Martin Ford: How we'll earn money in a future without jobs
마틴 포드: 미래에 직업이 없어진다면 어떻게 돈을 벌어야 할까?
Martin Ford imagines what the accelerating progress in robotics and artificial intelligence may mean for the economy, job market and society of the future. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
해보겠습니다.
a future without jobs?
직업이 사라질까요?
엄청난 진전은,
of interest in this question,
큰 흥미를 유발했습니다.
that's been asked
다를 것인가?' 입니다.
might displace workers
to lots of unemployment
생길 것이라는 두려움은
to the Luddite revolts in England.
때로 거슬러 올라갑니다.
has come up again and again.
대두되어 왔습니다.
heard of the Triple Revolution report,
들어본 적 없으실 겁니다.
by a brilliant group of people --
two Nobel laureates --
to the President of the United States,
of economic and social upheaval
처했다는 내용을 담고 있었습니다.
was going to put millions of people
수백만명의 노동자들이
to President Lyndon Johnson
전달 되었습니다.
hasn't really happened.
of thinking about this.
관습적인 생각이 생겨났습니다.
시킨다는 내용 입니다.
entire industries.
and types of work.
버릴 수도 있습니다.
to entirely new things.
새로운 것들이 생격날 것입니다.
that will arise in the future,
생겨날 것이고
will have to hire people.
고용이 생겨날 것입니다.
that will appear,
we can't really even imagine.
상상조차 불가능할 것입니다.
that have been created
훨씬 좋았습니다.
a lot better than the old ones.
been more engaging.
more comfortable work environments,
근무 환경도 더 좋았습니다.
have played out so far.
진행이 되었습니다.
class of worker
has been quite different.
decimated their work,
완전히 사라져 버렸고
any new opportunities at all.
주어지지 않았습니다.
하나 하겠습니다.
point in the future,
필요 없어질까요?
workforce is going to be made redundant
reflexive reaction to that.
반감이 일어나겠죠.
human beings to horses?"
and tractors came along,
are intelligent;
always find something new to do,
직업을 찾을 수 있으며
relevant to the future economy.
존재할 수 있을 것입니다.
critical thing to understand.
workers in the future
and trucks and tractors
자동차나 트럭, 트랙터와
of thinking, learning, adapting machines.
기계들로 가득찰 것입니다 .
beginning to encroach
so different from horses,
말(馬)과는 전혀 달랐고
of the march of progress
지닐 수 있었습니다.
to the economy.
필요한 존재로 남아 있었습니다.
들어보겠습니다.
this ongoing process
알고 계실텐데요,
broad-based than that;
광범위하게 적용 됩니다.
for example, to software,
bandwidth and so forth.
been going on for a really long time.
지속되어 왔다는 것입니다.
계속되어 왔습니다.
circuits were fabricated,
of 30 doublings in computational power
2의 30제곱 배 정도 뛰어난 것을
of times to double any quantity,
어마어마한 숫자인 것입니다.
where we're going to see
앞으로 보게 될 것이
of absolute progress,
진보라는 것입니다.
to continue to also accelerate
계속해서 여러가지가
to the coming years and decades,
that we're going to see things
앞으로 보게될 미래는
that astonish us.
보게 될 것입니다.
in a limited sense, beginning to think.
기계가 생각을 하기 시작했습니다.
artificial intelligence;
말하는 게 아닙니다.
are making decisions.
인공지능을 보게 될 것입니다.
and most importantly, they're learning.
결정적으로 학습능력까지 있습니다.
that is truly central to this
학습능력의 중심이 되고
the driving force behind this,
this incredibly powerful,
I've seen of that recently
division was able to do
to beat the best player in the world
stand out about the game of Go.
두 가지가 있습니다.
that the board can be in
than there are atoms in the universe.
더 많은 국면의 수가 생성 됩니다.
a computer to win at the game of Go
프로그램을 짤 수가 없습니다.
체스를 둘 때 처럼
brute-force computational power at it.
수를 제한할 수 없습니다.
thinking-like approach is needed.
대국에 임해야 합니다.
that really stands out is that,
of the championship Go players,
even really articulate what exactly it is
무슨 생각으로 수를 두게 되었는지를
as they play the game.
알게 될 것입니다.
that's very intuitive,
따를 때가 많습니다.
about which move they should make.
느낌으로 아는 겁니다.
at a world champion level
that's safe from automation,
영역이 되어야 하는데
raise a cautionary flag for us.
빨간불이 들어왔다는 겁니다.
to draw a very distinct line,
선을 긋는 경향이 있는데
are all the jobs and tasks
우리가 인지하기에 근본적으로
fundamentally routine and repetitive
모든 직업들과 업무들이
might be in different industries,
다른 산업유형에 속하고
and at different skill levels,
요하는 직업일 수는 있겠지만
예측가능하다는 점 때문에
going to be susceptible
침식당하게 될 것을
받게 되는거죠.
that's a lot of jobs.
아주 많은 직업들이 그렇게 될 겁니다.
on the order of roughly half
that require some capability
여겨온 능력이 요구되는
that we think are safe.
about the game of Go,
to be on the safe side of that line.
안전한 쪽일 것이라 여겨왔습니다.
and that Google solved this problem,
구글은 그 문제를 풀었습니다.
to be very dynamic.
역동적일 것입니다.
that consumes more and more jobs and tasks
안전하리라 여기는 직업과 업무들이
as being safe from automation.
잠식되어 갈 것입니다.
low-wage jobs or blue-collar jobs,
상대적으로 교육수준이 낮은
low levels of education.
climbing the skills ladder.
직업 계층 사다리를 오르고 있습니다.
on professional jobs --
여파를 보았습니다.
예컨대 회계사, 금융 전문가, 언론인,
자동화의 영향을 받았습니다.
and tasks and jobs
직종과 직업들에 대해
by automation in the future
challenged going forward.
very well end up in a future
우리 인류는 결국
or stagnant wages,
of inequality.
불균등도 겪을 겁니다.
a terrific amount of stress
a fundamental economic problem,
근본적인 경제 문제가 발생할 겁니다.
are currently the primary mechanism
가장 기본적인 매커니즘이며
and therefore purchasing power,
서비스를 구매하는
and services we're producing.
마찬가지이기 때문입니다.
lots and lots of consumers
the products and services
then you run the risk
customers out there
and services being produced.
on access to that market economy
in terms of one really exceptional person.
떠올려 보겠습니다.
say, Steve Jobs,
상상을 해보겠습니다.
on an island all by himself.
to be running around,
따러 다니겠죠.
anything special,
사람이 될 것이며,
is that there is no market
잡스가 그의 탁월한 능력을
his incredible talents across.
is really critical to us as individuals,
개개인에게 아주 중요합니다.
in terms of it being sustainable.
위해서도 접근성이 중요합니다.
What exactly could we do about this?
정확히 무엇을 해야하나?' 입니다.
through a very utopian framework.
관점으로 바라볼 수 있습니다.
where we all have to work less,
genuinely rewarding
absolutely strive to move toward.
추구할 수 있는 것들 입니다.
we have to be realistic,
a significant income distribution problem.
마주하게 될 것입니다.
to be left behind.
to solve that problem,
to have to find a way
수입을 분리시키는
way I know to do that
최선의 방법은
or universal basic income.
기본 수입을 주는 겁니다.
a very important idea.
개념이 되었습니다.
of traction and attention,
pilot projects
진행 중인 프로젝트와
throughout the world.
is not a panacea;
해결해 주지는 못 합니다.
a plug-and-play solution,
그런 해결책이라기 보다는
시작점이라고 할 수 있습니다
build on and refine.
정비할 수 있는 개념입니다.
written quite a lot about
언급했던 주제는
explicit incentives into a basic income.
만들 수 있는지에 대한 가능성입니다.
high school student.
고등학생이라고 생각해 봅시다.
of dropping out of school.
가정을 하는 겁니다.
that at some point in the future,
basic income as everyone else.
받는다는 상상을 해보죠.
a very perverse incentive
비뚤어진 생각을 심어주고
and drop out of school.
중퇴하게 만들 겁니다.
structure things that way.
가지 않게 해야합니다.
from high school somewhat more
incentives into a basic income,
아이디어를 받아들이고
an incentive to work in the community
타인을 도우면 생기는 장려금이나,
하도록 장려하는 등
things for the environment,
into a basic income,
a couple of steps
going to face in the future,
가능성이 높은 문제입니다.
meaning and fulfillment,
어떤 식으로 성취감을 찾고,
there's less demand for traditional work?
줄어든 세상 속에서 말입니다.
a basic income,
확대하고 정비함으로써
more politically and socially acceptable
할 수 있으며, 실현 가능하게끔
that it will actually come to be.
가능성을 높이는 겁니다.
to the idea of a basic income,
사회적 안전망이 커지는 것에 대해
expansion of the safety net,
경제 수레에 올라타고
with too many people
두려움에서 기인한 겁니다.
I'm making here, of course,
to be capable of pulling that cart for us.
기계의 능력이 증가할 것입니다.
our society and our economy,
선택을 할 수 있을 겁니다.
beyond simply being an option,
선택지를 넘어서서
is that all of this is going to put
begins to erode in the future,
매커니즘이 무너진다면
it with something else
may not be sustainable.
is that I really think
to build a future economy
challenges that we all face
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Martin Ford - FuturistMartin Ford imagines what the accelerating progress in robotics and artificial intelligence may mean for the economy, job market and society of the future.
Why you should listen
Martin Ford was one of the first analysts to write compellingly about the future of work and economies in the face of the growing automation of everything. He sketches a future that's radically reshaped not just by robots but by the loss of the income-distributing power of human jobs. How will our economic systems need to adapt?
He's the author of two books: Rise of the Robots: Technology and the Threat of a Jobless Future (winner of the 2015 Financial Times/McKinsey Business Book of the Year Award ) and The Lights in the Tunnel: Automation, Accelerating Technology and the Economy of the Future, and he's the founder of a Silicon Valley-based software development firm. He has written about future technology and its implications for the New York Times, Fortune, Forbes, The Atlantic, The Washington Post, Harvard Business Review and The Financial Times.
Martin Ford | Speaker | TED.com