TED2018
David Cage: How video games turn players into storytellers
大卫 · 凯奇: 视频游戏如何让玩家成为故事叙述者
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当你在看电影或阅读小说时，是否曾希望自己能改变故事情节，以挽救你最喜欢的角色？游戏设计师大卫 · 凯奇允许你在他的视频游戏中做到这一点——由玩家在视频游戏中做出决定，去塑造一个不断变化的剧情。在演讲和现场演示中，凯奇展示了他的新游戏中的一个场景，让观众去控制一个角色的决定。凯奇说道： "互动的故事叙述可以成为20世纪的电影模式: 一门深刻改变时代的艺术。“
David Cage - Interactive storyteller
The creator of emotional, immersive games like "Heavy Rain," "BEYOND: Two Souls" and "Detroit: Become Human," David Cage uses games to push the boundaries of storytelling. Full bio
The creator of emotional, immersive games like "Heavy Rain," "BEYOND: Two Souls" and "Detroit: Become Human," David Cage uses games to push the boundaries of storytelling. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
The way we tell stories
has naturally changed
has naturally changed
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自从约 2500年前，亚里士多德
定义了悲剧的规则以来，
定义了悲剧的规则以来，
00:17
since Aristotle defined
the rules of tragedy
the rules of tragedy
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我们讲故事的方式
00:20
about 2,500 years ago.
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自然而然地发生了变化。
00:24
According to him,
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他认为，
00:26
the role of storytelling is to mimic life
and make us feel emotions.
and make us feel emotions.
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讲故事的作用就是再现生活中的场景,
让我们的情感受到触动。
让我们的情感受到触动。
00:32
And that's exactly what
storytelling as we know it
storytelling as we know it
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众所周知，从此之后
对故事的叙述越来越引人入胜。
00:35
has done very well since then.
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00:38
But there is a dimension of life
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但生活中有一个维度，
00:41
that storytelling could
never really reproduce.
never really reproduce.
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是故事永远无法真正再现的，
00:44
It is the notion of choices.
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这就是”选择“的概念。
00:48
Choices are a very
important part of our lives.
important part of our lives.
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“选择”是我们生活中
非常重要的一部分，
非常重要的一部分，
00:51
We as individuals are defined
by the choices we make.
by the choices we make.
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作为个人，我们是由自己
所做出的选择来定义的；
所做出的选择来定义的；
00:55
Some of our decisions can have
very significant consequences
very significant consequences
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我们的一些决定可能
会产生非常重大的后果，
会产生非常重大的后果，
00:59
and totally change
the courses of our lives.
the courses of our lives.
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甚至彻底改变我们的人生历程。
01:03
But in a play, a novel or a film,
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但在戏剧、小说或电影中，
01:07
the writer makes all the decisions
in advance for the characters,
in advance for the characters,
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作者已提前为角色做了所有的决定，
01:11
and as the audience,
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而作为观众的我们，
01:13
we can only watch, passively,
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只能被动地
目睹作者的决定所产生的结果。
01:15
the consequences of his decisions.
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01:19
As a storyteller,
I've always been fascinated
I've always been fascinated
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作为一名故事叙述者，
我一直痴迷于在小说中
再现这种“选择”的概念。
再现这种“选择”的概念。
01:23
with the idea of recreating
this notion of choices in fiction.
this notion of choices in fiction.
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01:29
My dream was to put the audience
in the shoes of the main protagonists,
in the shoes of the main protagonists,
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我的梦想是让观众
站在主角们的立场上，
站在主角们的立场上，
01:34
let them make their own decisions,
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通过自己做决定，
来讲述自己的故事版本。
01:36
and by doing so,
let them tell their own stories.
let them tell their own stories.
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01:42
Finding a way to achieve this is what
I did in the past 20 years of my life.
I did in the past 20 years of my life.
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我花了 20 年的时间，想要
找到实现这一目标的方法。
找到实现这一目标的方法。
01:49
Today, I would like to introduce you
to this new way of telling stories,
to this new way of telling stories,
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今天, 我想向大家介绍
这种讲故事的新方式，
这种讲故事的新方式，
01:54
a way that has interactivity at its heart.
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一种以“互动”为核心的方式。
01:59
Rather than exposing the theory behind it,
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与其直接揭示其背后
02:03
which could have been kind of abstract
and probably a little bit boring,
and probably a little bit boring,
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有点抽象，可能还有点无聊的理论，
02:07
I thought it would be a great opportunity
to do a little experiment.
to do a little experiment.
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我觉得倒不如利用眼下这一
难得的机会来做一个小实验，
难得的机会来做一个小实验，
02:13
I would like you, the people here at TED,
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我希望在座的你们
02:18
to tell your own story.
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能够讲述属于自己的故事。
02:22
So I came with an interactive scene
that we are going to play together.
that we are going to play together.
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所以，我带来了一个大家
可以共同参与的互动场景。
可以共同参与的互动场景。
02:27
I've asked Vicky --
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我会邀请维琪——
你好，维琪——
02:29
hello, Vicky --
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02:30
to control the main character for us.
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为我们操控主角。
而你们的角色——
作为观众的你们——
作为观众的你们——
02:33
And your role -- you, the audience --
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02:37
will be to make the choices.
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将要做出选择。
02:40
So Vicky and I don't know
what's going to happen,
what's going to happen,
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维琪和我都不知道
接下来会发生什么，
接下来会发生什么，
因为，接下来要发生的一切
将完全取决于你们的决定。
将完全取决于你们的决定。
02:43
because it will all be based
on your decisions.
on your decisions.
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02:48
This scene comes from our next game,
called "Detroit: Become Human,"
called "Detroit: Become Human,"
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这一幕取自我们的下一个
游戏 “底特律: 成为人类”，
游戏 “底特律: 成为人类”，
02:54
and we are in the near future,
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场景是在不久的将来，
02:58
where technology made possible
the creation of androids
the creation of androids
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利用科技所打造的机器人
03:01
that look exactly like human beings.
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看起来和人类一模一样。
03:03
We are in the shoes
of this character called Connor,
of this character called Connor,
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我们现在站在康纳这个角色的立场，
03:06
who is an android,
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他是个机器人，
03:07
and he can do very fancy things
with coins, as you can see.
with coins, as you can see.
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就像你看到的那样，
他会用硬币玩酷酷的小把戏，
他会用硬币玩酷酷的小把戏，
03:11
He has this blue triangle on this chest,
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就像所有的机器人一样，
他的胸部有个蓝色三角形标识，
03:15
as all androids do,
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03:18
and now Vicky is in control
of this character.
of this character.
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现在维琪正再操控这个角色，
03:21
She can walk around, she can go anywhere,
she can look around,
she can look around,
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她可以（让角色）四处走动、
可以去任何地方，
可以去任何地方，
可以环顾四周、 可以与环境互动，
03:25
she can interact with her environment,
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03:27
and now she can tell her own stories
by making choices.
by making choices.
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现在，她可以通过选择
来讲述自己版本的故事。
来讲述自己版本的故事。
03:29
So here we have our first choice.
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好了，现在我们要做出第一个选择。
03:32
There is a fish on the ground.
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地上有一条鱼，
03:34
What should we do?
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我们该怎么办呢？
03:35
Should we save it or should we leave it?
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我们是该拯救它，还是置之不理？
03:37
Remember, we are under time pressure,
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记住，我们没有太多时间，
03:39
so we'd better be fast.
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所以最好快点。
03:40
What should we do?
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我们该怎么办呢？
03:42
Audience: Save it!
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观众：救它呀！
03:43
David Cage: Save it? Save the fish?
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大卫 · 凯奇：好，救起这条鱼对吧？
03:49
(Video) (Fish plops)
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(视频)(鱼扑棱了一下)
03:50
DC: There we go.
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大卫 · 凯奇：鱼得救了。
03:53
OK, we have an android who likes animals.
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看来我们的机器人喜欢动物。
03:56
OK, let's move on.
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那么， 我们继续前进。
03:57
Remember, we have a hostage situation.
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别忘了，我们还要去处理人质事件。
03:59
(Video) Woman: Please, please,
you've got to save my little girl!
you've got to save my little girl!
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(视频)女人： 求你了，求你了，
请一定要救救我的女儿！
请一定要救救我的女儿！
04:03
Wait -- you're sending an android?
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等等——你们派了一个机器人来？
04:06
Officer: All right, ma'am, you need to go.
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警官： 好了， 女士，你该走了。
女人：你们不能那么做！
04:09
W: You can't do that!
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04:11
Why aren't you sending a real person?
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为什么不能派一个真人来呢？
04:14
DC: OK, she's not really happy.
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大卫 · 凯奇：好吧, 这位女士不高兴了。
她的女儿被一个机器人扣为人质，
04:16
Her daughter's been
taken hostage by an android,
taken hostage by an android,
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04:18
and of course, she's in a state of shock.
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当然， 她正处于震惊的状态。
04:21
Now we can continue
to explore this apartment.
to explore this apartment.
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现在，我们可以
继续侦察这个公寓了。
继续侦察这个公寓了。
04:23
We see all the SWAT forces in place.
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可以看到，所有的特警部队都已就位。
04:26
But we need to find
this Captain Allen first.
this Captain Allen first.
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但我们得先找到艾伦上尉，
04:28
That's the first thing we need to do.
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这是我们需要做的第一件事。
04:30
So, again, we can go anywhere.
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同样，我们可以去任何地方，
04:32
Vicky's still in control of the character.
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维琪还在操控这个角色。
04:34
Let's see -- oh, I think this
is Captain Allen. He's on the phone.
is Captain Allen. He's on the phone.
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我们来看一下—— 哦，我想
打电话的那人正是艾伦上尉。
打电话的那人正是艾伦上尉。
04:39
(Video) Connor: Captain Allen,
my name is Connor.
my name is Connor.
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(视频)康纳： 艾伦上尉，我叫康纳。
04:42
I'm the android sent by CyberLife.
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我是数字生命组织派来的机器人。
04:47
Captain Allen: Let's fire
at everything that moves.
at everything that moves.
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艾伦上尉： 我们对所有
移动的东西开火吧，
移动的东西开火吧，
它已经打死了我的两个手下。
04:49
It already shot down two of my men.
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04:52
We could easily get it,
but they're on the edge of the balcony --
but they're on the edge of the balcony --
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我们本来可以很轻易地制服它，
但他们现在在阳台的边缘——
但他们现在在阳台的边缘——
如果它掉下去，
04:55
it if falls,
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04:56
she falls.
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她也会掉落下去。
04:57
DC: OK, now we need to decide
what we want to ask the captain.
what we want to ask the captain.
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那么，现在我们需要决定
想问上尉什么样的问题，
想问上尉什么样的问题，
05:00
What should be our choice?
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我们的选择应该是什么？
是问这个离经叛道的机器人的名字？它的
古怪行为？还是它的情绪是否受到了刺激？
古怪行为？还是它的情绪是否受到了刺激？
05:02
Deviant's name? Deviant's
behavior? Emotional shock?
behavior? Emotional shock?
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05:05
(Video) C: Has it experienced
an emotional shock recently?
an emotional shock recently?
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(视频)康纳：它最近情绪受过刺激吗？
05:09
Capt A: I haven't got
a clue. Does it matter?
a clue. Does it matter?
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上尉：我不知道。
这（和绑架）有什么关系吗？
这（和绑架）有什么关系吗？
康纳：我需要了解更多信息
以确定最好的（营救）方案。
以确定最好的（营救）方案。
05:11
C: I need information
to determine the best approach.
to determine the best approach.
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05:14
DC: OK, a second choice.
Maybe we can learn something.
Maybe we can learn something.
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大卫 · 凯奇：好了, 第二个选择来了。
也许我们可以了解一些东西。
也许我们可以了解一些东西。
05:17
What should we choose?
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我们应该选择什么？
05:18
Audience: Behavior.
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观众： 行为。
大卫 · 凯奇：好，维琪，
问它是否举止古怪。
问它是否举止古怪。
05:19
DC: OK, deviant behavior, Vicky.
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(视频)康纳：你知道在这之前
它的行为是否很奇怪吗？
它的行为是否很奇怪吗？
05:21
(Video) C: Do you know if it's been
behaving strangely before this?
behaving strangely before this?
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上尉：听着，救那个孩子才是最重要的。
05:24
Capt A: Listen ... saving that kid
is all that matters.
is all that matters.
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05:29
DC: OK, we are not going to learn
anything from this guy.
anything from this guy.
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大卫 · 凯奇：看来，从这个
家伙身上了解不到什么信息。
家伙身上了解不到什么信息。
05:31
We need to do something.
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我们需要做点什么，
我们再回到客厅试试吧。
05:33
Let's try to go back in the lobby.
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哦，等等—— 维琪，
你右边好像有一个房间，
你右边好像有一个房间，
05:37
Oh, wait -- there's a room over there
on your right, Vicky, I think.
on your right, Vicky, I think.
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05:41
Maybe there's something we can learn here.
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也许我们可以在这里
了解到一些信息吧。
了解到一些信息吧。
05:44
Oh, there's a tablet.
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哦, 有一个平板电脑，
05:46
Let's have a look.
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我们一起来看看。
05:53
(Video) Girl: This is Daniel,
the coolest android in the world.
the coolest android in the world.
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(视频)女孩：这是丹尼尔，
世界上最酷的机器人，
世界上最酷的机器人，
05:57
Say "Hi," Daniel.
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说 "嗨" 丹尼尔。
05:58
Daniel: Hello!
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丹尼尔：哈罗！
女孩：你是我最好的朋友，
我们会永远在一起！
我们会永远在一起！
05:59
G: You're my bestie,
we'll always be together!
we'll always be together!
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06:02
DC: That was just one way
of playing the scenes,
of playing the scenes,
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大卫 · 凯奇：那只是场景的一种玩法，
还有很多其他的玩法。
06:05
but there are many
other ways of playing it.
other ways of playing it.
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根据你做出的选择，
06:07
Depending on the choices you make,
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我们会看到许多不同的动作，
06:09
we could have seen many different actions,
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06:11
many different consequences,
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许多不同的结果，
06:13
many different outcomes.
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许多不同的结局。
06:15
So that gives you an idea of what
my work is about as an interactive writer.
my work is about as an interactive writer.
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这样你们就能了解，我作为
一个互动作家的工作是什么。
一个互动作家的工作是什么。
一个线性作家只需要构思时间和空间，
06:19
Where a linear writer needs
to deal with time and space,
to deal with time and space,
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06:24
as an interactive writer,
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而作为一个互动的作家，
06:25
I need to deal with time,
space and possibilities.
space and possibilities.
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我要考虑时间、空间，
以及其他各种可能性。
以及其他各种可能性。
06:30
I have to manage massive tree structures,
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我必须处理大量分支结构中的情节，
06:35
where each branch
is a new variation of the story.
is a new variation of the story.
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而其中每个分支都是
故事的一个新的变量。
故事的一个新的变量。
06:38
I need to think about all
the possibilities in a given scene
the possibilities in a given scene
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我需要思考一个特定
场景中的所有可能性，
场景中的所有可能性，
06:41
and try to imagine
everything that can happen.
everything that can happen.
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并努力想象一切
可能会发生的事情。
可能会发生的事情。
06:43
I need to deal with thousands
and thousands of variables,
and thousands of variables,
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我需要处理成千上万的变量、
各种情况和可能性，
06:48
conditions and possibilities.
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06:50
As a consequence, where a film script
is about 100 pages,
is about 100 pages,
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结果就是，一个电影
剧本只需大约 100 页，
剧本只需大约 100 页，
06:55
an interactive script like this
is between four and five thousand pages.
is between four and five thousand pages.
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而像这样的交互式剧本，长度
却在 4000 到 5000 页之间。
却在 4000 到 5000 页之间。
07:03
So that gives you an idea
of what this work is about.
of what this work is about.
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以上给大家介绍的就是我的工作内容。
07:07
But I think, in the end,
the experience is very unique,
the experience is very unique,
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但我认为，最终这种
体验将是非常是独特的，
体验将是非常是独特的，
07:12
because it is the result
of the collaboration
of the collaboration
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因为它是共同协作的成果，
07:17
between a writer creating
this narrative landscape
this narrative landscape
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由创造这种叙事场景的作家
07:22
and the player making his own decisions,
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和自己做决定的玩家共同来完成，
玩家在讲述自己的故事，
并成为故事的联合创作人、
并成为故事的联合创作人、
07:24
telling his own story
and becoming the cowriter
and becoming the cowriter
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07:28
but also the coactor
and the codirector of the story.
and the codirector of the story.
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联合演员和联合导演。
07:34
Interactive storytelling is a revolution
in the way we tell stories.
in the way we tell stories.
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互动的故事叙述是我们
讲故事方式的一场革命，
讲故事方式的一场革命，
07:39
With the emergence of new platforms
like interactive television,
like interactive television,
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随着像互动电视、
虚拟现实和视频游戏
等新平台的出现，
等新平台的出现，
07:44
virtual reality and video games,
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07:46
it can become a new form of entertainment
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它可以成为一种新的娱乐形式，
07:48
and maybe even a new form of art.
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甚至可能成为一种新的艺术形式。
07:53
I am convinced that in the coming years,
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我坚信，在今后几年里，
07:56
we will see more and more moving
and meaningful interactive experiences,
and meaningful interactive experiences,
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我们还将看到越来越多、
由新一代人才创造的、
由新一代人才创造的、
08:02
created by a new generation of talents.
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感人而有意义的互动体验。
08:06
This is a medium
waiting for its Orson Welles
waiting for its Orson Welles
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这是一个在等待它的奥森 · 威尔斯
或斯坦利 · 库布里克出现的媒介，
08:09
or its Stanley Kubrick,
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08:10
and I have no doubt
that they will soon emerge
that they will soon emerge
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而我相信他们很快就会出现，
08:14
and be recognized as such.
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并成为新时代的电影大师。
08:18
I believe that interactive
storytelling can be
storytelling can be
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我相信，互动的故事叙述
08:21
what cinema was in the 20th century:
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会成为 20 世纪电影的新貌：
08:24
an art that deeply changes its time.
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一种深刻改变时代的艺术！
08:28
Thank you.
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谢谢！
（掌声）
08:29
(Applause)
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
David Cage - Interactive storytellerThe creator of emotional, immersive games like "Heavy Rain," "BEYOND: Two Souls" and "Detroit: Become Human," David Cage uses games to push the boundaries of storytelling.
Why you should listen
Today, storytelling is all around us, but more and more people don't want to be spectators anymore -- they want to be actors of their own fiction. From social networks to interactive TV, virtual reality to immersive theatre, interactive storytelling is the next frontier for a new generation of writers.
Many people have preconceived ideas about video games, and sometimes they are right. But few people know that games can also be a wonderful creative medium capable of telling a new kind of narrative. In most art forms, the audience is watching passively. With interactive storytelling, the spectator becomes the hero of his own story.
David Cage dedicated his career to trying to understand how to tell interactive stories. Convinced that games can be more than entertainment, he tries to show that they can be a new form of expression, maybe even a new form of art, capable of emulating the interactive nature of life itself.
David Cage | Speaker | TED.com