Riccardo Sabatini: How to read the genome and build a human being
ريكادو ساباتيني: كيف تقرأ الجينوم وتبني إنساناً
Riccardo Sabatini applies his expertise in numerical modeling and data to projects ranging from material science to computational genomics and food market predictions. Full bio
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I'm going to take you on a journey
the biggest dream of humanity:
many, many years ago
تحتاج إلى ثلاثة عناصر:
raw material, some energy,
that was not there before.
لم يكن موجوداَ في السابق.
وأنا عائد إلى المنزل
I was coming back home
always knew a 3D printer.
عرفت الطابعة ثلاثية الأبعاد.
my father and my mom in this case,
التي دارت بينها وبين أبي، في هذه الحالة
in the same media, that is food,
discovering that she was a 3D printer,
عرفت أنها كانت طابعة ثلاثية الأبعاد،
by that piece,
at the beginning
as a gigantic Lego piece.
بقطع ليجو ضخمة.
blocks are little atoms
ذرات صغيرة
a carbon here, a nitrogen here.
وذرة كربون هنا، وذرة نيتروجين هنا.
that compose a human being,
يتألف منها جسم الإنسان،
quite an astonishing number.
drive to assemble a little baby,
لتكوين طفل صغير،
of thumb drives --
الأقراص الإصبعية --
a pregnant lady,
سيدة حامل،
amount of information
anything you heard of.
انسى جميع ما سمعته.
of information that exists.
التي وجدت.
than a young physicist,
بكثير من عالم فيزياء شاب،
to pack this information
من حزم كل المعلومات
when Rosalind Franklin,
عندما روزاليد فرانكلين،
to finally poke inside a human cell,
لنصل إلى داخل الخلية البشريّة أخيراً،
a fairly simple alphabet,
أحرف أبجدية بسيطة فقط،
you need three billion of them.
ثلاثة مليارات حرف منهم.
any sense as a number, right?
I could explain myself better
أن أشرحه بطريقة أفضل
I'm going to have some help,
introduce the code
to sequence it, Dr. Craig Venter.
تسلسل السلسلة الجينية هو د.غرايغ فينتر.
from the United States to Canada
الأمريكيّة إلى كندا
Lulu.com, a start-up, did everything.
ورائد أعمال، قامو بكل شيء.
of what is the code of life.
"رمز الحياة".
I can do something fun.
شيءٍ مضحك.
book ... like this one.
it's a fairly big book.
what is the code of life.
the color of the eyes to Craig.
لون الأعين للدكتور غرايغ.
more complicated.
two letters in this position --
في هذا الموضع --
to a terrible disease:
we don't know how to solve it,
ولا نعلم كيفيّة الوصول لحل،
of difference from what we are.
me, me and you, you --
أنا وأنتم، أنتم --
is the miracle of life that you are.
التي جعلتك ما أنت عليه.
when we think that we are different.
بأنّنا مختلفون.
at assembling Swedish furniture,
في تجميع الأثاث السويدي،
is nothing you can crack in your life.
حياتك في فك رموزه.
we can learn from these books,
of personalized medicine,
should be done to have better health
للحصول على صحة أفضل
and many, many more people,
من الناس،
المفهوم في الحقيقة بسيطٌ جدّاً.
called machine learning.
تعلّيم الآلة .
thousands of them.
الآلاف منها.
the biggest database of human beings:
قاعدة المعلومات الأكبر عن الإنسان:
التصوير بالرنين المغناطيسي النووي --
everything you can think of.
and we train a machine --
many, many machines --
من الآلات --
the genome in a phenotype.
and what do they do?
be used for everything,
is particularly complicated.
to build different challenges.
تحدّيات مختلفة.
from common traits.
because they are common,
لأنّها مشتركة،
and predict your height?
إلى حدٍّ ما بطريقة معيشتك،
eight kilograms of precision.
دخلنا بالنسب التقريبيّة،
نعم، نستطيع.
the code changes during your life.
الرمز يتغيّر خلال حياتك.
it gets insertions.
ويحصل عليه اندخالات.
among millions of these letters.
بين ملايين هذه الأحرف.
a very well-defined object.
ليس بجسم بمعالم دقيقة جداً.
a machine what a face is,
with machine learning,
we read the first sequence --
عاماً بعد قراءة أوّل تسلسل --
to see some signals.
coming in our lab.
مخبرنا.
we reduce the complexity,
ونقوم بتصغير التعقيد،
and asymmetries come from your life.
ناتجة عن حياتك.
and we run our algorithm.
الخوارزمية.
from the blood.
left and right, left and right,
يسار يمين،
those pictures to be identical.
another exercise, to be honest.
كي أكون صادقاً.
comes from gender,
the ethnicity component of a human.
المكون للإنسان.
is much more complicated.
هناك ما هو أكثر تعقيداً.
even in the differences,
that we are in the right ballpark,
المئويّة الصحيحة،
that comes in place,
the complete cranial structure,
الجمجمة كاملةً،
in the training of the machine.
أبداً من قبل خلال تدريبها.
probably never believe.
ألّا تصدقهم أبداً.
in a scientific publication,
Chris challenged me.
تحداني.
and tried to predict
and believe me, you have no idea
ليس لديكم أي فكرة
this blood now, here --
of biological information
المعلومات البيولوجيّة
and I'm going to do it with you.
all the understanding we have.
we predicted he's a male.
the subject is 82.
and peculiar ethnicity.
they never fit in models.
ضمن النماذج.
is a complex corner case for our model.
لأنّ العرق هو حالة معقدة لنموذجنا.
a lot to recognize people
للتعرّف على الأشخاص
إنّها التي تتعلق بمظهري.
but my beard cut.
وإنّما ذقني.
in this case, transfer it --
حيث سأقوم بتعديلها --
لا علاقة له بالنموذج --
than Photoshop, no modeling --
much, much better in the feeling.
for predicting height
out of your blood.
and the same approach,
والمقاربة التي نستعملها هنا،
researchers around the world.
from a statistical approach
من مقاربة إحصائيّة
of exactly how you are.
complicated challenge,
in the world on this topic.
يعملون على هذا الموضوع.
be confronted with decisions
التفاصيل الدّاخليّة عن عمل الحياة.
inner detail on how life works.
that cannot be confined
we're building as a humanity.
نبنيه للبشريّة.
with artists, with philosophers,
مع المبدعين والفنانين والفلاسفة
that we make in the next year
التي سنقوم بعملها العام القادم
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Riccardo Sabatini - Scientist, entrepreneurRiccardo Sabatini applies his expertise in numerical modeling and data to projects ranging from material science to computational genomics and food market predictions.
Why you should listen
Data scientist Riccardo Sabatini harnesses numerical methods for a surprising variety of fields, from material science research to the study of food commodities (as a past director of the EU research project FoodCAST). His most recent research centers on computational genomics and how to crack the code of life.
In addition to his data research, Sabatini is deeply involved in education for entrepreneurs. He is the founder and co-director of the Quantum ESPRESSO Foundation, an advisor in several data-driven startups, and funder of The HUB Trieste, a social impact accelerator.
Riccardo Sabatini | Speaker | TED.com