Gautam Bhan: A bold plan to house 100 million people
Gautam Bhan: Un audaz plan para que 100 millones de personas tengan hogar
Gautam Bhan studies how cities produce and reproduce poverty and inequality. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
Chennai or Kolkata,
o Delhi, Chennai o Calcuta,
one great thing in common,
tienen algo en común:
smaller places arriving in search of work.
a la gente de poblaciones más pequeñas
this warm welcome leads to consequences.
recepción tiene consecuencias.
problemas como el de la vivienda.
in these cities are born.
expert and researcher: Dr. Gautam Bhan,
el Dr. Gautam Bhan.
to this increasing problem.
una solución para este problema.
of urban India that he can see.
le da la bienvenida al Dr. Gautam Bhan.
welcomes Dr. Gautam Bhan.
until a few years ago,
unos años, si preguntabas a alguien:
Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata.
"¿A dónde perteneces?"
nobody was from a city;
la gente solo migraba a la ciudad.
to a city for progress.
a la ciudad en busca de progreso.
Uds. nacieron en la ciudad misma.
you were born in the city itself.
for an accommodation in the city,
para comprar en la ciudad
short of at least 20 million homes.
son 100 millones de personas.
that's 100 million people.
(bedroom hall kitchen).
de tres dormitorios, sala y cocina.
entre 150 y 230 dólares al mes.
10 to 15,000 rupees per month.
con ese presupuesto?
an affordable home in this budget?
what would you do?
hogar es comida y ropa.
or some sort of jewellery.
en la ciudad para comprar o alquilar,
in a city to either buy or rent,
what most people end up doing.
crear un hogar donde sea posible.
los siga llamando 'invasiones',
yo los llamaré 'asentamientos'.
que ellos mismos construyeron.
está en los asentamientos.
are in settlements.
de un hogar asequible en India.
of an affordable home in India.
son baratos, pero no son estables.
but not sturdy.
but not cheap.
son estables, pero no son baratos.
of a new thought from here itself.
un nuevo pensamiento aquí mismo.
it is a solution.
un problema, es una solución.
que hacer seguro y estable.
de 20 millones de hogares
of 20 million homes
25 square foot flats,
de casas de 2,5 metros cuadrados,
ellos tienen un buen récord en esto.
2.6 million homes.
2,6 millones de hogares.
construyeron 350 000 hogares.
to make 350,000 homes.
with complete sincerity,
tiene las mejores intenciones
in the next couple of lifetimes.
en las próximas vidas.
entonces, ¿cuál es la solución?
los asentimientos sean seguros?
el pasado, tampoco lo hará en el futuro.
in progress in the past,
the laborers who build and run the city
y administran la ciudad
on illegally captured land,
en tierras tomadas ilegalmente,
nunca pasa a medianoche.
in the dead of the night.
le pertenezca al gobierno o no,
to the government or not,
se forma de manera secreta,
los asentamientos en las ciudades
there for over 10, 20, 30, even 40 years.
10, 20, 30 o hasta 40 años.
tomada ilegalmente es esta
illegally captured land is this,
del desalojo es declarada ilegal?
is declared illegal?
15 to 60 percent of a city's population
acomodar del 15 al 60 % de la población
or maximum ten percent of the land.
o máximo 10 % del terreno.
a right over this small bit of land?
a ese pedacito de tierra?
por el precio de su terreno.
by the cost of its land.
de la persona que habita esa tierra?
of a person living on a piece of land?
no pide hogares hermosos,
for shiny homes;
calles, agua, alcantarillado, drenaje.
toilets and drainage.
en Ahmedabad empezaron un programa:
a 44 asentamientos
promised there wouldn't be any eviction.
no hubo documentos.
were provided to them.
a locality, a place, a world of its own.
en una localidad, un lugar,
even a single new home.
ni una sola casa.
at national scale,
a 100 000 personas en 137 ciudades.
to live over that land.
el derecho de vivir en esa tierra.
no el derecho de vender,
but the right to live there,
de usarla, de habitarla.
that to move forward,
desbaratar los asentamientos,
cómo hacer que los asentamientos
to make settlements secure and sturdy.
que mirar en nuestro interior
need to look deep within
and apprehensions that we have.
el irrespeto y la aprehensión que sentimos.
here in front of you today.
parado aquí frente a Uds. hoy,
there should be standing here.
Uds. no lo escucharían.
you wouldn't have listened to him.
I am not from a settlement.
creen que no soy de un asentamiento.
de pensamiento que debe cambiar.
that needs to be changed.
Thank you, Dr. Gautam Bhan.
el ejemplo de Tailandia
an example of Thailand
to settle in, not to sell.
no se pueden vender.
parecido en nuestro país
or program in our country too,
and those of people around you?
who are fighting for rights in the city.
por sus derechos en la ciudad.
announced the same scheme:
anunció el mismo esquema:
will have rights over that land.
tendrá derechos sobre esa tierra.
shouldn't be called populism;
development strategy.
happen from the top, but from the bottom.
desde la cima, sino desde abajo.
'asentamientos' y no 'invasiones'.
and not slums, ever again. 100 percent.
wonderful things.
y dijo cosas muy hermosas.
as I am a terrible singer.
soy un pésimo cantante.
porque estamos diciendo cosas hermosas.
because we are saying wonderful things.
encontrará el asentamiento.
encontrará el asentamiento.
se llenará de amor y diversión.
with love and fun times.
Thank you.
el Dr. Gautam Bhan. Gracias.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Gautam Bhan - UrbanistGautam Bhan studies how cities produce and reproduce poverty and inequality.
Why you should listen
Gautam Bhan's work is based in and emerges from particular cities that for a long time were thought to be "peripheral" -- Delhi, Mumbai, Cairo, Lagos, Jakarta and Johannesburg -- cities of what is sometimes today called the "global south." He feels passionate about producing knowledge not just about these cities but doing so from them. For too long, he says, "Southern cities have been places for others to come and fix, rather than places with their own ways of getting things done that work for us."
Bhan believes that urbanization in the global south is one of the most profound challenges of the 21st century. It's in these cities that many of the battles of sustainability and equity will either be won or lost. He found his way to these questions in his own city -- New Delhi -- through forced evictions, the brutal demolition of the homes of the city's poorest who lived in informal settlements that brought him to his work on housing and the right to the city. His research is informed by his own political engagement both as an anti-eviction activist as well as someone working with the government to prevent evictions from occurring in the first place.
Bhan teaches as the Indian Institute for Human Settlements in Bangalore, a new educational institution that shares his intent of bringing together teaching, research and practice on the city as well as producing knowledge from the south. In 2017, he authored In the Public’s Interest: Evictions, Citizenship and Inequality in Contemporary Delhi (Orient Blackswan/University of Georgia Press), as well as co-edited the Routledge Companion to Planning in the Global South (Routledge). He writes as much publicly as academically and is a frequent columnist in Indian newspapers, blogs and online. He is also the co-founder of New Text, and he's deeply involved in sexuality rights movements in India.
Gautam Bhan | Speaker | TED.com