ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Catherine Mohr - Roboticist
Catherine Mohr loves what she does -- she's just not ever sure what it will be next.

Why you should listen

An engineer turned surgeon turned strategist, Catherine Mohr is always on the lookout for new technologies to help improve patient outcomes while trying to stay in her sweet spot -- the steep part of the learning curve.

As VP of Strategy for Intuitive Surgical in Silicon Valley, faculty at Singularity University and advisor to med-tech startups in the UK, the US and her native New Zealand, Mohr follows her self-admittedly geeky passions wherever they lead her, as she designs, makes, writes, tinkers, plays and travels all over the world.

More profile about the speaker
Catherine Mohr | Speaker | TED.com
TED2010

Catherine Mohr: The tradeoffs of building green

凱薩琳‧摩爾談蓋綠房子

Filmed:
869,389 views

凱薩琳‧摩爾在TED U的這場演講,簡短有趣,資料豐富。蓋一間新的綠房子,會遇到什麼奇怪的問題?凱薩琳‧摩爾和我們分享了她的經驗,以實際的耗能數據佐證,不打高空。什麼是最重要的決定?答案和你想的可能不一樣。
- Roboticist
Catherine Mohr loves what she does -- she's just not ever sure what it will be next. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:16
First of all, I'm a geek極客.
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首先,我是個怪胎。
00:19
I'm an organic有機 food-eating食品吃,
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我是個熱衷生機飲食,
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carbon footprint-minimizing足跡最小化, robotic機器人 surgery手術 geek極客.
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對碳足跡斤斤計較,用機器人動外科手術的怪胎。
00:24
And I really want to build建立 green綠色,
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我真的想蓋綠建築,
00:27
but I'm very suspicious可疑
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但對那些出於一番好意的文章,
00:29
of all of these well-meaning善意 articles用品,
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心裏又很懷疑,
00:31
people long on moral道德 authority權威
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通篇的大道理,
00:33
and short on data數據,
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提供的資料卻很少,
00:35
telling告訴 me how to do these kinds of things.
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不能告訴我遇到狀況該怎麼辦。
00:37
And so I have to figure數字 this out for myself.
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所以我只好自己找答案。
00:39
For example: Is this evil邪惡?
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比方說:這樣做錯了嗎?
00:42
I have dropped下降 a blobBLOB of organic有機 yogurt酸奶
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我把一沱由健康快樂的本地乳牛
00:45
from happy快樂 self-actualized自我現實化 local本地 cows奶牛
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所生產的有機優格,
00:47
on my counter計數器 top最佳,
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滴到桌上了。
00:49
and I grab a paper towel毛巾 and I want to wipe擦拭 it up.
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我抓了張紙巾,想把它擦掉。
00:52
But can I use a paper towel毛巾? (Laughter笑聲)
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但是,我可以用紙巾嗎?(笑聲)
00:55
The answer回答 to this can be found發現 in embodied體現 energy能源.
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答案是,要看它的內含耗能。
00:58
This is the amount of energy能源 that goes into
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也就是進入到紙巾當中的
01:00
any paper towel毛巾 or embodied體現 water,
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內含耗能或內含水量。
01:02
and every一切 time I use a paper towel毛巾,
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我每用一張紙巾,
01:04
I am using運用 this much
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也就等於會用掉這麼多的
01:06
virtual虛擬 energy能源 and water.
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耗能和水。
01:08
Wipe擦拭 it up, throw it away.
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擦乾淨,然後丟掉。
01:10
Now, if I compare比較 that to a cotton towel毛巾
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現在,拿棉布來比一比。
01:13
that I can use a thousand times,
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棉布可以用一千次,
01:15
I don't have a whole整個 lot of embodied體現 energy能源
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沒有大量的內含耗能問題,
01:18
until直到 I wash that yogurtyyogurty towel毛巾.
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直到我把沾滿優格的布拿去洗。
01:20
This is now operating操作 energy能源.
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現在,來看看操作耗能。
01:23
So if I throw my towel毛巾 in the washing洗滌 machine,
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如果我把棉布丟進洗衣機,
01:25
I've now put energy能源 and water
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我就把這些耗能和水
01:27
back into that towel毛巾 ...
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加進那條棉布裏,
01:29
unless除非 I use a front-loading前裝, high-efficiency高效率 washing洗滌 machine, (Laughter笑聲)
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除非我用的是前置式高效能洗衣機,
01:31
and then it looks容貌 a little bit better.
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那情況會稍微好一點。
01:34
But what about a recycled回收 paper towel毛巾
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如果是回收紙巾呢?
01:36
that comes in those little half sheets床單?
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像這樣小小張的回收紙巾?
01:38
Well, now a paper towel毛巾 looks容貌 better.
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嗯,回收紙巾好像比較好。
01:40
Screw the paper towels毛巾. Let's go to a sponge海綿.
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把紙巾丟到一邊。來看看海綿吧!
01:42
I wipe擦拭 it up with a sponge海綿, and I put it under the running賽跑 water,
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我用海綿擦,然後拿到水龍頭下沖洗,
01:45
and I have a lot less energy能源 and a lot more water.
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結果,耗能大減,但用水量大增,
01:47
Unless除非 you're like me and you leave離開 the handle處理
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除非你和我一樣,打開水龍頭時
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in the position位置 of hot even when you turn it on,
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把把手轉到熱水的位置,
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and then you start開始 to use more energy能源.
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這樣,耗能就會開始增加,
01:53
Or worse更差, you let it run until直到 it's warm
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更糟的是,你讓水一直流,直到水變熱
01:55
to rinse沖洗 out your towel毛巾.
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才開始沖洗。
01:57
And now all bets賭注 are off.
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結果,之前全都白忙一場。
01:59
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
02:01
So what this says is that
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所以,我要說的就是
02:03
sometimes有時 the things that you least最小 expect期望 --
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有時候,你沒想到的事情
02:06
the position位置 in which哪一個 you put the handle處理 --
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比如手龍頭把手的位置,
02:08
have a bigger effect影響 than any of those other things
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比起其他你努力想改善的東西,
02:10
that you were trying to optimize優化.
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作用更大。
02:12
Now imagine想像 someone有人 as twisted扭曲 as me
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現在,想像有個人和我一樣怪
02:14
trying to build建立 a house.
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想蓋房子。
02:16
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
02:19
That's what my husband丈夫 and I are doing right now.
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這就是我先生和我現在在做的事。
02:22
And so, we wanted to know, how green綠色 could we be?
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所以囉,我們想知道我們能做到多「綠」。
02:24
And there's a thousand and one articles用品 out there
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外面大概有一千零一篇文章
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telling告訴 us how to make all these green綠色 trade-offs權衡.
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在談綠色代價與取捨的問題。
02:28
And they are just as suspect疑似
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這些文章也不太可靠,
02:30
in telling告訴 us to optimize優化 these little things around the edges邊緣
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講了很多如何優化一些瑣碎的小事,
02:33
and missing失踪 the elephant in the living活的 room房間.
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卻沒看到客廳裏有頭大象。
02:35
Now, the average平均 house
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現在,我們來看一般的房子
02:37
has about 300 megawatt兆瓦 hours小時
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其中大約有300千瓦小時的
02:40
of embodied體現 energy能源 in it;
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內含耗能。
02:42
this is the energy能源 it takes to make it --
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也就是蓋這個房子需用到的耗能。
02:44
millions百萬 and millions百萬 of paper towels毛巾.
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相當於好幾百萬張的紙巾。
02:46
We wanted to know how much better we could do.
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我們想知道,怎樣可以做得更好。
02:49
And so, like many許多 people,
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所以,和很多人一樣,
02:51
we start開始 with a house on a lot,
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我們從地上的一棟房子開始。
02:53
and I'm going to show顯示 you a typical典型 construction施工 on the top最佳
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畫面上方你會看到一般的建築。
02:55
and what we're doing on the bottom底部.
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畫面下方則是我們在做的事。
02:57
So first, we demolish拆除 it.
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首先,我們拆掉房子。
02:59
It takes some energy能源, but if you deconstruct解構 it --
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這會增加一些耗能,不過如果你是用拆解的方式,
03:02
you take it all apart距離, you use the bits --
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把房子解體,並利用這些材料,
03:04
you can get some of that energy能源 back.
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你就可以減少一些耗能。
03:06
We then dug a big hole
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接著,我們挖個大洞
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to put in a rainwater雨水 catchment集水 tank坦克
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來放雨水貯留槽
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to take our yard water independent獨立.
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這樣院子就有獨立的供水。
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And then we poured a big foundation基礎
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然後,我們灌地基,
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for passive被動 solar太陽能.
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安放被動式太陽能系統。
03:16
Now, you can reduce減少 the embodied體現 energy能源
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再來,你可以讓內含耗能
03:18
by about 25 percent百分
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減少約25%
03:20
by using運用 high fly ash concrete具體.
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如果你採用高飛灰量混凝土的話。
03:23
We then put in framing取景.
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再來,我們搭建結構。
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And so this is framing取景 -- lumber木料,
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這就是房子的結構、木材、
03:27
composite綜合 materials物料 --
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複合材料,
03:29
and it's kind of hard to get the embodied體現 energy能源 out of that,
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要減少這些東西的內含耗能,不太容易,
03:32
but it can be a sustainable可持續發展 resource資源
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但你可以採用永續性資材,
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if you use FSC-certifiedFSC認證 lumber木料.
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例如有F.S.C.認證的木材。
03:37
We then go on to
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然後,你會發現
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the first thing that was very surprising奇怪.
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第一件令人吃驚的事。
03:41
If we put aluminum windows視窗 in this house,
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如果我們在房子裏裝上鋁窗,
03:44
we would double the energy能源 use right there.
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內含耗能就會加倍。
03:47
Now, PVCPVC is a little bit better,
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用PVC會好一點,
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but still not as good as the wood that we chose選擇.
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但還是不如我們所選用的木材。
03:52
We then put in plumbing水暖,
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接著是裝設水、電、
03:54
electrical電動 and HVACHVAC,
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及空調等的管線,
03:56
and insulate隔離.
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以及絕緣。
03:58
Now, spray噴霧 foam泡沫 is an excellent優秀 insulator絕緣子 -- it fills填充 in all the cracks裂縫 --
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泡沫噴劑是很好的絕緣材料,可以填補各個間隙,
04:01
but it is pretty漂亮 high embodied體現 energy能源,
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但它的內含耗能相當高。
04:04
and, sprayed-in噴塗在 cellulose纖維素 or blue藍色 jeans牛仔褲
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噴覆式纖維素或回收的牛仔布料,
04:07
is a much lower降低 energy能源 alternative替代 to that.
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內含耗能低,是很好的替代品。
04:09
We also used straw稻草 bale
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我們還用了乾草磚
04:11
infill填充 for our library圖書館,
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搭蓋圖書室,
04:13
which哪一個 has zero embodied體現 energy能源.
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乾草磚的內含耗能是零。
04:15
When it comes time to sheetrock石膏板,
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在選擇石膏板時,
04:17
if you use EcoRockEcoRock it's about a quarter25美分硬幣
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如果你採用生態磚(EcoRock),
04:19
of the embodied體現 energy能源 of standard標準 sheetrock石膏板.
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它的內含耗能只有一般石膏板的四分之一。
04:22
And then you get to the finishes飾面,
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再來是表面處理。
04:24
the subject學科 of all of those "go green綠色" articles用品,
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所有那些談「綠化」的文章,都以此為主題。
04:27
and on the scale規模 of a house
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以一個房子的規模來看,
04:28
they almost幾乎 make no difference區別 at all.
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表面處理幾乎沒有什麼影響。
04:31
And yet然而, all the press is focused重點 on that.
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可是,報刊文章都把重點放在這裏。
04:33
Except for flooring地板.
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但地板例外。
04:35
If you put carpeting地毯 in your house,
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如果你在房子裏鋪地毯,
04:37
it's about a tenth第十 of the embodied體現 energy能源 of the entire整個 house,
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它大概會佔整個房子內含耗能的十分之一。
04:40
unless除非 you use concrete具體 or wood
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如果你選擇混凝土或木材,
04:42
for a much lower降低 embodied體現 energy能源.
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內含耗能就會減少很多。
04:44
So now we add in the final最後 construction施工 energy能源, we add it all up,
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現在,我們把最後的施工耗能加進去,全部加起來,
04:47
and we've我們已經 built內置 a house for less than half
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與一般建造這類房子所需的內含耗能相比,
04:49
of the typical典型 embodied體現 energy能源 for building建造 a house like this.
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我們蓋的房子,只用了不到一半的內含耗能。
04:52
But before we pat ourselves我們自己
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但是,等一下,
04:54
too much on the back,
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我們先別急著得意。
04:56
we have poured 151 megawatt兆瓦 hours小時
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我們花了151千瓦小時的耗能
04:59
of energy能源 into constructing建設 this house
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來建造這個房子,
05:01
when there was a house there before.
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而這兒原本就有個舊房子。
05:03
And so the question is:
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現在問題來了:
05:05
How could we make that back?
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我們要怎麼把它補回來?
05:07
And so if I run my new energy-efficient高效節能 house forward前鋒,
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假如,我從今天起開始使用這個節能的新房子,
05:10
compared相比 with the old, non-energy-efficient非節能 house,
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和過去沒有節能設計的舊房子相比,
05:13
we make it back in about six years年份.
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大概六年後可以把它抵銷。
05:16
Now, I probably大概 would have upgraded升級 the old house
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如果,我是改建舊房子,
05:18
to be more energy-efficient高效節能,
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讓它變得更節能,
05:20
and in that case案件,
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在這種情況下,
05:22
it would take me more about 20 years年份 to break打破 even.
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要花約二十年才能抵銷。
05:26
Now, if I hadn't有沒有 paid支付 attention注意 to embodied體現 energy能源,
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假如我沒有去注意內含耗能這件事,
05:28
it would have taken採取 us
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可能就得花上
05:30
over 50 years年份 to break打破 even
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五十年的時間才能抵銷
05:32
compared相比 to the upgraded升級 house.
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改建房子時所增加的耗能。
05:34
So what does this mean?
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而這代表什麼意義?
05:36
On the scale規模 of my portion一部分 of the house,
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以我的房子的規模來看,
05:39
this is equivalent當量 to about
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使用這房子的內含耗能,
05:41
as much as I drive駕駛 in a year,
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和我開車所用的內含耗能相當,
05:43
it's about five times as much
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大概等於我飲食的內含耗能的五倍,
05:45
as if I went entirely完全 vegetarian.
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如果我吃全素的話。
05:47
But my elephant in the living活的 room房間 flies蒼蠅.
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而我客廳裏的大象呢,是搭飛機。
05:50
Clearly明確地, I need to walk步行 home from TEDTED.
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看來,我得從TED走路回家才行了。
05:53
But all the calculations計算
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這些內含耗能的計算,
05:56
for embodied體現 energy能源 are on the blog博客.
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在這個網誌上可以找到。
05:58
And, remember記得, it's sometimes有時 the things that you are not expecting期待
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最後別忘了,那些你覺得無關緊要的事,
06:01
to be the biggest最大 changes變化 that are.
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常常就是至關緊要的。
06:04
Thank you. (Applause掌聲)
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謝謝。(掌聲)
Translated by HJ Liao
Reviewed by Wang-Ju Tsai

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Catherine Mohr - Roboticist
Catherine Mohr loves what she does -- she's just not ever sure what it will be next.

Why you should listen

An engineer turned surgeon turned strategist, Catherine Mohr is always on the lookout for new technologies to help improve patient outcomes while trying to stay in her sweet spot -- the steep part of the learning curve.

As VP of Strategy for Intuitive Surgical in Silicon Valley, faculty at Singularity University and advisor to med-tech startups in the UK, the US and her native New Zealand, Mohr follows her self-admittedly geeky passions wherever they lead her, as she designs, makes, writes, tinkers, plays and travels all over the world.

More profile about the speaker
Catherine Mohr | Speaker | TED.com