowing is, really,
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問題を抱える人たちの存在を伝達できること
13:34
that a lot of the problems of the world can have a human face,
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誰がエイズで命を落としそうなのか
13:38
that we can actually see who's dying of AIDS
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あるいは 誰が暴行を加えられているのか
13:41
or who's being beaten up, for the first time,
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ブログのように 彼らの事情を実際に知ることができる
13:46
and we can hear their stories in a way that the blogger culture --
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私たちがこういう世界を目指して行けば
13:50
if we can move that into these sort of fields,
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様々な事を 変革することができると思います
13:53
I think we can really transform the world in all sorts of ways.
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新しい運動も まるで木のように
14:00
There could be a new movement growing up,
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光を求め 力強く 大きく育つことができるのです
14:04
rising from the ground, reaching for the light,
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どうもありがとう
14:09
and growing strong, just like a tree. Thank you.
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Peter Gabriel - Musician, activistPeter Gabriel writes incredible songs but, as the co-founder of WITNESS and TheElders.org, is also a powerful human rights advocate.
Why you should listen
Peter Gabriel was a founding member of the extraordinarily successful progressive rock band Genesis. He left the band in 1975 to go solo and, in 1980, set up the international arts festival WOMAD (which stands for World of Music, Arts and Dance) and the record label Real World, both to champion music and artistic innovation from all over the world. Gabriel's stop motion video for "Sledgehammer" has been named the most-played music video in the history of MTV.
Gabriel is also very interested in human rights. In 1992, he co-founded WITNESS.org, an organization that helps human rights activists and citizen witnesses worldwide make change happen through the use of video. The organization not only distributes digital cameras to empower people to document human-rights abuses, but provides a platform for the spread of video that reveals what is really going on in places all over the globe.
In 2007, Gabriel also co-founded theElders.org with Richard Branson and Nelson Mandela, an independent group of global leaders working together for peace and human rights.
Peter Gabriel | Speaker | TED.com