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Sydney Chaffee: How teachers can help kids find their political voices
西德尼·查菲: 教师如何帮助孩子们找到他们的政治声音
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教育学家西德尼·查菲说，社会公正属于我们的学校。在一次大胆的演讲中，她展示了让学生参与到社会行动中，可以帮助他们建立重要的学术和生活技能——她还让我们重新思考如何利用教育来帮助孩子找到他们的声音。她表示“教学永远是一种政治行为。我们不能害怕学生的力量。他们的力量将帮助他们使明天更美好。”
Sydney Chaffee - Educator
Sydney Chaffee believes that teachers and students can change the world together. Full bio
Sydney Chaffee believes that teachers and students can change the world together. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
To me, social justice is a simple concept.
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于我而言，社会正义是个简单的概念。
00:16
It's the notion
that all people in a society
that all people in a society
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是指社会中的所有人
00:19
deserve fair and equitable rights,
opportunities and access to resources.
opportunities and access to resources.
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享有公平且同等的
权利、机会以及资源。
权利、机会以及资源。
但这一概念开始引起越来越多的争议，
变得越来越模糊
变得越来越模糊
00:25
But it's become
controversial and nebulous,
controversial and nebulous,
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00:28
because we've stopped talking
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因为我们不再去探讨
00:29
about what working
for social justice actually looks like.
for social justice actually looks like.
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真正为社会正义而奋斗是什么样的。
为社会正义而奋斗可以是这样的……
00:34
Working for social justice
can look like this ...
can look like this ...
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00:37
or this.
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或是这样的。
00:39
It can look like this ...
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它可以是这样……
00:41
or it can look like this ...
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抑或是这样……
00:43
or my favorite ...
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或我最喜欢的……
00:45
it can look like that.
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它可以是这样。
00:47
Those are my students,
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那些是我的学生，
00:48
and whenever I'm asked to articulate
my work or my priorities as a teacher,
my work or my priorities as a teacher,
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每当我被问起身为教师的工作是什么
或是我当老师的首要任务是什么时，
或是我当老师的首要任务是什么时，
00:53
I explain that I believe education
can be a tool for social justice.
can be a tool for social justice.
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我会说我相信教育可以作为
推动社会正义的工具。
推动社会正义的工具。
00:59
But a few months ago, I logged
onto Twitter -- as I do --
onto Twitter -- as I do --
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但几个月前，
我同往常一样登录了推特，
我同往常一样登录了推特，
01:02
and I saw that a fellow teacher
had taken issue with that belief.
had taken issue with that belief.
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我看到一位老师
对我的这一说法提出了异议。
对我的这一说法提出了异议。
01:07
"Teachers," he said,
"should not be social justice warriors,
"should not be social justice warriors,
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他说，“老师，
不应该成为社会正义战士，
不应该成为社会正义战士，
01:11
because the purpose
of education is to educate."
of education is to educate."
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因为教育的目的只是教育。”
01:15
And he ended his argument by saying,
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最后，他说：
01:17
"I teach my subject."
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“我只教我的学科。”
01:20
But I reject that simplification,
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但是我不同意这种简化，
01:23
because teachers
don't just teach subjects,
don't just teach subjects,
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因为教师不仅仅要教书，
01:26
we teach people.
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我们还要育人。
01:28
When our students
walk into our classrooms,
walk into our classrooms,
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当我们的学生走进教室时，
01:32
they bring their identities with them.
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他们携着他们的身份特征而来。
01:34
Everything they experience in our rooms
is bound up in historical context,
is bound up in historical context,
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他们在教室里经历的种种
都和历史背景密切相关，
都和历史背景密切相关，
01:39
and so if we insist that education
happens in a vacuum,
happens in a vacuum,
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所以，
如果我们提供的教育脱离实际，
如果我们提供的教育脱离实际，
01:42
we do our students a disservice.
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我们便没有对学生尽责。
01:45
We teach them that education
doesn't really matter,
doesn't really matter,
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我们是在告诉他们
教育没那么重要，
教育没那么重要，
01:48
because it's not relevant
to what's happening all around them.
to what's happening all around them.
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因为教育与他们周围发生的事情无关。
01:52
And what's happening all around them?
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那么他们周围都发生了什么呢？
01:55
Well, racism for one.
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嗯，种族主义就是其中之一。
01:57
According to results
of the Implicit Association Test,
of the Implicit Association Test,
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根据内隐联想测验的结果，
02:00
fully 88 percent of white people harbored
subconscious biases against black people,
subconscious biases against black people,
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多达88%的白人在潜意识中
对黑人存有偏见，
对黑人存有偏见，
02:06
believing them to be less intelligent,
lazier and more dangerous than whites.
lazier and more dangerous than whites.
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他们认为黑人没有白人聪明，
黑人更加懒惰，而且更加危险。
黑人更加懒惰，而且更加危险。
02:12
And that's just one concrete example
of the insidious effects
of the insidious effects
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这仅仅是历史性和系统性的种族主义
02:16
of historic and systemic racism
on our country.
on our country.
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对我们国家危害影响
的真切例子之一。
的真切例子之一。
02:19
For more evidence,
we could look at incarceration rates;
we could look at incarceration rates;
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还有很多例子，
我们可以看看监禁率；
我们可以看看监禁率；
02:23
we could look at statistics on police
violence against black people;
violence against black people;
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我们可以看看警方针对黑人的暴力；
02:26
we could look at the opportunity
gap in education --
gap in education --
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我们可以看看教育机会的差距——
02:29
so yeah, social justice
belongs in our schools.
belongs in our schools.
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所以说，学校有责任推动社会正义。
02:34
Social justice should be a part
of the mission of every school
of the mission of every school
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社会正义应当成为美国每个学校
02:37
and every teacher in America,
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以及每位老师的使命之一，
02:40
if we want "liberty and justice for all"
to be more than a slogan ...
to be more than a slogan ...
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若我们真想让“人人享有自由
和正义”不再是一句空口号的话……
和正义”不再是一句空口号的话……
02:45
because schools are crucial places
for children to become active citizens
for children to become active citizens
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因为学校是孩子成为积极公民、
02:50
and to learn the skills and the tools
that they need to change the world.
that they need to change the world.
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学到改变世界的技能的主要场所。
02:54
So what are those skills?
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那么包含哪些技能呢？
02:56
OK, here's a secret:
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嗯，这是个秘密：
02:58
many of the skills that people need
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许多用来改变世界
02:59
to orchestrate the kinds of change
that will lead to justice
that will lead to justice
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推动正义的技能
03:03
are already built
into the work of schools.
into the work of schools.
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已经包含在学校的工作之中。
03:05
Things like problem-solving,
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譬如解决问题的能力，
03:07
critical thinking,
collaboration, perseverance --
collaboration, perseverance --
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批判性思维，合作能力，
坚韧的精神——
坚韧的精神——
03:10
none of that should be
revolutionary on its own.
revolutionary on its own.
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每一种技能本身并不那么特别。
03:13
Combine that with the ability
to understand history
to understand history
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将这些技能与
理解历史的能力相结合，
理解历史的能力相结合，
03:16
not as one static and objective narrative
on which we all agree,
on which we all agree,
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不把历史看成是
公认的静态的客观陈述，
公认的静态的客观陈述，
03:21
but as a series of intertwined events
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而是看成一系列相互交织的事件，
03:24
about which there can be
countless interpretations.
countless interpretations.
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存在着多种解读。
03:27
If we deliberately choose
to explore history with our students
to explore history with our students
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如果我们有意和学生一同
探索历史，
探索历史，
03:30
rather than just teach it,
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而不只是教授历史，
03:32
we help them understand
that history is ongoing
that history is ongoing
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那么我们就可以帮助他们理解
历史是不断前行的，
历史是不断前行的，
03:35
and that it's connected
to current movements for justice.
to current movements for justice.
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而且与当今追求正义的运动
有所联系。
有所联系。
03:38
And we help them see themselves
as potential players
as potential players
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我们就帮助他们认识到
他们也是当前历史中
他们也是当前历史中
03:41
within a living history.
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潜在的参与者。
03:44
So those are the skills I'm talking about
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这些就是我在
03:46
when I say that education can be a place
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谈论学校可以成为帮助孩子们
03:48
to help kids learn
how to work for justice.
how to work for justice.
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学习如何为正义而战的地方时，
所需要的技能。
所需要的技能。
但我在推特上的同行
不认同这一观点
不认同这一观点
03:52
But maybe the reason
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03:53
that my Twitter critic
wasn't happy with that idea
wasn't happy with that idea
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可能是因为
03:57
is because he doesn't agree
with my definition of justice.
with my definition of justice.
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他不同意我对正义的定义。
04:00
Fair enough.
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好吧。
04:01
Maybe he and I don't see
eye to eye, politically.
eye to eye, politically.
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也许他和我对政治持有不同的看法。
04:04
But here's the thing:
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但是事情是这样的：
04:06
our aim is to encourage students
to articulate their own opinions,
to articulate their own opinions,
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我们的目的是鼓励学生
表达他们自己的观点，
表达他们自己的观点，
04:11
not to coerce them into agreeing with us,
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而不是强迫他们赞同我们，
04:13
so it actually doesn't matter
if he and I agree.
if he and I agree.
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所以我和他是否彼此认同
其实并不重要。
其实并不重要。
04:17
What matters is that we're helping
students have those conversations
students have those conversations
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重要的是我们在推动学生彼此间
04:20
with each other.
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进行关于社会正义的对话。
04:22
And that means that as adults,
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这意味着作为成年人，
04:23
we need to learn how to become
effective facilitators
effective facilitators
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我们需要学习如何有效培养
04:26
of our students' activism.
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学生的社会积极性。
04:28
We've got to help them learn
how to have really tricky conversations,
how to have really tricky conversations,
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我们要引领他们学习如何
进行真正棘手的对话，
进行真正棘手的对话，
04:32
we have to expose them
to different opinions,
to different opinions,
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我们要让他们接触不同的观点，
04:35
and we have to help them see
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我们还要让他们了解
04:37
how what they're learning in school
connects to the world outside.
connects to the world outside.
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他们在学校中所学是如何与
外面的世界相联系的。
外面的世界相联系的。
04:41
So here's an example of that.
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举一个例子。
04:42
Every year, my students study
the history of apartheid in South Africa
the history of apartheid in South Africa
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每年，我的学生都会将南非的
种族隔离历史
种族隔离历史
04:46
as a case study of injustice.
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作为非正义的案例进行学习。
04:48
Now for those of you who don't know,
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现在你们中有些人可能不知道，
04:50
apartheid was a brutally racist system,
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种族隔离是非常残酷
的种族主义体系，
的种族主义体系，
04:52
and the white-ruled government
in South Africa imposed racist laws
in South Africa imposed racist laws
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南非的白人政府颁布种族主义法律，
04:56
to oppress people of color,
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来镇压有色人种，
04:57
and if you resisted those laws,
you risked jail time, violence or death.
you risked jail time, violence or death.
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如果你敢违抗法律的话，等待你的
是监禁、暴力或是死亡。
是监禁、暴力或是死亡。
05:02
And around the world,
other countries' governments,
other countries' governments,
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放眼全球，
其他国家的政府，
其他国家的政府，
05:06
including ours in the United States,
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包括我们的美国政府，
05:08
hesitated to sanction
South Africa, because ...
South Africa, because ...
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不愿意制裁南非，因为……
05:11
well ...
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因为……
05:12
we benefited from its resources.
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南非的资源使我们受益。
05:15
So in 1976, the South African
government passed a new law
government passed a new law
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1976年，
南非政府颁布了一项新的法律，
南非政府颁布了一项新的法律，
05:19
which required that all students
in South Africa
in South Africa
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要求南非所有学生
05:22
learn in the language Afrikaans,
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都要用南非荷兰语进行学习，
05:24
which was a white language,
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这是一种白人的语言，
05:25
and many black South Africans
referred to that language
referred to that language
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许多南非黑人将其看作是
05:28
as the language of the oppressor.
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压迫者的语言。
05:30
So not surprisingly,
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无疑，
05:31
students of color
were outraged at this law.
were outraged at this law.
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这项法律激怒了有色学生。
05:34
They already attended segregated schools
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他们已经在隔离的学校上学了，
05:37
with overcrowded classrooms,
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那里教室拥挤，
05:39
a lack of resources
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资源匮乏，
05:40
and a frankly racist curriculum,
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课程设置充满了种族主义色彩，
05:42
and now they were being told to learn
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而现在他们被告知
05:44
in a language neither they
nor their teachers spoke.
nor their teachers spoke.
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要以一种他们不说
老师也不说的语言来进行学习。
老师也不说的语言来进行学习。
05:48
So on the morning of June 16, 1976,
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所以在1976年6月16日早晨，
05:52
thousands of kids
from the township of Soweto
from the township of Soweto
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索韦托小镇上上千名孩子
05:55
walked out of schools.
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走出学校。
05:56
And they marched peacefully
through the streets to protest the law.
through the streets to protest the law.
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他们在马路上和平前进着，
抗议这一法律。
抗议这一法律。
06:01
At an intersection,
they met up with the police,
they met up with the police,
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在十字路口，他们遇到了警察，
06:04
and when the kids refused to turn back,
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当孩子们拒绝撤退时，
06:06
the police officers set dogs on them ...
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警方向他们放出了警犬……
06:09
and then they opened fire ...
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然后开火……
06:12
and the Soweto uprising ended in tragedy.
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索韦托起义以悲剧收场。
06:16
Apartheid itself didn't end
until almost 20 years later,
until almost 20 years later,
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种族隔离直到20年后才结束，
06:21
but the activism of those kids
in Soweto profoundly changed
in Soweto profoundly changed
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但是索韦托孩子们的
激进运动极大地改变了
激进运动极大地改变了
06:25
the way the world viewed
what was happening in South Africa.
what was happening in South Africa.
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世界看待南非所发生之事的态度。
06:29
News outlets all around the world
published this photo
published this photo
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全球新闻机构刊登了这张
06:33
of 13-year-old Hector Pieterson,
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13岁男孩赫克托·彼得森的照片，
06:35
who was one of the first people
killed by police in Soweto,
killed by police in Soweto,
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他是在索韦托
最先被警方杀害的孩子之一，
最先被警方杀害的孩子之一，
06:38
and it became nearly impossible
to ignore the brutality
to ignore the brutality
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此时种族隔离政府的暴行
06:42
of the apartheid regime.
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已经难以被忽视了。
06:43
In the months and the years
that followed the Soweto uprising,
that followed the Soweto uprising,
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在索韦托起义结束的数月数年里，
06:47
more and more countries
exerted political and economic pressure
exerted political and economic pressure
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越来越多的国家向南非政府施以
政治和经济压力，
政治和经济压力，
06:50
on the South African government
to end apartheid,
to end apartheid,
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要求结束种族隔离，
06:53
and it was largely due to the activism
of those kids in Soweto.
of those kids in Soweto.
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而这大部分要归功于
索韦托孩子们的激进运动。
索韦托孩子们的激进运动。
06:59
So every year my kids learn about this.
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每年我的学生都会学习这些内容。
07:02
And invariably, they start
to draw connections
to draw connections
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毫无例外，
他们开始将索韦托的孩子
他们开始将索韦托的孩子
07:05
between those kids
in Soweto and themselves.
in Soweto and themselves.
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和他们自身联系起来。
07:08
And they start to ask themselves
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他们开始问自己
07:10
what kind of political power
and agency they have.
and agency they have.
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他们有什么样的政治能力
和能动性。
和能动性。
07:14
They ask themselves whether
there would ever be a reason
there would ever be a reason
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他们问自己是否存在一个理由
07:17
they would risk their lives
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能让他们愿意牺牲自己的生命，
07:19
so that a future generation
could live in a more just world.
could live in a more just world.
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以使未来某一代
能生活在更加公正的世界中。
能生活在更加公正的世界中。
07:22
And most profoundly for me,
every single year,
every single year,
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让我印象最深刻的是，每一年
07:26
they ask themselves whether adults
will ever listen to their voices.
will ever listen to their voices.
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他们都会问自己
成年人是否会倾听他们的声音。
成年人是否会倾听他们的声音。
07:32
A few years ago,
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1151
几年前，
07:33
my principal got an anonymous email
from one of our students.
from one of our students.
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3333
我的校长收到了
一封来自学生的匿名电邮。
一封来自学生的匿名电邮。
07:37
It informed him that the following day,
146
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1872
电邮里写着：明天
07:39
the students planned
to walk out of school.
to walk out of school.
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2230
学生们打算罢学一天。
07:42
This was in the wake
of Michael Brown's death
of Michael Brown's death
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2196
这是因为迈克尔·布朗
在密苏里州弗格森市
被无故枪杀，
被无故枪杀，
07:44
in Ferguson, Missouri,
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1150
07:45
and the students were planning
to join a walkout and march
to join a walkout and march
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3123
学生们计划就此参加游行，
07:48
in support of the Black Lives
Matter movement.
Matter movement.
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2366
支持“黑人的命也是命”运动。
07:51
So at this point,
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1151
所以这个时候，
07:52
the staff at the school
had a decision to make.
had a decision to make.
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学校的教职工需要做个决定。
07:55
Would we use our authority and our power
to try to control the students
to try to control the students
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4101
我们是应该使用
我们的权威和权力去控制学生
我们的权威和权力去控制学生
07:59
and prevent them from leaving,
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1667
阻止他们罢学呢，
08:01
or would we support them
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2178
还是我们应该支持他们
08:03
as they put into practice
the principles of social justice
the principles of social justice
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3116
把我们从9年级开始就教育他们的
08:06
that we had taught them about
since the ninth-grade year?
since the ninth-grade year?
158
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3118
社会公正的原则付诸实践。
08:10
So the next morning,
the kids left school en masse
the kids left school en masse
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2722
所以第二天上午，
孩子们一起离开学校，
孩子们一起离开学校，
08:13
and they gathered on the lawn.
160
481158
1555
他们聚集在草坪上。
08:14
And one of the seniors
jumped up on a picnic table
jumped up on a picnic table
161
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2604
其中一个高年级同学
跳上野餐桌，
跳上野餐桌，
08:17
and went over safety expectations.
162
485365
1944
超出了学校的安全规范。
08:19
(Laughter)
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1008
（笑声）
08:20
And the younger kids
took it very seriously.
took it very seriously.
164
488365
2247
年轻的孩子们
非常认真地对待这件事。
非常认真地对待这件事。
08:22
And as teachers and as staff we told them,
165
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2530
作为老师和教工我们告诉他们，
08:25
"OK, be safe,"
166
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1292
“好吧，注意安全。”
08:26
and we watched as they marched off.
167
494506
1933
我们看护着他们游行。
08:28
The kids who chose to stay
spent that afternoon in class.
spent that afternoon in class.
168
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3580
选择留在学校的孩子
在教室里度过那个下午。
在教室里度过那个下午。
08:32
They debated the merits of protest,
169
500412
2181
他们辩论抗议的意义，
08:34
they talked about the history
of the Black Lives Matter movement,
of the Black Lives Matter movement,
170
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3100
他们谈论“黑人的命也是命”
运动的历史，
运动的历史，
08:37
and they went on
with classes as scheduled.
with classes as scheduled.
171
505741
2009
他们按计划上课。
08:39
And those who chose to leave
participated in a citywide student walkout
participated in a citywide student walkout
172
507774
4297
那些选择离开的学生
参加了全市范围的学生罢课，
参加了全市范围的学生罢课，
08:44
and raised their collective
voice for justice.
voice for justice.
173
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2637
提高了他们对正义的呼声。
08:47
But no matter where they chose
to spend the afternoon,
to spend the afternoon,
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515810
3002
但不管选择在哪里度过那个下午，
08:50
our kids learned
valuable lessons that day.
valuable lessons that day.
175
518836
2620
我们的孩子们在那天
学到了非常有价值的一课。
学到了非常有价值的一课。
08:54
They learned that the adults
in their lives would support them
in their lives would support them
176
522521
2933
他们了解到生活中的大人们
会支持他们，
会支持他们，
08:57
even as we worried for their safety.
177
525478
2289
尽管他们担心他们的安全。
09:00
And they learned that they didn't need us
to tell them how or when
to tell them how or when
178
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3195
他们意识到他们不需要
我们告诉他们如何、何时
我们告诉他们如何、何时
09:03
or even why to protest.
179
531614
1738
或者甚至为什么抗议。
09:05
They learned that they were members
of a community of young people
of a community of young people
180
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3096
他们了解到他们是年轻团体的一员，
09:09
with a shared vision
of a more equitable society,
of a more equitable society,
181
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3048
拥有追求更平等社会的共同愿景，
09:12
and they learned that they had power
within that society.
within that society.
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540103
2810
他们了解到他们在社会中拥有力量。
09:15
They learned that events
like the Soweto uprising
like the Soweto uprising
183
543893
2318
他们了解到像索韦托起义这样的事件
09:18
are not ancient history,
184
546235
2219
不是古老的历史，
09:20
and they don't have to end in tragedy.
185
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2268
并且他们不必以悲剧收场。
09:23
And that's what education as a tool
for social justice can look like.
for social justice can look like.
186
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4271
这就是教育作为推动
社会公正的工具的样子。
社会公正的工具的样子。
09:29
And here's the thing:
187
557349
1151
事实在于：
09:30
our kids are ready for this kind of work.
188
558524
2053
我们的孩子们已经
做好这类工作的准备了。
做好这类工作的准备了。
09:32
So in 2015,
189
560601
1171
在2015年，
09:33
incoming college freshmen were surveyed,
190
561796
2247
受调研的大学新生中，
09:36
and 8.5 percent of them said
191
564067
2351
8.5%的人说
09:38
that there was a "very good chance"
they would participate in a protest
they would participate in a protest
192
566442
3334
他们非常可能会在大学期间
09:41
sometime during their college career.
193
569800
1891
参加一场抗议活动。
09:43
That might not seem very impressive,
194
571715
2152
这个数字看起来也许并不大，
09:45
but consider the fact
195
573891
1201
但要考虑到这个事实
09:47
that it's the largest number
of students to say that since 1967.
of students to say that since 1967.
196
575116
4160
这是自1967年以来
持同样观点的最高数字。
持同样观点的最高数字。
09:52
And 75 percent of those kids
197
580073
1739
75%的孩子表示
09:53
said that helping other people
who are having difficulty
who are having difficulty
198
581836
2625
帮助处于困境的其他人
09:56
was a "very important"
or "essential" goal for them.
or "essential" goal for them.
199
584485
2431
是他们“非常重要”或“必不可少”的目标。
09:58
Again, the highest number of people
to say that since the late 1960s.
to say that since the late 1960s.
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586940
3514
再次，这是20世纪60年代末以来，
持同样观点学生的最高数字。
持同样观点学生的最高数字。
10:02
And research shows us that working
for justice doesn't just follow
for justice doesn't just follow
201
590984
4963
研究显示为正义而工作不只是
10:07
from building all those skills
I talked about earlier --
I talked about earlier --
202
595971
2628
培养我们早先谈论的这些技能——
10:10
it actually goes the other way, too.
203
598623
1749
它实际上也有其他方式。
10:12
So working for justice,
engaging in activism,
engaging in activism,
204
600396
3086
所以为正义而工作，
积极参与社会正义活动，
积极参与社会正义活动，
10:15
helps students build skills
like leadership and critical thinking,
like leadership and critical thinking,
205
603506
4264
可以帮助学生培养领导力
和批判性思维等
和批判性思维等
10:19
and it correlates positively
with their political participation
with their political participation
206
607794
3107
并且与他们的政治参与
10:22
and their civic engagement
207
610925
1374
和公民参与
10:24
and their commitment
to their communities later in life.
to their communities later in life.
208
612323
2620
以及他们之后对社区的献身
呈正相关。
呈正相关。
10:26
So in other words,
209
614967
1472
所以换句话说，
10:28
students are telling us
that social justice matters to them
that social justice matters to them
210
616463
3869
学生是在告诉我们，
社会公正对他们很重要，
社会公正对他们很重要，
10:32
and researchers are telling us
that it helps students learn.
that it helps students learn.
211
620356
3455
研究告诉我们，
它可以帮助学生们成长。
它可以帮助学生们成长。
10:36
So now it's up to us to listen,
212
624530
2643
所以现在该由我们倾听了，
10:39
and that might not be easy.
213
627197
1836
这可能并不容易。
10:41
In 1976, one of those kids
who participated in the Soweto uprising,
who participated in the Soweto uprising,
214
629984
4416
在1976年，
一个参与索韦托起义的孩子，
一个参与索韦托起义的孩子，
10:46
he said that that event
represented divorce
represented divorce
215
634424
2643
说那件事代表了
10:49
between black children and their families,
216
637091
2026
黑人孩子脱离了他们的家人，
10:51
because their families
had grown up under apartheid,
had grown up under apartheid,
217
639141
2580
因为他们的家人
是在种族隔离制度下长大的，
是在种族隔离制度下长大的，
10:53
and they knew how dangerous
it was to speak out.
it was to speak out.
218
641745
2239
他们知道高声呼吁是多么的危险。
10:56
They wanted their kids
to lay low and stay safe.
to lay low and stay safe.
219
644008
2427
他们想让他们的孩子躲起来，
注意安全。
注意安全。
10:58
And when our kids threatened to walk out,
220
646459
1970
当我们的孩子威胁要走出去时，
11:00
a lot of the adults in our community
were really conflicted, too.
were really conflicted, too.
221
648453
3461
我们群体中的很多成年人也很矛盾。
11:04
Some of us worried that they might
encounter violence.
encounter violence.
222
652515
2918
有些人担心他们会遭遇暴力。
11:07
Other people worried
that they would walk out
that they would walk out
223
655457
2154
其他人担心他们走出去
11:09
but they wouldn't really know
why they were protesting.
why they were protesting.
224
657635
2572
但却不真正清楚他们为啥抗议。
11:12
And some, including
some students' families,
some students' families,
225
660231
2080
还有一些人，包括一些学生的家人，
11:14
were really angry
that the school hadn't done more
that the school hadn't done more
226
662335
2357
真的非常生气，
因为学校没有采取措施
因为学校没有采取措施
11:16
to prevent them from leaving.
227
664716
1402
去阻止学生离校。
11:18
And all of those fears that adults have
about getting this stuff wrong --
about getting this stuff wrong --
228
666142
4232
成年人担心这个事情会搞砸——
11:22
all of those fears make total sense.
229
670833
2015
所有这些恐惧是完全合理的。
11:25
But despite those fears,
230
673680
2121
但就算他们心存恐惧，
11:27
we have got to prove to our students
that we will listen to their voices
that we will listen to their voices
231
675825
4642
我们还是得向我们的学生证明，
我们会倾听他们的声音，
我们会倾听他们的声音，
11:32
and that they do have the power
to effect change.
to effect change.
232
680491
2931
他们确实有影响改变的力量。
11:36
It's our responsibility
to equip our students
to equip our students
233
684058
3292
这是我们的责任
11:39
with the tools and the skills
that they need
that they need
234
687374
2518
去武装我们的学生以工具和技能
11:41
to insist on a more equitable world --
235
689916
2265
去坚守一个更公平的世界——
11:44
and then sometimes,
to get out of their way,
to get out of their way,
236
692811
2796
然后有时候，不要挡路，
11:47
and let them apply those skills
to things that they care about.
to things that they care about.
237
695631
3450
让他们把这些技能
应用于他们关心的事情中。
应用于他们关心的事情中。
11:52
Living up to that vision
is going to require
is going to require
238
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3120
要实现这一愿景需要我们
11:55
that we are flexible,
239
703974
1562
具有灵活性，
11:57
and it's going to require
that we're creative.
that we're creative.
240
705560
2175
并且需要我们具有创造力。
11:59
It's going to require
that we're brave enough
that we're brave enough
241
707759
2215
它要求我们足够勇敢
12:01
to stand up in the face of people
who try to silence
who try to silence
242
709998
3524
站起来面对那些试图压制
12:05
or delegitimize dissenting voices.
243
713546
2430
或者剥夺异议者声音的人。
12:08
And hardest of all,
244
716304
1247
还有最困难的是，
12:09
it's going to require accepting the fact
that sometimes we will be the ones
that sometimes we will be the ones
245
717575
4365
我们需要接受事实：
12:13
our students will rebel against.
246
721964
1976
有时候，
我们会成为学生反抗的对象。
我们会成为学生反抗的对象。
12:15
(Laughter)
247
723964
1370
（笑声）
12:17
Sometimes they're going to point out ways
in which systems that we have created,
in which systems that we have created,
248
725358
4040
有时候他们会指出我们创建的系统，
12:21
or in which we are complicit,
249
729422
1688
或是我们作为同谋，
12:23
contribute to inequity.
250
731134
1893
在哪些方面造成了不公平。
12:25
It's going to be uncomfortable,
and it's going to be painful
and it's going to be painful
251
733051
2997
当他们促使我们
去反思我们的假设和信念时，
去反思我们的假设和信念时，
12:28
as they push us to question
our own assumptions and beliefs.
our own assumptions and beliefs.
252
736072
3656
这将会让人很不舒服，
也很让人不安。
也很让人不安。
12:32
But what if we change the way we think
about rebellion in our kids?
about rebellion in our kids?
253
740519
4014
但如果我们改变
对孩子们叛逆的看法会怎样呢？
对孩子们叛逆的看法会怎样呢？
12:37
When our kids rebel --
254
745842
1378
当我们的孩子叛逆时——
12:39
when they thoughtfully push back
against our ideas
against our ideas
255
747244
2697
当他们的想法跟我们的观点冲突
12:41
or the way that we do things,
256
749965
1783
或者做事方式相悖时，
12:43
what if we chose to see that as a sign
that we're doing something right
that we're doing something right
257
751772
4345
如果我们选择把这视为
一个我们要做正确的事，
一个我们要做正确的事，
12:48
and that they're becoming liberated?
258
756141
2019
他们正在获得解放的信号呢？
12:51
I know it would be easier
259
759474
1836
我知道这会容易些，
12:53
if their critical thinking skills
manifested in more convenient ways --
manifested in more convenient ways --
260
761334
4122
如果他们的批判性思维技能能够
在更便利的方式中得到体现——
在更便利的方式中得到体现——
12:57
on their essays
or their standardized tests --
or their standardized tests --
261
765480
2953
如在他们的散文中或在标准测验中——
13:00
I get it --
262
768457
1150
我知道这点——
13:01
but convenience and justice
do not often go hand in hand.
do not often go hand in hand.
263
769631
3682
但便利和公正并不总是相伴而行。
13:05
And when our kids learn to think
critically about the world around them,
critically about the world around them,
264
773671
3587
当我们的孩子学会
辩证思考周围的世界，
辩证思考周围的世界，
13:09
they become the kinds of engaged citizens
265
777282
2650
他们会成为积极的公民
13:11
who will recognize and question
injustice when they see it
injustice when they see it
266
779956
3311
识别和质疑他们看到的不公
13:15
and work to do something about it.
267
783291
1786
并努力采取行动。
13:17
Welcoming rebellion into our schools
is going to require some rethinking
is going to require some rethinking
268
785980
4162
在学校中欢迎叛逆
将需要重新思考
将需要重新思考
13:22
about what teaching
and learning look like,
and learning look like,
269
790166
2203
教与学是什么样子，
13:24
because there's this misconception
270
792393
2025
因为存在这样一种误解，
13:26
that if we give students any wiggle room,
they're going to walk all over us
they're going to walk all over us
271
794442
3983
如果我们给学生任何回旋的空间，
他们就会在我们爬到我们头上，
他们就会在我们爬到我们头上，
13:30
and classrooms and dinner tables
will devolve into total chaos.
will devolve into total chaos.
272
798449
4797
教室和餐桌就会陷入一片混乱。
13:35
And if we expect kids to sit silently
and passively receive knowledge from us,
and passively receive knowledge from us,
273
803270
5818
如果我们期待孩子们静静坐着
被动接受我们传授的知识，
被动接受我们传授的知识，
13:41
then their voices will always
feel overwhelming.
feel overwhelming.
274
809112
3203
那么他们的声音总会让人感到刺耳。
13:45
But if we accept instead
that learning is sometimes messy,
that learning is sometimes messy,
275
813488
4919
但如果我们接受
学习有时候很混乱的事实，
学习有时候很混乱的事实，
13:50
that is requires opportunities
to brainstorm and mess up
to brainstorm and mess up
276
818431
3579
它需要不时头脑风暴，
把事情搞砸，
把事情搞砸，
13:54
and try again,
277
822034
1521
再次尝试，
13:55
that our kids dislike chaos
and want to learn
and want to learn
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我们的孩子不喜欢混乱，
13:58
when they come to school,
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想在上学的时候学习，
14:00
then we can set up schools
to facilitate that kind of learning.
to facilitate that kind of learning.
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那么我们就可以建立学校
来促进这种学习。
来促进这种学习。
14:05
So do me a favor and close
your eyes for a second
your eyes for a second
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所以帮我个忙，闭上眼睛一会，
14:07
and imagine schools
where teachers are thought partners,
where teachers are thought partners,
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想象这样一个学校：
教师被视为合作伙伴，
教师被视为合作伙伴，
14:12
letting students grapple
with complex, hard issues
with complex, hard issues
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让学生解决复杂的难题，
14:16
and not necessarily giving them
the right answers.
the right answers.
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而不必给他们正确答案。
14:20
And imagine schools
where we let students make choices --
where we let students make choices --
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想象一个我们会让学生
做选择的学校——
做选择的学校——
14:24
we trust them enough to do that
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我们充分相信他们可以选择
14:26
and we let them experience
the consequences of those choices.
the consequences of those choices.
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并让他们体验这些选择的后果。
14:31
Imagine schools where
we let students be humans,
we let students be humans,
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想象这样一个学校：
我们让学生当人，
我们让学生当人，
14:36
with all of the messiness
and the uncertainty
and the uncertainty
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他们身上的所有这些混乱和不确定
14:39
that is bound to come with that.
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是必然的。
14:42
Whatever you just imagined,
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不管你怎样想象，
14:45
it's not mythical,
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这都不是神话，
14:47
it's not unrealistically idealistic,
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不是不现实的理想主义，
14:51
because teachers all over the country
are already pushing the boundaries
are already pushing the boundaries
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因为全国的教师已经在推倒
14:56
of what teaching
and learning can look like
and learning can look like
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教和学的样子的边界，
14:58
with amazing results for kids.
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给孩子们带来了惊人的结果。
15:00
They're doing that
in all kinds of schools,
in all kinds of schools,
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他们在各种各样的学校中这样做，
15:03
and there are countless models
for teachers who want to get better
for teachers who want to get better
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有无数的模式可以帮助老师更好地
15:06
at helping students learn
in a way that's more authentic
in a way that's more authentic
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帮助学生以一种更真实、
15:09
and engaging and empowering.
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更有吸引力、
更可赋予力量的方式学习。
更可赋予力量的方式学习。
15:13
I was a reading a book recently,
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我最近正在看一本书，
15:15
it's called "The Students Are Watching,"
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书名叫《学生在看着》，
15:17
and it was by Ted and Nancy Sizer,
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由泰德和南希·西泽尔所著，
15:19
and in that book, they said
that the work of education
that the work of education
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在书中，他们指出教育工作
15:21
is often described as a series of nouns,
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常被描述为一系列的名词，
15:24
like "respect," "honesty," "integrity."
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如“尊重”、“诚实”、“正直”。
15:27
And they say those nouns
sound really impressive,
sound really impressive,
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他们说这些词听起来
真令人印象深刻，
真令人印象深刻，
15:30
but often, they fail
to actually mean anything in practice.
to actually mean anything in practice.
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但常常，它们在实践中
没有任何实际意义。
没有任何实际意义。
15:35
But verbs, they say, are "active,
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但他们说，动词是“积极的，
15:37
no less demanding
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要求同样高，
15:39
but requiring constant engagement.
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但需要持续的参与。
15:42
Verbs are not structures
but, rather, engines."
but, rather, engines."
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动词不是结构，而是引擎。”
15:46
And so as I read that, I wondered:
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在读这本书的过程中，我在想：
15:48
How do we make justice into an engine
driving our work as teachers?
driving our work as teachers?
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作为教师，我们如何让公正
成为驱动我们工作的引擎？
成为驱动我们工作的引擎？
15:54
What's the verb form of justice?
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公正的动词形式是什么？
15:58
I think there might be an answer
to be found in the words of Cornel West,
to be found in the words of Cornel West,
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我想这个答案可能可以在
康乃尔·韦斯特的话中找到，
康乃尔·韦斯特的话中找到，
16:02
who famously said that "justice
is what love looks like in public."
is what love looks like in public."
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他那句话知名的话说道：
“正义是公共领域的爱”
“正义是公共领域的爱”
16:07
And all of my nerdy English
teachers in the crowd
teachers in the crowd
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人群中我所有书虫英语老师
16:10
know that love can be a noun and a verb.
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都知道爱可以是名词
也可以是动词。
也可以是动词。
16:14
School has to be bigger.
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学校必须有更大的格局。
16:17
It has to mean more
than "I teach my subject."
than "I teach my subject."
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它的意义需要超过
“我只教我的学科”。
“我只教我的学科”。
16:23
School has to be about teaching people
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学校应该教人们
16:26
to change the world for the better.
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如何把世界变得更好。
16:30
If we believe that,
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如果我们相信这点，
16:31
then teaching will always be
a political act.
a political act.
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那么教学就永远是一种政治行为。
16:36
We can't be afraid of our students' power.
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我们不能害怕学生的力量。
16:40
Their power will help them
make tomorrow better.
make tomorrow better.
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他们的力量将帮助
他们把明天变得更美好。
他们把明天变得更美好。
16:43
But before they can do that,
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但在他们这么做之前，
16:45
we have to give them chances
to practice today.
to practice today.
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我们今天就需要给他们机会实践。
16:49
And that practice
should start in our schools.
should start in our schools.
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这个实践应该在我们学校开始。
16:53
Thank you very much.
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非常感谢。
16:54
(Applause)
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（掌声）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sydney Chaffee - EducatorSydney Chaffee believes that teachers and students can change the world together.
Why you should listen
As the 2017 National Teacher of the Year, Sydney Chaffee traveled the world to advocate for education as a transformative tool to help young people create more just societies. Chaffee teaches ninth grade Humanities at Codman Academy Charter Public School in Boston, MA and is a National Board Certified Teacher.
(Photo: Edwin Yoo)
Sydney Chaffee | Speaker | TED.com