TED2010
Catherine Mohr: The tradeoffs of building green
Catherine Mohr gradi zeleno
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U kratkom, podacima krcatom govoru na TED U, Catherine Mohr provodi nas kroz sve štreberske odlukekoje je donosila gradeći svoju novu zelenu kuću -- gledajući prave količine potrošene energije, a ne reklamu. Koje odluke su najvažnije? Ne one koje mislite.
Catherine Mohr - Roboticist
Catherine Mohr loves what she does -- she's just not ever sure what it will be next. Full bio
Catherine Mohr loves what she does -- she's just not ever sure what it will be next. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
First of all, I'm a geek.
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Kao prvo, ja sam štreberica.
00:19
I'm an organic food-eating,
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Ja sam fanatik organske hrane,
00:21
carbon footprint-minimizing, robotic surgery geek.
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smanjenja ugljikovih tragova, robotske kirurgije,
00:24
And I really want to build green,
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i zaista želim graditi zeleno,
00:27
but I'm very suspicious
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ali sam vrlo sumnjičava
00:29
of all of these well-meaning articles,
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prema svim tim dobro namjernim člancima,
00:31
people long on moral authority
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ljudi jakih na moralnom autoritetu,
00:33
and short on data,
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a slabih na podacima
00:35
telling me how to do these kinds of things.
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koji mi govore kako da to učinim.
00:37
And so I have to figure this out for myself.
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Pa moram otkriti kako to učiniti sama.
00:39
For example: Is this evil?
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Na primjer: je li ovo zlo?
00:42
I have dropped a blob of organic yogurt
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Prolila sam malo organskog jogurta
00:45
from happy self-actualized local cows
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koji dolazi od sretnih samoostvarenih lokalnih krava
00:47
on my counter top,
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na svoju radnu ploču,
00:49
and I grab a paper towel and I want to wipe it up.
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i zgrabila sam papirnati ubrus i želim to obrisati.
00:52
But can I use a paper towel? (Laughter)
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Ali smijem li koristiti papirnati ubrus? (Smijeh)
00:55
The answer to this can be found in embodied energy.
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Odgovor na ovo se može naći u utjelovljenoj energiji.
00:58
This is the amount of energy that goes into
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To je količina energije koja ulazi
01:00
any paper towel or embodied water,
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u svaki papirnati ubrus i upotrijebljenu vodu.
01:02
and every time I use a paper towel,
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I svaki put kad koristim papirnati ubrus,
01:04
I am using this much
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koristim toliko
01:06
virtual energy and water.
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virtualne energije i vode.
01:08
Wipe it up, throw it away.
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Obriši i baci.
01:10
Now, if I compare that to a cotton towel
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Sad, ako to usporedim s pamučnim ubrusom
01:13
that I can use a thousand times,
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koji mogu koristiti tisuću puta,
01:15
I don't have a whole lot of embodied energy
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nemam baš puno utjelovljene energije
01:18
until I wash that yogurty towel.
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dok ne operem taj ubrus od jogurta.
01:20
This is now operating energy.
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To je sada operativna energija.
01:23
So if I throw my towel in the washing machine,
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Pa ako bacim svoj ubrus u perilicu,
01:25
I've now put energy and water
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tada sam vratila energiju i vodu
01:27
back into that towel ...
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natrag u ubrus,
01:29
unless I use a front-loading, high-efficiency washing machine, (Laughter)
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osim ako ne koristim učinkovitu perilicu s prednjim punjenjem,
01:31
and then it looks a little bit better.
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a tada to izgleda nešto bolje.
01:34
But what about a recycled paper towel
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Ali što je s recikliranim papirnatim ubrusima
01:36
that comes in those little half sheets?
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koji dolaze u malim polulistovima?
01:38
Well, now a paper towel looks better.
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Pa, sad papirnati ubrus djeluje bolje.
01:40
Screw the paper towels. Let's go to a sponge.
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Tko šljivi papirnate ubruse. Idemo na spužvu.
01:42
I wipe it up with a sponge, and I put it under the running water,
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Obrišem jogurt spužvom, stavim je pod tekuću vodu,
01:45
and I have a lot less energy and a lot more water.
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i imam puno manje energije i puno više vode,
01:47
Unless you're like me and you leave the handle
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osim ako ste poput mene i ostavite ručicu
01:49
in the position of hot even when you turn it on,
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u položaju „vruće“ čak i kad je otvorite,
01:51
and then you start to use more energy.
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i tada počinjete koristiti više energije,
01:53
Or worse, you let it run until it's warm
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ili još gore, pustite da teče dok nije topla
01:55
to rinse out your towel.
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da biste isprali svoj ubrus.
01:57
And now all bets are off.
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I tu sve pada u vodu.
01:59
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
02:01
So what this says is that
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Ono što nam ovo pokazuje je
02:03
sometimes the things that you least expect --
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da ponekad stvari koje najmanje očekujete,
02:06
the position in which you put the handle --
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položaj u koji stavite ručicu,
02:08
have a bigger effect than any of those other things
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ima veći utjecaj nego bilo koja od onih stvari
02:10
that you were trying to optimize.
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koje pokušavate optimizirati.
02:12
Now imagine someone as twisted as me
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Zamislite sad nekoga uvrnutog poput mene
02:14
trying to build a house.
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tko pokušava graditi kuću.
02:16
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
02:19
That's what my husband and I are doing right now.
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To je ono što baš sad činimo suprug i ja.
02:22
And so, we wanted to know, how green could we be?
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I željeli smo znati koliko zeleni bismo mogli biti.
02:24
And there's a thousand and one articles out there
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Postoji tisuću i jedan članak
02:26
telling us how to make all these green trade-offs.
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koji nam govori kako postići sve te zelene uštede.
02:28
And they are just as suspect
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Ti članci su jednako tako sumnjivi
02:30
in telling us to optimize these little things around the edges
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govoreći nam da optimiziramo male rubne stvari,
02:33
and missing the elephant in the living room.
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a promašimo slona u dnevnoj sobi.
02:35
Now, the average house
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Prosječna kuća
02:37
has about 300 megawatt hours
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ima oko 300 megawatt sati
02:40
of embodied energy in it;
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utjelovljene energije u sebi.
02:42
this is the energy it takes to make it --
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To je energija potrebna da je izgradimo,
02:44
millions and millions of paper towels.
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miijuni i milijuni papirnatih ubrusa.
02:46
We wanted to know how much better we could do.
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Željeli smo znati koliko bolji bismo mi mogli biti.
02:49
And so, like many people,
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Pa, kao i mnogi drugi,
02:51
we start with a house on a lot,
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počinjemo s kućom na placu,
02:53
and I'm going to show you a typical construction on the top
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i pokazat ću vam tipičnu konstrukciju na vrhu
02:55
and what we're doing on the bottom.
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i što činimo na dnu.
02:57
So first, we demolish it.
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Prvo smo je demolirali.
02:59
It takes some energy, but if you deconstruct it --
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Ovo troši energiju, ali ako je razgrađujete,
03:02
you take it all apart, you use the bits --
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sve rastavite i koristite dijelove,
03:04
you can get some of that energy back.
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možete povratiti nešto energije.
03:06
We then dug a big hole
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Zatim kopamo duboku rupu
03:08
to put in a rainwater catchment tank
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u koju ćemo staviti spremnik za prikupljanje kišnice
03:10
to take our yard water independent.
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kako bi nam voda za vrt bila neovisna.
03:12
And then we poured a big foundation
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A zatim smo usuli veliki temelj
03:14
for passive solar.
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za pasivni solar.
03:16
Now, you can reduce the embodied energy
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Možete smanjiti utjelovljenu energiju
03:18
by about 25 percent
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za oko 25 posto
03:20
by using high fly ash concrete.
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koristeći pepeljasti beton.
03:23
We then put in framing.
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Zatim postavljamo okvir.
03:25
And so this is framing -- lumber,
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Ovo je okvir, drvo,
03:27
composite materials --
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kompozitni materijali,
03:29
and it's kind of hard to get the embodied energy out of that,
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i nekako je teško izvući utjelovljenu energiju iz toga,
03:32
but it can be a sustainable resource
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ali to može biti održivi resurs
03:34
if you use FSC-certified lumber.
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ako koristite drvo s certifikatom Vijeća za čuvanje šuma (F.S.C.)
03:37
We then go on to
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Zatim smo došli do
03:39
the first thing that was very surprising.
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prve stvari koja je bila iznenađujuća.
03:41
If we put aluminum windows in this house,
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Ako na ovu kuću stavimo aluminijske prozore,
03:44
we would double the energy use right there.
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samo time bismo udvostručili potrošnju energije.
03:47
Now, PVC is a little bit better,
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PVC je nešto malo bolji,
03:49
but still not as good as the wood that we chose.
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ali i dalje ne tako dobar kao drvo koje smo odabrali.
03:52
We then put in plumbing,
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Zatim smo proveli vodu,
03:54
electrical and HVAC,
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struju, grijanje, ventilaciju
03:56
and insulate.
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i izolaciju.
03:58
Now, spray foam is an excellent insulator -- it fills in all the cracks --
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Pjena iz spreja je odličan izolator, ispunjava sve pukotine,
04:01
but it is pretty high embodied energy,
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ali je ona prilično velika utjelovljena energija.
04:04
and, sprayed-in cellulose or blue jeans
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Celuloza iz spreja ili plavi džins
04:07
is a much lower energy alternative to that.
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je alternativa s puno manje energije.
04:09
We also used straw bale
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Također smo uzeli bale sijena
04:11
infill for our library,
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kao ispunu za našu knjižnicu,
04:13
which has zero embodied energy.
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koja ima nultu utjelovljenu energiju.
04:15
When it comes time to sheetrock,
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Kad nastupi vrijeme za pločasti kamen,
04:17
if you use EcoRock it's about a quarter
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ako koristite EcoRock, on ima oko četvrtine
04:19
of the embodied energy of standard sheetrock.
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utjelovljene energije u odnosu na standardni pločasti kamen.
04:22
And then you get to the finishes,
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A tada dolazite do finalizacije,
04:24
the subject of all of those "go green" articles,
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teme svih tih zelenih članaka.
04:27
and on the scale of a house
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I u odnosu na cijelu kuću,
04:28
they almost make no difference at all.
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završni radovi gotovo da ne prave nikakvu razliku.
04:31
And yet, all the press is focused on that.
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Pa ipak, sve novine su koncentrirane na to.
04:33
Except for flooring.
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S izuzetkom poda.
04:35
If you put carpeting in your house,
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Ako stavite tepih u kuću,
04:37
it's about a tenth of the embodied energy of the entire house,
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na njega otpada oko desetine utjelovljene energije čitave kuće,
04:40
unless you use concrete or wood
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osim ako koristite beton ili drvo
04:42
for a much lower embodied energy.
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da biste dobili puno manju utjelovljenu energiju.
04:44
So now we add in the final construction energy, we add it all up,
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Znači, dodajemo energiju završne konstrukcije, sve zbrojimo,
04:47
and we've built a house for less than half
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i izgradili smo kuću za manje od polovice
04:49
of the typical embodied energy for building a house like this.
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tipične utjelovljene energije za izgradnju kuće poput ove.
04:52
But before we pat ourselves
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Ali prije nego što si previše
04:54
too much on the back,
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pljeskamo po leđima,
04:56
we have poured 151 megawatt hours
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uložili smo 151 megawatt sati
04:59
of energy into constructing this house
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energije u izgradnju ove kuće,
05:01
when there was a house there before.
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a ovdje je i prije bila kuća.
05:03
And so the question is:
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Pa se postavlja pitanje:
05:05
How could we make that back?
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Kako možemo nadoknaditi tu energiju?
05:07
And so if I run my new energy-efficient house forward,
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Pa, ako svoju energetski učinkovitu kuću promotrim kroz vrijeme,
05:10
compared with the old, non-energy-efficient house,
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u usporedbi sa starom, energetski neučinkovitom kućom,
05:13
we make it back in about six years.
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nadoknadit ćemo tu energiju za nekih 6 godina.
05:16
Now, I probably would have upgraded the old house
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Ipak, ja bih vjerojatno i unaprijedila svoju staru kuću
05:18
to be more energy-efficient,
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da postane malo više energetski učinkovita.
05:20
and in that case,
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U tom slučaju,
05:22
it would take me more about 20 years to break even.
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bilo bi potrebno 20 godina da se nadoknadi ona energija.
05:26
Now, if I hadn't paid attention to embodied energy,
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Ali da nisam obraćala pažnju na utjelovljenu energiju,
05:28
it would have taken us
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trebalo bi nam
05:30
over 50 years to break even
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više od 50 godina da se energetski izjednačimo
05:32
compared to the upgraded house.
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s unaprijeđenom kućom.
05:34
So what does this mean?
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Što sve ovo znači?
05:36
On the scale of my portion of the house,
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Na razini mojeg dijela kuće,
05:39
this is equivalent to about
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ovo je ekvivalent
05:41
as much as I drive in a year,
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energije koju potrošim vozeći se godinu dana,
05:43
it's about five times as much
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a pet puta je više
05:45
as if I went entirely vegetarian.
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nego da sam postala čisti vegetarijanac.
05:47
But my elephant in the living room flies.
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Ali moj slon u dnevnoj sobi leti.
05:50
Clearly, I need to walk home from TED.
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Očito, s TED-a moram kući pješice.
05:53
But all the calculations
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Ali svi izračuni
05:56
for embodied energy are on the blog.
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za utjelovljenu energiju su na blogu.
05:58
And, remember, it's sometimes the things that you are not expecting
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I, zapamtite, stvari koje ne očekujete ponekad
06:01
to be the biggest changes that are.
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donose najveće promjene.
06:04
Thank you. (Applause)
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Hvala vam. (Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Catherine Mohr - RoboticistCatherine Mohr loves what she does -- she's just not ever sure what it will be next.
Why you should listen
An engineer turned surgeon turned strategist, Catherine Mohr is always on the lookout for new technologies to help improve patient outcomes while trying to stay in her sweet spot -- the steep part of the learning curve.
As VP of Strategy for Intuitive Surgical in Silicon Valley, faculty at Singularity University and advisor to med-tech startups in the UK, the US and her native New Zealand, Mohr follows her self-admittedly geeky passions wherever they lead her, as she designs, makes, writes, tinkers, plays and travels all over the world.
Catherine Mohr | Speaker | TED.com