TED2019
Michael Tubbs: The political power of being a good neighbor
迈克尔·塔布斯: 做一个好邻居的政治力量
Filmed:
Readability: 3.9
1,672,693 views
迈克尔·塔布斯(Michael Tubbs)是美国历史上最年轻的市长，他代表着一个人口超过10万人的城市——他的政策引发了全国性的讨论。在这次振奋人心的演讲中，他分享了在加利福尼亚州斯托克顿的贫困和暴力中长大是如何塑造了他对变革的大胆愿景，以及他作为邻居而不是政治家治理国家的承诺。“当我们看到与自己不同的人时，他们不应该引发我们的恐惧、焦虑和不安全感，”他说。“我们应该看到我们共同的人性。
Michael Tubbs - Mayor of the City of Stockton, California
Michael Tubbs is the youngest mayor in the history of the US to represent a city with a population of more than 100,000 residents. Full bio
Michael Tubbs is the youngest mayor in the history of the US to represent a city with a population of more than 100,000 residents. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
So I know for sure there's at least
one thing I have in common with dentists.
one thing I have in common with dentists.
0
708
5060
我确定我跟牙医至少有一个共同点。
00:17
I absolutely hate
the holiday of Halloween.
the holiday of Halloween.
1
5792
4351
我非常讨厌万圣节。
00:22
Now, this hatred stems
not from a dislike of cavities,
not from a dislike of cavities,
2
10167
3642
这种仇视并非来自对蛀牙的厌恶，
00:25
nor was it a lifetime in the making.
3
13833
2351
也非与生俱来。
00:28
Rather, this hatred stems
from a particular incident
from a particular incident
4
16207
3144
相反，这种仇恨始于9年前的
00:31
that happened nine years ago.
5
19375
2059
一个特定事件。
00:33
Nine years ago, I was even younger,
I was 20 years old,
I was 20 years old,
6
21458
3851
9年前，我还很年轻，20岁出头，
00:37
and I was an intern in the White House.
7
25333
2143
我当时在白宫实习。
00:39
The other White House.
8
27500
1268
另一届白宫。
00:40
And my job was to work
with mayors and councilors nationwide.
with mayors and councilors nationwide.
9
28792
3226
我的工作是与全国各地
的市长和议员合作。
的市长和议员合作。
00:44
November 1, 2010
began just like any other day.
began just like any other day.
10
32042
3934
2010年11月1号就如往常一样，
00:48
I turned on the computer, went on Google
and prepared to write my news clips.
and prepared to write my news clips.
11
36000
4726
我打开电脑，打开谷歌
准备写新闻简报。
准备写新闻简报。
00:52
I was met with a call from my mother,
which isn't that out the norm,
which isn't that out the norm,
12
40750
3309
我接到了老妈的电话，这并不常见。
00:56
my mom likes to text, call,
email, Facebook, Instagram, all that.
email, Facebook, Instagram, all that.
13
44083
3334
我妈通常喜欢发短信、
发电邮、上各种社交媒体等。
发电邮、上各种社交媒体等。
01:00
So I answered the phone expecting
to hear maybe some church gossip,
to hear maybe some church gossip,
14
48667
4184
所以我接电话时还以为会
听到关于教堂的八卦，
听到关于教堂的八卦，
01:04
or maybe something from WorldStarHipHop
she had discovered.
she had discovered.
15
52875
3934
或她在“ WorldStarHipHop”网站上
发现的什么东西。
发现的什么东西。
01:08
But when I answered the phone,
16
56833
2226
但当我接起电话时，
01:11
I was met with a tone that was unlike
anything I had ever heard from my mother.
anything I had ever heard from my mother.
17
59083
4518
我老妈的语气跟以往完全不同。
01:15
My mother's loud.
18
63625
1434
我老妈平时是个大嗓门。
01:17
But she spoke in a hush,
still, muffled tone
still, muffled tone
19
65083
4268
但她的声音很轻，
很平静，很低沉，
很平静，很低沉，
01:21
that conveyed a sense of sadness.
20
69375
2476
传达着一种悲伤的感觉。
01:23
And as she whispered, she said, "Michael,
21
71875
2434
她低声说：“迈克尔，
01:26
your cousin Donnell
was murdered last night,
was murdered last night,
22
74333
3226
你堂兄唐纳昨晚被谋杀了，
01:29
on Halloween,
23
77583
1268
在万圣节那天，
01:30
at a house party in Stockton."
24
78875
2351
斯托克顿的一个家庭聚会上。”
01:33
And like far too many people
in this country,
in this country,
25
81250
2434
跟这个国家的很多人一样，
01:35
particularly from communities like mine,
26
83708
1935
尤其是像来自我们社区的人一样，
01:37
particularly that look like me,
27
85667
1684
尤其像我这样的人，
01:39
I spent the better part of the year
dealing with anger, rage, nihilism,
dealing with anger, rage, nihilism,
28
87375
5018
我在接下来一年的大部分时间
都在应对愤怒和迷茫，
都在应对愤怒和迷茫，
01:44
and I had a choice to make.
29
92417
1726
并且我没得选。
01:46
The choice was one
between action and apathy.
between action and apathy.
30
94167
3392
要在行动和冷漠之间做选择，
01:49
The choice was what could I do
to put purpose to this pain.
to put purpose to this pain.
31
97583
3875
我能做什么来减轻这种痛苦的选择。
01:54
I spent a year dealing
with feelings of survivor's guilt.
with feelings of survivor's guilt.
32
102292
3226
我花了一年的时间
来应付幸存者的负罪感。
来应付幸存者的负罪感。
01:57
What was the point of me
being at Stanford,
being at Stanford,
33
105542
2017
我上斯坦福又有什么意义，
01:59
what was the point
of me being at the White House
of me being at the White House
34
107583
2310
在白宫实习又有什么意义，
如果我都无力帮助我的家人？
02:01
if I was powerless to help my own family?
35
109917
2184
02:04
And my own family was dying,
quite literally.
quite literally.
36
112125
3809
我自己的家人在慢慢死去。
02:07
I then began to feel
a little selfish and say,
a little selfish and say,
37
115958
2268
我然后开始有些自私地说，
02:10
what's the point of even trying
to make the world a better place?
to make the world a better place?
38
118250
3059
试图让这个世界变得更美好
又有什么意义呢？
又有什么意义呢？
02:13
Maybe that's just the way it is.
39
121333
1935
也许世界就是如此。
02:15
Maybe I would be smart to take advantage
of all the opportunities given to me
of all the opportunities given to me
40
123292
3767
也许我应该聪明点去抓住
所有面临的机会，
所有面临的机会，
02:19
and make as much money as possible,
41
127083
1685
去尽可能地赚更多钱，
02:20
so I'm comfortable,
and my immediate family is comfortable.
and my immediate family is comfortable.
42
128792
3101
这样我会过得舒服，
我的亲人也会满足。
我的亲人也会满足。
02:23
But finally, towards the end of that year,
43
131917
2101
但后来，到了年底，
02:26
I realized I wanted to do something.
44
134042
2226
我意识到我想做点事情。
02:28
So I made the crazy decision,
as a senior in college,
as a senior in college,
45
136292
3226
作为一名大四学生，
我做了一个疯狂得决定，
我做了一个疯狂得决定，
02:31
to run for city council.
46
139542
2059
去竞选市议会议员。
02:33
That decision was unlikely
for a couple of reasons,
for a couple of reasons,
47
141625
3059
这个决定听起来有点不可能，
并且并非只因为我的年龄，
并且并非只因为我的年龄，
02:36
and not just my age.
48
144708
1560
还有其他几个原因。
02:38
You see, my family
is far from a political dynasty.
is far from a political dynasty.
49
146292
3684
我的家族从来就不是一个政治世家。
02:42
More men in my family
have been incarcerated than in college.
have been incarcerated than in college.
50
150000
4226
我家族中进监狱的人比上大学的多。
02:46
In fact, as I speak today,
my father is still incarcerated.
my father is still incarcerated.
51
154250
3851
其实，就在我演讲的时候，
我父亲仍在监狱。
我父亲仍在监狱。
02:50
My mother, she had me as a teenager,
52
158125
2351
我母亲，在她十几岁时就怀上了我，
02:52
and government wasn't something
we had warm feelings from.
we had warm feelings from.
53
160500
3268
我们对政府也没有什么好感。
02:55
You see, it was the government
54
163792
1684
是政府
02:57
that red-lined the
neighborhoods I grew up in.
neighborhoods I grew up in.
55
165500
2476
给我成长的环境划上了红线。
03:00
Full of liquor stores
and no grocery stores,
and no grocery stores,
56
168000
2143
到处都是卖酒的商店，
没有食品商店，
没有食品商店，
03:02
there was a lack of opportunity
and concentrated poverty.
and concentrated poverty.
57
170167
3226
缺少机会，贫困的状况非常集中。
03:05
It was the government and the politicians
58
173417
2351
是政府和政客
03:07
that made choices,
59
175792
1267
在做决定，
03:09
like the war on drugs and three strikes,
60
177083
1976
比如禁毒战争和三振出局，
03:11
that have incarcerated
far too many people in our country.
far too many people in our country.
61
179083
3060
在我们国家监禁了太多的人。
03:14
It was the government and political actors
62
182167
2476
是政府和政治官员
03:16
that made the decisions
that created the school funding formulas,
that created the school funding formulas,
63
184667
3101
决定了学校的资助模式，
03:19
that made it so the school I went to
receive less per pupil spending
receive less per pupil spending
64
187792
3684
使得我就读的学校的人均学生支出
03:23
than schools in more affluent areas.
65
191500
1934
低于富裕地区的学校。
03:25
So there was nothing about that background
that made it likely for me to choose
that made it likely for me to choose
66
193458
3726
所以我并没有这样的背景去选择
03:29
to be involved in being
a government actor.
a government actor.
67
197208
2060
成为一名政府工作人员。
03:31
And at the same time,
Stockton was a very unlikely place.
Stockton was a very unlikely place.
68
199292
3434
同时，这种事发生在
斯托克顿的可能性也很低。
斯托克顿的可能性也很低。
03:34
Stockton is my home town,
a city of 320,000 people.
a city of 320,000 people.
69
202750
3768
斯托克顿是我家乡，
一个拥有32万人口的城市。
一个拥有32万人口的城市。
03:38
But historically, it's been a place
people run from, rather than come back to.
people run from, rather than come back to.
70
206542
4351
但历史上，这是一个人们
逃离而非涌入的城市。
逃离而非涌入的城市。
03:42
It's a city that's incredibly diverse.
71
210917
2101
这是一个非常多元化的城市。
03:45
Thirty-five percent Latino,
35 percent white,
35 percent white,
72
213042
2809
35%是拉丁裔，35%是白人，
03:47
20 percent Asian,
10 percent African American,
10 percent African American,
73
215875
2476
20%的亚裔，10%的非洲裔美国人，
03:50
the oldest Sikh temple in North America.
74
218375
2268
有着北美最古老的锡克教寺庙。
03:52
But at the time I ran for office,
75
220667
1851
但在我竞选公职的时候，
03:54
we were also the largest city
in the country at that time
in the country at that time
76
222542
3226
当时我们也是美国宣布破产
03:57
to declare bankruptcy.
77
225792
1476
的最大城市。
03:59
At the time I decided to run for office,
78
227292
2017
我决定竞选公职时，
04:01
we also had more murders
per capita than Chicago.
per capita than Chicago.
79
229333
3226
我们的人均谋杀率也比芝加哥高。
04:04
At the time I decided to run for office,
80
232583
1935
我决定竞选公职的时候，
04:06
we had a 23 percent poverty rate,
81
234542
2767
我们有23%的贫穷率，
04:09
a 17 percent college attainment rate
82
237333
2518
17%的大学毕业率
04:11
and a host of challenges and issues
beyond the scope of any 21-year-old.
beyond the scope of any 21-year-old.
83
239875
5184
和许多超出了任何21岁的人
能力范围的挑战和问题。
能力范围的挑战和问题。
04:17
So after I won my election,
84
245083
1518
所以在我赢得竞选后，
04:18
I did what I usually do
when I feel overwhelmed,
when I feel overwhelmed,
85
246625
2268
我做了我感到不知所措时
通常做的事情，
通常做的事情，
04:20
I realized the problems of Stockton
were far bigger than me
were far bigger than me
86
248917
3726
我意识到斯托克顿
的问题比我大得多，
的问题比我大得多，
04:24
and that I might need
a little divine intervention.
a little divine intervention.
87
252667
2809
我可能需要一些神的助力。
04:27
So as I prepared
for my first council meeting,
for my first council meeting,
88
255500
2142
所以当我准备我的
第一次理事会会议时，
第一次理事会会议时，
04:29
I went back to some wisdom
my grandmother taught me.
my grandmother taught me.
89
257666
3018
我回想起祖母教给我的一些智慧。
04:32
A parable I think we all know,
90
260708
1851
一个我们都知道的寓言，
04:34
that really constitutes
the governing frame we're using
the governing frame we're using
91
262583
2572
这构成了我们今天用来改造斯托克顿
04:37
to reinvent Stockton today.
92
265179
2005
的管理框架。
04:39
I remember in Sunday school,
my grandmother told me
my grandmother told me
93
267208
2393
我记得在主日学校，
我祖母告诉我，
我祖母告诉我，
04:41
that at one time, a guy asked Jesus,
"Who was my neighbor?
"Who was my neighbor?
94
269625
3934
有一次，有人问耶稣：
“谁是我的邻居?
“谁是我的邻居?
04:45
Who was my fellow citizen?
95
273583
1893
谁是我的同胞？
04:47
Who am I responsible for?"
96
275500
1851
我要对谁负责？
04:49
And instead of a short answer,
Jesus replied with a parable.
Jesus replied with a parable.
97
277375
3184
耶稣没有简单作答，
而是用寓言回答。
而是用寓言回答。
04:52
He said there was a man on a journey,
98
280583
2435
他说曾有一个旅途中的人，
04:55
walking down Jericho Road.
99
283042
2184
沿着杰里科路走。
04:57
As he was walking down the road,
100
285250
1559
当他走在路上的时候，
04:58
he was beat up,
left on the side of the road,
left on the side of the road,
101
286833
2476
他被打倒在地，被扔在路旁，
05:01
stripped of all his clothes,
102
289333
1435
衣服被脱光，
05:02
had everything stolen from
and left to die.
and left to die.
103
290792
2934
东西被偷走，被扔下等死。
05:05
And then a priest came by,
saw the man on the side of the road,
saw the man on the side of the road,
104
293750
4393
这时，一位牧师经过，
看见路边的那人，
看见路边的那人，
05:10
maybe said a silent prayer,
105
298167
1892
也许做了默默的祈祷，
05:12
hopes and prayers,
prayers that he gets better.
prayers that he gets better.
106
300083
2976
希望和祈祷，祈祷他会变好。
05:15
Maybe saw the man on the side of the road
107
303083
2018
也许看到路旁这人，
05:17
and surmised that it was ordained by God
108
305125
2934
会猜测这是上帝的安排，
05:20
for this particular man,
this particular group
this particular group
109
308083
2435
让这个人，这类人
05:22
to be on the side of the road,
there's nothing I can do to change it.
there's nothing I can do to change it.
110
310542
3434
倒在路旁，我什么也改变不了。
05:26
After the priest walked by,
maybe a politician walked by.
maybe a politician walked by.
111
314000
3226
牧师走过之后，也许过来一个政客。
05:29
A 28-year-old politician, for example.
112
317250
2351
比如，一个28岁的政客。
05:31
Saw the man on the side of the road
and saw how beat up the man was,
and saw how beat up the man was,
113
319625
4601
看到这个倒在路旁的人，
看到这个被打得很惨的人，
看到这个被打得很惨的人，
05:36
saw that the man was a victim
of violence, or fleeing violence.
of violence, or fleeing violence.
114
324250
3309
看到这个暴力或逃离暴力的受害者。
05:39
And the politician decided,
"You know what?
"You know what?
115
327583
2018
于是政客做了决定，“你知道吗？
别让他进来，让我们建一道墙。
05:41
Instead of welcoming this man in,
let's build a wall.
let's build a wall.
116
329625
2518
05:44
Maybe the politician said,
117
332167
1351
也许这个政客说，
05:45
"Maybe this man chose
to be on the side of the road."
to be on the side of the road."
118
333542
3184
“也许躺在路旁是这人的选择。
05:48
That if he just pulled himself up
by his bootstraps,
by his bootstraps,
119
336750
2559
即使他的靴子被偷了，他也能
05:51
despite his boots being stolen,
120
339333
1643
靠自己的力量站起来，
05:53
and got himself back on the horse,
121
341000
2143
自己骑在马上，
05:55
he could be successful,
and there's nothing I could do."
and there's nothing I could do."
122
343167
3267
他会成功的，我什么也做不了。”
05:58
And then finally, my grandmother said,
a good Samaritan came by,
a good Samaritan came by,
123
346458
4060
最后，我祖母说，
一个好心的撒玛利亚人来了，
一个好心的撒玛利亚人来了，
06:02
saw the man on the side of the road
124
350542
2684
看到这个人躺在路旁，
06:05
and looked and saw not centuries of hatred
125
353250
2684
脸上没有表现出
犹太人和撒玛利亚人之间
犹太人和撒玛利亚人之间
06:07
between Jews and Samaritans,
126
355958
1685
数百年的仇恨，
06:09
looked and saw not his fears reflected,
127
357667
4434
脸上也没有任何恐惧，
06:14
not economic anxiety,
128
362125
1393
也不焦虑经济，
06:15
not "what's going to happen to me
because things are changing."
because things are changing."
129
363542
2976
不担心“事情若发生变化，我该怎么办？”
而是看到了自己的影子。
06:18
But looked and saw
a reflection of himself.
a reflection of himself.
130
366542
2017
06:20
He saw his neighbor,
he saw his common humanity.
he saw his common humanity.
131
368583
2976
他看到了他的邻居，
他看到了共同的人性。
他看到了共同的人性。
06:23
He didn't just see it,
he did something about it,
he did something about it,
132
371583
2286
他不仅看到了，还行动起来了，
我的祖母说。
06:25
my grandmother said.
133
373893
1250
他单膝跪下，
06:27
He got down on one knee,
134
375167
1309
06:28
he made sure the man was OK,
135
376500
1934
看这人还活着没，
06:30
and I heard, even gave him a room
at that nice Fairmont,
at that nice Fairmont,
136
378458
2935
我听说，他甚至给
他在费尔蒙的高档酒店，
他在费尔蒙的高档酒店，
06:33
the Pan Pacific one.
137
381417
1559
泛太平洋酒店订了间房。
06:35
(Laughter)
138
383000
2750
（笑声）
06:39
And as I prepared to govern,
139
387333
1435
当我准备执政时，
06:40
I realized that given
the diversity of Stockton,
the diversity of Stockton,
140
388792
2976
我意识到，考虑到斯托克顿的多元性，
06:43
the first step to making change
will be to again answer the same question:
will be to again answer the same question:
141
391792
4892
做出改变的第一步是
再次回答同样的问题。
再次回答同样的问题。
06:48
Who is our neighbor?
142
396708
1518
谁是我们的邻居？
06:50
And realizing that our destiny as a city
was tied up in everyone.
was tied up in everyone.
143
398250
5309
并意识到我们作为一个城市
的命运与每个人息息相关，
的命运与每个人息息相关，
06:55
Particularly those who are left
on the side of the road.
on the side of the road.
144
403583
3476
尤其是那些被丢在路边的人。
06:59
But then I realized
that charity isn't justice,
that charity isn't justice,
145
407083
3935
但后来我意识到，慈善不是正义，
07:03
that acts of empathy isn't justice,
146
411042
2767
同理心的行为不是正义，
07:05
that being a good neighbor
is necessary but not sufficient,
is necessary but not sufficient,
147
413833
3185
做一个好邻居是必要的，但还不够，
07:09
and there was more that had to be done.
148
417042
2184
还有更多的事情得做。
07:11
So looking at the story,
149
419250
1268
听到了这个故事，
07:12
I realized that the road,
Jericho Road, has a nickname.
Jericho Road, has a nickname.
150
420542
3559
我意识到这条路，
杰里科路，有一个昵称。
杰里科路，有一个昵称。
07:16
It's known as the Bloody Pass,
the Ascent of Red,
the Ascent of Red,
151
424125
3434
这条路被称为血腥之路，红色之路，
07:19
because the road
is structured for violence.
is structured for violence.
152
427583
3060
因为这条路是结构性暴力的。
07:22
This Jericho Road is narrow,
it's conducive for ambushing.
it's conducive for ambushing.
153
430667
3684
这条杰里科路很窄，很容易埋伏。
07:26
Meaning, a man on the side
of the road wasn't abnormal.
of the road wasn't abnormal.
154
434375
3226
意味着，人倒在路边很正常，
07:29
Wasn't strange.
155
437625
1351
并不奇怪。
07:31
And in fact, it was something
that was structured to happen,
that was structured to happen,
156
439000
2851
事实上，这是注定要发生的事情，
07:33
it was supposed to happen.
157
441875
1518
这是必然要发生的。
07:35
And Johan Galtung, a peace theorist,
158
443417
2059
还有约翰·加尔东，一位和平理论家，
07:37
talks about structural
violence in our society.
violence in our society.
159
445500
2934
谈到我们社会中的结构性暴力。
07:40
He says, "Structural violence
is the avoidable impairment
is the avoidable impairment
160
448458
4060
他说，“结构性暴力是对人类基本需求的
07:44
of basic human needs."
161
452542
1767
可避免伤害。”
07:46
Dr. Paul Farmer talks
about structural violence
about structural violence
162
454333
2976
保罗·法默博士谈到了结构性暴力
07:49
and talks about how it's the way
163
457333
1524
以及我们的制度，
07:50
our institutions,
our policies, our culture
our policies, our culture
164
458881
3637
我们的政策，我们的文化
07:54
creates outcomes that advantage
some people and disadvantage others.
some people and disadvantage others.
165
462542
4476
是如何产生对一些人有利而
对另一些人不利的结果的。
对另一些人不利的结果的。
07:59
And then I realized,
much like the road in Jericho,
much like the road in Jericho,
166
467042
2767
然后我意识到，这很像杰里科路，
08:01
in many ways, Stockton, our society,
167
469833
2476
在很多方面，斯托克顿，我们的社会，
08:04
has been structured
for the outcomes we complain about.
for the outcomes we complain about.
168
472333
2685
结构性地产出了饱受诟病的结果。
08:07
That we should not be surprised
169
475042
1517
那么我们就不会感到惊讶，
08:08
when we see that kids in poverty
don't do well in school,
don't do well in school,
170
476583
2726
当我们看到贫民区的孩子学业一般时，
08:11
that we should not be surprised
to see wealth gaps by race and ethnicity.
to see wealth gaps by race and ethnicity.
171
479333
3518
我们也不会对不同种族
的贫富差距感到惊讶。
的贫富差距感到惊讶。
08:14
We should not be surprised to see
income pay disparities between genders,
income pay disparities between genders,
172
482875
3434
我们也不会对性别收入差距感到惊讶，
08:18
because that's what our society,
historically, has been structured to do,
historically, has been structured to do,
173
486333
3643
因为我们的社会，历史，
就是这样建构的，
就是这样建构的，
08:22
and it's working accordingly.
174
490000
1542
这是自然而然发生的。
08:24
(Applause)
175
492417
5559
（鼓掌）
08:30
So taking this wisdom,
176
498000
1518
于是带着这个智慧，
08:31
I rolled up my sleeves and began to work.
177
499542
2351
我挽起袖子开始干。
08:33
And there's three quick stories
I want to share,
I want to share,
178
501917
2267
有三个简短的故事我想要分享，
08:36
that point to not that we
figured everything out,
figured everything out,
179
504208
2310
这并不是说我们把
所有问题都解决了，
所有问题都解决了，
08:38
not that we have arrived,
180
506542
1434
并非我们抵达目标了，
08:40
but we're trending in the right direction.
181
508000
2476
而是说我们的方向正确。
08:42
The first story, about the neighbor.
182
510500
2476
第一个故事，关于邻居。
08:45
When I was a city council member,
183
513000
1601
当我是市议员时，
08:46
I was working with one of the most
conservative members in our community
conservative members in our community
184
514625
3476
我曾与我们社区中
最保守的一名成员合作，
最保守的一名成员合作，
08:50
on opening a health clinic
for undocumented people
for undocumented people
185
518125
3393
为城市南部的非法移民
08:53
in the south part of the city,
and I loved it.
and I loved it.
186
521542
2684
开设一家诊所，我喜欢这个点子。
08:56
And as we opened the clinic,
187
524250
1559
当我们开诊所时，
08:57
we had a resolution to sign,
188
525833
2351
我们要签署一个决议，
09:00
he presented me a gift.
189
528208
1935
他送给了我一个礼物。
09:02
It was an O'Reilly Factor
lifetime membership pin.
lifetime membership pin.
190
530167
4642
这是一个奥莱利评论秀终身会员胸针。
09:06
(Laughter)
191
534833
2643
（笑声）
09:09
Mind you, I didn't ask
what he did to get such a gift.
what he did to get such a gift.
192
537500
4268
实话说，我没有问他是怎么
得到这样一份礼物的。
得到这样一份礼物的。
09:13
What blood oath --
I had no idea how he got it.
I had no idea how he got it.
193
541792
3226
我不知道他是怎么有的。
09:17
But I looked at him and I said,
194
545042
1517
但我看着他说，
09:18
"Well, how are we working together
to open a health clinic,
to open a health clinic,
195
546583
3893
“ 那么，我们如何共同
来开设一家健康诊所，
来开设一家健康诊所，
09:22
to provide free health care
for undocumented people,
for undocumented people,
196
550500
3268
为非法移民提供免费医疗服务呢？
09:25
and you're an O'Reilly Factor member?"
197
553792
2434
还有你是奥莱利评论秀终身会员？”
09:28
He looked at me and said,
198
556250
1268
他看着我说，
09:29
"Councilman Tubbs,
this is for my neighbors."
this is for my neighbors."
199
557542
2851
“塔布斯议员，这是给我的邻居们的。”
09:32
And he's a great example of what it means
200
560417
2226
他本人就是个好邻居，
09:34
to be a good neighbor,
at least in that instance.
at least in that instance.
201
562667
3517
至少在那个案例中，
他证明了这一点。
他证明了这一点。
09:38
The robbers.
202
566208
1268
再谈谈劫匪。
09:39
So after four years on city council,
I decided to run for mayor,
I decided to run for mayor,
203
567500
3226
在市议会任职四年后，
我决定竞选市长，
我决定竞选市长，
09:42
realizing that being a part-time
councilman wasn't enough
councilman wasn't enough
204
570750
3351
意识到做兼职议员还不足以实现
09:46
to enact the structural
changes we need to see in Stockton,
changes we need to see in Stockton,
205
574125
3434
我们在斯托克顿
需要看到的结构性改革，
需要看到的结构性改革，
09:49
and I came to that conclusion
by looking at the data.
by looking at the data.
206
577583
3518
我通过研究数据得出了这个结论。
09:53
So my old council district,
where I grew up,
where I grew up,
207
581125
2268
以前我住的地方，
我长大的地方，
我长大的地方，
09:55
is 10 minutes away
from a more affluent district.
from a more affluent district.
208
583417
3017
离一个更富裕的街区10分钟距离。
09:58
And 10 minutes away in the same city,
209
586458
2101
而城市内部相距10分钟，
10:00
the difference between
zip code 95205 and 95219
zip code 95205 and 95219
210
588583
5310
邮政编码分别是95205
和95219的两个地区，
和95219的两个地区，
10:05
in life expectancy is 10 years.
211
593917
2708
人口预期寿命相差10年。
10:09
Ten minutes away, 4.5 miles,
212
597708
3018
10分钟远，4.5英里，
10:12
10 years life expectancy difference,
213
600750
2143
10年预期寿命的差异，
10:14
and not because of the choices
people are making.
people are making.
214
602917
2434
不是因为人们的选择。
10:17
Because no one chose
to live in an unsafe community
to live in an unsafe community
215
605375
2434
因为没人会选择生活在
一个不安全的社区，
一个不安全的社区，
他们没法选择。
10:19
where they can't exercise.
216
607833
1268
没人会选择一个卖酒的店
多过食品商店的社区。
多过食品商店的社区。
10:21
No one chose to put more liquor stores
than grocery stores in the community.
than grocery stores in the community.
217
609125
3572
没人选择这些，但这些是现实。
10:24
No one chose these things,
but that's the reality.
but that's the reality.
218
612721
2338
我意识到，作为议员，
10:27
I realized, as a councilman,
219
615083
1351
10:28
to enact a structural change
I wanted to see,
I wanted to see,
220
616458
2143
要去推动我想要看到的结构改变，
在那里相同的邮编
10:30
where between the same zip codes
221
618625
1559
有30%的失业率差异，
10:32
there's a 30 percent difference
in the rate of unemployment,
in the rate of unemployment,
222
620208
2851
有7.5万美元的年收入差异，
10:35
there's a 75,000 dollars a year
difference in income,
difference in income,
223
623083
2893
10:38
that being a councilman
was not going to cut it.
was not going to cut it.
224
626000
2239
作为一个议员起不了什么作用。
10:40
So that's when I decided to run for mayor.
225
628263
2046
所以我决定竞选市长。
10:42
And as mayor, we've been focused
on the robbers and the road.
on the robbers and the road.
226
630333
4143
作为市长，我一直
在关注劫匪和道路。
在关注劫匪和道路。
10:46
So in Stockton, as I mentioned,
227
634500
1518
我之前提到过，在斯托克顿，
10:48
we have historically had problems
with violent crime.
with violent crime.
228
636042
2517
暴力犯罪是我们的历史问题。
10:50
In fact, that's why I decided
to run for office in the first place.
to run for office in the first place.
229
638583
3185
事实上，这也是我
起初竞选公职的原因。
起初竞选公职的原因。
10:53
And my first job as mayor
was helping our community
was helping our community
230
641792
2434
我作为市长的首要任务
就是帮助我们社区
就是帮助我们社区
10:56
to see ourselves, our neighbors,
231
644250
1726
认清自己，认清我们的邻居，
10:58
not just in the people
victimized by violence
victimized by violence
232
646000
2351
不仅包括那些暴力中的受害者，
11:00
but also in the perpetrators.
233
648375
2184
也包括犯罪者本身。
11:02
We realized that those
who enact pain in our society,
who enact pain in our society,
234
650583
3310
我们意识到在社会中制造痛苦的人，
11:05
those who are committing homicides
and contributing to gun violence,
and contributing to gun violence,
235
653917
3191
那些杀人，制造枪支暴力的人，
11:09
are oftentimes victims themselves.
236
657132
2177
本身也是受害者。
11:11
They have high rates of trauma,
they have been shot at,
they have been shot at,
237
659333
2572
他们有很高的创伤率，
自己也被枪击过，
自己也被枪击过，
他们也认识被枪杀的人。
11:13
they've known people who have been shot.
238
661929
2047
这些不是他们行为的借口，
但这有助于解释其行为，
但这有助于解释其行为，
11:16
That doesn't excuse their behavior,
but it helps explain it,
but it helps explain it,
239
664000
2851
作为一个社区，我们也得
把这些人看作自己人。
把这些人看作自己人。
11:18
and as a community,
we have to see these folks as us, too.
we have to see these folks as us, too.
240
666875
2726
11:21
That they too are our neighbors.
241
669625
1809
他们也是我们的邻居。
11:23
So for the past three years --
242
671458
2018
所以过去三年——
11:25
(Applause)
243
673500
4768
（鼓掌）
11:30
So for the past three years,
we've been working on two strategies:
we've been working on two strategies:
244
678292
3351
所以过去三年，
我们执行了两个策略：
我们执行了两个策略：
11:33
Ceasefire and Advance Peace,
245
681667
2309
停火和提倡和平，
11:36
where we give these guys
as much attention, as much love
as much attention, as much love
246
684000
2643
我们通过社会服务，
通过提供机会，去掉纹身，
通过提供机会，去掉纹身，
11:38
from social services,
from opportunities, from tattoo removals,
from opportunities, from tattoo removals,
247
686667
3184
有时候甚至是现金，作为
来自执法部门的礼物，
来自执法部门的礼物，
11:41
in some cases even cash,
248
689875
1684
给予这些人
11:43
as a gift from law enforcement.
249
691583
1560
更多的关注和爱。
11:45
And last year, we saw
a 40 percent reduction in homicides
a 40 percent reduction in homicides
250
693167
4559
去年，我们的谋杀率下降了40%，
11:49
and a 30 percent reduction
in violent crime.
in violent crime.
251
697750
3101
暴力犯罪下降30%。
11:52
(Applause)
252
700875
5518
（鼓掌）
11:58
And now, the road.
253
706417
1267
现在，再来说说道路。
11:59
I mentioned that my community
has a 23 percent poverty rate.
has a 23 percent poverty rate.
254
707708
3810
我提过我们的社区贫困比例是23%。
12:03
As someone who comes from poverty,
it's a personal issue for me.
it's a personal issue for me.
255
711542
4017
作为来自贫困区的人，
这对我来说也是个人问题。
这对我来说也是个人问题。
12:07
So I decided that we
wouldn't just do a program,
wouldn't just do a program,
256
715583
2893
所以我决定我们不能只做一些项目，
12:10
or we wouldn't just do something
to go around the edges,
to go around the edges,
257
718500
2684
或者只做一些边缘的事情，
而是要对产生贫困
12:13
but we would call into question
the very structure
the very structure
258
721208
2351
12:15
that produces poverty in the first place.
259
723583
2060
的物理结构提出疑问。
12:17
So starting in February,
we launched a basic income demonstration,
we launched a basic income demonstration,
260
725667
3267
所以2月份开始，
我们开展了基本收入示范，
我们开展了基本收入示范，
12:20
where for the next 18 months,
261
728958
1726
在接下来的18个月内，
12:22
as a pilot, 130 families,
randomly selected,
randomly selected,
262
730708
3518
作为试点，130个随机抽选的家庭，
12:26
who live in zip codes at or below
the median income of the city,
the median income of the city,
263
734250
3768
这些来自城市低收入地区的家庭
12:30
are given 500 dollars a month.
264
738042
1726
每个月被分到500美元。
12:31
And we're doing this
for a couple of reasons.
for a couple of reasons.
265
739792
2101
我们这样做是基于几个原因。
我们这样做是因为我们意识到
12:33
We're doing it because we realize
266
741917
1642
美国有些问题是结构性的，
12:35
that something is structurally
wrong in America,
wrong in America,
267
743583
2268
每两个美国人中就有一个人负担
不起400美元的紧急情况。
不起400美元的紧急情况。
12:37
when one in two Americans
can't afford one 400-dollar emergency.
can't afford one 400-dollar emergency.
268
745875
3393
12:41
We're doing it because we realize
that something is structurally wrong
that something is structurally wrong
269
749292
3351
我们这样做是因为我们意识到
肯定出现了结构性的错误，
肯定出现了结构性的错误，
当工资在1979年到2013年
只增长了6%时。
只增长了6%时。
12:44
when wages have only increased
six percent between 1979 and 2013.
six percent between 1979 and 2013.
270
752667
4142
12:48
We're doing it because we realize
something is structurally wrong
something is structurally wrong
271
756833
3101
我们这样做是因为我们意识到
一定有什么结构性的问题。
一定有什么结构性的问题。
12:51
when people working two and three jobs,
272
759958
1893
当人们需要同时打2-3份工，
12:53
doing all the jobs
no one in here wants to do,
no one in here wants to do,
273
761875
2184
去做那些没人愿意做的工作，
而且还不足以支付诸如房租，
12:56
can't pay for necessities, like rent,
274
764083
2143
12:58
like lights, like health care,
like childcare.
like childcare.
275
766250
3434
水电，医疗和托儿等费用时。
13:01
(Applause)
276
769708
4167
（鼓掌）
13:07
So I would say, Stockton again,
we have real issues.
we have real issues.
277
775000
3393
所以斯托克顿也是问题重重。
13:10
I have constituent emails in my phone now,
about the homelessness issue,
about the homelessness issue,
278
778417
3684
我现在手机里有一些选民的电邮，
关于无家可归的问题，
关于无家可归的问题，
13:14
about some of the violent crime
we're still experiencing.
we're still experiencing.
279
782125
2684
关于我们仍在遭遇的一些暴力犯罪。
13:16
But I would say, I think as a society,
we would be wise to go back
we would be wise to go back
280
784833
4101
但我得说，我认为作为一个社会，
我们最好明智地回到
我们最好明智地回到
13:20
to those old Bible stories
we were taught growing up,
we were taught growing up,
281
788958
2518
我们从小被教诲的
那些古老的圣经故事上，
那些古老的圣经故事上，
13:23
and understand that number one,
282
791500
1518
要理解，第一点，
13:25
we have to begin to see
each other as neighbors,
each other as neighbors,
283
793042
2239
我们得开始把彼此视作邻居，
13:27
that when we see someone
different from us,
different from us,
284
795305
2046
当我们看到不同的人时，
他们不应该引发
我们的恐惧，焦虑，不安，
我们的恐惧，焦虑，不安，
13:29
they should not reflect our fears,
our anxieties, our insecurities,
our anxieties, our insecurities,
285
797375
4518
13:33
the prejudices we've been taught,
our biases -- but we should see ourselves.
our biases -- but we should see ourselves.
286
801917
4267
我们被教授的偏见——
而是视做我们自己。
而是视做我们自己。
13:38
We should see our common humanity.
287
806208
1643
我们应该看到我们同有的人性。
因为我认为一旦我们这样做了，
13:39
Because I think once we do that,
288
807875
1524
就可以做更多的改造道路的工作。
13:41
we can do the more important work
of restructuring the road.
of restructuring the road.
289
809423
3220
13:44
Because again, I understand
some listening are saying,
some listening are saying,
290
812667
2524
我理解一些听众会说，
13:47
"Well, Mayor Tubbs, you're talking about
structural violence and structural this,
structural violence and structural this,
291
815215
3844
“好的，塔布斯市长，你说的这些
结构性暴力和结构性问题，
结构性暴力和结构性问题，
13:51
but you're on the stage.
292
819083
1726
但你能在舞台上，
13:52
That the structures can't be too bad
if you could come up from poverty,
if you could come up from poverty,
293
820833
3560
那个结构就不至于太糟糕，
毕竟你在父亲入狱的情况下，
毕竟你在父亲入狱的情况下，
13:56
have a father in jail, go to Stanford,
294
824417
2226
能摆脱贫困，上斯坦福，
13:58
work in the White House and become mayor."
295
826667
2017
在白宫工作并成为市长。”
14:00
And I would respond by saying
the term for that is exceptionalism.
the term for that is exceptionalism.
296
828708
4935
我的回答是，这叫例外主义。
14:05
Meaning that we recognize it's exceptional
for people to escape the structures.
for people to escape the structures.
297
833667
4101
这意味着人们逃离
这种结构是不寻常的。
这种结构是不寻常的。
14:09
Meaning by our very language,
298
837792
1434
用我们的语言来表达，
14:11
we understand that the things we're seeing
in our world are by design.
in our world are by design.
299
839250
3309
我们知道我们所看到的世界
都是经过设计的。
都是经过设计的。
14:14
And I think that task for us, as TEDsters,
300
842583
2976
我认为对于TED人来说，
14:17
and as good people,
just people, moral people,
just people, moral people,
301
845583
3060
还有那些好人，正直的人，
有道德的人来说，
有道德的人来说，
14:20
is really do the hard work necessary
of not just joining hands as neighbors,
of not just joining hands as neighbors,
302
848667
5267
我们的任务就是不仅仅作为邻居
携手合作，而且用双手
携手合作，而且用双手
14:25
but using our hands
to restructure our road,
to restructure our road,
303
853958
2393
重建我们的道路的努力工作，
14:28
a road that in this country has been
rooted in things like white supremacy.
rooted in things like white supremacy.
304
856375
3976
这条路过去根植于白人至上主义。
14:32
A road like in this country
has been rooted in things like misogyny.
has been rooted in things like misogyny.
305
860375
3393
这个国家，这样的道路
基于对女性的厌恶。
基于对女性的厌恶。
14:35
A road that's not working
for far too many people.
for far too many people.
306
863792
2726
这条道路不适合很多人。
14:38
And I think today, tomorrow and 2020
we have a chance to change that.
we have a chance to change that.
307
866542
4976
我认为今天，明天和2020年，
我们有机会去改变它。
我们有机会去改变它。
14:43
So as I prepare to close,
308
871542
1916
所以在我准备结束语的时候，
14:46
I started with a story from nine years ago
and I'll end with one.
and I'll end with one.
309
874708
3351
就像我从一个九年前的故事开始，
我同样将以一个故事结束演讲。
我同样将以一个故事结束演讲。
14:50
So after my cousin was murdered,
310
878083
1524
在我堂兄被谋杀后，
14:51
I was lucky enough
to go on the Freedom Rides
to go on the Freedom Rides
311
879631
2595
我很幸运能和一些自由骑手
14:54
with some of the original freedom riders.
312
882250
2268
一起参加自由之旅。
14:56
And they taught me a lot
about restructuring the road.
about restructuring the road.
313
884542
3601
他们告诉了我很多重建道路的事情。
15:00
And one guy in particular,
Bob Singleton, asked me a question
Bob Singleton, asked me a question
314
888167
3226
其中有个人，鲍勃·辛格尔顿，
问了我一个
问了我一个
15:03
I'm going to leave with us today.
315
891417
2101
我今天要留给大家的问题。
15:05
We were going to Anniston,
Alabama, and he said, "Michael,"
Alabama, and he said, "Michael,"
316
893542
4559
当时我们要去阿拉巴马州
的安尼斯顿，他说：“迈克尔，”
的安尼斯顿，他说：“迈克尔，”
15:10
and I said, "Yes, sir."
317
898125
1393
我说，“怎么了，先生？”
15:11
He said, "I was arrested
on August 4, 1961.
on August 4, 1961.
318
899542
4184
他说：“我在1961年8月4日被捕。
15:15
Now why is that day important?"
319
903750
2809
为什么这一天很重要？”
15:18
And I said, "Well, you were arrested,
320
906583
2601
我说，“你被逮捕了，
15:21
if you weren't arrested,
we wouldn't be on this bus.
we wouldn't be on this bus.
321
909208
2435
如果你没有被逮捕，
我们也不会在这趟车上。
我们也不会在这趟车上。
15:23
if we weren't on this bus,
we wouldn't have the rights we enjoy."
we wouldn't have the rights we enjoy."
322
911667
3059
如果我们不在这车上，我们
也不会拥有我们享受的权利。”
也不会拥有我们享受的权利。”
他翻了翻白眼说，“不是的，孩子。”
15:26
He rolled his eyes and said, "No, son."
323
914750
1858
15:28
He said, "On that day,
Barack Obama was born."
Barack Obama was born."
324
916632
2500
他说道，“就在那天，
巴拉克·奥巴马出生了。”
巴拉克·奥巴马出生了。”
15:32
And then he said he had no idea
that the choice he made
that the choice he made
325
920333
3685
然后他说他没有想到他做的
15:36
to restructure the road
326
924042
1559
重建道路的选择
15:37
would pave the way,
327
925625
1268
会铺平道路，
15:38
so a child born as a second class citizen,
328
926917
3476
让出生时就是一个二等公民的人，
15:42
who wouldn't be able to even get
a cup of water at a counter,
a cup of water at a counter,
329
930417
3559
在柜台上连一杯水都拿不到的人，
15:46
would have the chance,
50 years later, to be president.
50 years later, to be president.
330
934000
3059
会拥有机会，在50年后成为总统。
15:49
Then he looked at me and he said,
331
937083
1601
然后他看着我说，
15:50
"What are you prepared to do today
332
938708
3185
“你今天准备做的事情，
15:53
so that 50 years from now
333
941917
1642
能让在50年后
15:55
a child born has a chance
to be president?"
to be president?"
334
943583
2060
出生的孩子有机会成为总统吗？”
15:57
And I think, TED, that's
the question before us today.
the question before us today.
335
945667
3392
我想，TED，这是今天摆在
我们面前的问题。
我们面前的问题。
16:01
We know things are jacked up.
336
949083
2560
我知道一切事情都很顺利。
16:03
I think what we've seen
recently isn't abnormal
recently isn't abnormal
337
951667
2351
我认为我们今天
看到的情况并不反常，
看到的情况并不反常，
16:06
but a reflection of a system
that's been structured
that's been structured
338
954042
3101
而是一个注定要产生这些疯狂结果
16:09
to produce such crazy outcomes.
339
957167
2101
体制的结果。
16:11
But I think it's also an opportunity.
340
959292
2142
但我认为这也是一个机遇。
16:13
Because these structures we inherit
aren't acts of God
aren't acts of God
341
961458
2601
因为我们继承的这个结构
不是上帝的旨意，
不是上帝的旨意，
16:16
but acts of men and women,
they're policy choices,
they're policy choices,
342
964083
2334
而是男人和女人们，他们的政策选择，
他们得到了像我这样的政客，
像你们这样的选民的支持。
像你们这样的选民的支持。
16:18
they're by politicians like me,
approved by voters like you.
approved by voters like you.
343
966441
2827
16:21
And we have the chance
and the awesome opportunity
and the awesome opportunity
344
969292
2642
我们有机会和绝好的机遇
16:23
to do something about it.
345
971958
1726
去做点事情。
16:25
So my question is:
What are we prepared to do today,
What are we prepared to do today,
346
973708
3976
所以我的问题是：
我们今天打算做的是，
我们今天打算做的是，
16:29
so that a child born today,
50 years from now
50 years from now
347
977708
3518
让今天出生的孩子，在50年后，
16:33
isn't born in a society
rooted in white supremacy;
rooted in white supremacy;
348
981250
4268
不再生于一个白人至上的社会；
16:37
isn't born into a society
riddled with misogyny;
riddled with misogyny;
349
985542
3934
不再出生在一个重男轻女的社会；
16:41
isn't born into a society riddled
with homophobia and transphobia
with homophobia and transphobia
350
989500
3976
不再出生在一个充斥着
恐同、恐跨性别、
恐同、恐跨性别、
16:45
and anti-Semitism
and Islamophobia and ableism,
and Islamophobia and ableism,
351
993500
2768
反犹太主义、恐伊斯兰和体能歧视
16:48
and all the phobias and -isms?
352
996292
1517
以及各种恐惧和主义的社会吗？
16:49
What are we prepared to do today,
353
997833
2726
我们今天打算要做的是，
16:52
so that 50 years from now
354
1000583
1810
让现在开始的50年后，
16:54
we have a road in our society
that's structured
that's structured
355
1002417
2809
我们的社会道路可以体现哪些
16:57
to reflect what we hold
to be self-evident?
to be self-evident?
356
1005250
3601
我们认为是不言而喻的东西？
17:00
That all men, that all women,
357
1008875
2934
那就是所有的男人，所有的女人，
17:03
that even all trans people
358
1011833
2101
甚至所有跨性别的人，
17:05
are created equal
359
1013958
1518
生来平等，
17:07
and are endowed by your Creator
with certain unalienable rights,
with certain unalienable rights,
360
1015500
3768
被你们的造物者赋予
不可剥夺的权利，
不可剥夺的权利，
17:11
including life, liberty
and the pursuit of happiness.
and the pursuit of happiness.
361
1019292
4392
包括生命，自由和追求幸福的权利。
17:15
Thank you.
362
1023708
1268
谢谢。
17:17
(Applause)
363
1025000
6875
（鼓掌）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Michael Tubbs - Mayor of the City of Stockton, CaliforniaMichael Tubbs is the youngest mayor in the history of the US to represent a city with a population of more than 100,000 residents.
Why you should listen
On November 8, 2016, Michael Tubbs was elected to serve as the mayor of the City of Stockton, California. Upon taking office in January 2017, Michael Tubbs became both Stockton’s youngest mayor and the city’s first African-American mayor.
Included in Fortune's 2018 "40 under 40," Forbes' 2018 list of the "30 Under 30" and The Root's 100, Tubbs's leadership, paired with an ambitious agenda, has received national recognition.
Tubbs has secured over $20 million in philanthropic capital to launch the Stockton Scholars, a place-based scholarship that aims to triple the number of Stockton students entering and graduating from college. Tubbs also brought Advance Peace to Stockton, a data-driven program that works to reduce gun violence in communities. Additionally, with an innovative public-private partnership supported by a $1,000,000 seed grant from the Economic Security Project, Tubbs launched the nation’s first municipal level basic income pilot, the Stockton Economic Empowerment Demonstration.
Before becoming mayor, Tubbs served as Stockton's District 6 City Councilmember. Elected at age 22 in 2013, he became one of the youngest city councilmembers in the country. As a councilmember, Tubbs created the Reinvent South Stockton Coalition, championed the creation of the City's Office of Violence Prevention and was part of the council that led the city out of bankruptcy as Chair of the Audit and Legislative Committee.
Tubbs graduated from Stanford University in 2012 with a bachelor's and master's degree with honors. He has been a college course instructor for Aspire Public Schools and a Fellow at the Stanford Institute of Design and the Emerson Collective. He is a Stockton native and product of Stockton public schools.
Michael Tubbs | Speaker | TED.com