Anjan Chatterjee: How your brain decides what is beautiful
أنجان تشاترجي: كيفية تعرّف العقل على الجمال
Anjan Chatterjee seeks to answer a tantalizing question: Why is beauty so gripping? Full bio
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gives a remarkable talk.
جالتون حديثاً استثنائياً.
institute of Great Britain and Ireland.
لأيرلندا وبريطانيا العُظمى
in human intelligence,
في مجال الذكاء البشري،
by which he can combine photographs
to characterize different types of people.
لوصف أنواع مختلفة من الناس.
photographs of violent criminals,
صوراً لمجرمين عنيفين،
raises deep questions:
الكثير من الأسئلة:
and color and form excite us so?
من الخط واللون والشكل؟
using logic and speculation.
باستخدام المنطق والتخمين.
the question of beauty
and tools of neuroscience.
التطوري وأدوات من علم الأعصاب.
the why and the how of beauty,
for the human face and form.
في وجه الإنسان وهيئته.
beauty in each other,
الجمال في بعضنا البعض،
subjective for the individual,
بالتأكيد قرارًا شخصيًا للفرد،
to the survival of the group.
التي تساهم في بقاء المجموعة.
to what makes a face attractive.
تساهم في ماذا يجعل الوجه جذاباً.
and the effects of hormones.
والتناسق وتأثير الهرمونات.
are typically more attractive
عادة ما تكون أكثر جاذبية
that contributes to the average
with many people's intuitions.
مع حدس العديد من الناس.
the central tendencies of a group.
represent different populations,
يمثلون مجموعات سكانية مختلفة،
greater genetic diversity
individuals attractive
ذو الأعراق المختلطة جذابون
to beauty is symmetry.
more attractive than asymmetric ones.
المتناسقة أكثر جاذبية من غيرها.
are often associated with asymmetries.
والحيوانات والإنسان
from parasitic infections.
of symmetry for beauty
with products he sold from his company,
التي كان يبيعها من شركته،
after himself, Max Factor,
is one of the world's most famous brands
أشهر الماركات في العالم
to facial attractiveness
for confining my comments
play important roles
والتيستوستيرون يلعبان أدوارًا مهمة
that we find attractive.
في تكوين الملامح التي تجعلنا نراها جذابة.
that signal fertility.
of both youth and maturity.
والنضج معا.
mean that the girl is not yet fertile,
تشعر أن الفتاة ليست خصبة،
full lips and narrow chins
شفاه ممتلئة وذقن صغير
as an indicator of maturity.
that we regard as typically masculine.
ملامح نعتبرها ذكورية.
features are a fitness indicator
تعزز مؤشرات اللياقة البدنية
example of a handicap
ذيل الطاووس.
doesn't exactly help the peacock
جميل ولكن الذيل الثقيل لا يساعد الطاووس
appendage evolve?
made him physically ill.
جعله يمرض.
with his theory of natural selection,
عن الإنتقاء الطبيعي.
of sexual selection.
is about sexual enticement,
it's more likely the peacock will mate
سيقوم بالتزاوج
on this display argument
الجدلية في ما يخص هذا الأمر
advertising its health to the peahen.
can afford to divert resources
an extravagant appendage.
the price that testosterone levies
تحمل ضريبة التيستوستيرون
في نظامهم المناعي.
to pay more than $10,000 for a watch
بمبلغ أكثر من 10,000دولار
كرمز لتناسقهم المالي.
of evolutionary claims
عن التطور الادعائي الثوري
are unconsciously seeking mates
وفكروا بمعناها أننا لاشعوريا نبحث عن شركاء
is probably not right.
known for making decisions
معروفين بأخذهم قرارات
kinds of preferences:
nothing to do with health;
that these preferences are associated
الاختيارات ستكون متصلة
of producing offspring --
to 2 oranges to 1 red,
إلى 2 برتقالي إلى 1 أحمر،
has a green preference.
and sampling this population
preferences are universal.
abstract example
for specific physical features
with a reproductive advantage,
when we see beautiful people?
عندما نرى أشخاصًا جميلين؟
parts of our visual cortex
to processing faces,
the lateral occipital complex,
القذالية الجانبية المعقدة
to processing objects.
of our reward and pleasure centers
من مركز السعادة والعطاء لدينا
that have complicated names,
to processing faces
engage with beauty,
جميعنا ننجذب إلى الجمال،
in which people saw a series of faces,
الناس سلسلة من الوجوه،
were the same or a different person.
الوجوه هي لنفس الشخص أو لشخص آخر.
robustly in their visual cortex,
بقوة في القشرة البصرية،
about a person's identity
يفكرون حول هوية الشخص
automatic responses to beauty
الردود التلقائية على الجمال
responds to beauty
we might be thinking.
stereotype embedded in the brain.
النمطية جزء لا يتجزأ من الدماغ.
aren't explicitly thinking
الناس لا تفكر صراحةً
associate beauty and good.
تربط الجمال بالجيد.
may be the biologic trigger
يكون الزناد البيولوجي
all kinds of advantages in life.
أنواع المزايا في الحياة.
and lesser punishments,
are not warranted.
الأحكام ليس لها ما يبررها.
reveal beauty's ugly side.
تكشف عن الجانب القبيح للجمال.
anomalies and disfigurements
وتشوه طفيف في الوجه
and less hardworking.
a "disfigured is bad" stereotype.
السيئ "كصورة نمطية.
exploited and magnified
واستغلالها وتضخيمها
is often used as a shorthand
تستخدمه باعتباره اختزال
these kinds of implicit biases
الأنواع من التحيز الضمني
in which we treat people fairly,
مع الناس بشكل عادل،
on the happenstance of their looks.
التي تخص أشكالهم.
attributes of beauty
two million years of the Pleistocene.
سنة من العصر الحديث.
and a very long time ago.
ومنذ وقت طويل جدا.
for reproductive success from that time
للإنجاب في ذلك الوقت
of the top ways that people die,
أحد أهم أسباب الوفاة اليوم،
developed world.
are being relaxed.
are free to drift
تُصبح حرة في الإنجراف
affecting our environment,
and technological innovation
to look beautiful.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Anjan Chatterjee - Cognitive neuroscientistAnjan Chatterjee seeks to answer a tantalizing question: Why is beauty so gripping?
Why you should listen
In his recent book, The Aesthetic Brain: How We Evolved to Desire Beauty and Enjoy Art, cognitive neuroscientist Anjan Chatterjee investigates neural responses to beauty, explaining that the faces and places we find aesthetically pleasing may promote evolutionary success.
With numerous publications to his name in areas such as attention, spatial cognition and neuroethics, Chatterjee is the former president of the Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology Society and the International Association of Empirical Aesthetics, and he is also a founding member of the Board of Governors of the Neuroethics Society. In 2016, Chatterjee was awarded the Rudolph Arnheim Award for contributions to psychology and the arts. Currently at the Center for Cognitive Neuroscience at the University of Pennsylvania, Chatterjee's cutting edge work in neuroaesthetics bridges art and neuroscience in complex and fascinating ways.
Anjan Chatterjee | Speaker | TED.com