TEDGlobal 2017
Miho Janvier: Lessons from a solar storm chaser
Miho Janvier: Lekcije osobe koja traga za solarnim olujama
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Svemirska fizičarka Miho Janvier proučava solarne oluje: ogromne oblake čestica koje napuštaju Sunce i mogu poremetiti život na Zemlji (istodobno stvarajući i nevjerojatno lijepu polarnu svjetlost). Kako proučiti atmosferu Sunca, čija je temperatura do oko 10 milijuna stupnjeva Celzijusa? Pomoću matematike! Pridružite se članici TED Fellow programa, koja s nama dijeli svoj rad dok pokušava bolje razumjeti kako Sunce utječe na nas na Zemlji.
Miho Janvier - Space physicist
TED Fellow Miho Janvier studies the the Sun -- in particular the origin of phenomena called "solar storms" which can impact planets in the solar system. Full bio
TED Fellow Miho Janvier studies the the Sun -- in particular the origin of phenomena called "solar storms" which can impact planets in the solar system. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
It is almost the end of the winter,
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Skoro je kraj zime
i probudili ste se u hladnoj kući,
00:16
and you've woken up to a cold house,
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00:19
which is weird, because
you left the heater on all night.
you left the heater on all night.
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što je čudno, jer ste grijanje
ostavili uključeno tijekom cijele noći.
ostavili uključeno tijekom cijele noći.
00:24
You turn on the light.
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Palite svjetlo.
00:25
It's not working.
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Ne radi.
00:27
Actually, the coffee maker, the TV --
none of them are working.
none of them are working.
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Zapravo, aparat za kavu, TV,
ništa ne radi.
ništa ne radi.
00:33
Life outside also seems to have stopped.
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Čini se da je i život vani stao.
00:36
There are no schools,
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Škole ne rade,
00:38
most of the businesses are shut,
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većina tvrtki više ne radi,
00:40
and there are no working trains.
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a ni vlakovi ne voze.
00:43
This is not the opening scene
of a zombie apocalypse movie.
of a zombie apocalypse movie.
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Ovo nije uvodna scena filma
o zombi apokalipsi.
o zombi apokalipsi.
00:48
This is what happened in March 1989
in the Canadian province of Quebec,
in the Canadian province of Quebec,
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Ovo se dogodilo u ožujku 1989.
u kanadskoj provinciji Quebec,
u kanadskoj provinciji Quebec,
00:54
when the power grid lost power.
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kada je došlo do prekida opskrbe
električnom energijom.
električnom energijom.
00:57
The culprit?
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Krivac?
00:59
A solar storm.
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Solarna oluja.
01:01
Solar storms are giant clouds of particles
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Solarne oluje su ogromni oblaci čestica
01:04
escaping from the Sun from time to time,
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koje povremeno odmiču od Sunca
01:06
and a constant reminder that we live
in the neighborhood of an active star.
in the neighborhood of an active star.
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i stalni su podsjetnik
da živimo u blizini aktivne zvijezde.
da živimo u blizini aktivne zvijezde.
01:13
And I, as a solar physicist,
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Kao solarna fizičarka,
01:15
I have a tremendous chance
to study these solar storms.
to study these solar storms.
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imam sjajnu priliku
proučavati ove solarne oluje.
proučavati ove solarne oluje.
01:19
But you see, "solar storm chaser"
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Ali, vidite, "osoba koja traga
za solarnim olujama"
za solarnim olujama"
01:22
is not just a cool title.
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nije samo zanimanje zvučnog naziva.
01:24
My research helps to understand
where they come from,
where they come from,
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Moje istraživanje pomaže razumjeti
odakle one dolaze,
odakle one dolaze,
01:28
how they behave
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kako se ponašaju,
01:29
and, in the long run,
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a dugoročno
01:31
aims to mitigate their effects
on human societies,
on human societies,
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teži smanjivanju posljedica
za ljudsko društvo,
za ljudsko društvo,
01:34
which I'll get to in a second.
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na što ću se vratiti uskoro.
01:37
At the beginning of the space
exploration age 50 years ago only,
exploration age 50 years ago only,
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Na početku ere istraživanja svemira,
prije samo 50 godina,
prije samo 50 godina,
01:42
the probes we sent in space
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sonde koje smo poslali u svemir
01:44
revealed that the planets
in our Solar System
in our Solar System
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otkrile su da su planeti
u našem Sunčevom sustavu
u našem Sunčevom sustavu
01:47
constantly bathe in a stream of particles
that are coming from the Sun
that are coming from the Sun
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neprestano okruženi strujom čestica
koje dolaze od Sunca,
koje dolaze od Sunca,
01:52
and that we call the solar wind.
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a što mi zovemo solarni vjetar.
01:55
And in the same way that global wind
patterns here on Earth
patterns here on Earth
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Isto kao što ovdje na Zemlji
na kretanje vjetrova
na kretanje vjetrova
01:59
can be affected by hurricanes,
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mogu utjecati uragani,
02:01
the solar wind is sometimes
affected by solar storms
affected by solar storms
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tako i na solarni vjetar
utječu solarne oluje,
utječu solarne oluje,
02:05
that I like to call "space hurricanes."
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koje volim nazivati "svemirski uragani."
02:09
When they arrive at planets,
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Kada ti uragani dođu do planeta,
02:11
they can perturb the space environment,
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oni mogu poremetiti svemirski okoliš,
02:13
which in turn creates
the northern or southern lights,
the northern or southern lights,
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što u konačnici stvara
sjevernu ili južnu polarnu svjetlost,
sjevernu ili južnu polarnu svjetlost,
02:17
for example, here on Earth,
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na primjer, ovdje na Zemlji,
02:19
but also Saturn
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ali i na Saturnu
02:21
and also Jupiter.
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te Jupiteru.
02:25
Luckily, here on Earth,
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Srećom, ovdje na Zemlji,
02:27
we are protected
by our planet's natural shield,
by our planet's natural shield,
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zaštićeni smo prirodnim Zemljinim štitom,
02:30
a magnetic bubble that we call
the magnetosphere
the magnetosphere
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magnetskim poljem koje zovemo magnetosfera
02:34
and that you can see here
on the right side.
on the right side.
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i koju možete vidjeti ovdje desno.
02:37
Nonetheless, solar storms
can still be responsible
can still be responsible
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Ipak, solarne oluje
mogu i dalje biti odgovorne
mogu i dalje biti odgovorne
02:40
for disrupting satellite
telecommunications and operations,
telecommunications and operations,
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za ometanje satelitskih
komunikacija i operacija,
komunikacija i operacija,
02:45
for disrupting navigation
systems, such as GPS,
systems, such as GPS,
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navigacijskih sustava, npr. GPS-a,
02:48
as well as electric power transmission.
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kao i za prijenos električne struje.
02:51
All of these are technologies
on which us humans rely more and more.
on which us humans rely more and more.
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Na sve se te tehnologije
ljudi sve više oslanjaju.
ljudi sve više oslanjaju.
02:58
I mean, imagine if you woke up tomorrow
without a working cell phone --
without a working cell phone --
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Zamislite samo da se sutra probudite
i da nemate signala na mobitelu,
i da nemate signala na mobitelu,
03:03
no internet on it,
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ni interneta,
03:05
which means no social media.
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što znači, ni društvenih mreža.
03:07
I mean, to me that would be worse
than the zombie apocalypse.
than the zombie apocalypse.
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Za mene bi to bilo gore
od zombi apokalipse.
od zombi apokalipse.
03:10
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
03:12
By constantly monitoring the Sun, though,
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Ipak, stalnim promatranjem Sunca,
03:14
we now know where
the solar storms come from.
the solar storms come from.
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sada znamo odakle dolaze solarne oluje.
03:17
They come from regions of the Sun
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Dolaze s dijelova Sunca
03:19
where a tremendous amount
of energy is being stored.
of energy is being stored.
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gdje je pohranjena
ogromna količina energije.
ogromna količina energije.
03:23
You have an example here,
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Ovdje je jedan primjer toga,
03:24
as a complex structure
hanging above the solar surface,
hanging above the solar surface,
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složena struktura koja visi
iznad solarne površine,
iznad solarne površine,
03:28
just on the verge of erupting.
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na samom rubu erupcije.
03:31
Unfortunately, we cannot send probes
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Nažalost, ne možemo slati sonde
03:34
in the scorching hot
atmosphere of the Sun,
atmosphere of the Sun,
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u užarenu Sunčevu atmosferu,
03:38
where temperatures can rise
up to around 10 million degrees Kelvin.
up to around 10 million degrees Kelvin.
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gdje temperature mogu narasti
i do 10 milijuna stupnjeva Celzijusa.
i do 10 milijuna stupnjeva Celzijusa.
03:44
So what I do is I use computer simulations
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Stoga koristim računalne simulacije
03:48
in order to analyze but also to predict
the behavior of these storms
the behavior of these storms
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za analizu, ali i predviđanje
ponašanja tih oluja,
ponašanja tih oluja,
03:53
when they're just born at the Sun.
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kada se pojave na Suncu.
03:57
This is only one part
of the story, though.
of the story, though.
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Ipak, to je samo jedan dio priče.
04:01
When these solar storms
are moving in space,
are moving in space,
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Kada se te solarne oluje kreću svemirom,
04:05
some of them will inevitably
encounter space probes
encounter space probes
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neke će neizbježno naići
na svemirske sonde
na svemirske sonde
04:08
that we humans have sent
in order to explore other worlds.
in order to explore other worlds.
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koje smo mi ljudi poslali
kako bismo istražili druge svjetove.
kako bismo istražili druge svjetove.
04:14
What I mean by other worlds is,
for example, planets,
for example, planets,
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Pod drugim svjetovima mislim,
na primjer, na planete
na primjer, na planete
04:16
such as Venus or Mercury,
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poput Venere i Merkura,
04:19
but also objects, such as comets.
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ali i objekte poput kometa.
04:22
And while these space probes
have been made
have been made
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I dok su te svemirske sonde stvorene
04:25
for different scientific endeavors,
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zbog različitih znanstvenih nastojanja,
04:27
they can also act like tiny
cosmic meteorological stations
cosmic meteorological stations
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one se mogu ponašati i kao male
svemirske meteorološke postaje
svemirske meteorološke postaje
04:33
and monitor the evolution
of these space storms.
of these space storms.
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te pratiti razvoj tih svemirskih oluja.
04:36
So I, with a group of researchers,
gather and analyze this data
gather and analyze this data
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Zato s grupom istraživača
prikupljam i analiziram te podatke,
prikupljam i analiziram te podatke,
04:42
coming from different
locations of the Solar System.
locations of the Solar System.
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koji dolaze s raznih lokacija
Sunčevog sustava.
Sunčevog sustava.
04:45
And by doing so, my research
shows that, actually,
shows that, actually,
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Na taj način, moje istraživanje pokazuje
04:48
solar storms have a generic shape,
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da solarne oluje imaju generički oblik,
04:50
and that this shape evolves
as solar storms move away from the Sun.
as solar storms move away from the Sun.
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koji se mijenja kako se oluje
odmiču od Sunca.
odmiču od Sunca.
04:55
And you know what?
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I znate li što?
04:56
This is key for building tools
to predict space weather.
to predict space weather.
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Ovo je ključno u izradi alata za
predviđanje vremenskih prilika u svemiru.
predviđanje vremenskih prilika u svemiru.
05:03
I would like to leave you
with this beautiful image.
with this beautiful image.
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Završila bih govor
ovom predivnom fotografijom.
ovom predivnom fotografijom.
05:06
This is us here on Earth,
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Ovo smo mi na Zemlji,
05:09
this pale blue dot.
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ova blijeda plava točka.
05:11
And while I study the Sun
and its storms every day,
and its storms every day,
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I dok svakodnevno
proučavam Sunce i njegove oluje,
proučavam Sunce i njegove oluje,
05:15
I will always have a deep love
for this beautiful planet --
for this beautiful planet --
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uvijek ću duboko voljeti
ovaj predivan planet,
ovaj predivan planet,
05:20
a pale blue dot indeed,
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iako samo blijeda plava točka,
05:21
but a pale blue dot
with an invisible magnetic shield
with an invisible magnetic shield
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ali blijeda plava točka
koja ima nevidljivi magnetski štit
koja ima nevidljivi magnetski štit
05:25
that helps to protect us.
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koji nas čuva.
05:27
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
05:28
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Miho Janvier - Space physicistTED Fellow Miho Janvier studies the the Sun -- in particular the origin of phenomena called "solar storms" which can impact planets in the solar system.
Why you should listen
Miho Janvier is a space physicist at the Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale, France. Her work focuses on the understanding of when solar flares occur, how solar storms travel in space and how they impact planetary environments in the solar system and other star systems. In a nutshell, she works towards a better prediction of "space weather," with a goal of better understanding the influence of the Sun's activity on human societies. She uses data from space missions from NASA, ESA and JAXA as well as develop 3D computer models of solar eruptions.
Janvier is involved as the deputy project scientist on the instrument SPICE as well as a scientific co-Investigator on the instrument EUI on board Solar Orbiter, the next European Space Agency mission to explore the winds and storms coming out from the Sun. Her passion for astrophysics and science communication has led her to partner with the movie production company TreeHouse Digital Ltd to develop a 360 degrees experience of a solar storm using science data and VFX. This video runs in virtual reality headsets such as the Oculus Rift or Youtube 360, with a goal of educating the public about space science.
Miho Janvier | Speaker | TED.com