Gautam Bhan: A bold plan to house 100 million people
고톰 반(Gautam Bhan): 1억 명에게 집을 마련해줄 대담한 계획
Gautam Bhan studies how cities produce and reproduce poverty and inequality. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
Chennai or Kolkata,
첸나이, 콜카타
one great thing in common,
한 가지 공통점이 있습니다.
smaller places arriving in search of work.
상경한 이들을 반겨준다는 점이죠.
this warm welcome leads to consequences.
좋지 않은 결과를 초래하기도 합니다.
in these cities are born.
expert and researcher: Dr. Gautam Bhan,
연구원이신 고톰 반 박사를 모셨습니다.
to this increasing problem.
새로운 방법을 들어봅시다.
of urban India that he can see.
새로운 인도 도시의 모습은 어떨까요?
welcomes Dr. Gautam Bhan.
고톰 반 박사를 모셨습니다.
until a few years ago,
Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata.
콜카타라고 대답했습니다.
nobody was from a city;
도시 출신을 찾아보기는 어려웠죠.
지방 사람들이었기 때문이죠.
변화를 받아들일 준비가 되었을까요?
태어났다고 가정해봅시다.
종일 인부로 일하셨고요.
to a city for progress.
도시로 왔습니다.
you were born in the city itself.
대도시 출신이라고 가정해봅시다.
for an accommodation in the city,
찾을 수 있을까요?
short of at least 20 million homes.
2000만 채라고 발표했습니다.
that's 100 million people.
1억 명을 의미합니다.
(bedroom hall kitchen).
말하고 있는것이 아닙니다.
10 to 15,000 rupees per month.
정도입니다.
an affordable home in this budget?
what would you do?
어떻게 하시겠습니까?
or some sort of jewellery.
부차적인 것이 아닙니다.
in a city to either buy or rent,
월세로도 집을 못 구한다면
what most people end up doing.
대다수 사람과 마찬가지로
노숙자가 아닙니다.
are in settlements.
정착지에 있을 뿐입니다.
of an affordable home in India.
진실된 모습입니다.
but not sturdy.
튼튼하지 않습니다.
but not cheap.
저렴하지 않죠.
of a new thought from here itself.
기반을 다져나가야 합니다.
it is a solution.
튼튼하게 만드는 것입니다.
of 20 million homes
25 square foot flats,
2000만 개 만들 수는 없습니다.
예로 들겠습니다.
흥미로운 기록을 남겼습니다.
2.6 million homes.
카르나타카에 필요한 주택 260만 채.
to make 350,000 homes.
with complete sincerity,
노력한다 할지라도
in the next couple of lifetimes.
달성하기 어려울 것입니다.
바꾸면 됩니다.
in progress in the past,
진척으로 이어졌던 적은
미래에도 없을 것입니다.
the laborers who build and run the city
움직이는 인부들에게
믿어야 합니다.
on illegally captured land,
세워졌다고 생각하실 겁니다.
in the dead of the night.
한밤중에 갑자기 일어나지 않습니다.
to the government or not,
유무와 관계없이
예는 없었습니다.
거주했었음을 의미하죠.
there for over 10, 20, 30, even 40 years.
이상임을 인정합니다.
illegally captured land is this,
is declared illegal?
불법 선고를 받다니요?
15 to 60 percent of a city's population
최대 10%를 정착지로 사용하면
or maximum ten percent of the land.
수용할 수 있습니다.
a right over this small bit of land?
대한 권리도 가질 수 없는 건가요?
by the cost of its land.
종종 땅값으로 측정됩니다.
of a person living on a piece of land?
어떻게 가격을 부여할까요?
for shiny homes;
화려한 집이 아닙니다.
toilets and drainage.
화장실과 배수시설 등이요.
시행한 프로그램으로
promised there wouldn't be any eviction.
하지 않는다는 약속을 받았었죠.
were provided to them.
보급되었습니다.
a locality, a place, a world of its own.
구축하며 거주지로 탈바꿈하였습니다.
even a single new home.
짓지 않아도 되었습니다.
at national scale,
이 프로그램을 실시하였고
혜택을 받았습니다.
to live over that land.
권리를 부여받았습니다.
but the right to live there,
that to move forward,
앞으로 나아가기 위해서는
to make settlements secure and sturdy.
방법을 생각할때 비로소 전진할 수 있습니다.
이유는 무엇일까요?
적용하고 싶다면
need to look deep within
자신의 내면을 들여다봐야 합니다.
and apprehensions that we have.
벗어던져야 합니다.
here in front of you today.
제가 아닙니다.
there should be standing here.
서 있어야 했어요.
you wouldn't have listened to him.
우리는 그 말을 들어주지 않았을 겁니다.
I am not from a settlement.
제가 정착지 출신이 아니기 때문이죠.
that needs to be changed.
고쳐나가야 합니다.
Thank you, Dr. Gautam Bhan.
an example of Thailand
to settle in, not to sell.
사용되었다는 점입니다.
or program in our country too,
시작된 프로그램이 있나요?
and those of people around you?
영감을 받은 프로그램이요.
말할 수 없고요.
who are fighting for rights in the city.
영감이 되었다고 말할게요.
announced the same scheme:
발표한 바 있습니다.
will have rights over that land.
권리를 가진다고요.
shouldn't be called populism;
안된다고 생각합니다.
development strategy.
불러야 합니다.
happen from the top, but from the bottom.
아래로부터 시작되기 때문입니다.
and not slums, ever again. 100 percent.
사용하겠습니다.
wonderful things.
as I am a terrible singer.
노래를 못해서 전 못하겠네요.
because we are saying wonderful things.
가만히 있을 수는 없죠.
with love and fun times.
삶이 채워질 거예요.
Thank you.
감사합니다.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Gautam Bhan - UrbanistGautam Bhan studies how cities produce and reproduce poverty and inequality.
Why you should listen
Gautam Bhan's work is based in and emerges from particular cities that for a long time were thought to be "peripheral" -- Delhi, Mumbai, Cairo, Lagos, Jakarta and Johannesburg -- cities of what is sometimes today called the "global south." He feels passionate about producing knowledge not just about these cities but doing so from them. For too long, he says, "Southern cities have been places for others to come and fix, rather than places with their own ways of getting things done that work for us."
Bhan believes that urbanization in the global south is one of the most profound challenges of the 21st century. It's in these cities that many of the battles of sustainability and equity will either be won or lost. He found his way to these questions in his own city -- New Delhi -- through forced evictions, the brutal demolition of the homes of the city's poorest who lived in informal settlements that brought him to his work on housing and the right to the city. His research is informed by his own political engagement both as an anti-eviction activist as well as someone working with the government to prevent evictions from occurring in the first place.
Bhan teaches as the Indian Institute for Human Settlements in Bangalore, a new educational institution that shares his intent of bringing together teaching, research and practice on the city as well as producing knowledge from the south. In 2017, he authored In the Public’s Interest: Evictions, Citizenship and Inequality in Contemporary Delhi (Orient Blackswan/University of Georgia Press), as well as co-edited the Routledge Companion to Planning in the Global South (Routledge). He writes as much publicly as academically and is a frequent columnist in Indian newspapers, blogs and online. He is also the co-founder of New Text, and he's deeply involved in sexuality rights movements in India.
Gautam Bhan | Speaker | TED.com