TED2002
David Macaulay: An illustrated journey through Rome
大衛·馬可雷之《鴿子的羅馬》
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大衛·馬可雷講述《鴿子的羅馬》一書曲折離奇的創作歷程，他以繪畫向充滿歷史的羅馬致敬
David Macaulay - Illustrator
David Macaulay gets under the skins of skyscrapers, mosques, pyramids, subways, and a host of other ancient and modern marvels. His lavish and micro-detailed renderings expose the world's secret engineering to dazzled readers of all ages. Full bio
David Macaulay gets under the skins of skyscrapers, mosques, pyramids, subways, and a host of other ancient and modern marvels. His lavish and micro-detailed renderings expose the world's secret engineering to dazzled readers of all ages. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
I draw to better understand things.
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我畫畫，是為了更好的了解事物
00:16
Sometimes I make a lot of drawings
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有時我畫了很多
00:18
and I still don't understand what it is I'm drawing.
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卻還是不知道我到底畫了些什麼
00:21
Those of you who are comfortable with digital stuff
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在座諸位熟悉數碼產品
00:24
and even smug about that relationship might be amused to know
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又引以為傲的人，知道這件事情可能會覺得有趣
00:28
that the guy who is best known for "The Way Things Work,"
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因為以《機械大百科》成名的我
00:31
while preparing for part of a panel for called Understanding,
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在準備這次關於"理解"的簡報時
00:36
spent two days trying to get his laptop to communicate with his new CD burner.
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花了兩天的時間才把新的CD燒錄器和電腦接起來
00:45
Who knew about extension managers?
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誰曉得裝置管理員是什麼啊？
00:49
I've always managed my own extensions
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我一向都是自己動手
00:52
so it never even occurred to me to read the instructions,
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也沒想過去翻說明書
00:55
but I did finally figure it out. I had to figure it out,
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不過我還是搞定它了，我非這麼作不可
00:58
because along with the invitation
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因為當我受邀來演講時
01:01
came the frightening reminder that there would be no projector,
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他們提醒我這裡沒有幻燈機，我嚇到了
01:05
so bringing those carousels would no longer be necessary
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再也不用帶幻燈片轉盤
01:07
but some alternate form of communication would.
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但一些其他的溝通媒介是可以的
01:10
Now, I could talk about something that I'm known for,
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好啦，我本來可以談談自己的成名作品
01:14
something that would be particularly appropriate
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不過這些似乎比較適合
01:17
for many of the more technically minded people here,
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留給在座更熟悉科技的各位
01:20
or I could talk about something I really care about.
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或者，我可以談談自己真正關注的事情
01:22
I decided to go with the latter.
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我選擇了後者
01:25
I'm going to talk about Rome.
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今天我要來談談羅馬
01:26
Now, why would I care about Rome, particularly?
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爲什麽我對羅馬有特殊情感呢？
01:29
Well, I went to Rhode Island School of Design
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嗯，我在羅德島設計學院(RISD)念建築時
01:32
in the second half of the '60s to study architecture.
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大約是六零年代後期
01:36
I was lucky enough to spend my last year, my fifth year,
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幸運的是，我當學生的最後一年，也就是第五年
01:39
in Rome as a student. It changed my life.
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是在羅馬度過的，這改變了我的一生
01:43
Not the least reason was the fact that I had spent those first four years living at home,
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不是因為前四年我都住在家裡
01:48
driving into RISD everyday, driving back.
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每天開車去學校，然後又開回家
01:50
I missed the '60s. I read about them; (Laughter)
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我錯過了整個六零年代，但我從書上讀到它
01:55
I understand they were pretty interesting. I missed them,
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才知道那是個很有趣的年代，但我錯過了
02:00
but I did spend that extraordinary year in Rome,
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不過我在羅馬度過了極為精彩的一年
02:03
and it's a place that is never far from my mind.
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它一直在我腦海裡，久久不能忘懷
02:07
So, whenever given an opportunity,
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只要有機會
02:10
I try to do something in it or with it or for it.
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我就會試著在那裡做些什麼，或為羅馬做點事情
02:14
I also make drawings to help people understand things.
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我也用繪畫來讓大家更了解事物本質
02:18
Things that I want them to believe I understand.
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讓大家相信我所裡解的事物
02:20
And that's what I do as an illustrator,
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是我身為一個插畫家所要作的
02:23
that's my job.
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這是我的工作
02:25
So, I'm going to show you some pictures of Rome.
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所以接下來我要讓大家看看幾張羅馬的圖片
02:27
I've made a lot of drawings of Rome over the years.
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這些年來，我畫了很多關於羅馬的圖
02:29
These are just drawings of Rome. I get back as often as possible --
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像這些，我盡可能常常回到那裡
02:33
I need to.
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我需要回去
02:34
All different materials, all different styles, all different times,
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不同的材質、風格、時代…
02:36
drawings from sketchbooks looking at the details of Rome.
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在速寫簿上塗鴉，觀察羅馬的一切細節
02:39
Part of the reason I'm showing you these
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我讓大家看這些，有一部分的原因是
02:42
is that it sort of helps illustrate this process I go through
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畫出我所見到的部份能夠幫助我
02:45
of trying to figure out what it is I feel about Rome and why I feel it.
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試著去理清我對羅馬的感覺，以及為什麼我會有這種感覺
02:48
These are sketches of some of the little details.
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這些速寫是一些細節
02:52
Rome is a city full of surprises.
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羅馬是充滿驚奇的城市
02:54
I mean, we're talking about unusual perspectives,
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我是說，從一個不同的角度來看的話
02:57
we're talking about narrow little winding streets
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狹窄曲折的街道
02:59
that suddenly open into vast, sun-drenched piazzas --
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接到空曠而充滿陽光的廣場，一切豁然開朗
03:04
never, though, piazzas that are not humanly scaled.
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這些廣場大得驚人
03:07
Part of the reason for that is the fact that they grew up organically.
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或許因為人們讓它有機地成長
03:10
That amazing juxtaposition of old and new,
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新与舊如此奇特地並立
03:13
the bits of light that come down between the buildings
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建筑之間漏下的幾綫光芒
03:19
that sort of create a map that's traveling above your head of
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似乎在你的腦海里產生一幅游動的地圖--
03:21
usually blue -- especially in the summer --
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通常是藍色的，尤其是在夏天
03:23
compared to the map that you would normally expect to see
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比起你平時在街上看到的
03:26
of conventional streets.
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是如此得不同
03:28
And I began to think about how I could communicate this in book form.
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我尋思如何讓讀者身臨其境
03:31
How could I share my sense of Rome,
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分享我這奇異的“羅馬感”
03:34
my understanding of Rome?
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我所體會的羅馬？
03:36
And I'm going to show you a bunch of dead ends, basically.
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這些羅馬的一些死胡同
03:39
The primary reason for all these dead ends is when
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讓你們知道在羅馬
03:41
if you're not quite sure where you're going, you're certainly not going to get there
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如果不熟悉路，恐怕很長時間
03:43
with any kind of efficiency.
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也找不到目的地
03:45
Here's a little map. And I thought of maps at the beginning;
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這是一張小地圖--開始我就想到了地圖。
03:48
maybe I should just try and do a little atlas
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或許應該畫一張小地圖
03:50
of my favorite streets and connections in Rome.
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搜錄羅馬城里我最喜愛的街巷
03:54
And here's a line of text that actually evolves
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這裏的一行字我弄成了
03:58
from the exhaust of a scooter zipping across the page.
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一輛小摩托車噴出的尾氣
04:00
Here that same line of text wraps around a fountain
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這行字轉過了一座噴泉
04:06
in an illustration that can be turned upside down and read both ways.
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這幅畫正過來倒過去都可以
04:08
Maybe that line of text could be a story
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這行字可以是一個故事
04:11
to help give some human aspect to this.
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給這些圖添上一些人性的溫情
04:15
Maybe I should get away from this map completely,
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或許我應該拋開地圖
04:17
and really be honest about wanting to show you my favorite bits and pieces of Rome
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坦誠地展示我偏愛羅馬地哪些部分
04:19
and simply kick a soccer ball in the air --
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就這麽踢一腳球
04:21
which happens in so many of the squares in the city --
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就像羅馬許多廣場上能看到的一樣
04:23
and let it bounce off of things. And I'll simply explain
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讓它彈來彈去。而我來解釋
04:26
what each of those things is that the soccer ball hits.
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球彈到的不同東西。
04:28
That seemed like a sort of a cheap shot.
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看起來像是個彫蟲小技。
04:30
But even though I just started this presentation,
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可是儘管我剛剛開始這麽畫，
04:34
this is not the first thing that I tried to do
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這卻不是我嘗試的首個方案，
04:36
and I was getting sort of desperate.
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我有點急得饑不擇食了
04:37
Eventually, I realized that I had really no content that I could count on,
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最終我發現沒有什麽可以依賴的內容
04:40
so I decided to move towards packaging. (Laughter)
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就決定把注意力轉向包裝
04:43
I mean, it seems to work for a lot of things.
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對於許多小東西這招還是很管用的。
04:47
So I thought a little box set of four small books might do the trick.
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於是我想一個書箱裝四本小書的設計挺巧的
04:51
But one of the ideas that emerged
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但是後來產生的一個想法
04:53
from some of those sketches was the notion of traveling through Rome
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是坐在不同的交通工具上
04:57
in different vehicles at different speeds in order
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用不同的速度穿越羅馬。
05:00
to show the different aspects of Rome.
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展現羅馬城的各個角度
05:04
Sort of an overview of Rome and the plan that you might see from a dirigible.
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比如你在飛船上鳥瞰羅馬的景象
05:06
Quick snapshots of things you might see
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或者邊搶拍各種東西的照片
05:10
from a speeding motor scooter, and very slow
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邊在摩托車上飛馳，或者是慢慢看
05:12
walking through Rome, you might be able to study in more detail
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步行于羅馬，你能更為細緻入微地欣賞
05:15
some of the wonderful surfaces and whatnot that you come across.
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那些美妙的和難以用語言表達的東西
05:22
Anyways, I went back to the dirigible notion.
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無論怎麽樣，我回到了那個飛船的點子上
05:24
Went to Alberto Santos-Dumont.
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找了找航空先驅杜蒙的資料
05:27
Found one of his dirigibles that had enough dimensions
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找到了一個他設計的夠大的飛行器
05:29
so I could actually use it as a scale
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用它做一個標尺
05:31
that I would then juxtapose with some of the things in Rome.
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和羅馬城的東西放在一起，對比出它們的尺寸
05:35
This thing would be flying over or past
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飛船或者飛越或者從旁邊飛過
05:37
or be parked in front of, but it would be like having a ruler --
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或者停在它們前面，作用就像一把尺子
05:39
sort of travel through the pages without being a ruler.
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橫穿全書--儘管不是尺子。
05:42
Not that you know how long number 11 actually is,
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并不是要告訴你11號飛船有多長
05:44
but you would be able to compare number 11 against the Pantheon
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而是你能把它和萬神殿進行比較
05:48
with number 11 against the Baths of Caracalla,
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或者和卡拉卡拉浴場進行比較
05:51
and so on and so forth. If you were interested.
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等等，如果你樂意的話。
05:53
This is Beatrix. She has a dog named Ajax,
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這位是碧翠絲，他有只狗叫阿賈克斯。
05:56
she has purchased a dirigible -- a small dirigible --
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她買了一艘飛船，小型飛船
05:59
she's assembling the structure,
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她正在組裝各個部件。
06:02
Ajax is sniffing for holes in the balloon before they set off.
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阿贾克斯鑽進氣球用鼻子檢查有沒有漏洞
06:06
She launches this thing above the Spanish Steps
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她在西班牙階梯上起飛
06:09
and sets off for an aerial tour of the city.
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開始空中的環羅馬旅行
06:12
Over the Spanish Steps we go.
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我們就飛越了西班牙階梯
06:14
A nice way to show that river, that stream sort of pouring down the hill.
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這樣展示山丘上流淌下的河流、小溪真好
06:18
Unfortunately, just across the road from it
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不幸的是，路對面恰好就是
06:20
or quite close by is the Column of Marcus Aurelius,
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馬可·奧里略圓柱
06:23
and the diameter of the dirigible makes an impression,
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你現在知道飛船的直徑有多大了
06:28
as you can see, as she starts trying to read the story that spirals around
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正如你所見，她開始閱讀圓柱上環繞的故事
06:31
the Column of Marcus Aurelius -- gets a little too close, nudges it.
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靠得有點太近了，就碰了它一下
06:33
This gives me a chance to suggest to you the structure
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這個場景讓我能畫出
06:37
of the Column of Marcus Aurelius,
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馬可·奧里略圓柱的結構
06:39
which is really no more than a pile of quarters
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其實不比一堆25美分的硬幣高
06:41
high -- thick quarters. Over the Piazza of Saint Ignacio,
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又高又厚的硬幣，在圣依那爵廣場上空看來--
06:44
completely ruining the symmetry, but that aside
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整個毀了對稱感，可是除了這點--
06:48
a spectacular place to visit.
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是個非常棒的地方。
06:52
A spectacular framework, inside of which you see, usually,
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廣場是個非常棒的畫框，透過那里面，通常來說
06:57
extraordinary blue sky.
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你看到特別藍的天。
06:59
Over the Pantheon and the 26-foot diameter Oculus.
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在萬神殿和它直徑為26英尺的天孔上方
07:02
She parks her dirigible, lowers the anchor rope
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她停下飛船，放下纜繩
07:04
and climbs down for a closer look inside.
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爬下來近距離地觀察。
07:08
The text here is right side and upside down so that you are forced
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文字從右起，又是上下顛倒的，你不得不
07:11
to turn the book around, and you can see it from ground point of view
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把書倒過來，於是你能從地面的角度
07:14
and from her point of view -- looking in the hole,
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和她的角度，望向天孔
07:16
getting a different kind of perspective,
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這倒是种別樣的視角。
07:18
moving you around the space. Particularly appropriate in a building
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這讓你在空間中移動。而尤其適合
07:20
that can contain perfectly a sphere
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在一棟正好包含着球體的建築里，
07:24
dimensions of the diameter being the same
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直徑和尺度都和
07:26
as the distance from the center of the floor to the center of the Oculus.
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從地面的中心到天孔的中心的距離相等。
07:30
Unfortunately for her, the anchor line gets tangled
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有點不妙，纜繩纏在了
07:32
around the feet of some Boy Scouts who are visiting the Pantheon,
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一些正在參觀萬神殿的小孩子們的腳上
07:34
and they are immediately yanked out
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他們就立刻被拽了出去
07:36
and given an extraordinary but terrifying tour
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開始一段特別又驚險的觀光旅行
07:39
of some of the domes of Rome, which would,
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從他們的角度看來羅馬城的石拱
07:42
from their point of view, naturally be hanging upside down.
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自然而然就是上下顛倒的
07:44
They bail out as soon as they get to the top of Saint Ivo,
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他們一到達圣依華教堂就下船了，
07:49
that little spiral structure you see there.
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就是那個螺旋形的結構
07:51
She continues on her way over Piazza Navona.
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她則繼續遊覽到了那佛那廣場
07:55
Notices a lot of activity at the Tre Scalini restaurant,
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在Tres Palini飯館看到一大群人
07:57
is reminded that it is lunchtime and she's hungry.
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這提醒她該吃午飯了，她也餓了
07:59
They keep on motoring towards the Campo de' Fiori,
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他們繼續向鮮花廣場行駛
08:03
which they soon reach. Ajax the dog is put in a basket
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很快就到了。小狗阿賈克斯被放在籃子里
08:05
and lowered with a list of food into the marketplace,
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吊下來，隨身帶了張食品採購清單就進入了市場
08:08
which flourishes there until about one in the afternoon,
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市場一直紅火到下午一點
08:10
and then is completely removed
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隨後就一溜煙地收攤了
08:12
and doesn't appear again until six or seven the following morning.
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直到第二天六、七點才會回來。
08:15
Anyway, the pooch gets back to the dirigible with the stuff.
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還別說，小狗還真把東西帶回了飛船。
08:20
Unfortunately, when she goes to unwrap the prosciutto,
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不幸的是當她撕開火腿包裝的時候，
08:24
Ajax makes a lunge for it.
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阿賈克斯撲了上來
08:26
She's managed to save the prosciutto,
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最終火腿倒是得救了，
08:28
but in the process she loses the tablecloth,
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可是搏斗過程中桌布掉了下去
08:31
which you can see flying away in the upper left-hand corner.
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你看它飄到左上角去了。
08:35
They continue without their tablecloth,
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他們決定乾脆就不要桌布了吧。
08:37
looking for a place to land this thing so that they can actually have lunch.
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於是想要找個地方降落吃午飯
08:39
They eventually discover a huge wall
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最后發現了一堵巨墻
08:41
that's filled with small holes, ideal for docking a dirigible
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上面都是小洞，用來停泊非常挺理想的
08:45
because you've got a place to tie up.
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因為你有地方繫繩子
08:47
Turns out to be the exterior wall --
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回頭發現那居然是
08:50
that part of it that remains -- of the Coliseum,
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羅馬競技場殘留的外牆。
08:52
so they park themselves there and have a terrific lunch
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他們就在此停船，飽餐一頓
08:54
and have a spectacular view.
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順便欣賞美景。
08:55
At the end of lunch, they untie the anchor, they set off
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吃過了飯，他們又起錨出發了
08:59
through the Baths of Caracalla and over the walls of the city
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穿過卡拉卡拉浴場，飛越了城墻
09:03
and then an abandoned gatehouse
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從一個廢棄的樓門裏面橫貫而過。
09:05
and decide to take one more look at the Pyramid of Cestius,
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接著又要去看一眼賽斯提烏斯的金字塔
09:09
which has this lightning rod on top.
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它頂上插了桿避雷針。
09:12
Unfortunately, that's a problem: they get a little too close,
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這時麻煩來了：他們靠得有點太近了--
09:14
and when you're in a dirigible
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開飛船的時候
09:16
you have to be very careful about spikes.
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切記要小心尖頭物體。
09:18
So that sort of brings her little story to a conclusion.
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她的小故事看來要告一段落了。
09:21
Marcello, on the other hand, is sort of a lazy guy,
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另一個人，馬爾切洛大概是個懶漢，
09:24
but he's not due at work until about noon.
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不過他中午才需要去上班。
09:28
So, the alarm goes off and it's five to 12 or so.
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鬧鐘響的時候已經11點55分左右了。
09:31
He gets up, leaps onto his scooter, races through the city
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他就起床，上車，揚長而去
09:34
past the church of Santa Maria della Pace,
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駛過和平聖母教堂，
09:37
down the alleys, through the streets
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過街穿巷
09:40
that tourists may be wandering through,
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從遊人身邊掠過。
09:42
disturbing the quiet backstreet life of Rome at every turn.
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每次上班都把羅馬靜謐的後街生活完全打亂。
09:46
That speed with which he is moving, I hope I have suggested in this little image,
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我希望這幅圖能表現這個傢伙的速度--
09:50
which, again, can be turned around and read from both sides
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又是一張正著倒著都能看的圖，
09:53
because there's text on the bottom and text on the top,
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因為下面上面都有字
09:57
one of which is upside down in this image.
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而有一邊的字是倒著印刷的。
09:59
So, he keeps on moving, approaching an unsuspecting waiter
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他一路向前，接近了一個毫不知情的侍者
10:03
who is trying to deliver two plates of linguine
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他正端著兩碟子扁麵條
10:07
in a delicate white wine clam sauce
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澆了种精緻的白葡萄酒蛤蜊醬汁
10:10
to diners who are sitting at a table just outside of a restaurant in the street.
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他正走向酒店靠近街邊座位上的客人。
10:13
Waiter catches on, but it's too late.
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侍者反應過來了，不過為時已晚。
10:15
And Marcello keeps moving in his scooter.
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馬爾切洛一往無前。
10:19
Everything he sees from this point on is slightly affected by the linguine,
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從現在起他看到的一切都跟麵條搭上了點小關系。
10:23
but keeps on moving because this guy's got a job to do.
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不過還得繼續走，上班要緊。
10:25
Removes some scaffolding. One of the reasons
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一路上拆了些腳手架--它們是
10:27
Rome remains the extraordinary place it is that
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羅馬依然保留著獨特風韻的原因：
10:30
because of scaffolding and the determination
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人們的修繕施工以及保護
10:33
to maintain the fabric, it is a city that continues
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城市規劃結構的決心。羅馬繼續成長
10:36
to grow and adapt to the needs of the particular time
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來適應不同時代的需要
10:39
in which it finds itself, or we find it.
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它自覺地如此，我們也加以推動。
10:41
Right through the Piazza della Rotonda,
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你看他橫穿羅通達廣場，
10:44
in front of the Pantheon -- again wreaking havoc -- and finally getting to work.
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在萬神殿前弄得一陣雞飛狗跳，終於到了。
10:47
Marcello, as it turns out,
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我們發現馬爾切洛
10:49
is the driver of the number 64 bus,
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是64路巴士的司機。
10:52
and if you've been on the number 64 bus, you know
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如果你坐過64路巴士你就會知道
10:54
that it's driven with the same kind of exuberance
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這巴士開得
10:57
as Marcello demonstrated on his scooter.
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跟馬爾切洛的摩托車一個德性。
11:00
And finally Carletto. You see his apartment in the upper left-hand corner.
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最后是卡爾萊託--他的公寓在左上角
11:03
He's looking at his table;
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他正凝視著桌子。
11:05
he's planning to propose this evening to his girlfriend of 40 years, (Laughter)
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今晚要向他談了40年的女友求婚
11:08
and he wants it to be perfect.
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他希望一切都做得盡善盡美
11:12
He's got candles out, he's got flowers in the middle
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他擺開了蠟燭，放好了鮮花
11:15
and he's trying to figure out where to put the plates and the glasses.
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正想著該把杯盤放在哪裡。
11:17
But he's not happy; something's wrong.
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可是他並不開心--還缺點什麽。
11:20
The phone rings anyway, he's called to the palazzo.
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電話響了--叫他去palazzo。
11:22
He saunters -- he saunters at a good clip,
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他快步走去
11:26
but as compared to all the traveling we've just seen, he's sauntering.
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不過跟馬爾切洛相比，他簡直是在晃蕩。
11:28
Everybody knows Carletto, because he's in entertainment,
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卡爾萊託真是無人不曉：他是娛樂界的--
11:31
actually; he's in television.
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準確地説，是搞電視的。
11:33
He's actually in television repair, which is why people know him.
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大家都認識他是因為他負責修電視。
11:38
So they all have his number.
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每個人都有他的電話號碼。
11:40
He arrives at the palazzo, arrives at the big front door.
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終於到了，他來到大門那裏
11:43
Enters the courtyard and talks to the custodian,
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走進院子，和看門人聊了起來
11:46
who tells him that there's been a disaster in the palazzo;
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看門人説樓裏出了大事
11:51
nobody's TVs are working
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電視機全都壞了
11:53
and there's a big soccer game coming up,
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可是即將有一場足球大賽
11:55
and the crowd is getting a little restless and a little nervous.
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大家都按耐不住，怕錯過了比賽。
11:58
He goes down to the basement and starts to check the wiring,
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於是他下到地下室檢查電線
12:01
and then gradually works his way up to the top of the building,
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從那兒一路檢查到樓頂，
12:04
apartment by apartment, checking every television,
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挨家挨戶地檢查每一台電視機
12:06
checking every connection,
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一台一台地檢查
12:08
hoping to find out what this problem is.
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想找出問題的所在
12:10
He works his way up, finally, the grand staircase
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他一直往上查，終於到了主樓梯
12:13
and then a smaller staircase until he reaches the attic.
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然後爬上了一個小些的樓梯，來到了閣樓
12:16
He opens the window of the attic, of course, and there's a tablecloth
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打開閣樓的窗戶，居然，有張桌布
12:19
wrapped around the building's television antenna.
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掛在整個樓的電視信號接收天線上。
12:21
He removes it, the problems are solved,
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他把桌布拿掉，問題就解決了
12:23
everybody in the palazzo is happy.
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樓裏的每個人都很開心。
12:26
And of course, he also solves his own problem.
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並且他也解決了自己的問題。
12:28
All he has to do now, with a perfect table,
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桌子布置好了以後，他現在要做的
12:30
is wait for her to arrive.
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就是等她出現。
12:33
That was the first attempt, but it didn't seem substantial enough
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這是我的第一個嘗試，不過好像份量還不夠
12:36
to convey whatever it was I wanted to convey about Rome.
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傳達我想表達的對羅馬的理解
12:40
So I thought, well, I'll just do piazzas,
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所以我想，好吧，我就先畫廣場，
12:43
and I'll get inside and underneath
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然後鑽進去、挖下去
12:45
and I'll show these things growing
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展示那些深層中發展著的
12:46
and show why they're shaped the way they are and so on.
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塑造了這座城市的力量。
12:48
And then I thought, that's too complicated. No,
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後來我又覺得太復雜了。不行。
12:50
I'll just take my favorite bits and pieces
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我暫且用我最喜歡的那些地方
12:52
and I'll put them inside the Pantheon but keep the scale,
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把它們畫到萬神殿裡去，保持原有尺寸
12:56
so you can see the top of Sant'Ivo and the Pyramid of Cestius
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你就能看到圣依沃堂和賽斯提烏斯金字塔
12:58
and the Tempietto of Bramante all side by side in this amazing space.
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還有布拉曼特的小禮拜堂的尖頂，都在這裏並列。
13:01
Now that's one drawing,
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這又是一幅畫。
13:05
so I thought maybe it's time for Piranesi to meet Escher. (Laughter)
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呵呵，我想也許是時候讓皮拉內西見見埃爾舍了。
13:09
You see that I'm beginning to really lose control here
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其實你看我有點控制不住作品的走向了，
13:12
and also hope.
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信心也隨之減退。
13:15
There's a very thin blue line of exhaust
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而有一縷藍色的煙氣
13:18
that sort of runs through this thing that would be kind of the trail that holds it all together.
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仿佛是貫穿整書的線索，把一切串在了一起。
13:21
Then I thought, "Wait a minute, what am I doing?"
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我突然意識到：等等，我在幹嘛呢？
13:22
A book is not only a neat way of collecting and storing information,
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書不光是積存信息的便捷工具
13:26
it's a series of layers.
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它還是一系列的層次。
13:28
I mean, you always peel one layer off another;
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你總是一層層地剝開來--
13:31
we think of them as pages, doing it a certain way.
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一頁頁書，某種程度上是在“剝”。
13:34
But think of them as layers. I mean, Rome is a place of layers --
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想象那些層次。羅馬是個有層次地地方--
13:38
horizontal layers, vertical layers --
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橫向地層次，縱向地層次。
13:40
and I thought, well just peeling off a page would allow me to --
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而我想，如果“剝”開一頁書就能--
13:42
if I got you thinking about it the right way --
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如果你跟著我地思路--
13:45
would allow me to sort of show you the depth of layers.
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就能展示出這些層次地深度就好了
13:47
The stucco on the walls of most of the buildings in Rome
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羅馬的大多數建築用牆面的灰泥
13:50
covers the scars; the scars of centuries of change
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把許多個世紀的傷痕遮掩了
13:55
as these structures have been adapted
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這些建築一直在改變用途
13:58
rather than being torn down.
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而不是被拆掉
14:00
If I do a foldout page on the left-hand side
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如果我在左半頁做一個摺疊頁，
14:04
and let you just unfold it, you see behind it what I mean by scar tissue.
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你把它打開，就看見了所謂傷口下面的組織。
14:07
You can see that in 1635,
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比如說在1635年的一層，你就能看到
14:10
it became essential to make smaller windows
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把窗戶改小的重要性
14:12
because the bad guys were coming or whatever.
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因為壞人們要來了，或者是別的什麽原因。
14:16
Adaptations all get buried under the stucco.
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這些變化都埋藏在了表面的灰泥之下。
14:19
I could peel out a page of this palazzo to show you what's going on inside of it.
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我只要剝掉這棟樓的一層你就知道裏面發生了什麽
14:23
But more importantly, I could also show you
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可是更重要的是，這還能告訴你
14:25
what it looks like at the corner of one of those magnificent buildings
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那些雄偉建築的角落裡都有些什麽
14:29
with all the massive stone blocks,
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這麽些巨大的石塊--
14:31
or the fake stone blocks done with brick and stucco,
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以及磚頭和灰泥冒充的假石塊，
14:34
which is more often the case.
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它們可是更加常見。
14:36
So it becomes slightly three-dimensional.
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所以這書就有點3D了。
14:39
I could take you down one of those narrow little streets
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我能把你從一條窄街上
14:41
into one of those surprising piazzas by using a double gate fold --
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送進一個豁然開朗的廣場，用個雙扇摺疊就可以了。
14:44
double foldout page -- which, if you were like me
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雙扇摺疊頁--如果你和我一樣
14:47
reading a pop-up book as a child, you hopefully stick your head into.
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小時候喜歡讀這種立體書--你恐怕想把頭伸進去
14:51
You wrap the pages around your head
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把頭埋在書裡
14:53
and are in that piazza for that brief period of time.
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那一刻你就置身於廣場上了。
14:56
And I've really not done anything much more complicated
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我實在沒有做什麽更複雜的東西了
14:58
than make foldout pages.
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摺疊頁已經是最複雜的了
15:00
But then I thought, maybe I could be simpler here.
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不過接著我想，我或許可以簡單一點
15:02
Let's look at the Pantheon and the Piazza della Rotonda in front of it.
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我們來看看萬神殿和前面的羅通達廣場
15:06
Here's a book completely wide open.
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這是完全攤開的一本書。
15:08
OK, if I don't open the book the whole way,
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要不是我把書整個打開，
15:10
if I just open it 90 degrees, we're looking down the front of the Pantheon,
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要是我只翻開九十度，我們就在俯視萬神殿的正面。
15:16
and we're looking sort of at the top, more or less down on the square.
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仿佛是從天上往下看廣場。
15:19
And if I turn the book the other way,
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如果我把書換一個方嚮
15:21
we're looking across the square at the front of the Pantheon.
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我們的視線就穿過廣場看到萬神殿的正面
15:23
No foldouts, no tricks --
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沒有摺疊，沒有什麽把戲--
15:25
just a book that isn't open the whole way.
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只是本沒完全打開的書。
15:27
That seemed promising. I thought, maybe I'll do it inside
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我覺得這個不錯，值得試一試
15:29
and I can even combine the foldouts with the only partially opened book.
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甚至可以和摺疊頁結合起來使用。
15:33
So we get inside the Pantheon
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於是我們進入了萬神殿內部
15:35
and it grows and so on and so forth.
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書就這麽擴展著，延續著。
15:37
And I thought, maybe I'm on the right track,
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我猜我可能走對路了，
15:39
but it sort of lost its human quality.
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只是原來的人情味丟了
15:41
So I went back to the notion of story,
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所以我回到故事的表現方式
15:43
which is always a good thing to have if you're trying to get people
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要是想讓別人集中注意
15:45
to pay attention to a book and pick up information along the way.
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讀你的書，同時又能學到東西，講故事這個方法不錯。
15:49
"Pigeon's Progress" struck me as a catchy title.
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突然想到《鴿子之旅》是個好標題
15:51
If it was a homing pigeon,
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如果這是一隻回家的鴿子
15:52
it would be called "Homer's Odyssey."
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書名應該叫《荷馬的奧德修紀》
15:54
But it was the journey of the ... (Laughter)
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不過這是它的旅行--（笑）
15:56
I mean, if a title works, use it. But it would be a journey that went through Rome
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題目管用的話，就是它了。這將會是一次穿越羅馬之旅
15:59
and showed all the things that I like about Rome.
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把我喜愛的羅馬的一些展示出來。
16:02
It's a pigeon sitting on top of a church.
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就是這隻教堂頂上的鴿子
16:04
Goes off during the day and does normal pigeon stuff. Comes back,
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白天飛走，做做鴿子該做的事，再飛回來--
16:06
the whole place is covered with scaffolding and green netting
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腳手架和綠色防護網把家封死了。
16:09
and there's no way this pigeon can get home.
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沒轍，回不了家了
16:11
So it's a homeless pigeon now
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成了流浪鴿。
16:14
and it's going to have to find another place to live,
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於是它必須找個新家。
16:16
and that allows me to go through my catalog of favorite things,
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這給了我機會畫出我鍾愛的那些地標。
16:18
and we start with the tall ones and so on.
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我們從較高的那些開始
16:20
Maybe it has to go back and live with family members;
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不過有可能它還是得回家和家人團聚--
16:22
that's not always a good thing,
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不過這不一定是好事。
16:24
but it does sort of bring pigeons together again.
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這樣鴿子們又在一起了。
16:27
And I thought, that's sort of interesting,
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我就想：這有點意思
16:29
but maybe there's a person who should be involved in this in some way.
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可是應該有個人也來參與一下。
16:32
So I kind of came up with this old guy
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我就虛構了這個老傢伙
16:36
who spends his life looking after sick pigeons.
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一輩子都用來照顧生病的鴿子
16:38
He'll go anywhere to get them -- dangerous places and whatnot --
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他訪遍各個角落尋找病鴿子。危險的地方也在所不辭。
16:41
and they become really friends with this guy,
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鴿子們和他成了朋友，
16:45
and learn to do tricks for him and entertain him at lunchtime and stuff like that.
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也學會了在午飯的時候做些把戲逗他玩。
16:48
There's a real bond that develops
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漸漸就產生了真摯的感情
16:50
between this old man and these pigeons.
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人与鴿子的友誼。
16:52
But unfortunately he gets sick. He gets really sick at the end of the story.
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不幸的是老人病了，病的很重。
16:56
He's taught them to spell his name, which is Aldo.
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他曾經教鴿子們拼他的名字Aldo
16:59
They show up one day after three or four days of not seeing him --
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它們在三四天沒見著他之後就去找他。
17:03
he lives in this little garret --
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他住在一個小閣樓上。
17:06
and they spell his name and fly around.
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鴿子們繞著圈子拼出他的名字。
17:09
And he finally gets enough strength together
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他也終於有了點精神
17:12
to climb up the ladder onto the roof,
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順著梯子爬到了房頂上
17:15
and all the pigeons, a la Red Balloon, are there waiting for him
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所有的鴿子都在那兒等著他，就像《紅氣球》里拍的一樣
17:17
and they carry him off over the walls of the city.
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它們帶著他飛走了，飛過城墻。
17:20
And I forgot to mention this:
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過去他每次--這點我忘記說了
17:22
whenever he lost a pigeon, he would take that pigeon
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每次死了一隻鴿子的時候，他就把它
17:24
out beyond the walls of the city.
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送到城墻外面去。
17:26
In the old Roman custom, the dead
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在羅馬的老傳統里，去世的人
17:28
were never buried within the walls.
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從來不埋在城墻之內。
17:30
And I thought that's a really cheery story.
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這真是個讓人高興的故事。
17:32
(Laughter). That's really going to go a long way.
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（笑）現在這本書進展了不少
17:36
So anyway, I went through ... And again, if packaging doesn't work
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不管怎麼說，我總算是想通了。如果説包裝並不起作用
17:39
and if the stories aren't going anywhere,
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而講故事才是正道
17:41
I just come up with titles
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書名也該有點效果。
17:43
and hope that a title will sort of kick me off in the right direction.
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我希望書的標題能來一個完美的開局
17:46
And sometimes it does focus me enough
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而它也真的讓我花了不少功夫
17:48
and I'll even do a title page.
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我還得設計一個標題頁。
17:52
So, these are all title pages that eventually led me
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這一頁頁零碎的畫面最終把我
17:55
to the solution I settled on, which is the story of a young woman
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引向了答案：這是一個年輕女人的故事
17:58
who sends a message on a homing pigeon --
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她用回巢的信鴿送了一封信--
18:01
she lives outside the walls of the city of Rome -- to someone in the city.
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她住在羅馬城外--要把信稍給城里的一個人。
18:03
And the pigeon is flying down above the Appian Way here.
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信鴿沿著阿庇安公路上空飛過。
18:07
You can see the tombs and pines and so on and so forth along the way.
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你能看到古墓、松柏和其它的林林總總。
18:11
If you see the red line,
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如果你看見那條紅線，
18:12
you are seeing the trail of the pigeon;
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那就是鴿子的飛行軌跡
18:13
if you don't see the red line, you are the pigeon.
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你看不見紅線的時候，你就是那隻鴿子。
18:16
And it becomes necessary and possible, at this point,
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此時讓讀者身臨其境
18:19
to try to convey what that sense would be like
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既是必須的又很可行
18:22
of flying over the city without actually moving.
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像這樣足不離地就能飛越城市。
18:24
Past the Pyramid of Cestius --
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過了賽斯提烏斯金字塔--
18:27
these will seem very familiar to you, even if you haven't been to Rome recently --
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哪怕你最近沒去過羅馬這些都會很熟悉。
18:31
past the gatehouse.
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過了門樓
18:33
This is something that's a little bit unusual.
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有一點倒是挺奇怪的
18:35
This pigeon does something that most homing pigeons do not do:
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這隻鴿子做了一件其它鴿子歸巢時不做的事：
18:38
it takes the scenic route, (Laughter) which was a device
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它選擇了一條觀光路線。這個設計
18:40
that I felt was necessary to actually extend this book
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用來把書延長四頁
18:43
beyond about four pages.
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再好不過額。
18:45
So, we circle around the Coliseum, past the Church of Santa Maria in Cosmedin
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於是我們環繞羅馬競技場一周，飛過希臘聖母堂
18:51
and the Temple of Hercules towards the river.
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和海格力斯神殿，向台伯河飛去
18:55
We almost collide with the cornice of the Palazzo Farnese --
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差點撞上法尼榭宮的飛簷
18:58
designed by Michelangelo,
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這是米開朗基羅的大作，
19:01
built of stone taken from the Coliseum -- narrow escape.
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是用羅馬競技場拆下來的石頭建的。好險啊！
19:04
We swoop down over the Campo de' Fiori.
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然後我們俯瞰鮮花廣場
19:08
This is one of those things I show to my students
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我很樂意地把這個給我的學生們看
19:10
because it's a complete bastardization --
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因為這完全是瞎胡鬧--
19:12
a denial of any rules of perspective.
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把所有地透視法都拋在腦後
19:16
The only rule of perspective that I think matters is
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而我認為唯一重要的透視法就是
19:18
if it looks believable, you've succeeded.
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只要看上去可信，你就成功了。
19:21
But you try and figure out where the vanishing points meet here;
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不過你要是硬要找消失點在哪兒
19:23
a couple are on Mars and
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有些恐怕在火星上，還有別的--
19:25
a couple of others in Cremona.
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別的幾個--跑到克雷莫納地區了。
19:28
But into the piazza in front of Santa Maria della Pace,
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鴿子進入廣場，飛到和平聖母堂前面
19:31
where invariably a soccer game is going on,
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這兒任何時候都有球賽上演
19:33
and we're hit by a soccer ball.
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我們就不幸中彈
19:35
Now this is a terrible illustration of being hit by a soccer ball.
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這個是我被足球擊中的景象，畫得很差
19:38
I have all the pieces:
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我畫上了它的各個部分。
19:40
there's Santa Maria della Pace, there's a soccer ball,
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和平聖母堂，足球，
19:42
there's a little bit of a bird's wing -- nothing's happening,
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鳥翅膀的一小部分。沒感覺
19:44
so I had to rethink it.
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得重新來。
19:48
And if you do want to see Santa Maria della Pace,
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如果你想看清楚很平聖母堂--
19:51
these books are really flexible, incredibly interactive --
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像這樣的書很靈活，很方面互動--
19:53
just turn it around and look at it the other way.
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只要把它掉個個，從另一面看
19:55
Through the alley, we can see the impact is captured in the red line.
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穿過巷子，你能看見撞擊的效果體現在紅線上。
19:59
And then bird manages to pull itself together past this medieval tower --
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然後鴿子在中世紀的塔樓上空調整了過來--
20:05
one of the few remaining medieval towers --
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為數不多現存的中世紀塔樓了--
20:09
towards the church of Sant'Agnese
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然後它飛向了--名字怎麽忘了--聖依諾斯蒙難堂
20:12
and around the dome looking down into Piazza Navona --
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轉過俯瞰那佛那廣場的圓頂
20:14
which we've already mentioned and seen and flown over a couple of times;
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我們已經見過這裏了。
20:17
there's the Bernini statue of the Four Rivers --
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這是皮拉內西的四條河流的彫塑。
20:21
and then past the wonderful Borromini Sant'Ivo,
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接著是博羅米諾絕妙的聖依華堂。
20:26
stopping just long enough on the 26-foot diameter Oculus
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在萬神殿直徑為26英尺的天孔上停下休息
20:29
of the Pantheon to catch our breath.
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剛好能喘口氣來休息一下。
20:31
And then we can swoop inside and around; and because we're flying,
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接著，我們在殿內盤旋，因為是在飛
20:33
we don't really have to worry about gravity at this particular moment in time,
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此時就不用擔心重力了，
20:35
so this drawing can be oriented in any way on the page.
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這幅圖的朝向可以隨心所欲。
20:40
We get a little exuberant as we pass Gesu;
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飛過耶穌堂的時候讓人開心起來--
20:44
it's not surprising to sort of mimic the architecture in this way.
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它如此模仿這個建築並不令人奇怪。
20:47
Past the wonderful wall filled with the juxtaposition that I was talking about;
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飛過一堵牆，它充滿著我前面提到的“古今並力”的風味
20:52
beautiful carvings set into the walls above the neon "Ristorante" sign, and so on.
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霓虹燈的“飯館”招牌上方就是些漂亮雕刻。
20:56
And eventually, we arrive at the courtyard of the palazzo,
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終於我們來到了palazzo的前庭
20:58
which is our destination.
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也就是目的地。
21:00
Straight up through the courtyard
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鴿子穿過庭院，
21:02
into a little window into the attic,
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飛進窗戶，飛上閣樓
21:05
where somebody is working at the drawing board.
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有個人正在畫板上畫畫。
21:08
He removes the message from the leg of the bird; this is what it says.
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他從鴿子腿上把紙條拆下來。紙條是這麽寫的
21:10
As we look at the drawing board,
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我們看到了那個畫板
21:13
we see what he's working on is, in fact,
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上面畫著的其實就是
21:15
a map of the journey that the pigeon has just taken,
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鴿子飛行的軌跡圖，
21:17
and the red line extends through all the sights.
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紅線串聯起沿途的地標。
21:19
And if you want the information, so that we complete this cycle of understanding,
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如果你想了解更多，給你的虛擬旅途畫上句號
21:22
all you have to do is read these paragraphs.
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只需要讀讀書後面的這些段落。
21:25
Thank you very much.
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非常感謝。
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
David Macaulay - IllustratorDavid Macaulay gets under the skins of skyscrapers, mosques, pyramids, subways, and a host of other ancient and modern marvels. His lavish and micro-detailed renderings expose the world's secret engineering to dazzled readers of all ages.
Why you should listen
David Macaulay's exploratory renderings of architectural marvels throughout history have captivated children and adults alike. With crystal clear drawings and insightful text, Macaulay takes his readers inside these structures, illuminating not just the engineering prowess of the builders, but also their daily lives -- from the rulers and engineers down to the peasants hauling the bricks.
Among Macaulay's many awards is a Caldecott Medal for his book Black and White. He has produced an acclaimed 5-part PBS series (and companion book) Building Big, which reveals the engineering wonders of the biggest of the big. His classic work The Way Things Work (and its new edition, The New Way Things Work), was on the New York Times bestseller list for 50 weeks. He is an illustration instructor at his alma mater, the Rhode Island Institute of Design.
Browse this great collection of Macaulay links from a MetaFilter thread (thanks, user MonkeyToes!).
David Macaulay | Speaker | TED.com