TEDxStanford
David Camarillo: Why helmets don't prevent concussions -- and what might
Dejvid Kamarilo (David Camarillo): Zašto kacige ne sprečavaju potres mozga, a šta bi moglo
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Šta je to potres mozga? Verovatno ne ono što mislite da jeste. U ovom govoru zasnovanom na najnovijim istraživanjima, bioinženjer (i bivši fudbaler) Dejvid Kamarilo pokazuje šta se stvarno dešava prilikom potresa mozga i zašto standardne sportske kacige ne sprečavaju isti. Evo kako izgleda budućnost sprečavanja potresa mozga.
David Camarillo - Bioengineer
David Camarillo's research focuses on understanding and preventing traumatic brain injury. Full bio
David Camarillo's research focuses on understanding and preventing traumatic brain injury. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
Pojam „potres mozga“ izaziva strah
danas više nego ikad ranije,
danas više nego ikad ranije,
00:12
The word concussion evokes a fear
these days more so than it ever has,
these days more so than it ever has,
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00:17
and I know this personally.
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a to znam iz sopstvenog iskustva.
00:19
I played 10 years of football,
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Igrao sam američki fudbal 10 godina,
00:22
was struck in the head thousands of times.
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imao udarce u glavu hiljadu puta.
00:24
And I have to tell you, though,
what was much worse than that
what was much worse than that
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A opet, moram vam reći,
ono što je bilo mnogo gore od toga
ono što je bilo mnogo gore od toga
00:28
was a pair of bike accidents I had
where I suffered concussions,
where I suffered concussions,
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bilo je par padova sa bicikla
kada sam pretrpeo potres mozga,
kada sam pretrpeo potres mozga,
00:33
and I'm still dealing with the effects
of the most recent one
of the most recent one
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i još uvek imam posledice od poslednjeg
00:36
today as I stand in front of you.
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dok danas stojim pred vama.
00:39
There is a fear around concussion
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Postoji strah od potresa mozga
00:42
that does have some evidence behind it.
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koji ima potporu u nekim dokazima.
00:45
There is information
that a repeated history of concussion
that a repeated history of concussion
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Postoji informacija
da učestala istorija potresa mozga
da učestala istorija potresa mozga
00:48
can lead to early dementia,
such as Alzheimer's,
such as Alzheimer's,
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može dovesti do rane demencije,
poput Alchajmera,
poput Alchajmera,
00:52
and chronic traumatic encephalopathy.
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i hronične traumatske encefalopatije.
00:54
That was the subject
of the Will Smith movie "Concussion."
of the Will Smith movie "Concussion."
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To je bila tema filma
Vila Smita „Potres mozga“.
Vila Smita „Potres mozga“.
00:58
And so everybody is caught up in football
and what they see in the military,
and what they see in the military,
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Tako se svi hvataju za fudbal
i za ono što vide u vojsci,
i za ono što vide u vojsci,
01:02
but you may not know
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međutim, možda ne znate
01:03
that bike riding is the leading cause
of concussion for kids,
of concussion for kids,
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da je vožnja bicikla vodeći uzrok
potresa mozga kod dece,
potresa mozga kod dece,
01:07
sports-related concussion, that is.
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tj. potres mozga vezan za sport.
01:11
And so another thing
that I should tell you
that I should tell you
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Druga stvar koju bi trebalo da vam kažem,
01:13
that you may not know
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a što možda ne znate,
01:14
is that the helmets that are worn
in bicycling and football
in bicycling and football
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je da kacige koje se nose
u biciklizmu, fudbalu
u biciklizmu, fudbalu
01:17
and many activities,
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u mnogim drugim aktivnostima,
01:19
they're not designed or tested
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nisu dizajnirane niti testirane
01:22
for how well they can protect
your children against concussion.
your children against concussion.
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za to koliko dobro mogu zaštititi
vaše dete od potresa mozga.
vaše dete od potresa mozga.
01:26
They're in fact designed and tested
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Zapravo su dizajnirane i testirane
01:27
for their ability to protect
against skull fracture.
against skull fracture.
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za to da zaštite od frakture lobanje.
01:31
And so I get this question
all the time from parents,
all the time from parents,
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Roditelji mi stalno
postavljaju jedno pitanje,
postavljaju jedno pitanje,
01:37
and they ask me,
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a pitaju me: „Da li bi ti pustio
svoje dete da igra američki fudbal?“
svoje dete da igra američki fudbal?“
01:39
"Would you let your own child
play football?"
play football?"
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01:41
Or, "Should I let my child play soccer?"
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Ili: „Da li bi trebalo da pustim
svoje dete da igra fudbal?“
svoje dete da igra fudbal?“
01:44
And I think that as a field,
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Mislim da smo, kao polje nauke,
01:47
we're a long way from giving an answer
with any kind of confidence there.
with any kind of confidence there.
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daleko od davanja
bilo kakvog samouverenog odgovora.
bilo kakvog samouverenog odgovora.
01:53
So I look at that question
from a bit of a different lens,
from a bit of a different lens,
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Ja gledam na to pitanje
iz malo drugačije perspektive,
iz malo drugačije perspektive,
01:57
and I want to know,
how can we prevent concussion?
how can we prevent concussion?
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i želim da znam kako možemo
sprečiti potres mozga?
sprečiti potres mozga?
02:00
Is that even possible?
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Da li je to čak moguće?
02:02
And most experts think that it's not,
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Većina stručnjaka smatra da nije,
02:06
but the work that we're doing in my lab
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ali ono što radimo u mojoj laboratoriji
02:08
is starting to reveal more
of the details around concussion
of the details around concussion
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počinje da otkriva više detalja
koji se tiču potresa mozga
koji se tiču potresa mozga
02:13
so that we can have
a better understanding.
a better understanding.
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tako da možemo bolje da ga razumemo.
02:15
The reason we're able
to prevent skull fracture with helmets
to prevent skull fracture with helmets
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Razlog zašto možemo
da sprečimo frakturu lobanje sa kacigom
da sprečimo frakturu lobanje sa kacigom
02:18
is because it's pretty simple.
We know how it works.
We know how it works.
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je prilično jednostavan.
Znamo kako funkcioniše.
Znamo kako funkcioniše.
02:21
Concussion has been
much more of a mystery.
much more of a mystery.
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Potres mozga je veća misterija.
02:24
So to give you a sense of what might
be happening in a concussion,
be happening in a concussion,
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Da bih vam približio šta se može
događati prilikom potresa mozga,
događati prilikom potresa mozga,
02:29
I want to show you the video here
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želim da vam pokažem jedan video
02:31
that you see when you type into Google,
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koji vidite kada na Guglu ukucate:
„Šta je potres mozga?“
02:33
"What is a concussion?"
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Izaći će sajt Centra za kontrolu
i prevenciju bolesti (CDC)
i prevenciju bolesti (CDC)
02:35
The CDC website comes up,
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02:36
and this video essentially
tells the whole story.
tells the whole story.
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i ovaj video u suštini iznosi celu priču.
02:40
What you see is the head moves forward,
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Vidite glavu kako se pomera napred,
02:42
the brain lags behind,
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mozak ostaje pozadi,
02:44
then the brain catches up
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potom mozak hvata ritam
02:46
and smashes into the skull.
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i udara u lobanju.
02:48
It rebounds off the skull
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Odbija se od lobanje
02:50
and then proceeds to run
into the other side of the skull.
into the other side of the skull.
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a onda nastavlja da ide
ka drugoj strani lobanje.
ka drugoj strani lobanje.
02:55
And what you'll notice is highlighted
in this video from the CDC,
in this video from the CDC,
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Ono što ćete primetiti da je naglašeno
u ovom videu sa sajta CDC-a,
u ovom videu sa sajta CDC-a,
02:58
which I'll note was funded by the NFL,
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koji, da napomenem, finansira NFL,
03:01
is that the outer surface of the brain,
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jeste da spoljašnja površina mozga,
03:04
where it was to have
smashed into the skull,
smashed into the skull,
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gde se desio udar o lobanju,
03:07
looks like it's been damaged or injured,
so it's on the outer surface of the brain.
so it's on the outer surface of the brain.
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izgleda kao da je oštećena ili povređena,
tako da je na spoljnoj površini mozga.
tako da je na spoljnoj površini mozga.
03:11
And what I'd like to do with this video
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A uz pomoć ovog videa
03:13
is to tell you that there are
some aspects that are probably right,
some aspects that are probably right,
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želeo bih da vam kažem da postoje
neki aspekti koji su verovatno tačni,
neki aspekti koji su verovatno tačni,
koji pokazuju šta naučnici
misle u vezi sa potresom mozga,
misle u vezi sa potresom mozga,
03:17
indicative of what the scientists
think happens with concussion,
think happens with concussion,
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ali verovatno je više onog
što je pogrešno kod ovog snimka.
što je pogrešno kod ovog snimka.
03:20
but there's probably more
that's wrong with this video.
that's wrong with this video.
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03:23
So one thing that I do agree with,
and I think most experts would,
and I think most experts would,
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Jedna stvar oko koje se slažem,
a mislim i većina stručnjaka,
a mislim i većina stručnjaka,
03:26
is that the brain
does have these dynamics.
does have these dynamics.
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je to da mozak zaista ima ovakve pokrete.
03:28
It does lag behind the skull
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Zaista ostaje u zadnjem delu lobanje
03:30
and then catch up and move
back and forth and oscillate.
back and forth and oscillate.
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i onda hvata ritam i pomera se
napred-nazad i oscilira.
napred-nazad i oscilira.
03:33
That we think is true.
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Smatramo da je to tačno.
03:35
However, the amount of motion
you see in the brain in this video
you see in the brain in this video
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Međutim, količina pokreta
koju vidite u mozgu na ovom snimku
koju vidite u mozgu na ovom snimku
03:39
is probably not right at all.
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verovatno uopšte nije tačna.
03:40
There's very little room
in the cranial vault,
in the cranial vault,
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Postoji vrlo malo prostora
u kranijalnom svodu,
u kranijalnom svodu,
03:44
only a few millimeters,
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samo nekoliko milimetara,
03:45
and it's filled entirely
with cerebral spinal fluid,
with cerebral spinal fluid,
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i on je u potpunosti ispunjen
cerebrospinalnom tečnošću
cerebrospinalnom tečnošću
03:49
which acts as a protective layer.
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koja se ponaša kao zaštitni omotač.
03:51
And so the brain as a whole probably
moves very little inside the skull.
moves very little inside the skull.
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Stoga se mozak kao celina verovatno
veoma malo pomera unutar lobanje.
veoma malo pomera unutar lobanje.
03:56
The other problem with this video
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Drugi problem kod ovog snimka
03:58
is that the brain is shown
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je da je mozak prikazan
04:00
as a kind of rigid whole
as it moves around,
as it moves around,
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kao rigidna celina dok se pomera okolo,
04:03
and that's not true either.
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a to takođe nije istina.
04:05
Your brain is one of the softest
substances in your body,
substances in your body,
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Mozak je jedna od najmekših
supstanci u vašem telu,
supstanci u vašem telu,
04:09
and you can think of it
kind of like jello.
kind of like jello.
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i o njemu možete misliti kao vrsti želea.
04:11
So as your head is moving back and forth,
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Dok vam se glava pomera napred-nazad,
04:13
your brain is twisting
and turning and contorting,
and turning and contorting,
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vaš mozak se uvija, okreće i krivi,
04:16
and the tissue is getting stretched.
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a tkivo se širi.
04:18
And so most experts, I think, would agree
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Zbog toga mislim
da bi se mnogi stručnjaci složili
da bi se mnogi stručnjaci složili
04:21
that concussion is not likely
to be something that's happening
to be something that's happening
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da potres mozga verovatno nije
nešto što se dešava
nešto što se dešava
04:24
on this outer surface of the brain,
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na spoljašnjoj strani mozga,
04:26
but rather it's something
that's much deeper
that's much deeper
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već je to pre nešto što ide mnogo dublje
04:28
towards the center of the brain.
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ka središtu mozga.
04:31
Now, the way that we're
approaching this problem
approaching this problem
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E, sad, način na koji mi
prilazimo ovom problemu
prilazimo ovom problemu
04:33
to try to understand
the mechanisms of concussion
the mechanisms of concussion
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kako bismo razumeli
mehanizme potresa mozga
mehanizme potresa mozga
04:36
and to figure out if we can prevent it
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i shvatili možemo li ih sprečiti
je tako što koristimo
jedan uređaj poput ovog.
jedan uređaj poput ovog.
04:38
is we are using a device like this.
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04:40
It's a mouthguard.
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Ovo je štitnik za zube.
04:42
It has sensors in it
that are essentially the same
that are essentially the same
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On u sebi ima senzore
koji su u osnovi isti
koji su u osnovi isti
04:45
that are in your cell phone:
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kao oni u vašem mobilnom:
04:47
accelerometers, gyroscopes,
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akcelerometri, žiroskopi,
04:49
and when someone is struck in the head,
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i kada neko dobije udarac u glavu,
04:51
it can tell you how their head moved
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može nam reći kako se glava pomerila
04:54
at a thousand samples per second.
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u hiljadu snimaka u sekundi.
04:58
The principle behind
the mouthguard is this:
the mouthguard is this:
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Prinicip koji stoji
iza štitnika za zube je ovaj:
iza štitnika za zube je ovaj:
05:01
it fits onto your teeth.
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prijanja uz zube.
05:02
Your teeth are one of the hardest
substances in your body.
substances in your body.
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Naši zubi su jedna od najčvršćih
supstanci u našem telu,
supstanci u našem telu,
05:05
So it rigidly couples to your skull
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tako da su čvrsto spojeni uz lobanju
05:07
and gives you the most precise
possible measurement
possible measurement
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i daju nam najpreciznije moguće merenje
05:10
of how the skull moves.
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toga kako se lobanja pomera.
05:12
People have tried
other approaches, with helmets.
other approaches, with helmets.
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Ljudi su probali
sa drugim pristupima, sa kacigama.
sa drugim pristupima, sa kacigama.
05:14
We've looked at other sensors
that go on your skin,
that go on your skin,
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Uzimali smo u obzir
druge senzore koji idu na kožu,
druge senzore koji idu na kožu,
05:18
and they all simply move around too much,
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i svi se oni naprosto previše pomeraju,
05:20
and so we found that this
is the only reliable way
is the only reliable way
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i tako smo otkrili da je ovo
jedini pouzdani način
jedini pouzdani način
05:23
to take a good measurement.
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da se dobiju dobra merenja.
05:27
So now that we've got this device,
we can go beyond studying cadavers,
we can go beyond studying cadavers,
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Sada kada imamo ovaj uređaj,
idemo dalje od proučavanja leševa,
idemo dalje od proučavanja leševa,
zato što o potresu mozga možete naučiti
samo do izvesne mere proučavanjem leša,
samo do izvesne mere proučavanjem leša,
05:31
because you can only
learn so much about concussion
learn so much about concussion
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05:34
from studying a cadaver,
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05:35
and we want to learn
and study live humans.
and study live humans.
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a mi želimo da učimo
proučavajući žive ljude.
proučavajući žive ljude.
05:38
So where can we find
a group of willing volunteers
a group of willing volunteers
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Pa, gde to možemo naći
neku grupu radih volontera
neku grupu radih volontera
05:42
to go out and smash their heads
into each other on a regular basis
into each other on a regular basis
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koji bi pristali da se stalno
udaraju glavama
udaraju glavama
05:46
and sustain concussion?
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i trpe potrese mozga?
05:47
Well, I was one of them,
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Pa, ja sam bio jedan od tih,
05:49
and it's your local friendly
Stanford football team.
Stanford football team.
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i to je vaš prijateljski lokalni
stenfordski fudbalski tim.
stenfordski fudbalski tim.
05:53
So this is our laboratory,
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Pa, ovo je naša laboratorija,
05:55
and I want to show you
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i želim da vam pokažem
05:57
the first concussion
we measured with this device.
we measured with this device.
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prvi potres mozga
koji smo izmerili ovim uređajem.
koji smo izmerili ovim uređajem.
06:00
One of the things that I should point out
is the device has this gyroscope in it,
is the device has this gyroscope in it,
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Ono što bih istakao
je da ovaj uređaj u sebi ima žiroskop,
je da ovaj uređaj u sebi ima žiroskop,
06:04
and that allows you
to measure the rotation of the head.
to measure the rotation of the head.
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a on nam omogućava
da izmerimo rotaciju glave.
da izmerimo rotaciju glave.
06:07
Most experts think
that that's the critical factor
that that's the critical factor
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Većina stručnjaka smatra
da je to kritični faktor
da je to kritični faktor
06:09
that might start to tell us
what is happening in concussion.
what is happening in concussion.
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koji bi mogao da nam pokaže
dešavanja tokom potresa mozga.
dešavanja tokom potresa mozga.
06:12
So please watch this video.
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Hajde da pogledamo snimak.
06:15
Announcer: Cougars bring
extra people late, but Luck has time,
extra people late, but Luck has time,
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Spiker: Kuguari kasno uvode više ljudi,
ali Lak ima vremena,
ali Lak ima vremena,
06:18
and Winslow is crushed.
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i Vinslou je oboren.
06:22
I hope he's all right.
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Nadam se da je dobro.
06:23
(Audience roars)
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(Urlici publike)
06:30
Top of your screen,
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Na vrhu ekrana,
06:32
you'll see him come on
just this little post route,
just this little post route,
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videćete ga kako nailazi
upravo ovom linijom,
upravo ovom linijom,
da dobije na odstojanju, sigurnosti.
06:34
get separation, safety.
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06:40
Here it comes at you in real speed.
You'll hear this.
You'll hear this.
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Evo ga u stvarnoj brzini. Čućete ovo.
06:44
The hit delivered by --
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Udarac je izveo -
06:47
David Camarillo: Sorry, three times
is probably a little excessive there.
is probably a little excessive there.
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Dejvid Kamarilo: Izvinite, tri puta
je bilo možda malo previše,
je bilo možda malo previše,
ali shvatili ste poentu.
06:51
But you get the idea.
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06:52
So when you look at just the film here,
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Sada kada ste videli ovaj film,
jedina stvar koju ste u suštini videli
je da je jako udaren i da je povređen.
je da je jako udaren i da je povređen.
06:55
pretty much the only thing you can see
is he got hit really hard and he was hurt.
is he got hit really hard and he was hurt.
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Međutim, kada izdvojimo podatke
06:59
But when we extract the data
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07:00
out of the mouthguard that he was wearing,
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iz štitnika za zube koji je nosio,
možemo videti dosta više detalja,
bogatijih informacija.
bogatijih informacija.
07:02
we can see much more detail,
much richer information.
much richer information.
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07:05
And one of the things that we noticed here
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Jedna od stvari koju smo ovde primetili
07:08
is that he was struck
in the lower left side of his face mask.
in the lower left side of his face mask.
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je da je dobio udarac
u donju levu stranu štitnika za lice.
u donju levu stranu štitnika za lice.
07:12
And so that did something first
that was a little counterintuitive.
that was a little counterintuitive.
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A to je dovelo prvo do nečega
što je bilo protivno intuiciji.
što je bilo protivno intuiciji.
Glava mu nije otišla udesno.
07:15
His head did not move to the right.
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Zapravo, prvo je zarotirala ulevo.
07:17
In fact, it rotated first to the left.
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07:19
Then as the neck began to compress,
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Potom kako je došlo do kompresije vrata,
07:21
the force of the blow caused it
to whip back to the right.
to whip back to the right.
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od siline udarca je odletela udesno.
07:25
So this left-right motion
was sort of a whiplash-type phenomenon,
was sort of a whiplash-type phenomenon,
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Tako je ovaj pokret sleva udesno
bio nešto poput jakog zamaha,
bio nešto poput jakog zamaha,
07:30
and we think that is probably
what led to the brain injury.
what led to the brain injury.
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i smatramo da je ovo verovatno
dovelo do povrede mozga.
dovelo do povrede mozga.
07:35
Now, this device is only limited in such
that it can measure the skull motion,
that it can measure the skull motion,
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E, sad, ovaj uređaj je ograničen
na to da meri pokrete lobanje,
na to da meri pokrete lobanje,
07:39
but what we really want to know
is what's happening inside of the brain.
is what's happening inside of the brain.
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ali ono što stvarno želimo da znamo
je šta se događa unutar mozga.
je šta se događa unutar mozga.
Zato sarađujemo sa grupom
Svajna Klajvena iz Švedske.
Svajna Klajvena iz Švedske.
07:42
So we collaborate with
Svein Kleiven's group in Sweden.
Svein Kleiven's group in Sweden.
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07:46
They've developed a finite element
model of the brain.
model of the brain.
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Oni su razvili konačni element
modela mozga.
modela mozga.
07:49
And so this is a simulation
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Ovo je simulacija
koja koristi podatke iz štitnika za zube
iz povrede koju sam vam pokazao,
iz povrede koju sam vam pokazao,
07:51
using the data from our mouthguard
from the injury I just showed you,
from the injury I just showed you,
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07:55
and what you see is the brain --
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a ono što vidite je mozak -
07:57
this is a cross-section right in the front
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ovo je presek tačno na prednjoj strani
07:59
of the brain twisting
and contorting as I mentioned.
and contorting as I mentioned.
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mozga dok se uvija i krivi
kao što sam spomenuo.
kao što sam spomenuo.
08:02
So you can see this doesn't
look a lot like the CDC video.
look a lot like the CDC video.
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Možete da vidite da ovo
ne liči mnogo na snimak CDC-a.
ne liči mnogo na snimak CDC-a.
08:05
Now, the colors that you're looking at
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Boje koje vidite
08:07
are how much the brain tissue
is being stretched.
is being stretched.
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pokazuju kako se tkivo mozga širi.
08:11
And so the red is 50 percent.
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Tako crvena označava 50 procenata.
08:13
That means the brain has been stretched
to 50 percent of its original length,
to 50 percent of its original length,
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To znači da se mozak proširio
do 50 procenata svoje dužine,
do 50 procenata svoje dužine,
tj. tkivo u toj određenoj zoni.
08:16
the tissue in that particular area.
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A glavna stvar na koju hoću
da vam skrenem pažnju je crvena tačka.
da vam skrenem pažnju je crvena tačka.
08:18
And the main thing I want to draw
your attention to is this red spot.
your attention to is this red spot.
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Crvena tačka je jako blizu središtu mozga,
08:21
So the red spot is very close
to the center of the brain,
to the center of the brain,
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08:25
and relatively speaking,
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i relativno govoreći,
08:26
you don't see a lot of colors like that
on the exterior surface
on the exterior surface
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ne možete videti mnogo takvih boja
na spoljašnjoj površini
na spoljašnjoj površini
08:31
as the CDC video showed.
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kako je prikazano na snimku CDC-a.
08:34
Now, to explain a little more detail
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A sad, da malo detaljnije pojasnim
08:36
about how we think
concussion might be happening,
concussion might be happening,
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kako mi smatramo
da se potres mozga dešava,
da se potres mozga dešava,
08:40
one thing I should mention
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a trebalo bi i da spomenem
08:41
is that we and others have observed
that a concussion is more likely
that a concussion is more likely
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da smo mi i drugi primetili
da je potres mozga verovatniji
da je potres mozga verovatniji
08:44
when you're struck and your head
rotates in this direction.
rotates in this direction.
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kada ste zadobili udarac
i glava vam rotira u ovom pravcu.
i glava vam rotira u ovom pravcu.
08:48
This is more common
in sports like football,
in sports like football,
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Ovo je uobičajenije
u sportovima poput fudbala,
u sportovima poput fudbala,
08:51
but this seems to be more dangerous.
So what might be happening there?
So what might be happening there?
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ali izgleda da je opasnije.
Pa, šta bi se moglo dešavati ovde?
Pa, šta bi se moglo dešavati ovde?
08:54
Well, one thing that you'll notice
in the human brain
in the human brain
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Jedna stvar koju ćete primetiti
u ljudskom mozgu
u ljudskom mozgu
koja je drugačija
nego kod ostalih životinja
nego kod ostalih životinja
08:57
that is different than other animals
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08:59
is we have these two very large lobes.
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je da mi imamo dva vrlo velika režnja.
09:01
We have the right brain
and the left brain.
and the left brain.
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Imamo desnu i levu hemisferu mozga.
09:04
And the key thing
to notice in this figure here
to notice in this figure here
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A ključna stvar na ovoj slici ovde
09:07
is that right down the center
of the right brain and the left brain
of the right brain and the left brain
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je da se baš u središtu
desne i leve hemisfere
desne i leve hemisfere
09:10
there's a large fissure
that goes deep into the brain.
that goes deep into the brain.
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nalazi jedna ogromna pukotina
koja zalazi duboko u mozak.
koja zalazi duboko u mozak.
09:13
And in that fissure,
what you can't see in this image,
what you can't see in this image,
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A u toj pukotini, što ne možete
videti na ovoj slici,
videti na ovoj slici,
09:16
you'll have to trust me,
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moraćete da mi verujete,
09:17
there is a fibrous sheet of tissue.
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nalazi se fibrozna ploča tkiva.
09:19
It's called the falx,
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Ona se zove srp
09:20
and it runs from the front of your head
all the way to the back of your head,
all the way to the back of your head,
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i ide sve od prednjeg dela
do zadnjeg dela glave,
do zadnjeg dela glave,
i prilično je kruta.
09:24
and it's quite stiff.
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09:25
And so what that allows for
is when you're struck
is when you're struck
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Ono što ona dozvoljava
je da kada dobijete udarac
je da kada dobijete udarac
09:28
and your head rotates
in this left-right direction,
in this left-right direction,
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i glava vam zarotira u pravcu levo-desno,
09:31
forces can rapidly transmit
right down to the center of your brain.
right down to the center of your brain.
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sila se jako brzo prenosi
sve do središta mozga.
sve do središta mozga.
09:35
Now, what's there
at the bottom of this fissure?
at the bottom of this fissure?
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E, sad, šta se nalazi na dnu ove pukotine?
09:39
It's the wiring of your brain,
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To je mreža vašeg mozga,
09:41
and in fact this red bundle
here at the bottom of that fissure
here at the bottom of that fissure
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i zapravo ova crvena grupa
ovde na dnu te pukotine
ovde na dnu te pukotine
09:46
is the single largest fiber bundle
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je najveća pojedinačna grupa,
09:49
that is the wiring that connects
the right and left sides of your brain.
the right and left sides of your brain.
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to jest mreža koja povezuje
desnu i levu stranu mozga.
desnu i levu stranu mozga.
09:53
It's called the corpus callosum.
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Naziva se žuljevito telo.
09:55
And we think that this might be
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Smatramo da bi ovo mogao biti
09:57
one of the most common
mechanisms of concussion,
mechanisms of concussion,
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jedan od najuobičajenijih
mehanizama potresa mozga,
mehanizama potresa mozga,
10:01
and as the forces move down,
they strike the corpus callosum,
they strike the corpus callosum,
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i kako se sile pomeraju na dole,
one pogađaju žuljevito telo,
one pogađaju žuljevito telo,
10:06
it causes a dissociation
between your right and your left brain
between your right and your left brain
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ono prouzrokuje odvajanje
između desne i leve strane mozga
između desne i leve strane mozga
10:09
and could explain some
of the symptoms of concussion.
of the symptoms of concussion.
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i može objasniti neke
od simptoma potresa mozga.
od simptoma potresa mozga.
10:12
This finding is also consistent
of what we've seen
of what we've seen
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Ovo otkriće se takođe slaže
sa onim što smo videli
sa onim što smo videli
10:15
in this brain disease that I mentioned,
chronic traumatic encephalopathy.
chronic traumatic encephalopathy.
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kod ove moždane bolesti koju sam spomenuo,
hronična traumatska encefalopatija.
hronična traumatska encefalopatija.
10:19
So this is an image of a middle-aged
ex-professional football player,
ex-professional football player,
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Ovo je slika sredovečnog
bivšeg profesionalnog fudbalera,
bivšeg profesionalnog fudbalera,
10:25
and the thing that I want to point out
is if you look at the corpus callosum,
is if you look at the corpus callosum,
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i ono što želim da istaknem je da,
ako pogledate žuljevito telo,
ako pogledate žuljevito telo,
10:29
and I'll page back here so you can see
the size of a normal corpus callosum
the size of a normal corpus callosum
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a vratiću unazad da vidite
veličinu normalnog žuljevitog tela
veličinu normalnog žuljevitog tela
10:33
and the size of the person here
who has chronic traumatic encephalopathy,
who has chronic traumatic encephalopathy,
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i veličinu istog kod osobe ovde koja pati
od hronične traumatske encefalopatije,
od hronične traumatske encefalopatije,
10:37
it is greatly atrophied.
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prilično je atrofiralo.
10:40
And the same goes
for all of the space in the ventricles.
for all of the space in the ventricles.
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Isto važi i za sve prostore u komorama.
10:43
These ventricles are much larger.
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Ove komore su mnogo veće.
10:45
And so all of this tissue
near the center of the brain
near the center of the brain
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Tako je sve ovo tkivo blizu središta mozga
vremenom odumrlo.
10:47
has died off over time.
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10:49
So what we're learning
is indeed consistent.
is indeed consistent.
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Tako je ono što saznajemo
zapravo dosledno.
zapravo dosledno.
10:53
Now, there is some good news here,
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E, sad, ima ovde i dobrih vesti,
10:56
and I hope to give you a sense
of hope by the end of this talk.
of hope by the end of this talk.
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i nadam se da ću vam uliti nadu
do kraja ovog govora.
do kraja ovog govora.
10:59
One of the things that we've noticed,
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Jedna od stvari koju smo uočili,
11:01
specifically about
this mechanism of injury,
this mechanism of injury,
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konkretno u vezi sa mehanizmom povrede,
11:04
is although there's a rapid transmission
of the forces down this fissure,
of the forces down this fissure,
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jeste da, iako se dešava
brzi prenos sile niz pukotinu,
brzi prenos sile niz pukotinu,
11:08
it still takes a defined amount of time.
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ipak mu je neophodno određeno vreme.
11:11
And what we think is that if we can
slow the head down just enough
slow the head down just enough
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Smatramo da, ako bismo mogli
usporiti spuštanje taman toliko
usporiti spuštanje taman toliko
11:15
so that the brain
does not lag behind the skull
does not lag behind the skull
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da mozak ne ostaje u zadnjem delu lobanje
11:19
but instead it moves
in synchrony with the skull,
in synchrony with the skull,
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već da se pomera
sinhronizovano sa lobanjom,
sinhronizovano sa lobanjom,
11:22
then we might be able to prevent
this mechanism of concussion.
this mechanism of concussion.
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onda bismo bili u mogućnosti
da sprečimo mehanizam potresa mozga.
da sprečimo mehanizam potresa mozga.
11:25
So how can we slow the head down?
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Pa, kako možemo da usporimo spuštanje?
11:30
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
11:32
A gigantic helmet.
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Nekom ogromnom kacigom.
11:35
So with more space, you have more time,
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Sa više prostora, imate više vremena,
11:38
and this is a bit of a joke,
but some of you may have seen this.
but some of you may have seen this.
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i ovo možda jeste smešno,
ali neki od vas su videli ovo.
ali neki od vas su videli ovo.
11:41
This is bubble soccer,
and it's a real sport.
and it's a real sport.
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Ovo je fudbal u balonu,
i to je stvaran sport.
i to je stvaran sport.
11:43
In fact, I saw some young adults
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Zapravo, video sam mlade
11:45
playing this sport down the street
from my house the other day,
from my house the other day,
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pre neki dan kako igraju
ovaj sport u mojoj ulici,
ovaj sport u mojoj ulici,
i koliko ja znam, nije bilo
registrovanih potresa mozga.
registrovanih potresa mozga.
11:48
and as far as I know
there have been no reported concussions.
there have been no reported concussions.
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11:51
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
11:52
But in all seriousness,
this principle does work,
this principle does work,
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No, sad ozbiljno,
ovaj princip daje rezultate,
ovaj princip daje rezultate,
11:56
but this has gone too far.
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ali ovo bi bilo previše.
11:58
This isn't something that's practical
for bike riding or playing football.
for bike riding or playing football.
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Ovo nije nešto što je praktično
za vožnju bicikla ili igranje fudbala.
za vožnju bicikla ili igranje fudbala.
12:03
And so we are collaborating
with a company in Sweden called Hövding.
with a company in Sweden called Hövding.
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Zato sarađujemo sa jednom
švedskom kompanijom zvanom Hovding.
švedskom kompanijom zvanom Hovding.
12:07
Some of you may have seen their work,
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Neki od vas su možda videli
njihove proizvode,
njihove proizvode,
12:10
and they're using the same principle
of air to give you some extra space
of air to give you some extra space
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i oni koriste isti princip sa vazduhom
kako bi se dobilo više prostora
kako bi se dobilo više prostora
12:14
to prevent concussion.
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i sprečio potres mozga.
12:17
Kids, don't try this at home please.
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Deco, molim vas,
ne pokušavajte ovo kod kuće.
ne pokušavajte ovo kod kuće.
12:20
This stuntman does not have a helmet.
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Ovaj kaskader nema kacigu.
12:24
He instead has a neck collar,
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On umesto toga nosi ogrlicu
12:26
and this neck collar has sensors in it,
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i ta ogrlica ima u sebi senzore,
12:29
the same type of sensors
that are in our mouthguard,
that are in our mouthguard,
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senzore iste vrste
kao u našem štitniku za zube,
kao u našem štitniku za zube,
12:32
and it detects when he's likely
to have a fall,
to have a fall,
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i ona detektuje
kada će on verovatno pasti,
kada će on verovatno pasti,
12:35
and there's an airbag
that explodes and triggers,
that explodes and triggers,
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i postoji vazdušni jastuk
koji se aktivira,
koji se aktivira,
12:38
the same way that an airbag
works in your car, essentially.
works in your car, essentially.
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praktično na isti način kao što to radi
vazdušni jastuk u vašem autu.
vazdušni jastuk u vašem autu.
U eksperimentima koje smo izveli
u laboratoriji sa njihovom napravom,
u laboratoriji sa njihovom napravom,
12:42
And in the experiments
we've done in my lab with their device,
we've done in my lab with their device,
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12:44
we found that it can greatly reduce
the risk of concussion in some scenarios
the risk of concussion in some scenarios
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otkrili smo da u velikoj meri može
umanjiti rizik od potresa mozga
umanjiti rizik od potresa mozga
u nekim situacijama,
u poređenju sa običnom kacigom.
u poređenju sa običnom kacigom.
12:48
compared to a normal bicycle helmet.
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12:50
So it's a pretty exciting development.
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To je prilično uzbudljivo otkriće.
12:53
But in order for us to actually realize
the benefits of technology
the benefits of technology
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Međutim, da bismo stvarno shvatili
prednosti tehnologije
prednosti tehnologije
12:58
that can prevent concussion,
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koja može da spreči potres mozga,
13:00
it needs to meet regulations.
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ona treba da se uskladi sa propisima.
13:03
That's a reality.
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To je stvarnost.
13:05
And this device is for sale in Europe
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Ovaj uređaj je u prodaji
samo u Evropi, ali nije u SAD-u,
samo u Evropi, ali nije u SAD-u,
13:08
but is not for sale in the US,
and probably won't be any time soon.
and probably won't be any time soon.
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i verovatno neće biti u skorije vreme.
13:11
So I wanted to tell you why.
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Želim da vam kažem i zašto.
13:13
There are some good reasons and then
there are some not so good reasons.
there are some not so good reasons.
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Postoje neki dobri razlozi,
a postoje i neki ne tako dobri.
a postoje i neki ne tako dobri.
13:17
Bike helmets are federally regulated.
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Kacige za bicikle reguliše vlada.
13:19
The Consumer Product Safety Commission
has been given jurisdiction
has been given jurisdiction
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Komisiji za bezbednost proizvoda
je data nadležnost
je data nadležnost
da odobri prodaju
bilo koje kacige za bicikle,
bilo koje kacige za bicikle,
13:23
to approve any bike helmet for sale,
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13:25
and this is the test they use.
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a oni koriste ovaj test.
13:26
This is back to what I was telling you
at the beginning about skull fracture.
at the beginning about skull fracture.
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O ovome sam vam pričao na početku
u vezi sa frakturom lobanje.
u vezi sa frakturom lobanje.
Tome služi ovaj test
i to je važno uraditi.
i to je važno uraditi.
13:30
That's what this test is for.
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13:31
And that's an important thing to do.
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Može vam spasiti život,
ali ja bih rekao da to nije dovoljno.
ali ja bih rekao da to nije dovoljno.
13:33
It can save your life,
but it's not sufficient, I would say.
but it's not sufficient, I would say.
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13:36
So for example, one thing
this test doesn't evaluate
this test doesn't evaluate
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Tako, na primer, jedna stvar
koju ovaj test ne ocenjuje
koju ovaj test ne ocenjuje
13:39
is it doesn't tell you
is that airbag going to trigger
is that airbag going to trigger
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je to što vam ne govori
da li će se vazdušni jastuk aktivirati
da li će se vazdušni jastuk aktivirati
13:41
at the right time and place,
and not trigger when it doesn't need to?
and not trigger when it doesn't need to?
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u pravo vreme i na pravom mestu,
a ne kada ne treba?
a ne kada ne treba?
13:45
Similarly, it's not going to tell you
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Slično, neće vam reći
13:47
is this helmet likely
to prevent concussion or not?
to prevent concussion or not?
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da li će ova kaciga
sprečiti potres mozga ili ne?
sprečiti potres mozga ili ne?
13:51
And if you look at football helmets,
which aren't regulated,
which aren't regulated,
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A ako pogledate kacige za fudbal,
koje ne podležu regulativama,
koje ne podležu regulativama,
13:55
they still have a very similar test.
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i one prolaze sličan test.
U svakom slučaju, njih ne reguliše vlada.
13:57
They're not regulated
by the government, anyway.
by the government, anyway.
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Za njih postoji industrijsko telo,
koje radi kao i većina industrija.
koje radi kao i većina industrija.
13:59
They have an industry body,
which is the way most industries work.
which is the way most industries work.
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No, mogu vam reći,
ovo telo se prilično opire
ovo telo se prilično opire
14:02
But this industry body, I can tell you,
has been quite resistant
has been quite resistant
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unapređivanju standarda.
14:06
to updating their standards.
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U mojoj laboratoriji ne radimo
samo na mehanizmu potresa mozga,
samo na mehanizmu potresa mozga,
14:07
So in my lab, we are working on not only
the mechanism of concussion,
the mechanism of concussion,
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već pokušavamo da razumemo kako možemo
imati bolje standarde za testiranje.
imati bolje standarde za testiranje.
14:10
but we want to understand
how can we have better test standards?
how can we have better test standards?
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14:14
And we hope that the government
can use this type of information
can use this type of information
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Nadamo se da vlada
može da upotrebi ovu informaciju
može da upotrebi ovu informaciju
14:18
to encourage innovation
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kako bi ohrabrila inovacije
14:20
by letting consumers know
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tako što bi obavestila potrošače
14:22
how protected are you with a given helmet.
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koliko su zaštićeni određenom kacigom.
Želim da se konačno vratim na pitanje
koje sam prvobitno postavio,
koje sam prvobitno postavio,
14:25
And I want to bring this back finally
to the original question I asked,
to the original question I asked,
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a to je - da li bih smeo
da pustim svoje dete da igra fudbal
da pustim svoje dete da igra fudbal
14:29
which is, would I feel comfortable
letting my child play football
letting my child play football
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14:32
or ride a bicycle?
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ili vozi bicikl?
14:34
And this might be just a result
of my own traumatic experience.
of my own traumatic experience.
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A to može biti samo rezultat
mog traumatičnog iskustva.
mog traumatičnog iskustva.
14:37
I'm much more nervous
about my daughter, Rose, riding a bicycle.
about my daughter, Rose, riding a bicycle.
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Mnogo sam nervozniji
kada moja ćerka, Rouz, vozi bicikl.
kada moja ćerka, Rouz, vozi bicikl.
14:42
So she's a year and a half old,
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Ona sada ima godinu i po,
14:44
and she's already, well, wants to anyway,
race down the streets of San Francisco.
race down the streets of San Francisco.
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i već, pa, želi svakako,
da se sjuri niz ulice San Franciska.
da se sjuri niz ulice San Franciska.
14:50
This is the bottom
of one of these streets.
of one of these streets.
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Ovo je podnožje jedne od tih ulica.
14:52
And so my personal goal
is to -- and I believe this is possible --
is to -- and I believe this is possible --
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Tako je moj lični cilj -
i verujem da je ostvariv -
i verujem da je ostvariv -
14:57
is to further develop these technologies,
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da dalje unapredimo ove tehnologije,
14:59
and in fact, we're working
on something in my lab in particular
on something in my lab in particular
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i zapravo, u mojoj laboratoriji
posebno radimo na nečemu
posebno radimo na nečemu
15:02
that really makes optimal use
of the given space of a helmet.
of the given space of a helmet.
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što može omogućiti optimalnu primenu
u datom prostoru kacige.
u datom prostoru kacige.
15:05
And I am confident
that we will be able to,
that we will be able to,
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Siguran sam da ćemo moći,
15:08
before she's ready to ride a two-wheeler,
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pre nego što ona pređe na dvocikle,
15:11
have something available
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da imamo nešto dostupno
15:12
that can in fact really reduce
the risk of concussion
the risk of concussion
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što će zaista umanjiti
rizik nastanka potresa mozga
rizik nastanka potresa mozga
15:16
and comply with regulatory bodies.
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i biti u skladu sa regulativama.
15:19
And so what I'd like to do --
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Ono što bih voleo da uradim -
15:21
and I know that this is for some of you
of more immediate nature,
of more immediate nature,
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a znam da je to za neke od vas
od neposrednog značaja,
od neposrednog značaja,
15:24
I've got a couple years here --
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ja imam par godina ovde -
15:26
is to be able to tell parents
and grandparents when I'm asked,
and grandparents when I'm asked,
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je da mogu da kažem roditeljima
i bakama i dekama kada me pitaju
i bakama i dekama kada me pitaju
15:30
it is safe and healthy for your children
to engage in these activities.
to engage in these activities.
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da je bezbedno i zdravo da vaša deca
učestvuju u ovakvim aktivnostima.
učestvuju u ovakvim aktivnostima.
15:34
And I'm very fortunate
to have a wonderful team at Stanford
to have a wonderful team at Stanford
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Srećan sam jer imam divan tim na Stenfordu
15:37
that's working hard on this.
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koji naporno radi na ovome.
15:39
So I hope to come back in a few years
with the final story,
with the final story,
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Nadam se da ću se vratiti
za nekoliko godina sa konačnim odgovorom,
za nekoliko godina sa konačnim odgovorom,
15:43
but for now I will tell you,
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ali za sada ću vam reći,
15:45
please don't just be afraid
when you hear the word concussion.
when you hear the word concussion.
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molim vas, nemojte se plašiti
kada čujete reč potres mozga.
kada čujete reč potres mozga.
15:48
There is hope.
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Postoji nada.
15:49
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
15:51
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
David Camarillo - BioengineerDavid Camarillo's research focuses on understanding and preventing traumatic brain injury.
Why you should listen
Dr. David Camarillo, Ph.D., is Assistant Professor of Bioengineering and (by courtesy) Mechanical Engineering at Stanford University. He holds a B.S.E in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering from Princeton University (2001), a Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from Stanford University (2008) and completed his postdoctoral research fellowship in Biophysics at the University of California, San Francisco in 2011.
Camarillo worked in the surgical robotics industry at Intuitive Surgical and Hansen Medical, before launching his laboratory at Stanford in 2012. His current research focuses on designing force measurement devices for multiple clinical and scientific applications including embryo development, brain trauma and cardiac therapy.
Camarillo was recently awarded the Hellman Fellowship for his work in robot-assisted reproduction as well as the Office of Naval Research Young Investigator Program award for his research in brain biomechanics.
David Camarillo | Speaker | TED.com