TED2009
Diane Benscoter: How cults rewire the brain
Bivši sledbenik Munija Dijana Benskoter (Diane Benscoter): Kako kultovi razmišljaju
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Dijana Benskoter nam priča o tome kako se pridružila sledbenicima Munija i kako je u toj grupi provela pet dugih godina. Deli sa nama pogled ljudi iz grupe na kultove i pokrete ekstremista i predlaže novi pristup jednom od najproblematičnijih konflikata današnjice.
Diane Benscoter - Deprogrammer
Diane Benscoter, an ex-Moonie, is now invested in finding ways to battle extremist mentalities and their potentially deadly consequences. Full bio
Diane Benscoter, an ex-Moonie, is now invested in finding ways to battle extremist mentalities and their potentially deadly consequences. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:18
My journey to coming here today
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Moje putešestvije do ovog predavanja
00:22
started in 1974.
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je započelo 1974.
00:24
That's me with the funny gloves.
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To sam ja sa smešnim rukavicama.
00:27
I was 17 and going on a peace walk.
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Imala sam 17 godina i išla sam u šetnju mira.
00:30
What I didn't know though, was most of those people, standing there
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Ono što doduše nisam znala je to da je većina ljudi koje vidite na slici
00:33
with me, were Moonies.
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bila sledbenik Munijeve sekte.
00:35
(Laughter)
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(smeh)
00:39
And within a week
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Za samo nedelju dana
00:41
I had come to believe
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poverovala sam
00:43
that the second coming of Christ had occurred,
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da je došlo do drugog dolaska Hrista na Zemlju,
00:46
that it was Sun Myung Moon,
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u vidu lika Sana Mjung Muna,
00:48
and that I had been specially chosen and prepared by God
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i da me je Bog odabrao i pripremio
00:52
to be his disciple.
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da budem njegov sledbenik.
00:54
Now as cool as that sounds,
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Koliko god to dobro zvučalo,
00:56
my family was not that thrilled with this.
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moja porodica nije bila oduševljena time.
00:58
(Laughter)
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(smeh)
01:00
And they tried everything they could to get me out of there.
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Sve su pokušali kako bi me izvukli odatle,
01:02
There was an underground railroad of sorts
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Postojala je podzemna mreža ljudi
01:04
that was going on during those years. Maybe some of you remember it.
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u tom periodu. Možda se neko od vas toga seća.
01:07
They were called deprogrammers.
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Zvali smo ih reprogrameri.
01:10
And after about five long years
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Nakon pet dugih godina
01:16
my family had me deprogrammed.
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moja porodica me je dekodirala.
01:18
And I then became a deprogrammer.
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Nakon toga, i sama sam postala re-programer.
01:23
I started going out on cases.
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Počela sam aktivno da radim sa ljudima.
01:25
And after about five years of doing this,
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Bila sam uhapšena zbog otmice
01:29
I was arrested for kidnapping.
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nakon pet godina rada.
01:33
Most of the cases I went out on
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Mnogi slučajevi na kojima sam radila
01:35
were called involuntary.
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nisu bili dobrovoljni.
01:37
What happened was that the family
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Stvar je u tome što su porodice bile prinuđene
01:39
had to get their loved ones some safe place somehow.
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da svoje voljene smeste nekako na sigurno mesto.
01:42
And so they took them to some safe place.
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Oni su ih odvodili na to sigurno mesto, a mi bismo
01:46
And we would come in and talk to them, usually for about a week.
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odlazili tamo i pričali sa njima, obično oko nedelju dana.
01:49
And so after this happened,
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Kada se to desilo, shvatila sam
01:53
I decided it was a good time to turn my back on this work.
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da je bilo pravo vreme da prestanem time da se bavim.
01:57
And about 20 years went by.
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Prošlo je od tad oko 20 godina.
02:02
There was a burning question though that would not leave me.
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Jedno pitanje me je sve vreme proganjalo.
02:05
And that was, "How did this happen to me?"
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Pitanje: "Kako se to meni desilo?"
02:08
And in fact, what did happen to my brain?
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I šta se ustvari desilo sa mojim mozgom?
02:11
Because something did.
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Jer nešto se desilo.
02:14
And so I decided to write a book, a memoir,
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Tada sam odlučila da napišem knjigu, memoar
02:16
about this decade of my life.
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o toj deceniji mog života.
02:19
And toward the end of writing that book
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Kada sam bila pri kraju pisanja
02:21
there was a documentary that came out.
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izašao je dokumentarni film.
02:23
It was on Jonestown.
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Film o Džonstaunu.
02:25
And it had a chilling effect on me.
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Film me je zastrašio.
02:30
These are the dead in Jonestown.
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Ovo su žrtve, mrtvi u Džonstounu.
02:33
About 900 people died that day,
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Tog dana je umrlo oko 900 ljudi,
02:35
most of them taking their own lives.
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a većina je počinila samoubistvo.
02:38
Women gave poison to their babies,
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Žene su otrovale svoje bebe,
02:42
and watched foam come from their mouths as they died.
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i posmatrale su penu kako izlazi iz njihovih usta dok su umirale.
02:47
The top picture is a group of Moonies
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Na gornjoj slici vidite grupu Munijevih sledbenika
02:50
that have been blessed by their messiah.
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koje je njihov mesija blagoslovio.
02:53
Their mates were chosen for them.
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Njima su birani partneri.
02:56
The bottom picture is Hitler youth.
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Donja slika je slika Hitlerove omladine.
03:00
This is the leg of a suicide bomber.
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Ovo je noga bombaša-samoubice.
03:04
The thing I had to admit to myself,
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Ono što mi je bilo jako teško
03:06
with great repulsion,
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da priznam
03:09
was that I get it.
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je da ja to razumem.
03:11
I understand how this could happen.
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Shvatam kako je to moglo da se desi.
03:14
I understand how someone's brain,
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Razumem kako nečiji mozak,
03:17
how someone's mind can come to the place
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kako nečiji um prihvata,
03:20
where it makes sense --
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i nalazi smisao u tome
03:22
in fact it would be wrong, when your brain is working like that --
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čak bi bilo i pogrešno, kada vam mozak na taj način radi,
03:25
not to try to save the world through genocide.
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da ne pokušate da spasite svet putem genocida.
03:31
And so what is this? How does this work?
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Pa, šta je to? Kako to radi?
03:34
And how I've come to view what happened to me
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Konačno sam shvatila da je ono što mi se desilo
03:38
is a viral, memetic infection.
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virusna, memetička infekcija.
03:41
For those of you who aren't familiar with memetics,
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Za one kojima ideja o memima nije poznata,
03:43
a meme has been defined as
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mem je određen kao
03:45
an idea that replicates in the human brain
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ideja koja se umnožava u ljudskom mozgu
03:47
and moves from brain to brain like a virus,
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i prenosi se od mozga do mozga kao virus,
03:52
much like a virus. The way a virus works is --
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veoma slično virusima. Način na koji virus funkcioniše
03:55
it can infect and do the most damage to someone
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je takav da može da zarazi i nanese veliku štetu onima
04:00
who has a compromised immune system.
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koji pate od oslabljenog imunog sistema.
04:04
In 1974, I was young, I was naive,
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1974. ja sam bila mlada, bila sam naivna,
04:08
and I was pretty lost in my world.
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i poprilično izgubljena u svom svetu.
04:10
I was really idealistic.
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Bila sam pravi idealista.
04:13
These easy ideas to complex questions are very appealing
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Ove jednostavne ideje koje nude odgovor na složena pitanja
04:17
when you are emotionally vulnerable.
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su veoma privlačne nekome ko je emotivno ranjiv.
04:20
What happens is that
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Tada prosto ta cirkulatorna logika
04:23
circular logic takes over.
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preuzme kormilo.
04:25
"Moon is one with God.
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Mun i Bog su jedno.
04:27
God is going to fix all the problems in the world.
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Bog će rešiti sve probleme u svetu.
04:31
All I have to do is humbly follow.
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Ja samo treba ponizno da pratim.
04:33
Because God is going to stop war and hunger --
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Jer Bog će rešiti problem ratova i gladi,
04:35
all these things I wanted to do --
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sve te stvari koje sam ja želela da uradim,
04:37
all I have to do is humbly follow.
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samo je trebalo da ponizno pratim.
04:39
Because after all, God is [working through] the messiah. He's going to fix all this."
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Naposletku, Bog obavlja svoja dela kroz mesiju. On će sve srediti.
04:42
It becomes impenetrable.
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Postane neprobojan.
04:45
And the most dangerous part of this
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Najopasnija stvar u tome je da
04:48
is that is creates "us" and "them,"
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stvara pojmove "mi" i "oni".
04:51
"right" and "wrong,"
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"ispravno" i "pogrešno",
04:53
"good" and "evil."
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"dobro" i "zlo".
04:57
And it makes anything possible,
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Sve se čini mogućim,
05:01
makes anything rationalizable.
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sve možete racionalizovati.
05:08
And the thing is, though,
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Mada da ste analizirali moj mozak
05:10
if you looked at my brain
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u tim godima
05:12
during those years in the Moonies --
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kada sam bila sledbenik Munija,
05:14
neuroscience is expanding exponentially,
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neuronauka se razvija eksponencijalnom stopom,
05:17
as Ray Kurzweil said yesterday. Science is expanding.
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kao što je Rej Kurcvejl rekao juče. Nauka se širi.
05:19
We're beginning to look inside the brain.
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Počinjemo da sagledavamo mozak iznutra.
05:22
And so if you looked at my brain, or any brain that's infected with
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Da ste analizirali moj mozak, ili bili čiji mozak
05:24
a viral memetic infection like this,
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koji je zaražen viralnim memima kao što je ova,
05:27
and compared it to anyone in this room,
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i ukoliko biste to uporedili sa bilo kim u ovoj sali,
05:29
or anyone who uses critical thinking on a regular basis,
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ili bilo kim ko kritički rasuđuje na dnevnoj osnovi,
05:31
I am convinced it would look very, very different.
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sigurna sam da bi slike bile veoma, veoma različite.
05:36
And that, strange as it may sound,
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I meni to, koliko god čudno zvučalo,
05:39
gives me hope.
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pruža nadu.
05:41
And the reason that gives me hope
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Pruža mi nadu iz razloga
05:43
is that the first thing is to admit
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što je prvi korak da priznamo
05:46
that we have a problem.
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da imamo problem.
05:49
But it's a human problem. It's a scientific problem, if you will.
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To je problem ljudi. Možemo reći da je i naučni problem.
05:52
It happens in the human brain. There is no evil force out there to get us.
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Dešava se u ljudskom mozgu.Ne postoji zla sila tamo negde koja nas vreba.
05:56
And so this is something that, through research and education,
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Verujem da ovaj problem uz pomoć istraživanja
06:00
I believe that we can solve.
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i obrazovanja možemo rešiti.
06:03
And so the first step is to realize
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Kao prvo treba da shvatimo
06:11
that we can do this together,
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da ovo možemo da uradimo zajedno,
06:13
and that there is no "us" and "them."
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da ne postoji "mi" i "oni".
06:16
Thank you very much. (Applause)
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Mnogo vam hvala. (aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Diane Benscoter - DeprogrammerDiane Benscoter, an ex-Moonie, is now invested in finding ways to battle extremist mentalities and their potentially deadly consequences.
Why you should listen
At 17, Diane Benscoter joined The Unification Church -- the religious cult whose members are commonly known as “Moonies.” After five long years, her distressed family arranged to have her deprogrammed. Benscoter then left The Unification Church, and was so affected by her experience that she became a deprogrammer herself. She devoted her time to extracting others from cults, until she was arrested for kidnapping. The shock of her arrest caused her to abandon her efforts for almost 20 years.
Now, after decades of research and study, Diane has begun to speak about her experiences. She recently completed a memoir describing her years as a member of The Unification Church and as a deprogrammer.
Furthermore, she has embarked on a new project to define “extremist viral memetic infections”. She believes that defining extremism as a memetic infection, from a cognitive neurological perspective, might allow us to develop better memes that would inoculate against the memes of extremist thought. These inoculating memes could prevent the spread of extremist viral memetic infections and their inherent dangers.
Diane Benscoter | Speaker | TED.com