Rutger Bregman: Poverty isn't a lack of character; it's a lack of cash
روتجر بريغمان: الفقر ليس نقصاً في الشخصية بل هو حاجة ماديّة.
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so many poor decisions?
يشربون أكثر
Prime Minister, Margaret Thatcher.
مارغريت ثاتشر
"a personality defect."
would be so blunt.
wrong with the poor themselves
should be held responsible
help them to make better decisions.
لاتخاذ قرارات أفضل.
how to live their lives,
كيف يجب أن يعيشوا حياتهم،
that I discovered
about poverty was wrong.
stumbled upon a paper
all the way to India,
with sugarcane farmers.
مع مزارعي قصب السكر.
collect about 60 percent
يجمعون حوالي 60 بالمئة
poor one part of the year
في بعض فترات السنة.
an IQ test before and after the harvest.
باختبار ذكاء قبل وبعد الحصاد.
completely blew my mind.
on the test before the harvest.
in poverty, it turns out,
to losing a night's sleep
I heard that Eldar Shafir,
and one of the authors of this study,
وأحد باحثي هذه الدراسة،
new theory of poverty.
حول الفقر.
behave differently
doesn't much matter --
money or food.
أو المال أو الطعام.
to your immediate lack --
in five minutes
to be paid tomorrow.
goes out the window.
because they are dumb,
programs don't work.
من برامج مكافحة الفقر لدينا
are often completely ineffective.
التعليم بلا نتيجة.
of money-management training
that it has almost no effect at all.
don't learn anything --
this all out decades ago.
any complicated brain scans;
لعمليات مسح دماغ معقدة.
more that 100 years ago.
the psychology of poverty before.
عن علم نفس الفقر.
writers who ever lived,
firsthand in the 1920s.
في عشرينيات القرن الماضي.
he wrote back then,
they have the right to preach at you
بأن يعظوك
below a certain level."
as resonant today.
حتى يومنا هذا
a few solutions up their sleeves.
ببعض الحلول في جعبتهم.
with their paperwork
to remind them to pay their bills.
بدفع فواتيرهم.
with modern politicians,
لدى السياسيين المعاصرين،
a symbol of this era
الفترة الحالية
in which the poor live?
يعيش فيه الفقراء؟
with the software
by installing some extra memory instead?
عبر إلحاق ذاكرة إضافية؟
responded with a blank look.
more money to the poor
of left-wing politics
an old-fashioned, leftist idea?
by some of history's leading thinkers.
أبرز المفكرين في التاريخ.
first hinted at it in his book, "Utopia,"
في كتابه "يوتوبيا"
the spectrum from the left to the right,
من اليسار إلى اليمين،
Martin Luther King,
مارتن لوثر كينغ
for your basic needs:
what you have to do for it,
what you have to do with it.
is not a favor, but a right.
nature of poverty,
we've all been waiting for?
about basic income.
all over the globe,
upon a story of a town
had actually eradicated poverty.
قامت فعلاً بالقضاء على الفقر.
was guaranteed a basic income,
هذه البلدة الصغيرة،
below the poverty line.
أحد تحت خط الفقر
descended on the town.
was voted into power,
little point to the expensive experiment.
من التجربة المكلفة.
no money left to analyze the results,
لتحليل النتائج،
their files away in some 2,000 boxes.
حوالي 2000 صندوق.
a Canadian professor,
to all manner of statistical analysis,
أنواع التحليل الإحصائي،
a resounding success.
had not only become richer
improved substantially.
by as much as 8.5 percent.
were new mothers and students --
الأمهات الجدد والطلاب --
around the globe,
pretending we know best.
بأننا أكثر معرفة.
and teddy bears to the poor,
ودمى الدببة للفقراء،
industry of paternalistic bureaucrats
البيروقراطيين الأبويين
hand over their salaries
thing about money
to buy things they need
ما يحتاجون
experts think they need.
أنفسهم خبراء أنهم يحتاجونها.
وكاتباً لامعاً،
and entrepreneurs and writers,
and talent we would unleash
like venture capital for the people.
استثمارياً للناس.
in the US, for example.
في الولايات المتحدة مثلاً.
dollars each year,
spending, higher dropout rates,
ونسبة أعلى من المتسربين،
of human potential.
the elephant in the room.
a basic income guarantee?
than you may think.
with a negative income tax.
بضريبة دخل سلبية.
below the poverty line.
best estimates,
one percent of GDP --
وواحد بالمئة من إجمالي الناتج المحلي --
above the poverty line.
ليصبحوا فوق خط الفقر.
and little nudges is past.
الأفكار الجوهرية الجديدة
for radical new ideas,
than just another policy.
of what work actually is.
المعنى الحقيقي للعمل.
meaning or significance.
actually like their job.
من العمال البريطانيين
as 37 percent of British workers
doesn't even need to exist.
so we can buy shit we don't need."
لنشتري تفاهات لا نحتاجها"
and the garbagemen
الرواتب العالية والسير الذاتية الممتازة
professionals with excellent résumés
add-on of disruptive co-creation
للابتكار الهادم
talent we're wasting,
أن عليهم "كسب قوتهم"
they'll have to "earn a living."
at Facebook lamented a few years ago:
الذي يعمل لدى فيسبوك يندبه منذ عدة سنوات:
to make people click ads."
على الإعلانات."
and economy right now.
واقتصادنا الآن.
وهي تقوم بذلك فعلاُ.
in the past few years,
may feel pessimistic
to know what we're against.
"I have a nightmare."
is not determined
to prepare you for another useless job
لوظائف أخرى بدون جدوى
without poverty is not a privilege
we've got the evidence
first wrote about a basic income,
توماس مور للمرة الأولى عن الدخل الأساسي
حقيقة الفقر
discovered the true nature of poverty,
is not a lack of character.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Rutger Bregman - HistorianRutger Bregman is the author of "Utopia for Realists."
Why you should listen
Rutger Bregman is one of Europe's most prominent young thinkers. The 28-year-old historian and author has published four books on history, philosophy and economics. His book Utopia for Realists -- on universal basic income and other radical ideas -- has been translated in more than 20 languages. His work has been featured in The Washington Post and The Guardian and on the BBC.
Rutger Bregman | Speaker | TED.com