TEDGlobal 2011
Harald Haas: Wireless data from every light bulb
Harald Haas: Brezžični prenos podatkov iz vsake žarnice
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Kako bi bilo, če bi vsaka žarnica omogočala tudi prenos podatkov? Harald Haas nam na dogodku TEDGlobal premierno predstavlja napravo, ki to omogoča. S hitrim preklapljanjem ene same LED-sijalke, s spremembo, ki je oko ne zazna, lahko prenašamo več podatkov kot bazna postaja mobilne telefonije -- bolj učinkovito, bolj varno in bolj razširjeno.
Harald Haas - Communications technology innovator
Harald Haas is the pioneer behind a new technology that can communicate as well as illuminate. Full bio
Harald Haas is the pioneer behind a new technology that can communicate as well as illuminate. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
Do you know
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Ali ste vedeli,
00:17
that we have 1.4 million cellular radio masts
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da je na svetu postavljenih 1,4 miljona radijskih
00:20
deployed worldwide?
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stolpov za mobilna omrežja?
00:22
And these are base stations.
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In to so zgolj bazne postaje.
00:24
And we also have
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Imamo tudi
00:26
more than five billion
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več kot pet milijard
00:28
of these devices here.
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teh napravic.
00:30
These are cellular mobile phones.
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To so mobilni telefoni.
00:33
And with these mobile phones,
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In s temi mobilnimi telefoni,
00:35
we transmit more than 600 terabytes of data
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vsak mesec prenesemo več kot
00:37
every month.
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600 terabajtov podatkov.
00:39
This is a 6 with 14 zeroes --
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To je 6 in 14 ničel --
00:41
a very large number.
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zelo velika številka.
00:43
And wireless communications
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In brezžične komunikacije
00:46
has become a utility
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so postale dobrina
00:49
like electricity and water.
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kot elektrika in voda.
00:51
We use it everyday. We use it in our everyday lives now --
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Uporabljamo jih vsak dan. Uporabljamo jo v našem vsakdanjem življenju --
00:54
in our private lives, in our business lives.
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v svojem zasebnem in poslovnem življenju.
00:56
And we even have to be asked sometimes, very kindly,
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In včasih nas morajo na dogodkih, kot je te, prijazno vprašati,
01:00
to switch off the mobile phone at events like this
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če lahko izključimo mobilne telefone
01:02
for good reasons.
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z dobrim razlogom.
01:05
And it's this importance
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In zaradi tega
01:07
why I decided to look into the issues
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sem se odločil, da pogledam probleme,
01:09
that this technology has,
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ki jih ima ta tehnologija,
01:11
because it's so fundamental to our lives.
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ker je postala tako osnovna v našem življenju.
01:14
And one of the issues is capacity.
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En problem je zmogljivost.
01:16
The way we transmit wireless data is by using electromagnetic waves --
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Brezžične podatke prenašamo s pomočjo elektromagnetnega valovanja --
01:19
in particular, radio waves.
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še posebej, radijskih valov.
01:22
And radio waves are limited.
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In radijski valovi so omejeni.
01:24
They are scarce; they are expensive;
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So redki, dragi,
01:26
and we only have a certain range of it.
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in imamo samo določeno območje spektra.
01:30
And it's this limitation
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In prav ta omejitev
01:32
that doesn't cope
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ne dohaja
01:34
with the demand of wireless data transmissions
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zahtev po brezžičnem prenosu podatkov
01:36
and the number of bytes and data which are transmitted every month.
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in številu bajtov in podatkov, ki jih prenesemo vsak mesec.
01:39
And we are simply running out of spectrum.
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In preprosto nam primanjkuje frekvenčnega spektra.
01:41
There's another problem.
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Tu je še druga težava.
01:43
That is efficiency.
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To je učinkovitost.
01:45
These 1.4 million cellular radio masts, or base stations,
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Teh 1,4 milijona radijskih stolpov ali baznih postaj
01:48
consume a lot of energy.
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porabi veliko energije.
01:50
And mind you, most of the energy
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In pazite, večina te energije
01:52
is not used to transmit the radio waves,
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se ne porablja za oddajanje radijskih valov,
01:54
it is used to cool the base stations.
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temveč za hlajenje baznih postaj.
01:57
Then the efficiency of such a base station
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S tem je učinkovitost take postaje
01:59
is only at about five percent.
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zgolj okrog pet procentov.
02:02
And that creates a big problem.
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In to predstavlja velik problem.
02:05
Then there's another issue that you're all aware of.
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Tu je še ena težava, ki se je vsi zavedamo.
02:08
You have to switch off your mobile phone
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Telefone moramo izključiti
02:10
during flights.
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med letalskimi leti.
02:12
In hospitals, they are security issues.
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V bolnišnicah predstavljajo varnostni problem.
02:15
And security is another issue.
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In varnost je še en problem.
02:18
These radio waves penetrate through walls.
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Radijski valovi prehajajo skozi zidove.
02:20
They can be intercepted,
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So lahko prestreženi,
02:22
and somebody can make use of your network
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in nekdo se lahko poslužuje vašega omrežja,
02:25
if he has bad intentions.
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če ima slabe namene.
02:27
So these are the main four issues.
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To so trije glavni problemi.
02:29
But on the other hand,
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Po drugi strani
02:31
we have 14 billion of these:
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imamo 14 miljard teh:
02:33
light bulbs, light.
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žarnic, sijalk.
02:36
And light is part of the electromagnetic spectrum.
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In svetloba je del elektromagnetnega spektra.
02:39
So let's look at this in the context
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Torej poglejmo to v kontekstu
02:41
of the entire electromagnetic spectrum, where we have gamma rays.
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celotnega elektromagnetnega spektra, kjer imamo gama žarke.
02:44
You don't want to get close to gamma rays, it could be dangerous.
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In nočemo se približati žarkom gama, ker je to lahko nevarno.
02:46
X-rays, useful when you go to hospitals.
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Rentgenski žarki so uporabni v bolnišnicah.
02:49
Then there's ultraviolet light.
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In tu je ultravijolična svetloba,
02:51
it's good for a nice suntan,
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ki pripomore do lepega tena,
02:53
but otherwise dangerous for the human body.
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a je sicer škodljiva človeškemu telesu.
02:55
Infrared --
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Infrardeča --
02:57
due to eye safety regulations,
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zaradi predpisov varovanja oči,
02:59
can be only used with low power.
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se lahko uporablja le pri nizki moči.
03:01
And then we have the radio waves, they have the issues I've just mentioned.
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In potem imamo radijske valove s težavami, ki smo jih ravnokar našteli.
03:04
And in the middle there, we have this visible light spectrum.
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In tu v sredini imamo spekter vidne svetlobe.
03:07
It's light,
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To je svetloba,
03:09
and light has been around for many millions of years.
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ki nas obkroža že več milijonov let.
03:11
And in fact, it has created us,
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Pravzaprav, nas je ustvarila,
03:14
has created life,
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ustvarila je življenje,
03:16
has created all the stuff of life.
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in ustvarila je stvari, od katerih živimo.
03:18
So it's inherently safe to use.
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Tako je sama po sebi varna za uporabo.
03:21
And wouldn't it be great to use that for wireless communications?
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In bilo bi krasno, če bi jo uporabili za brezžične komunikacije.
03:25
Not only that, I compared [it to] the entire spectrum.
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Ne samo to, primerjal sem jo s celotnim spektrom.
03:28
I compared the radio waves spectrum --
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Primerjal sem spekter radijskih valov --
03:30
the size of it --
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velikost tega --
03:32
with the size of the visible light spectrum.
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z velikostjo spektra vidne svetlobe.
03:34
And guess what?
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In veste kaj?
03:36
We have 10,000 times more of that spectrum,
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Imamo 10.000-krat več spektra,
03:39
which is there for us to use.
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ki čaka, da ga uporabimo.
03:42
So not only do we have this huge amount of spectrum,
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Ne samo, da imamo ta ogromen pas spektra,
03:45
let's compare that with a number I've just mentioned.
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primerjajmo ga s številom, ki sem ga omenil.
03:47
We have 1.4 million
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Imamo 1,4 milijonov
03:49
expensively deployed,
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postavljenih dragih in
03:51
inefficient radio cellular base stations.
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neučinkovitih radijskih baznih postaj.
03:54
And multiply that by 10,000,
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Pomnožite to z 10.000,
03:56
then you end up at 14 billion.
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in dobite 14 milijard.
03:58
14 billion is the number of light bulbs installed already.
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14 milijard je število nameščenih sijalk.
04:01
So we have the infrastructure there.
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Torej imamo infrastrukturo.
04:03
Look at the ceiling, you see all these light bulbs.
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Poglejte v strop, vidite vse te sijalke.
04:06
Go to the main floor, you see these light bulbs.
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Stopite v pritličje, vidite te sijalke.
04:08
Can we use them for communications?
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Jih lahko uporabimo za komunikacijo?
04:10
Yes.
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Da.
04:12
What do we need to do?
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Kaj moramo torej storiti?
04:14
The one thing we need to do
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Ena stvar, ki jo moramo narediti
04:16
is we have to replace these inefficient incandescent light bulbs,
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je, da zamenjamo te neučinkovite žarilne sijalke in
04:19
florescent lights,
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fluorescentne sijalke
04:22
with this new technology of LED,
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s to novo tehnologijo LED,
04:24
LED light bulbs.
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LED sijalk.
04:26
An LED is a semiconductor. It's an electronic device.
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In LED je polprevodnik. Je elektronska naprava.
04:28
And it has a very nice acute property.
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In ima zelo lepo last lastnost.
04:32
Its intensity can be modulated
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Intenzivnost lahko moduliramo
04:35
at very high speeds,
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z zelo velikimi hitrostmi,
04:37
and it can be switched off at very high speeds.
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in lahko jih preklapljamo pri zelo velikih hitrostih.
04:40
And this is a fundamental basic property
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In to je pomembna osnovna lastnost,
04:42
that we exploit
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raziskana
04:44
with our technology.
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z našo tehnologijo.
04:47
So let's show how we do that.
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Poglejmo si, kako to naredimo.
04:49
Let's go to the closest neighbor to the visible light spectrum --
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Obiščimo najbližje sosede vidnega spektra svetlobe --
04:51
go to remote controls.
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poglejmo daljinske upravljalnike.
04:53
You all know remote controls have an infrared LED --
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Vsi vemo, da daljinci imajo infrardečo diodo LED --
04:55
basically you switch on the LED, and if it's off, you switch it off.
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v osnovi vklopimo diodo LED, in je izključena, ko jo izključimo.
04:58
And it creates a simple, low-speed data stream
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To ustvarja preprost počasen tok podatkov
05:01
in 10,000 bits per second,
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v 10.000 bitih na sekundo,
05:03
20,000 bits per second.
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20.000 bitih na sekundo.
05:05
Not usable for a YouTube video.
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Neuporabno za predvajanje YouTube videa.
05:07
What we have done
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In kaj smo naredili,
05:09
is we have developed a technology
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razvili smo tehnologijo,
05:12
with which we can furthermore
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s katero lahko bolje
05:15
replace the remote control of our light bulb.
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nadomestimo daljinsko upravljanje naše sijalke.
05:17
We transmit with our technology,
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Z našo tehnologijo lahko oddajamo
05:19
not only a single data stream,
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več kot en sam tok podatkov,
05:21
we transmit thousands of data streams
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oddajamo lahko na tisoče vzporednih
05:23
in parallel,
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podatkovnih tokov,
05:25
at even higher speeds.
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z še višjimi hitrostmi.
05:27
And the technology we have developed --
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In tehnologija, ki smo jo razvili --
05:29
it's called SIM OFDM.
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se imenuje SIM OFDM.
05:31
And it's spacial modulation --
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Gre za prostorsko modulacijo --
05:33
these are the only technical terms, I'm not going into details --
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naj to ostanejo edini tehnični pojmi, ne bom se spuščal v podrobnosti --
05:36
but this is how we enabled
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toda to je kako smo omogočili,
05:38
that light source
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da vir svetlobe
05:40
to transmit data.
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prenaša podatke.
05:43
You will say, "Okay, this is nice --
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Rekli boste, "V redu, to je lepo --
05:46
a slide created in 10 minutes."
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v desetih minutah pripravljene prosojnice".
05:48
But not only that.
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Ne samo to.
05:50
What we've done
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Kar smo naredili
05:52
is we have also developed a demonstrator.
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je tudi prikaz delovanja tehnologije.
05:55
And I'm showing for the first time in public
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In prvič v javnosti vam
05:57
this visible light demonstrator.
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to tudi prikazujem.
05:59
And what we have here
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Kar imam pred seboj
06:01
is no ordinary desk lamp.
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je običajna namizna svetilka.
06:04
We fit in an LED light bulb,
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Opremili smo jo z LED sijalko,
06:06
worth three U.S. dollars,
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vrednosti treh ameriških dolarjev,
06:09
put in our signal processing technology.
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in dodano našo tehnologijo procesiranja signalov.
06:11
And then what we have here is a little hole.
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In kar imamo tukaj, je majhna luknjica.
06:14
And the light goes through that hole.
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Skozi katero prehaja svetloba.
06:16
There's a receiver.
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Tu notri je sprejemnik.
06:18
The receiver will convert these little, subtle changes in the amplitude
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Sprejemnik bo pretvoril majhne in subtilne spremembe amplitude,
06:21
that we create there
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ki jo ustvarjamo
06:23
into an electrical signal.
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v električni signal.
06:25
And that signal is then converted back
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In ta signal je potem ponovno pretvorjen
06:27
to a high-speed data stream.
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v tok podatkov visoke hitrosti.
06:29
In the future we hope
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Upamo, da bomo v prihodnosti
06:31
that we can integrate this little hole
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lahko integrirali tole malo luknjico
06:33
into these smart phones.
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v te pametne telefone.
06:36
And not only integrate a photo detector here,
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In ne samo vgradili detektor svetlobe,
06:39
but maybe use the camera inside.
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morda celo uporabili vgrajeno kamero.
06:43
So what happens
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In kaj se zgodi,
06:45
when I switch on that light?
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ko vključim to luč?
06:50
As you would expect,
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Kot pričakujete,
06:52
it's a light, a desk lamp.
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gre za namizno svetilko.
06:54
Put your book beneath it and you can read.
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Če jo postavite nad knjigo, jo lahko berete.
06:57
It's illuminating the space.
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Osvetljuje prostor.
06:59
But at the same time, you see this video coming up here.
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Toda obenem, lahko vidimo ta video.
07:03
And that's a video, a high-definition video
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In to je video visoke ločljivosti HD,
07:06
that is transmitted through that light beam.
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ki ga oddajamo skozi ta snop svetlobe.
07:08
You're critical.
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Ste kritični,
07:10
You think, "Ha, ha, ha.
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in si mislite: "Ha ha ha,
07:12
This is a smart academic doing a little bit of tricks here."
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ta akademik izvaja male trike".
07:15
But let me do this.
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A naj naredim tole.
07:19
(Applause)
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(Aplavz)
07:24
Once again.
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Še enkrat.
07:27
Still don't believe?
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Še vedno ne verjamete?
07:30
It is this light
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Prav ta luč
07:32
that transmits this high-definition video in a split stream.
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oddaja ta HD-video.
07:36
And if you look at the light,
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In če pogledate to luč,
07:39
it is illuminating as you would expect.
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osvetljuje prostor, kot tudi pričakujemo.
07:41
You don't notice with your human eye.
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Neopazno za človeško oko.
07:43
You don't notice the subtle changes in the amplitude
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Ne zaznamo subtilnih sprememb amplitude,
07:46
that we impress onto this light bulb.
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ki smo jih vtisnili v to sijalko.
07:49
It's serving the purpose of illumination,
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Služi namenu osvetljave,
07:51
but at the same time, we are able to transmit this data.
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a obenem omogoča, da prenašamo te podatke.
07:54
And you see,
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In kot pravkar vidite,
07:56
even light from the ceiling comes down here to the receiver.
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tudi svetloba iz stropa pride do sprejemnika.
07:59
It can ignore that constant light,
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Sprejemnik lahko to konstantno svetlobo spregleda,
08:02
because all the receiver's interested in
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ker ga zanimajo zgolj te
08:04
are subtle changes.
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subtilne spremembe.
08:09
You also have a critical question now, and
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Tu in tam lahko postavite tudi kritična vprašanja.
08:11
you say, "Okay,
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Vprašate "V redu,
08:13
do I have to have the light on all the time
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torej moramo imeti vedno prižgano luč,
08:15
to have this working?"
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če želimo da to deluje?"
08:17
And the answer is yes.
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In odgovor je pritrdilen.
08:19
But, you can dim down the light
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A lahko zmanjšamo nivo svetlobe
08:23
to a level that it appears to be off.
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do te mere, da luč zgleda kot ugasnjena.
08:25
And you are still able to transmit data -- that's possible.
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In še vedno bomo lahko prenašali podatke -- to je možno.
08:28
So I've mentioned to you the four challenges.
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Prej sem vam naštel štiri izzive.
08:31
Capacity:
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Zmogljivost:
08:33
We have 10,000 times more spectrum,
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Na voljo imamo 10.000-krat večji spekter,
08:35
10,000 times more LEDs
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10.000-krat več že nameščenih
08:37
installed already in the infrastructure there.
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LED-svetil v naši infrastrukturi.
08:39
You would agree with me, hopefully,
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Upam, da se strinjate z menoj,
08:41
there's no issue of capacity anymore.
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da smo opravili z zmogljivostjo.
08:43
Efficiency:
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Učinkovitost:
08:45
This is data through illumination --
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Gre za podatke skozi osvetlitev --
08:47
it's first of all an illumination device.
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to je v prvi vrsti svetilo.
08:49
And if you do the energy budget,
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In če imate proračun za osvetljavo,
08:52
the data transmission comes for free --
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je prenos podatkov dodan brezplačno --
08:54
highly energy efficient.
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visoka energijska učinkovitost.
08:56
I don't mention the high energy efficiency
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Niti ne omenjam visoke učinkovitosti
08:58
of these LED light bulbs.
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teh LED-sijalk.
09:00
If the whole world would deploy them,
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Če bi jih uporabljal cel svet,
09:02
you would save hundreds of power plants.
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bi lahko prihranili energijo nekaj sto elektrarn.
09:05
That's aside.
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Za ob stran.
09:07
And then I've mentioned the availability.
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In omenil sem razpoložljivost.
09:09
You will agree with me that we have lights in the hospital.
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Strinjali se boste z menoj, da imamo luči v bolnišnicah.
09:12
You need to see what to do.
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Vidite, da jih imamo.
09:14
You have lights in an aircraft.
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Imamo luči v letalih.
09:16
So it's everywhere in a day there is light.
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Torej povsod, kjer je svetlo.
09:18
Look around. Everywhere. Look at your smart phone.
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Zazrite se okrog. Povsod. Poglejte svoj telefon.
09:21
It has a flashlight, an LED flashlight.
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Ima bliskavico, LED-bliskavico.
09:23
These are potential sources for high-speed data transmission.
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To so potencialni viri širokopasovnih prenosov podatkov.
09:27
And then there's security.
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Potem je tu še varnost.
09:30
You would agree with me
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Strinjali se boste z menoj,
09:32
that light doesn't penetrate through walls.
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da luč ne prodira skozi zidove.
09:35
So no one, if I have a light here,
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Torej nihče, če imam svetlobo tukaj,
09:37
if I have secure data,
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in imam občutljive podatke,
09:39
no one on the other side of this room through that wall
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nihče na drugi strani te sobe, onkraj tistega zidu,
09:41
would be able to read that data.
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ne more prebrati teh podatkov.
09:43
And there's only data where there is light.
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In podatki so le, kjer je svetloba.
09:46
So if I don't want that receiver to receive the data,
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Če ne želite, da sprejemnik sprejema podatke,
09:50
then what I could do,
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lahko vir svetlobe
09:54
turn it away.
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preprosto obrnemo drugam.
09:57
So the data goes in that direction, not there anymore.
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Tako gredo podatki v to smer in nič več v tisto.
09:59
Now we can in fact see where the data is going to.
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Sedaj lahko pravzaprav vidimo, kam pošiljamo podatke.
10:05
So for me,
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Vsaj zame
10:08
the applications of it,
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aplikacijske vrednosti
10:11
to me, are beyond imagination at the moment.
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presegajo trenutno domišljijo.
10:15
We have had a century of very nice, smart application developers.
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Imeli smo prijetno stoletje, pametnih razvijalcev.
10:19
And you only have to notice, where we have light,
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Velja pomisliti le, da kjer imamo svetlobo,
10:22
there is a potential way to transmit data.
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imamo potencialen nov način prenosa podatkov.
10:25
But I can give you a few examples.
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Lahko vam podam nekaj primerov.
10:28
Well you may see the impact already now.
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Morda si boste lažje predstavljali posledice.
10:32
This is a remote operated vehicle
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To je daljinsko upravljano plovilo
10:34
beneath the ocean.
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v globinah oceanov.
10:36
And they use light to illuminate space down there.
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In uporablja svetlobo za osvetlitev okolice.
10:39
And this light can be used to transmit wireless data
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Isto svetlobo lahko uporabimo tudi za brezžični prenos podatkov,
10:41
that these things [use] to communicate with each other.
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ki so potrebni, za medsebojno komunikacijo.
10:44
Intrinsically safe environments
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Okolja, ki zahtevajo varnost,
10:46
like this petrochemical plant --
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kot je tale petrokemični obrat --
10:48
you can't use RF, it may generate antenna sparks,
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ne smemo uporabljati radijskih frekvenc, ker antena lahko proži iskrenje,
10:51
but you can use light -- you see plenty of light there.
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a lahko uporabimo svetlobo. Kot vidite tu je veliko svetlobe.
10:54
In hospitals,
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V bolnišnicah,
10:56
for new medical instruments;
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za nove medicinske instrumente,
10:59
in streets for traffic control.
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na cestah za nadzor prometa.
11:02
Cars have LED-based headlights, LED-based back lights,
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Avtomobili imajo prednje in zadnje LED-luči
11:05
and cars can communicate with each other
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in avtomobili bi lahko s tem komunicirali med seboj
11:07
and prevent accidents
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in s pomočjo izmenjave podatkov
11:10
in the way that they exchange information.
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preprečevali nesreče.
11:13
Traffic lights can communicate to the car and so on.
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Semaforji lahko komunicirajo z avtomobili in tako naprej.
11:16
And then you have these millions of street lamps
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In tu imamo na milijone cestnih luči
11:19
deployed around the world.
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širom sveta.
11:22
And every street lamp could be a free access point.
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In vsaka cestna luč je lahko brezplačna dostopna točka.
11:24
We call it, in fact, a Li-Fi,
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Pravzaprav to imenujemo Li-Fi
11:26
light-fidelity.
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(light-fidelity).
11:28
And then we have these aircraft cabins.
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Podobno imamo v kabinah letal
11:32
There are hundreds of lights in an aircraft cabin,
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na stotine lučk in
11:36
and each of these lights
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vsaka izmed teh lučk
11:38
could be a potential transmitter of wireless data.
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je lahko potencialen oddajnik brezžičnih podatkov.
11:41
So you could enjoy your most favorite TED video
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Lahko bi uživali v vašem priljubljenem TED videu
11:44
on your long flight back home.
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na dolgem letu nazaj domov.
11:46
Online life. So that is a vision, I think, that is possible.
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Povezano življenje. Verjamem da je vizija mogoča.
11:55
So, all we would need to do
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Vse, kar potrebujemo je,
11:57
is to fit a small microchip
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da vgradimo mali mikročip
11:59
to every potential illumination device.
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v vsako potencialno svetilo.
12:02
And this would then combine
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In to bi združevalo
12:05
two basic functionalities:
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dve osnovni funkciji:
12:07
illumination and wireless data transmission.
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osvetljavo in brezžičen prenos podatkov.
12:09
And it's this symbiosis that I personally believe
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In osebno verjamem, da lahko ta simbioza
12:12
could solve the four essential problems
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reši bistvene probleme,
12:14
that face us in wireless communication these days.
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s katerimi se soočamo pri današnji brezžični komunikaciji.
12:17
And in the future,
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In v prihodnje
12:19
you would not only have 14 billion light bulbs,
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ne bomo imeli zgolj 14 milijard sijalk,
12:22
you may have 14 billion Li-Fis
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ampak 14 milijard sijalk Li-Fi
12:25
deployed worldwide --
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širom sveta --
12:27
for a cleaner, a greener,
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za bolj čisto, bolj zeleno
12:29
and even a brighter future.
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in še svetlejši jutri.
12:31
Thank you.
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Hvala.
12:33
(Applause)
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(Aplavz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Harald Haas - Communications technology innovatorHarald Haas is the pioneer behind a new technology that can communicate as well as illuminate.
Why you should listen
Imagine using your car headlights to transmit data ... or surfing the web safely on a plane, tethered only by a line of sight. Harald Haas is working on it. He currently holds the Chair of Mobile Communications at the University of Edinburgh, and is co-founder and Chief Scientific Officer of pureLiFi Ltd as well as the Director of the LiFi Research and Development Center at the University of Edinburgh. His main research interests are in optical wireless communications, hybrid optical wireless and RF communications, spatial modulation, and interference coordination in wireless networks.
Haas has long been studying ways to communicate electronic data signals, designing modulation techniques that pack more data onto existing networks. But his latest work leaps beyond wires and radio waves to transmit data via an LED bulb that glows and darkens faster than the human eye can see. His group published the first proof-of-concept results demonstrating that it is possible to to turn commercially available light emitting diode (LED) light bulbs into broadband wireless transmission systems.
"It should be so cheap that it's everywhere," he says. "Using the visible light spectrum, which comes for free, you can piggy-back existing wireless services on the back of lighting equipment."
Harald Haas | Speaker | TED.com