ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Fadi Chehadé - Technologist, entrepreneur
Fadi Chehadé is focused on finding ways for society to benefit from technology and strengthening international cooperation in the digital space.

Why you should listen

Fadi Chehadé is a serial entrepreneur who has founded and led several companies in the digital space including Vocado LLC (acquired by Oracle in 2018) and Viacore (purchased by IBM in 2006). He is an advisory board member with the World Economic Forum's Center for the Fourth Industrial Revolution that focuses on maximizing the benefits of science and technology for society. Chehadé is also a member of the UN Secretary-General’s High-Level Panel on Digital Cooperation that will advance proposals to strengthen international cooperation in the digital space.  

Chehadé serves on the corporate boards of Sentry Data Systems and Interactions LLC and the advisory board of the University of Southern California’s Center on Public Diplomacy. For two years, he was a Senior Advisor to Prof. Klaus Schwab, Executive Chairman of the World Economic Forum, where he focused on public-private cooperation to address issues affecting the digital economy. As former President and CEO of ICANN, the global authority managing the Internet's logical infrastructure and ensuring "one" internet for the world, Chehadé guided its historic transition to an independent transnational institution governed jointly by private, public and civic stakeholders.

More profile about the speaker
Fadi Chehadé | Speaker | TED.com
Bryn Freedman - Editorial director and curator, TED Institute
Bryn Freedman helps those who want to give the "talk of their lives" in a clear, passionate and authentic way.

Why you should listen

Award-winning TV producer, investigative journalist and author, Bryn Freedman joined TED in 2014 as the editorial director and curator for the TED Institute. In her work with TED, Freedman creates and executes TED conference events for Fortune 500 companies, overseeing all editorial content as well as managing speaker coaches and determining both the topics for each talk and the overall conference theme. In addition to curating these events, she works as an executive speaker coach for professionals who want to give the "talk of their lives" in a clear, passionate and authentic way.

Freedman is also co-founder of Voices4Freedom, an international organization aimed at eradicating slavery through education and media.

More profile about the speaker
Bryn Freedman | Speaker | TED.com
TED Salon Verizon

Fadi Chehadé and Bryn Freedman: What everyday citizens can do to claim power on the internet

Fadi Chehadé e Bryn Freedman: O que os cidadãos comuns podem fazer para reivindicar poder na internet

Filmed:
1,526,164 views

O arquiteto de tecnologia Fadi Chehadé ajudou a montar a infraestrutura que faz a internet funcionar: coisas essenciais como o sistema de nomes de domínio e os padrões de endereços IP. Hoje ele está focado em encontrar maneiras para a sociedade se beneficiar da tecnologia. Em uma palestra estimulante com Bryn Freedman, curadora do Instituto TED, Chehadé discute a guerra em andamento entre o Ocidente e a China sobre a inteligência artificial, como as empresas de tecnologia podem se tornar administradoras do poder que têm para definir vidas e economias e o que os cidadãos comuns podem fazer para reivindicar poder na internet.
- Technologist, entrepreneur
Fadi Chehadé is focused on finding ways for society to benefit from technology and strengthening international cooperation in the digital space. Full bio - Editorial director and curator, TED Institute
Bryn Freedman helps those who want to give the "talk of their lives" in a clear, passionate and authentic way. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
Bryn Freedman: So you said
that in the 20th century,
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Bryn Freedman: Você disse
que, no século 20,
00:15
global power was in the hands
of government.
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o poder global estava nas mãos do governo.
00:18
At the beginning of this digital century,
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No começo deste século digital,
00:21
it really moved to corporations
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realmente passou para as corporações
00:23
and that in the future,
it would move to individuals.
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e que, no futuro, passaria
para as pessoas.
00:26
And I've interviewed a lot of people,
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Entrevistei muitas pessoas,
e elas dizem que você está errado
00:28
and they say you're wrong,
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00:30
and they are betting on the companies.
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e apostam nas empresas.
00:32
So why are you right,
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Então, por que você está certo
e por que as pessoas irão conseguir?
00:34
and why are individuals going to win out?
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00:37
Fadi Chehadé: Because companies
cater to individuals,
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Fadi Chehadé: Porque as empresas
satisfazem pessoas,
00:39
and we as the citizenry
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e nós, como cidadãos,
00:42
need to start understanding
that we have a big role
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precisamos começar a entender
que temos um grande papel
na definição de como o mundo
será governado e no avanço.
00:46
in shaping how the world
will be governed, moving forward.
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00:49
Yes, indeed, the tug of war right now
is between governments,
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Sim, de fato, o cabo de guerra
agora é entre governos,
00:53
who lost much of their power to companies
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que perderam muito
de seu poder para as empresas
00:57
because the internet is not built
around the nation-state system
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porque a internet não é construída
em torno do sistema de nação-estado
01:01
around which governments have power.
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sobre o qual os governos têm poder.
01:03
The internet is transnational.
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A internet é transnacional.
01:05
It's not international,
and it's not national,
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Não é internacional, nem nacional,
01:08
and therefore the companies
became very powerful.
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e, portanto, as empresas
se tornaram muito poderosas.
01:12
They shape our economy.
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Elas definem nossa economia
e nossa sociedade.
01:13
They shape our society.
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01:15
Governments don't know what to do.
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Os governos não sabem o que fazer.
01:17
Right now, they're reacting.
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Neste momento, estão reagindo.
01:19
And I fear that if we do not,
as the citizenry --
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Temo que, se nós, como cidadãos,
01:22
which are, in my opinion,
the most important leg of that stool --
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que, em minha opinião,
somos a peça mais importante,
01:27
don't take our role,
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não assumirmos nosso papel,
01:29
then you are right.
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então, você estará certa.
01:30
The detractors, or the people telling you
that businesses will prevail, are right.
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Os detratores, ou as pessoas que dizem
que as empresas prevalecerão,
estarão certas.
01:35
It will happen.
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Isso irá acontecer.
01:36
BF: So are you saying that individuals
will force businesses
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BF: Então, você está dizendo
que as pessoas forçarão as empresas
01:40
or business will be forced
to be responsive,
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ou os negócios serão forçados
a ser receptivos,
01:42
or is there a fear that they won't be?
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ou há um medo de que eles não sejam?
01:46
FC: I think they will be.
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FC: Acho que serão.
01:47
Look at two weeks ago,
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Há duas semanas,
01:49
a small company called Skip
winning over Uber and Lyft and everyone
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uma pequena empresa chamada Skip
venceu a Uber, a Lyft e a todos
01:53
to actually get the license
for the San Francisco scooter business.
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e obteve a licença para o negócio
de motos de São Francisco.
01:59
And if you read why did Skip win,
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Se você analisar por que a Skip ganhou,
02:01
because Skip listened
to the people of San Francisco,
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foi porque a Skip ouviu
as pessoas de São Francisco,
02:04
who were tired of scooters
being thrown everywhere,
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que estavam cansadas
de motos em toda parte,
e, na verdade, foi à cidade e disse:
02:07
and actually went to the city and said,
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02:09
"We will deploy the service,
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"Implantaremos o serviço, mas atenderemos
às necessidades das pessoas
02:12
but we will respond
to the people's requirements
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02:15
that we organize ourselves
around a set of rules."
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de modo que nos organizamos
em torno de um conjunto de regras".
02:18
They self-governed their behavior,
and they won the contract
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Eles se autogovernaram
e ganharam o contrato de algumas
empresas muito poderosas.
02:21
over some very powerful companies.
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02:23
BF: So speaking of guidelines
and self-governance,
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BF: Então, falando de diretrizes
e de autogovernança,
02:27
you've spent an entire lifetime
creating guidelines and norms
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você passou a vida inteira criando
diretrizes e normas para a internet.
02:31
for the internet.
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02:33
Do you think those days are over?
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Você acha que esses dias acabaram?
02:34
Who is going to guide,
who is going to control,
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Quem irá guiar, controlar
e criar essas normas?
02:37
and who is going to create those norms?
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02:39
FC: The rules that govern
the technology layers of the internet
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FC: As regras que governam
as camadas de tecnologia da internet
02:45
are now well put in place,
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agora estão bem implementadas,
02:47
and I was very busy for a few years
setting those rules
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e estive muito ocupado por alguns anos
definindo essas regras em torno da parte
da internet que faz dela uma rede.
02:51
around the part of the internet
that makes the internet one network.
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02:55
The domain-name system, the IP numbers,
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O sistema de nome de domínio,
os números IP, tudo isso está em vigor.
02:58
all of that is in place.
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02:59
However, as we get now
into the upper layers of the internet,
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No entanto, como chegamos agora
nas camadas superiores da internet,
03:04
the issues that affect
me and you every day --
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os problemas que afetam
a mim e a você todos os dias,
03:06
privacy, security, etc. --
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como privacidade, segurança, etc.,
03:09
the system to create norms for those
unfortunately is not in place.
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o sistema para criar normas para eles
infelizmente não está em vigor.
03:17
So we do have an issue.
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Então, temos um problema.
03:18
We have a system
of cooperation and governance
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Temos um sistema
de cooperação e governança
03:22
that really needs to be created right now
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que realmente precisa ser criado agora
03:25
so that companies, governments
and the citizenry can agree
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para que empresas, governos e cidadãos
possam concordar em como
esse novo mundo digital irá avançar.
03:30
how this new digital world
is going to advance.
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03:32
BF: So what gives
a digital company any incentive?
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BF: Então, o que dá a uma empresa
digital algum incentivo?
03:35
Let's say -- Facebook comes to mind --
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Vamos supor que empresas como o Facebook
03:37
they would say they have
their users' best interests at heart,
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digam que querem o melhor
para seus usuários,
03:40
but I think a lot of people
would disagree with that.
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mas acho que muitas pessoas
discordariam disso.
03:43
FC: It's been very difficult to watch
how tech companies have reacted
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FC: Foi muito difícil ver
como as empresas de tecnologia
têm reagido à resposta dos cidadãos
às suas tecnologias.
03:49
to the citizenry's response
to their technologies.
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03:52
And some of them, two or three years ago,
basically dismissed it.
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Algumas delas, há dois ou três anos,
geralmente a descartaram.
03:56
The word that I heard in many board rooms
is, "We're just a technology platform.
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Ouvi, em muitas salas de diretoria:
"Somos apenas uma plataforma tecnológica.
04:01
It's not my issue
if my technology platform
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Não é problema meu se minha plataforma
04:04
causes families
to go kill their girls in Pakistan.
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fizer com que famílias
matem suas filhas no Paquistão.
04:07
It's not my issue. It's their problem.
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Não é problema meu; é problema deles.
04:09
I just have a technology platform."
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Tenho apenas uma plataforma tecnológica".
04:11
Now, I think we are now entering a stage
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Agora, acho que estamos entrando numa fase
04:15
where companies are starting to realize
this is no longer sustainable,
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em que as empresas começam a perceber
que isso não é mais sustentável
04:20
and they're starting to see the pushback
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e a ver a reação negativa
de pessoas, usuários, cidadãos,
04:22
that's coming
from people, users, citizens,
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04:25
but also governments
that are starting to say,
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mas também de governos,
que começam a dizer:
04:28
"This cannot be."
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"Não pode ser assim".
04:30
So I think there is a maturity
that is starting to set,
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Então, acho que há uma maturidade
começando a se definir,
04:35
especially in that Silicon Valley area,
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principalmente naquela área
do Vale do Silício,
04:38
where people are beginning to say,
"We have a role."
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onde as pessoas começam
a dizer: "Temos um papel".
Então, digo a esses líderes:
04:42
So when I speak to these leaders, I say,
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04:45
"Look, you could be the CEO,
a very successful CEO of a company,
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"Vocês podem ser CEOs
de sucesso de uma empresa,
04:49
but you could also be a steward."
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mas também podem ser administradores".
04:51
And that's the key word.
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E essa é a palavra-chave:
04:52
"You could be a steward
of the power you have
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"Vocês podem ser
administradores de seu poder
04:56
to shape the lives and the economies
of billions of people.
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para definir a vida e a economia
de bilhões de pessoas.
05:00
Which one do you want to be?"
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O que vocês querem ser?"
05:03
And the answer is,
it's not one or the other.
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A resposta é: nenhum dos dois.
05:06
This is what we are missing right now.
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É disso que estamos sentindo falta agora.
05:09
So when an adult like Brad Smith,
the president of Microsoft,
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Então, quando um adulto como Brad Smith,
presidente da Microsoft,
05:13
said a few months ago,
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disse alguns meses atrás:
05:14
"We need a new set of Geneva Conventions
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"Precisamos de um novo conjunto
de Convenções de Genebra
05:17
to manage the security
of the digital space,"
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para gerenciar a segurança
do espaço digital",
05:20
many of the senior leaders
in Silicon Valley
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muitos dos líderes seniores
do Vale do Silício
na verdade o criticaram:
05:23
actually spoke against his words.
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05:27
"What do you mean, Geneva Convention?
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"O que você quer dizer com isso?
Não precisamos de nenhuma Convenção
de Genebra; nós nos autoregulamos".
05:29
We don't need any Geneva Conventions.
We self-regulate."
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05:32
But that mood is changing,
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Mas essa disposição está mudando,
e começo a ver muitos líderes dizerem:
05:34
and I'm starting to see many leaders say,
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05:37
"Help us out."
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"Ajudem-nos".
05:39
But here lies the conundrum.
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Mas aqui está o enigma:
05:41
Who is going to help those leaders
do the right thing?
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quem irá ajudar esses líderes
a fazer a coisa certa?
05:44
BF: So who is going to help them?
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BF: Então, quem irá ajudá-los?
05:47
Because I'd love
to interview you for an hour,
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Eu adoraria entrevistá-lo por uma hora,
05:51
but give me your biggest fear
and your best hope
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mas diga seu maior medo
e sua melhor esperança
05:56
for how this is going to work out.
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de como isso irá funcionar.
06:00
FC: My biggest hope
is that we will become each stewards
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FC: Minha maior esperança
é que cada um de nós
nos tornemos administradores
deste novo mundo digital.
06:07
of this new digital world.
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Essa é minha maior esperança,
06:09
That's my biggest hope,
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06:10
because I do think, often,
we want to put the blame on others.
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porque acredito que, muitas vezes,
queremos colocar a culpa nos outros:
06:15
"Oh, it's these CEOs.
They're behaving this way."
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"São os CEOs que estão
se comportando assim".
"Os governos não estão
fazendo o bastante."
06:18
"These governments are not doing enough."
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Mas e quanto a nós?
06:20
But how about us?
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06:21
How is each of us actually taking
the responsibility to be a steward
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Como cada um de nós, na verdade, assume
a responsabilidade de ser administrador
06:27
of the digital space we live in?
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do espaço digital em que vivemos?
Tenho pressionado os reitores
das universidades pois precisamos
06:29
And one of the things I've been pushing
on university presidents
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06:32
is we need every engineering and science
and computer science student
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que todo aluno de engenharia,
ciência e ciência da computação
06:36
who is about to write
the next line of code
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prestes a escrever
a próxima linha de código
ou projetar o próximo dispositivo IoT
06:39
or design the next IoT device
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06:41
to actually have in them
a sense of responsibility and stewardship
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tenha, na verdade,
um senso de responsabilidade e controle
sobre o que está construindo.
06:46
towards what they're building.
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06:48
So I suggested we create a new oath,
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Então, sugeri a criação
de um novo juramento,
06:50
like the Hippocratic Oath,
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como o Juramento de Hipócrates,
06:52
so that every student
entering an engineering program
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para que todo aluno que entra
em um programa de engenharia
06:55
takes a technocratic oath or a wisdom oath
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faça um juramento tecnocrata
ou um juramento de sabedoria
06:58
or some oath of commitment
to the rest of us.
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ou algum juramento de compromisso
com o restante de nós.
07:01
That's my best hope, that we all rise.
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Essa é minha melhor esperança:
que todos nos elevemos.
07:04
Because governments and businesses
will fight over this power game,
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Porque governos e empresas
irão brigar pelo jogo de poder,
07:09
but where are we?
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mas onde ficaremos?
A não ser que joguemos
nessa mesa de poder,
07:10
And unless we play into that power table,
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07:15
I think we'll end up in a bad place.
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acho que acabaremos numa situação ruim.
07:18
My biggest fear?
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Meu maior medo?
07:21
My biggest fear,
to be very tactical today,
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Meu maior medo, para ser
muito tático hoje,
07:24
what is keeping me up at night
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o que está tirando meu sono
07:26
is the current war between
the West, the liberal world,
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é a guerra atual entre o Ocidente,
o mundo liberal,
07:33
and China,
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e a China,
07:34
in the area of artificial intelligence.
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na área de inteligência artificial.
07:37
There is a real war going on,
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Há uma verdadeira guerra acontecendo,
07:39
and for those of us who have lived
through the nuclear nonproliferation age
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e para aqueles de nós que viveram
a era da não proliferação nuclear
07:44
and saw how people agreed
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e viram como as pessoas concordaram
em retirar algumas coisas muito perigosas,
07:46
to take some very dangerous
things off the table,
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07:50
well, the Carnegie Endowment
just finished a study.
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o Carnegie Endowment
acabou de terminar um estudo.
07:54
They talked to every country
that made nuclear weapons
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Conversaram com todos os países
que fabricaram armas nucleares
07:57
and asked them,
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e perguntaram a eles:
07:59
"Which digital 'weapon'
would you take off the table
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"Qual 'arma' digital
você retiraria contra escolas
ou hospitais de outra pessoa?"
08:04
against somebody else's
schools or hospitals?"
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08:07
And the answer --
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A resposta de toda potência nuclear
a essa questão foi:
08:09
from every nuclear power --
to this question was,
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08:13
nothing.
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nenhuma.
08:15
That's what I'm worried about ...
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É com isso que estou preocupado...
08:18
The weaponization of the digital space,
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O armamento do espaço digital
08:21
and the race to get there.
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e a corrida para chegar lá.
08:22
BF: Well, it sounds like
you've got a lot of work to do,
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2795
BF: Bem, parece que você tem
muito trabalho a fazer
08:25
and so do the rest of us.
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e nós também.
08:27
Fadi, thank you so much.
I really appreciate it.
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2686
Fadi, muito obrigada.
08:29
FC: Thank you.
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1151
FC: Obrigado.
08:31
(Applause)
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2539
(Aplausos)
Translated by Maurício Kakuei Tanaka
Reviewed by Leonardo Silva

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ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Fadi Chehadé - Technologist, entrepreneur
Fadi Chehadé is focused on finding ways for society to benefit from technology and strengthening international cooperation in the digital space.

Why you should listen

Fadi Chehadé is a serial entrepreneur who has founded and led several companies in the digital space including Vocado LLC (acquired by Oracle in 2018) and Viacore (purchased by IBM in 2006). He is an advisory board member with the World Economic Forum's Center for the Fourth Industrial Revolution that focuses on maximizing the benefits of science and technology for society. Chehadé is also a member of the UN Secretary-General’s High-Level Panel on Digital Cooperation that will advance proposals to strengthen international cooperation in the digital space.  

Chehadé serves on the corporate boards of Sentry Data Systems and Interactions LLC and the advisory board of the University of Southern California’s Center on Public Diplomacy. For two years, he was a Senior Advisor to Prof. Klaus Schwab, Executive Chairman of the World Economic Forum, where he focused on public-private cooperation to address issues affecting the digital economy. As former President and CEO of ICANN, the global authority managing the Internet's logical infrastructure and ensuring "one" internet for the world, Chehadé guided its historic transition to an independent transnational institution governed jointly by private, public and civic stakeholders.

More profile about the speaker
Fadi Chehadé | Speaker | TED.com
Bryn Freedman - Editorial director and curator, TED Institute
Bryn Freedman helps those who want to give the "talk of their lives" in a clear, passionate and authentic way.

Why you should listen

Award-winning TV producer, investigative journalist and author, Bryn Freedman joined TED in 2014 as the editorial director and curator for the TED Institute. In her work with TED, Freedman creates and executes TED conference events for Fortune 500 companies, overseeing all editorial content as well as managing speaker coaches and determining both the topics for each talk and the overall conference theme. In addition to curating these events, she works as an executive speaker coach for professionals who want to give the "talk of their lives" in a clear, passionate and authentic way.

Freedman is also co-founder of Voices4Freedom, an international organization aimed at eradicating slavery through education and media.

More profile about the speaker
Bryn Freedman | Speaker | TED.com

Data provided by TED.

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