Gautam Bhan: A bold plan to house 100 million people
Готам Бхан: Как обеспечить жильём сто миллионов человек
Gautam Bhan studies how cities produce and reproduce poverty and inequality. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
Ченнаи или Калькутта —
Chennai or Kolkata,
one great thing in common,
из малых поселений, ищущих работу.
smaller places arriving in search of work.
есть последствия.
this warm welcome leads to consequences.
проблемы с жильём.
in these cities are born.
expert and researcher: Dr. Gautam Bhan,
по заселению д-р Готам Бхан,
to this increasing problem.
для этих растущих проблем.
представлениями о городской Индии.
of urban India that he can see.
приветствует д-ра Готама Бхана.
welcomes Dr. Gautam Bhan.
лет назад в этой стране
until a few years ago,
Дели, Мумбаи, Калькутта.
Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata.
не было никого родом из города;
nobody was from a city;
работали на фабрике.
в надежде на перспективы.
to a city for progress.
вы уже родились в городе.
you were born in the city itself.
for an accommodation in the city,
найти в этом городе жильё,
о нехватке 20 миллионов домов.
short of at least 20 million homes.
это 100 миллионов человек.
that's 100 million people.
(bedroom hall kitchen).
в три спальни с кухней.
долларов в месяц.
10 to 15,000 rupees per month.
an affordable home in this budget?
what would you do?
or some sort of jewellery.
жильё для покупки или аренды,
in a city to either buy or rent,
что делает большинство.
what most people end up doing.
из чего попало.
в бедных кварталах.
are in settlements.
доступного жилья в Индии.
of an affordable home in India.
but not sturdy.
но не доступны.
but not cheap.
закладывая основы нового мышления.
of a new thought from here itself.
it is a solution.
и сделать безопасными.
of 20 million homes
недостающие 20 миллионов домов,
квартир по 2,5 квадратных метра,
25 square foot flats,
понадобится 2,6 миллиона домов.
2.6 million homes.
им удалось построить всего 350 тысяч.
to make 350,000 homes.
with complete sincerity,
со стороны правительства
с такой задачей за два поколения.
in the next couple of lifetimes.
построить столько домов,
этим поселениям стабильность?
принудительное выселение.
in progress in the past,
the laborers who build and run the city
строящие и обслуживающие город,
на незаконно присвоенных землях,
on illegally captured land,
in the dead of the night.
правительству или нет,
to the government or not,
уже по 10, 20, 30, а то и по 40 лет.
there for over 10, 20, 30, even 40 years.
заселённые территории,
illegally captured land is this,
за день до выселения?
is declared illegal?
составлять от 15 до 60 % населения города,
15 to 60 percent of a city's population
or maximum ten percent of the land.
10 % от его территории.
право на такой клочок земли?
a right over this small bit of land?
by the cost of its land.
ценой на его землю.
человека, проживающего на земле?
of a person living on a piece of land?
не требуют роскошных домов;
for shiny homes;
toilets and drainage.
туалетах и канализации.
что в течение 10 лет их не будут выселять.
promised there wouldn't be any eviction.
первой необходимости.
were provided to them.
в сообщество, район, общину.
a locality, a place, a world of its own.
построить ни одного здания.
even a single new home.
запустили на уровне страны,
at national scale,
человек в 137 городах.
to live over that land.
проживать на собственной земле.
but the right to live there,
что для движения вперёд
that to move forward,
поселениям стабильность и безопасность.
to make settlements secure and sturdy.
этого не происходит?
относиться к этим поселениям,
need to look deep within
and apprehensions that we have.
стоять здесь перед вами.
here in front of you today.
живущий в таком поселении.
there should be standing here.
вы бы не стали их слушать.
you wouldn't have listened to him.
что я не из бедного квартала.
I am not from a settlement.
that needs to be changed.
Спасибо, д-р Готам Бхан.
Thank you, Dr. Gautam Bhan.
говоря о примере Таиланда,
an example of Thailand
для проживания, а не на продажу.
to settle in, not to sell.
или программа в нашей стране,
or program in our country too,
и другими подобными выступлениями?
and those of people around you?
борющихся за права в городе.
who are fighting for rights in the city.
объявил о таком же подходе:
announced the same scheme:
получат права на их землю.
will have rights over that land.
не стоит называть популизмом.
shouldn't be called populism;
development strategy.
экономического развития.
happen from the top, but from the bottom.
насаждается сверху, а поднимается снизу.
and not slums, ever again. 100 percent.
а не трущобами — обещаю.
wonderful things.
и рассказали такие замечательные вещи.
as I am a terrible singer.
так как певец из меня никакой...
ведь мы говорим о замечательных вещах.
because we are saying wonderful things.
найдёт пристанище».
найдёт пристанище».
with love and fun times.
наполнится любовью и весельем».
д-р Готам Бхан. Спасибо.
Thank you.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Gautam Bhan - UrbanistGautam Bhan studies how cities produce and reproduce poverty and inequality.
Why you should listen
Gautam Bhan's work is based in and emerges from particular cities that for a long time were thought to be "peripheral" -- Delhi, Mumbai, Cairo, Lagos, Jakarta and Johannesburg -- cities of what is sometimes today called the "global south." He feels passionate about producing knowledge not just about these cities but doing so from them. For too long, he says, "Southern cities have been places for others to come and fix, rather than places with their own ways of getting things done that work for us."
Bhan believes that urbanization in the global south is one of the most profound challenges of the 21st century. It's in these cities that many of the battles of sustainability and equity will either be won or lost. He found his way to these questions in his own city -- New Delhi -- through forced evictions, the brutal demolition of the homes of the city's poorest who lived in informal settlements that brought him to his work on housing and the right to the city. His research is informed by his own political engagement both as an anti-eviction activist as well as someone working with the government to prevent evictions from occurring in the first place.
Bhan teaches as the Indian Institute for Human Settlements in Bangalore, a new educational institution that shares his intent of bringing together teaching, research and practice on the city as well as producing knowledge from the south. In 2017, he authored In the Public’s Interest: Evictions, Citizenship and Inequality in Contemporary Delhi (Orient Blackswan/University of Georgia Press), as well as co-edited the Routledge Companion to Planning in the Global South (Routledge). He writes as much publicly as academically and is a frequent columnist in Indian newspapers, blogs and online. He is also the co-founder of New Text, and he's deeply involved in sexuality rights movements in India.
Gautam Bhan | Speaker | TED.com