ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Miho Janvier - Space physicist
TED Fellow Miho Janvier studies the the Sun -- in particular the origin of phenomena called "solar storms" which can impact planets in the solar system.

Why you should listen

Miho Janvier is a space physicist at the Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale, France. Her work focuses on the understanding of when solar flares occur, how solar storms travel in space and how they impact planetary environments in the solar system and other star systems. In a nutshell, she works towards a better prediction of "space weather," with a goal of better understanding the influence of the Sun's activity on human societies. She uses data from space missions from NASA, ESA and JAXA as well as develop 3D computer models of solar eruptions.

Janvier is involved as the deputy project scientist on the instrument SPICE as well as a scientific co-Investigator on the instrument EUI on board Solar Orbiter, the next European Space Agency mission to explore the winds and storms coming out from the Sun. Her passion for astrophysics and science communication has led her to partner with the movie production company TreeHouse Digital Ltd to develop a 360 degrees experience of a solar storm using science data and VFX. This video runs in virtual reality headsets such as the Oculus Rift or Youtube 360, with a goal of educating the public about space science.

More profile about the speaker
Miho Janvier | Speaker | TED.com
TEDGlobal 2017

Miho Janvier: Lessons from a solar storm chaser

美穗·让维耶: “太阳风暴追随者”教会我们的

Filmed:
1,175,884 views

宇宙物理学家美穗·让维耶是研究太阳风暴的,太阳风暴是太阳抛出的巨大粒子云,它会影响地球上的生命(同时也产生神奇的极光)。太阳大气层的温度高达1000万摄氏度,该怎么研究它呢?答案就是用数学!这位TED伙伴将分享她的研究,帮助我们更好地理解太阳是如何影响地球上的我们的。
- Space physicist
TED Fellow Miho Janvier studies the the Sun -- in particular the origin of phenomena called "solar storms" which can impact planets in the solar system. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:13
It is almost几乎 the end结束 of the winter冬季,
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冬天快要结束了,
00:16
and you've woken唤醒 up to a cold house,
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你醒来,发现房子里很冷,
00:19
which哪一个 is weird奇怪的, because
you left the heater加热器 on all night.
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很奇怪,因为你的暖气是整晚开着的。
你去开灯。
00:24
You turn on the light.
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没反应。
00:25
It's not working加工.
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00:27
Actually其实, the coffee咖啡 maker制作者, the TV电视 --
none没有 of them are working加工.
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你还发现咖啡机、电视,
统统都打不开了。
00:33
Life outside also seems似乎 to have stopped停止.
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户外已经完全没有生机。
00:36
There are no schools学校,
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学校放假了,
00:38
most of the businesses企业 are shut关闭,
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大部分商店都关门了,
00:40
and there are no working加工 trains火车.
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火车也停运了。
00:43
This is not the opening开盘 scene现场
of a zombie僵尸 apocalypse启示 movie电影.
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这可不是某部僵尸电影的开场。
00:48
This is what happened发生 in March游行 1989
in the Canadian加拿大 province of Quebec魁北克,
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而是1989年3月,
在加拿大魁北克省
00:54
when the power功率 grid lost丢失 power功率.
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发生的大停电事故。
00:57
The culprit罪魁祸首?
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问题出在哪儿?
00:59
A solar太阳能 storm风暴.
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是太阳风暴。
01:01
Solar太阳能 storms风暴 are giant巨人 clouds of particles粒子
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太阳风暴是从太阳抛射出来的
01:04
escaping逃逸 from the Sun太阳 from time to time,
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巨大的粒子云雾,
01:06
and a constant不变 reminder提醒 that we live生活
in the neighborhood邻里 of an active活性 star.
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它时刻提醒我们,我们生活在
一颗活跃的恒星附近。
01:13
And I, as a solar太阳能 physicist物理学家,
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作为一名太阳物理学家,
01:15
I have a tremendous巨大 chance机会
to study研究 these solar太阳能 storms风暴.
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我有很好的机会
来研究这些太阳风暴。
01:19
But you see, "solar太阳能 storm风暴 chaser驱逐舰"
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但“太阳风暴追随者”
01:22
is not just a cool title标题.
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不光听起来很酷。
01:24
My research研究 helps帮助 to understand理解
where they come from,
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我的研究还能帮助我们
理解太阳风暴从何而来,
01:28
how they behave表现
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有什么特点,
01:29
and, in the long run,
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而且从长远来看,
01:31
aims目标 to mitigate减轻 their effects效果
on human人的 societies社会,
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要缓解其对人类社会的影响,
这一点我稍后再讲。
01:34
which哪一个 I'll get to in a second第二.
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01:37
At the beginning开始 of the space空间
exploration勘探 age年龄 50 years年份 ago only,
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在50年前,太空探索时代
刚刚开始时,
01:42
the probes探头 we sent发送 in space空间
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我们送入太空的探测器
01:44
revealed透露 that the planets行星
in our Solar太阳能 System系统
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发现太阳系里的行星
01:47
constantly经常 bathe洗澡 in a stream of particles粒子
that are coming未来 from the Sun太阳
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会不断遭遇来自太阳的粒子流,
01:52
and that we call the solar太阳能 wind.
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我们称之为太阳风。
01:55
And in the same相同 way that global全球 wind
patterns模式 here on Earth地球
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就像地球上的飓风,
会扰乱全球气流分布,
01:59
can be affected受影响 by hurricanes飓风,
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02:01
the solar太阳能 wind is sometimes有时
affected受影响 by solar太阳能 storms风暴
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太阳风有时候也会被太阳风暴影响,
02:05
that I like to call "space空间 hurricanes飓风."
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我将后者称为“太空飓风”。
02:09
When they arrive到达 at planets行星,
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当它们抵达行星时,
02:11
they can perturb干扰 the space空间 environment环境,
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会扰乱太空环境,
02:13
which哪一个 in turn creates创建
the northern北方 or southern南部的 lights灯火,
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引起北极光或南极光,
比如在地球上看到的,
02:17
for example, here on Earth地球,
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02:19
but also Saturn土星
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在土星也有,
02:21
and also Jupiter木星.
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在木星上也是如此。
02:25
Luckily, here on Earth地球,
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幸运的是,在地球上,
02:27
we are protected保护
by our planet's地球上的 natural自然 shield屏蔽,
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我们有一个天然保护盾,
02:30
a magnetic磁性 bubble泡沫 that we call
the magnetosphere磁层
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就是这个我们称为
“磁层”的磁性泡泡,
02:34
and that you can see here
on the right side.
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就是右边的这个。
02:37
Nonetheless尽管如此, solar太阳能 storms风暴
can still be responsible主管
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尽管如此,太阳风暴还是会影响
02:40
for disrupting妨害 satellite卫星
telecommunications电信 and operations操作,
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卫星通信和运行,
02:45
for disrupting妨害 navigation导航
systems系统, such这样 as GPS全球定位系统,
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扰乱导航系统,像GPS,
还有电力传输系统。
02:48
as well as electric电动 power功率 transmission传输.
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02:51
All of these are technologies技术
on which哪一个 us humans人类 rely依靠 more and more.
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所有这些技术
都是人类越来越依赖的。
02:58
I mean, imagine想像 if you woke醒来 up tomorrow明天
without a working加工 cell细胞 phone电话 --
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想象一下,如果你
明早起来发现手机用不了,
03:03
no internet互联网 on it,
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没有网络,
03:05
which哪一个 means手段 no social社会 media媒体.
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就意味着用不了社交媒体。
03:07
I mean, to me that would be worse更差
than the zombie僵尸 apocalypse启示.
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对我来说简直比僵尸爆发更糟糕。
03:10
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
03:12
By constantly经常 monitoring监控 the Sun太阳, though虽然,
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通过持续监控太阳,
03:14
we now know where
the solar太阳能 storms风暴 come from.
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我们知道了太阳风暴是从何而来的。
03:17
They come from regions地区 of the Sun太阳
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它们来自太阳的某些区域,
那里存储了大量的能量。
03:19
where a tremendous巨大 amount
of energy能源 is being存在 stored存储.
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03:23
You have an example here,
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这里有个例子,
03:24
as a complex复杂 structure结构体
hanging above以上 the solar太阳能 surface表面,
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就像浮在太阳表面的一个复杂结构,
03:28
just on the verge边缘 of erupting爆发.
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就在喷发物的边缘。
03:31
Unfortunately不幸, we cannot不能 send发送 probes探头
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遗憾的是,我们无法将探测器
03:34
in the scorching酷热 hot
atmosphere大气层 of the Sun太阳,
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送到太阳大气层,那里温度太高,
03:38
where temperatures温度 can rise上升
up to around 10 million百万 degrees Kelvin.
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能达到摄氏1000万度左右。
03:44
So what I do is I use computer电脑 simulations模拟
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因此我用的是计算机模拟的方法,
03:48
in order订购 to analyze分析 but also to predict预测
the behavior行为 of these storms风暴
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来分析并且预测
太阳风暴的行为特征,
03:53
when they're just born天生 at the Sun太阳.
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就在它刚刚从太阳上生成的时候。
03:57
This is only one part部分
of the story故事, though虽然.
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但这仅仅是故事的一方面。
04:01
When these solar太阳能 storms风暴
are moving移动 in space空间,
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当太阳风暴进入太空后,
04:05
some of them will inevitably必将
encounter遭遇 space空间 probes探头
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其中一些会不可避免的
遇上我们发射的探测器,
04:08
that we humans人类 have sent发送
in order订购 to explore探索 other worlds世界.
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发射它们的目的是探索其他的世界。
04:14
What I mean by other worlds世界 is,
for example, planets行星,
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所谓其他的世界,我指的是其他行星,
04:16
such这样 as Venus金星 or Mercury,
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比如金星或者水星,
04:19
but also objects对象, such这样 as comets彗星.
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或者其他天体,比如彗星。
04:22
And while these space空间 probes探头
have been made制作
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尽管制造这些探测器的目的,
是为了不同的科学事业,
04:25
for different不同 scientific科学 endeavors努力,
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04:27
they can also act法案 like tiny
cosmic宇宙的 meteorological气象 stations
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但它们也可以充当
小型的宇宙气象站,
04:33
and monitor监控 the evolution演化
of these space空间 storms风暴.
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用来监控宇宙风暴的演变。
04:36
So I, with a group of researchers研究人员,
gather收集 and analyze分析 this data数据
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因此我跟一群研究者一起,
收集并分析这些
04:42
coming未来 from different不同
locations地点 of the Solar太阳能 System系统.
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来自太阳系不同位置的数据。
04:45
And by doing so, my research研究
shows节目 that, actually其实,
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我的研究显示,实际上,
04:48
solar太阳能 storms风暴 have a generic通用 shape形状,
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太阳风暴都有一个普遍特征,
04:50
and that this shape形状 evolves演变
as solar太阳能 storms风暴 move移动 away from the Sun太阳.
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这一特征随着太阳风暴
远离太阳而演变。
04:55
And you know what?
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你们知道吗?
04:56
This is key for building建造 tools工具
to predict预测 space空间 weather天气.
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这是建造宇宙天气
预测工具的关键。
05:03
I would like to leave离开 you
with this beautiful美丽 image图片.
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我想留给大家这幅美丽的图画。
05:06
This is us here on Earth地球,
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这是我们所在的地球,
05:09
this pale苍白 blue蓝色 dot.
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这个暗淡的蓝点。
05:11
And while I study研究 the Sun太阳
and its storms风暴 every一切 day,
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在我研究太阳的时候,
几乎每天都有太阳风暴,
05:15
I will always have a deep love
for this beautiful美丽 planet行星 --
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我将永远深爱着这个美丽的星球,
05:20
a pale苍白 blue蓝色 dot indeed确实,
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它其实就是一个淡蓝色的点,
05:21
but a pale苍白 blue蓝色 dot
with an invisible无形 magnetic磁性 shield屏蔽
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但就是这个淡蓝色的点,
有一个看不见的磁性盾牌,
05:25
that helps帮助 to protect保护 us.
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在时刻保护着我们。
05:27
Thank you.
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谢谢大家。
05:28
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
Translated by Alvin Lee
Reviewed by Phoebe Ling Zhang

▲Back to top

ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Miho Janvier - Space physicist
TED Fellow Miho Janvier studies the the Sun -- in particular the origin of phenomena called "solar storms" which can impact planets in the solar system.

Why you should listen

Miho Janvier is a space physicist at the Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale, France. Her work focuses on the understanding of when solar flares occur, how solar storms travel in space and how they impact planetary environments in the solar system and other star systems. In a nutshell, she works towards a better prediction of "space weather," with a goal of better understanding the influence of the Sun's activity on human societies. She uses data from space missions from NASA, ESA and JAXA as well as develop 3D computer models of solar eruptions.

Janvier is involved as the deputy project scientist on the instrument SPICE as well as a scientific co-Investigator on the instrument EUI on board Solar Orbiter, the next European Space Agency mission to explore the winds and storms coming out from the Sun. Her passion for astrophysics and science communication has led her to partner with the movie production company TreeHouse Digital Ltd to develop a 360 degrees experience of a solar storm using science data and VFX. This video runs in virtual reality headsets such as the Oculus Rift or Youtube 360, with a goal of educating the public about space science.

More profile about the speaker
Miho Janvier | Speaker | TED.com

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